Manufacturing process of pressure container and welding workbench
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pressure vessel production, in particular to a manufacturing process of a pressure vessel and a welding workbench.
Background
A pressure vessel is a closed vessel that can withstand pressure. The pressure container has wide application range, and has important position and function in many departments of industry, civil use, military industry and the like and many fields of scientific research. Among them, the pressure vessels used in the petrochemical industry alone account for about 50% of the total number of pressure vessels, in order to be used in the chemical industry and the petrochemical industry at most. The pressure container is mainly used for heat transfer, mass transfer, reaction and other technological processes, storing and transporting pressurized gas or liquefied gas in the fields of chemical industry and petrochemical industry, and also has wide application in other industrial and civil fields, such as air compressors. Auxiliary machines (such as a cooler, a buffer, an oil-water separator, an air tank, and an evaporator) of various special compressors and refrigeration compressors belong to pressure vessels.
As shown in fig. 1, the existing pressure vessel generally includes a straight pipe section 1 and arc surface sections 2 disposed at two ends of the straight pipe section 1, the two arc surface sections 2 are respectively used for plugging two ends of the straight pipe section 1, in the actual production and use, the arc surface sections 2 and the straight pipe section 1 are produced respectively, and are welded into a whole finally, the volume of the arc surface section 2 is relatively small, so that the arc surface section can be formed by casting and the like, the overall strength is strong, and the straight pipe section 1 is large in volume and is arranged in a hollow manner, so that a metal plate is generally rolled into a cylinder by using a pipe coiling machine, then the cylinder is hoisted to a welding workbench by using a crane, and finally, two sides where the metal plates are connected are welded into a whole by using.
When a curled round metal plate is welded, two connected sides of the metal plate are welded into a whole generally in a submerged arc automatic welding mode, wherein the metal plate is large in thickness which can reach 8-15cm generally, welding wires used as dressing materials need to be long in time for ensuring complete welding, and therefore the production speed of a pressure container is affected, and improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pressure vessel manufacturing process capable of improving the production speed of a pressure vessel, and the invention aims to provide a welding workbench capable of assisting the production of straight pipe sections.
One of the above objects of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a process for manufacturing a pressure vessel comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: rolling the metal plate into a cylinder by using a pipe rolling machine, wherein a welding seam is reserved between two ends of the cylinder;
step two: a heating device is arranged on the welding workbench and is arranged along the length direction of the cylinder;
step three: hoisting the cylinder onto a welding workbench by using a crane, and enabling a welding seam of the cylinder to be vertically downward, wherein the welding seam is aligned to the heating device;
step four: preheating the cylinder by using a heating device, wherein the working temperature of the heating device is 150-;
step five: carrying out submerged-arc welding from the interior of the cylinder by using an automatic welding machine, wherein in the welding process, the heating device keeps a heating state until the welding is finished, and then the straight pipe section can be welded;
step six: and welding the welded straight pipe section and the two cast arc surface sections into a whole.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize step one can be with the metal sheet book system formation drum that the level set up, utilize step two, cooperation between step three and step four, make heating device can heat the outer wall of drum, thereby make the temperature of weld joint both sides rise, thereby make the weld joint be in the state of preheating, when the welding rod is imbedded between the weld joint, the temperature of welding rod can increase, thereby make the initial temperature of welding rod higher, when making step five go on, the welding rod can be at short time internal melting welding, thereby accelerate the production efficiency of straight tube section, it can as an organic whole to utilize step six to weld the straight tube section and two cambered surface sections that the welding was accomplished finally, because the production speed of straight tube section improves, consequently the production efficiency of whole pressure vessel also obtains suitably improving.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and connecting strips are arranged on the left side and the right side of the welding seam, the two connecting strips are arranged along the length direction of the welding seam, the two connecting strips are positioned in the middle of the welding seam, one sides of the two connecting strips which are oppositely arranged are connected, the welding seam is divided into two welding seams by the two connecting strips, when the fifth step is carried out, submerged-arc welding is respectively carried out twice, and the two submerged-arc welding is respectively carried out from the inner side and the outer side of the cylinder.
By adopting the technical scheme, molten solder can be formed during welding of the welding rods, the effect of blocking the molten solder can be achieved by utilizing the connecting strips, the molten solder is prevented from directly falling onto the heating device, and the use safety of the heating device is effectively ensured.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: when the first step is finished, spot welding is carried out on one side where the two connecting strips are connected, a plurality of welding spots are arranged, and the welding spots are arranged along the length direction of the welding seam.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the mode that utilizes spot welding can be fixed as an organic whole with two connecting strips for when boat hang the drum, the clearance of welded joint is difficult for changing because of the collision, effectively ensures the size precision of straight tube section.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: when the step one is finished, the two connecting strips are overlapped on one side, then a plurality of positioning pins are inserted into the side walls of the two cylinders, the positioning pins are arranged along the length direction of the welding seams, and the two connecting strips are penetrated by the positioning pins.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the locating pin can be fixed as an organic whole with two connecting strips for when boat hung the drum, the clearance of weld joint is difficult for changing because of the collision, effectively ensures the size precision of straight tube section.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: when submerged arc welding is performed on the outer side of the cylinder, the cylinder is rotated by 45 degrees so that the outer side of the weld line is inclined downward, then the outer side of the cylinder is welded by an automatic welding machine, and when the weld line on the outer side of the cylinder is welded, a heating device is mounted on the inner side of the cylinder to heat the inner side of the cylinder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the automatic welding machine can weld the part of the welding seam communicated with the outer side of the cylinder, the heating device is arranged on the inner side of the cylinder, and the temperature of the peripheral side of the welding seam can be guaranteed when the welding seam is welded on the side communicated with the outer side of the cylinder.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and step five, mounting side baffles on the left side and the right side of the welding joint, extending the side baffles along the length direction of the welding joint, and dismantling the baffles after the step five is completed.
By adopting the technical scheme, when submerged arc welding is carried out, partial welding slag splashes outwards, the side baffle plate can be utilized to play a role in blocking the welding slag, so that the welding slag can be concentrated at the positions of the left side and the right side of a welding seam, and the subsequent collection and treatment of the welding slag are facilitated.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and fifthly, performing dust collection on the peripheral side of the automatic welding machine by using a dust collector by a worker.
By adopting the technical scheme, partial smoke can be generated during submerged arc welding, and the dust generated by welding can be collected by using the dust collector, so that the working environment is ensured.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: before the fourth step, a plurality of movable plates are arranged in the cylinder, the movable plates are uniformly distributed on the left side and the right side of the welding seam, and the movable plates on the same side of the welding seam are distributed along the length direction of the straight pipe.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when welding seam and the inboard one side of intercommunication of drum weld, the staff need get into the inside observation welding effect of drum, need squat down and examine during the observation, lead to the staff probably to take place to touch with the welding seam week side, utilize the fly leaf to play thermal-insulated effect, avoid the staff to touch by the scald when welding seam week side.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a be used for as above weldment work platform, includes the workstation, the symmetry is provided with on the left and right sides of workstation changes the roller, each change the axis of roller and set up along the length direction of workstation, set up and arrange along the length direction of workstation with each commentaries on classics roller on one side of workstation.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during the use, only need hoist and mount the drum to the workstation on to make the outer wall of drum and the outer wall butt of each commentaries on classics roller, make the drum parallel to each other with each axis of changeing the roller simultaneously, utilize the cooperation of changeing between roller and the drum, make the drum can be through rotatory in order to reach the effect of adjustment weld joint position.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the middle position of the workbench is provided with a plurality of turbine lifters, lifting shafts of the turbine lifters are vertically arranged, rotating shafts of the turbine lifters are horizontally and coaxially arranged, the rotating shafts of the turbine lifters are connected into a whole through connecting rods, lifting plates are arranged on the lifting shafts of the turbine lifters, and the heating devices are placed on the lifting plates.
By adopting the technical scheme, the turbine elevators can drive the lifting plate to lift up and down by utilizing the matching between the turbine elevators and the connecting rod, so that the heating device placed on the lifting plate can be in close contact with the outer wall of the cylinder, and the heating effect of the heating device on the cylinder is ensured.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
the initial heating temperature of the welding rod is improved by utilizing a heating mode, so that the welding rod can be welded by an automatic welding machine more quickly, the production efficiency of the straight pipe section is improved, and the production efficiency of the pressure container is indirectly improved;
the implementation mode is simple, the required configuration equipment is few, the implementation and the popularization are convenient, the increase of the processing cost is limited, and the popularization value is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art pressure vessel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of two cylinders according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial schematic view of portion A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a welding station;
fig. 6 is an operational schematic of the worm gear linkage.
Reference numerals: 1. a straight pipe section; 2. a cambered surface section; 3. a cylinder; 4. welding a seam; 5. a connecting strip; 6. positioning pins; 7. a work table; 71. rotating the roller; 72. a turbine lift; 721. a lifting plate; 722. a second motor; 723. a connecting rod; 73. a turbine linkage mechanism; 731. a first motor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention discloses a manufacturing process of a pressure container, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: rolling a metal plate into a cylinder 3 by using a pipe rolling machine, and reserving a welding seam 4 between two ends of the cylinder 3;
step two: a heating device is arranged on the welding workbench and is arranged along the length direction of the cylinder 3;
step three: hoisting the cylinder 3 to a welding workbench by using a crane, and enabling a welding seam 4 of the cylinder 3 to be vertically downward, wherein the welding seam 4 is aligned with the heating device;
step four: preheating the cylinder 3 by using a heating device, wherein the working temperature of the heating device is 150-;
step five: starting submerged arc welding from the interior of the cylinder 3 by using an automatic welding machine, wherein in the welding process, the heating device keeps a heating state until the welding is finished, and then the straight pipe section 1 can be welded;
step six: and welding the welded straight pipe section 1 and the two cast cambered surface sections 2 into a whole.
Before the first step, trimming four side edges of the metal plate by using an edge trimmer or an edge trimmer to ensure that the four side edges of the metal plate are smooth and flat and have no burrs, wherein connecting strips 5 are arranged on two pairs of side edges of the metal plate, the connecting strips 5 and the metal plate are integrally formed, and the connecting strips 5 can be integrally formed with the metal plate during casting forming or cut and formed during trimming of the metal plate; as shown in fig. 2, when the first step is performed, when the metal plate is rolled, two connecting strips 5 should be ensured to be connected, and the end surface of the rolled cylinder 3 is flat, when the cylinder 3 is rolled and formed, the two connected connecting strips 5 divide the welding seam 4 into two welding seams, and the two welding seams are respectively communicated with the inner wall and the outer wall of the cylinder 3; after the first step is completed, spot welding is carried out on the connecting part of the two connecting strips 5 by workers, welding spots formed by spot welding are distributed along the length direction of the connecting strips 5, and during spot welding, the workers hold the welding machine by hands to carry out electric welding processing from the outer side of the cylinder 3.
When step two and step three go on, when hoisting drum 3 to weldment work platform tentatively, should avoid drum 3 and place the heating device direct contact on the weldment work platform, avoid drum 3 to cause rolling to heating device, ensure heating device's safety in utilization, place back on the weldment work platform at drum 3 stability, drive drum 3 rotates, make welding seam 4 that sets up on drum 3 can be vertical to set up down, then control heating device's actual work height by the staff, make heating device can laminate with the outer wall of drum 3, and make heating device can dock with welding seam 4.
When the fourth step is carried out, firstly, a plurality of movable plates are laid on the inner side of the cylinder 3, each movable plate is made of high-temperature-resistant silica gel, an anti-sticking coating is coated on the surface of each movable plate, the width of each movable plate is 40-55cm, each movable plate is uniformly distributed on the left side and the right side of the welding seam 4, and the movable plates on the same side of the welding seam 4 are distributed along the length direction of the welding seam 4; during heating, the working temperature of the heating device is firstly increased to 200 ℃, then the temperature detector is used for detecting the temperature on the peripheral side of the welding seam 4 until the temperature on the peripheral side of the welding seam 4 is increased to 150-.
Before the fifth step, placing baffles on the left side and the right side of the welding seam 4, enabling the distance between the side baffles and the side edge of the welding seam 4 to be 2-5cm, enabling the height of the side baffles to be 20cm, firstly utilizing an automatic welding machine to carry out submerged arc welding on the welding seam communicated with the inner wall of the cylinder 3, when welding the welding seam communicated with the inner wall of the cylinder 3, utilizing a dust collector held by a worker to carry out dust collection on the peripheral side of the automatic welding machine, controlling the cylinder 3 to rotate for 45 degrees after the welding seam communicated with the inner wall of the cylinder 3 is welded, enabling the outer side of the welding seam 4 to be obliquely downwards arranged, enabling the welding seam 4 to be separated from a welding workbench, then taking out a heating device positioned below the cylinder 3, placing the heating device on the inner wall of the cylinder 3, enabling the heating device to be abutted against the left side and the right side of the welding seam 4, and utilizing one end of a, and the other end of the telescopic rod is abutted against the inner wall of the cylinder 3, and finally, the welding seam communicated with the outer wall of the cylinder 3 is subjected to submerged arc welding by utilizing automatic welding.
And sixthly, post-processing the straight pipe section 1, wherein the post-processing comprises welding line inspection, strength testing, heat treatment and paint baking, and after the heat treatment is finished, the straight pipe section 1 and the two cambered surface sections 2 are welded into a whole.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the difference from the first embodiment is that, when the drum 3 is rolled in the first step, two connecting strips 5 are butted, and butted sides of the two connecting strips 5 are overlapped with each other, then a plurality of positioning pins 6 are inserted into the side walls of the two drums 3, each positioning pin 6 is arranged along the length direction of the welding seam 4, and each positioning pin 6 penetrates through the two connecting strips 5; the positioning pin 6 is a countersunk pin.
Compared with the first embodiment, the positioning pin 6 can replace spot welding to fixedly connect the two connecting strips 5, and the efficiency is higher and more convenient.
A welding workbench used for the welding workbench comprises a workbench 7 and rotating rollers 71 symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the workbench 7, wherein the axis of each rotating roller 71 is arranged along the length direction of the workbench 7; the two rotating rollers 71 are linked by the turbine link mechanism 73, one end of the workbench 7 is further provided with a first motor 731 for driving the turbine link mechanism 73 to work, and the first motor 731, the driving shaft, the first gear and the second gear are matched to drive the rotating rollers 71 to rotate in the same direction and synchronously, so that the rotating rollers 71 can actively drive the cylinder 3 to rotate.
The middle position of the workbench 7 is provided with a plurality of turbine elevators 72, each turbine elevator 72 is arranged along the length direction of the workbench 7, the lifting shaft of each turbine elevator 72 is vertically arranged, the rotating shaft of each turbine elevator 72 is horizontally and coaxially arranged, the rotating shafts of each turbine elevator 72 are connected into a whole by a connecting rod 723, the workbench 7 is further provided with a second motor 722 for driving the rotating shaft of the turbine elevator 72 to rotate, wherein the workbench 7 is further provided with a lifting plate 721, the lifting plate 721 is arranged along the length direction of the workbench 7, the lower surface of the lifting plate 721 is connected with the lifting shaft of each turbine elevator 72, so that the lifting plate 721 can be driven by each turbine elevator 72 to lift up and down, and the lifting plate 721 is used for placing a heating device.
Wherein, the heating device can be arranged as an electric hot plate.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.