CN111632326A - Thermal runaway detection device and application thereof - Google Patents
Thermal runaway detection device and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111632326A CN111632326A CN202010523107.XA CN202010523107A CN111632326A CN 111632326 A CN111632326 A CN 111632326A CN 202010523107 A CN202010523107 A CN 202010523107A CN 111632326 A CN111632326 A CN 111632326A
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- solid propellant
- composite solid
- thermal runaway
- metal pipe
- fire extinguishing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
- A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
- A62C37/10—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released
- A62C37/11—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
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- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire fighting, and particularly relates to a thermal runaway detection device which comprises a metal pipe, a filter block and a composite solid propellant; the metal pipe is of a cylindrical structure with an opening at one end and is used for loading the composite solid propellant and the filter block, an elastic cover is arranged on the opening of the cylindrical structure, and the elastic cover is elastically opened out of the metal pipe from a state of closing the opening of the metal pipe under the impact of gas pressure; the composite solid propellant is loaded at the bottom of the metal pipe; the filter block is loaded on the upper part of the composite solid propellant and is used for filtering residues generated when the composite solid propellant is decomposed; the temperature sensitive component in the composite solid propellant is dihydroxy glyoxime, and the content of the dihydroxy glyoxime in the composite solid propellant is 20-50% by mass percent. The device can be used for fire detection alone or as a basic element of a fire alarm, a medium driving power device or a triggering device of a fire automatic fire extinguishing system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire fighting, and particularly relates to a thermal runaway detection device and application thereof.
Background
Fire detectors in the field of fire fighting are classified into five major categories, namely smoke sensing, temperature sensing, light sensing, gas sensing and combination, according to the technical use types. The temperature sensing may be a heat-sensitive metal, a bimetal, a semiconductor, a thermocouple, a glass ball, a fusible alloy, a mercury contact, a capsule, or the like. All temperature sensing devices are only used as trigger sources of the device for driving the fire extinguishing medium, and the fire extinguishing medium can be driven by a pump or high-pressure gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and the like).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thermal runaway detector, which takes a composite solid propellant with a temperature sensing decomposition function as a main medium, wherein the composite solid propellant is a temperature sensing element and a gas generating element used for fire control, and gas generated by the composite solid propellant can also be used as a power source of a fire alarm system, an automatic fire extinguishing system and a pneumatic fire extinguishing triggering system, so that the thermal runaway detector can be independently used for thermal detection in the fire control field and also can be used as a basic device of the fire alarm system, the automatic fire extinguishing system and the pneumatic fire extinguishing triggering system.
The invention has the technical scheme that the thermal runaway detection device comprises a metal pipe, a filter block and a composite solid propellant; the metal pipe is of a cylindrical structure with one open end and is used for loading the composite solid propellant and the filter block; the opening of the cylindrical structure is provided with an elastic cover which is elastically opened out of the metal pipe from a state of being closed at the opening of the metal pipe under the impact of gas pressure; the composite solid propellant is loaded at the bottom of the metal pipe; the filter block is loaded on the upper part of the composite solid propellant and is used for filtering residues generated when the composite solid propellant is decomposed; the composite solid propellant consists of an adhesive, a curing agent, an oxidant and a temperature sensitive component, and is decomposed when the ambient temperature reaches the corresponding temperature range of the temperature sensitive component.
The device of the invention realizes fire detection by utilizing the characteristic that the composite solid propellant is decomposed to generate gas at a specific temperature, wherein the composite solid propellant is a temperature sensing element and a gas generating element, and the generated gas forms enough pressure in the metal pipe to instantly impact the elastic cover at the opening part of the metal pipe, thereby being observed and detected.
Compared with the device in the prior art, the device does not need to be started and supported by power and a power supply, and solves the problems of fire detection or environmental temperature discovery under the condition of power failure in a fire scene: in case of fire, power failure may occur first or before, and the conventional devices in the fire sensing system, such as pressure sensor, alarm, smoke sensor, etc., are started under the premise of normal power, while the device of the present invention can be started without power.
Furthermore, the adhesive in the composite solid propellant is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and/or carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene, and the content of the adhesive in the composite solid propellant is 20-50% by mass percent; the curing agent in the composite solid propellant is toluene diisocyanate or/and isophorone diisocyanate, and the content of the curing agent in the composite solid propellant is 0.5-5% by mass percent; the oxidizer in the composite solid propellant is ammonium perchlorate or/and ammonium nitrate, and the content of the oxidizer in the composite solid propellant is 20-50% by mass percent; the temperature sensitive component in the composite solid propellant is dihydroxy glyoxime, and the content of the dihydroxy glyoxime in the composite solid propellant is 20-50% by mass percent.
The composite solid propellant is decomposed after reaching the response temperature of the temperature sensitive component dihydroxy glyoxime, and an air source driving force is provided, so the thermal decomposition temperature of the composite solid propellant is the temperature threshold value for thermal runaway detection of the device, and the thermal decomposition temperature of the composite solid propellant is 90-200 ℃, so the thermal runaway detection temperature threshold value is 90-200 ℃.
Furthermore, the dosage of the composite solid propellant is 1-10 g, the composite solid propellant is cuboid or cylindrical, and the outer peripheral dimension of the composite solid propellant is smaller than the inner peripheral dimension of the metal tube.
Further, the metal pipe is made of any one of copper, copper alloy and stainless steel.
The metal tube has good temperature conductivity, can timely and quickly transfer the ambient temperature to the composite solid propellant in the metal tube, and realizes that the temperature sensitive component in the composite solid propellant can timely obtain and respond to the ambient temperature to trigger the composite solid propellant to decompose.
Further, the metal tube is one of a cylinder, a square cylinder or a polygonal cylinder; when the metal tube is a cylinder, the inner diameter is 4-10 mm, and the outer diameter is 6-12 mm.
The amount of the composite solid propellant is matched with the design of the small-diameter metal pipe, so that enough gas impulse force and pressure can be generated at the moment of decomposition, and enough power sources are provided for the effective detection of the thermal runaway detection device, the fire detection of other fire extinguishing systems and the implementation of fire suppression by driving fire extinguishing media in the fire extinguishing systems.
Furthermore, the filter block is of a pore structure made of metal wires or metal balls, the preparation process is pressing or sintering, the porosity of the filter block is 40% -80%, and the size and the shape of the outer periphery of the filter block are matched with those of the inner periphery of the metal pipe.
The invention also provides a fire alarm system, which comprises the thermal runaway detection device, a sealed pipeline, a pressure transmitter, a controller and an alarm; the opening of the metal pipe in the thermal runaway detection device is connected with a sealed pipeline, the sealed pipeline is connected with a pressure transmitter, the pressure transmitter is connected with a controller, and the controller is connected with an alarm.
The invention also provides an automatic fire extinguishing system, which comprises the thermal runaway detection device, a sealing pipeline, a storage tank for storing fire extinguishing medium and a spraying device, wherein an opening of a metal pipe in the thermal runaway detection device is connected with the fire extinguishing medium storage tank through the sealing pipeline, and the fire extinguishing medium storage tank is connected with the spraying device.
Furthermore, the fire extinguishing medium storage tank in the automatic fire extinguishing system comprises a pneumatic driving device for fire extinguishing medium, an opening of the metal pipe in the thermal runaway detection device is connected with the pneumatic driving device for the fire extinguishing medium, and the fire extinguishing medium storage tank is connected with the spraying device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the device has simple structure and principle, namely the composite solid propellant senses the temperature change of a fire scene to reach the decomposition temperature of the composite solid propellant, an alarm temperature threshold value is formed, and fire detection is realized;
(2) the device has a compact structure, namely, the composite solid propellant is only needed to be placed into a closed pipeline, the pipeline is made of metal with high heat conduction speed, the ambient temperature is quickly conducted to the composite solid propellant, and when the temperature reaches the thermal decomposition temperature of 90-200 ℃ or above, the composite solid propellant is decomposed to generate gas;
(3) the device structure has the characteristic of wide application range of environmental temperature, namely the composite solid propellant can realize wide storage temperature in the environment without fire, namely the environmental temperature can be-60 ℃ to +80 ℃;
(4) the device of the invention has wide application range, can be used as a basic device of a fire alarm system, an automatic fire extinguishing system and a pneumatic fire extinguishing triggering system, and realizes the normal-pressure storage of the fire extinguishing system, namely, the fire extinguishing system detection module, the fire extinguishing medium storage module and the spraying module are all stored at normal pressure.
The invention utilizes the characteristic that the composite solid propellant decomposes to generate gas at a specific temperature to detect thermal runaway of a specific place, the composite solid propellant decomposes to generate gas, and the gas can be a power source for driving the fire extinguishing agent and can also be a trigger source of a device for driving the fire extinguishing agent. The system has the characteristics of simple principle, compact structure, wide adaptive environment temperature range and realization of normal pressure storage of the fire extinguishing system, and provides a thermal runaway early warning and self-starting solution for the electroless fire extinguishing system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal runaway detector in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fire alarm system based on a thermal runaway detection device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an automatic fire extinguishing system based on a thermal runaway detection device according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pneumatic fire extinguishing triggering system based on a thermal runaway detection device in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art.
Example 1
A thermal runaway detection device is structurally shown in figure 1 and comprises a metal pipe 11, a filter block 12 and a composite solid propellant 13; the metal pipe 11 is of a cylindrical structure with one open end and is used for loading the composite solid propellant 13 and the filter block 12; the spring cover springs open towards the outside of the metal tube 11 from a state that the opening of the metal tube 11 is closed under the impact of gas pressure; the composite solid propellant 13 is loaded at the bottom of the metal tube 11; the filter block 12 is loaded on the upper part of the composite solid propellant 13 and is used for filtering residues generated when the composite solid propellant 13 is decomposed; the composite solid propellant 13 is composed of a binder, a curing agent, an oxidizer, and a temperature sensitive component, and is decomposed when the ambient temperature reaches a corresponding temperature range of the temperature sensitive component. The specific and preferred design of each part is as follows:
the adhesive in the composite solid propellant 13 is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and/or carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene, and the content of the adhesive in the composite solid propellant is 20-50% by mass percent; the curing agent is toluene diisocyanate or/and isophorone diisocyanate, and the content of the curing agent in the composite solid propellant is 0.5-5% by mass percent; the oxidizer is ammonium perchlorate or/and ammonium nitrate, and the content of the oxidizer in the composite solid propellant is 20 to 50 percent by mass percent; the temperature sensitive component is dihydroxy glyoxime, and the content of the dihydroxy glyoxime in the composite solid propellant is 20-50 percent by mass percent.
The using amount of the composite solid propellant 13 is 1-10 g, the composite solid propellant is cuboid or cylindrical, and the diameter of an external circle or the external diameter of the composite solid propellant is smaller than the diameter of an internal circle or an internal circle of the metal tube 11.
The metal tube 11 is made of any one of copper, copper alloy and stainless steel; the metal tube 11 is one of a cylinder, a square cylinder or a polygonal cylinder; when the metal tube 11 is a cylinder, its inner diameter is 4-10 mm and its outer diameter is 6-12 mm.
The simple and preferable design is that the square composite solid propellant tablet is filled into a round metal pipe, or the granular composite solid propellant is arranged in the metal pipe, namely, a gas escape channel is arranged between the composite solid propellant and the metal pipe in a non-filled or dead-filled state, so that gas generated when the composite solid propellant is decomposed escapes from the channel or a gap and is flushed out from the opening of the metal pipe through the filter block. Therefore, the filter block 12 is of a pore structure made of metal wires or metal balls, the preparation process is pressing or sintering, the porosity of the filter block 12 is 40% -80%, and the size and shape of the outer periphery of the filter block are matched with the inner periphery of the metal pipe, so that generated gas can smoothly escape, and solid medicine dregs decomposed by the composite solid propellant can be filtered.
Example 2
A fire alarm system comprises the thermal runaway detection device of embodiment 1, the structure of which is shown in figure 2, and the system also comprises a sealed pipeline, a pressure transmitter, a controller and an alarm; the opening of a metal pipe in the thermal runaway detection device is connected with a sealed pipe network, the sealed pipe network is connected with a pressure transmitter, the pressure transmitter is connected with a controller, and the controller is connected with an alarm. When the ambient temperature rises to 90-200 ℃, the composite solid propellant is decomposed to generate gas, the gas generates pressure in the closed pipe network, a pressure signal is converted into an electric signal through the pressure transmitter, the controller receives the electric signal, the controller logically judges the received electric signal into a fire alarm signal, the electric signal is output to the alarm, and the alarm reminds personnel of a fire.
Example 3
An automatic fire extinguishing system comprises a thermal runaway detection device in an embodiment 1, the structure of the system is shown in figure 3, the system further comprises a sealing pipeline 2, a fire extinguishing medium storage tank 1 and a spraying device 3, an opening of a metal pipe 11 in the thermal runaway detection device is connected with the fire extinguishing medium storage tank 1 through the sealing pipeline, the fire extinguishing medium storage tank 1 is connected with the spraying device 3, the thermal runaway detection device in the system serves as a power source for driving a fire extinguishing medium, the opening of the metal pipe of the thermal runaway detection device is connected with a closed pipe network, the closed pipe network is connected with the fire extinguishing medium storage tank 1, when the ambient temperature rises to 90-200 ℃, a composite solid propellant is decomposed to generate gas, and the gas enters the fire extinguishing medium through the closed pipe network fire extinguishing medium storage tank 1 to drive the fire extinguishing medium to intervene a fire.
Example 4
A pneumatic triggered automatic fire extinguishing system is optimized by the structure of embodiment 3, the structure is shown in figure 4, wherein a fire extinguishing medium storage tank 1 comprises a pneumatic driving device 5 of fire extinguishing medium, namely, an opening of a metal pipe 11 in a thermal runaway detection device is connected with the pneumatic driving device 5 of the fire extinguishing medium, the fire extinguishing medium storage tank 1 is connected with a spraying device 3, and the thermal runaway detection device is used as a trigger source of a device for driving the fire extinguishing medium: the opening of a metal pipe of the thermal runaway detection device is connected with a closed pipe network, the closed pipe network is connected with a pneumatic driving device 5 of a fire extinguishing medium, when the ambient temperature rises to 90-200 ℃, the ambient temperature transmits the temperature to the composite solid propellant through the metal pipe, the composite solid propellant decomposes to generate gas, the gas triggers the device 5 of the fire extinguishing medium, the device 5 of the fire extinguishing medium can be a pressure storage device (such as storing nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and the like) or a non-pressure storage device (such as utilizing the composite solid propellant to generate gas, storing at normal pressure and generating gas after triggering), and the driven fire extinguishing medium intervenes in a fire disaster through a spraying device 3.
The foregoing examples are provided by way of illustration of embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof, as other forms may be utilized. Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A thermal runaway detection device is characterized by comprising a metal pipe (11), a filter block (12) and a composite solid propellant (13);
the metal pipe (11) is of a cylindrical structure with one open end and is used for loading the composite solid propellant (13) and the filter block (12); the opening of the metal tube is provided with a spring cover which springs open towards the outside of the metal tube (11) from a state of closing the opening of the metal tube (11) under the impact of gas pressure;
the composite solid propellant (13) is loaded at the bottom of the metal pipe (11); the filter block (12) is loaded on the upper part of the composite solid propellant (13) and is used for filtering residues generated when the composite solid propellant (13) is decomposed;
the composite solid propellant (13) is composed of a bonding agent, a curing agent, an oxidizing agent and a temperature sensitive component, and is decomposed when the ambient temperature reaches the sensing temperature range of the temperature sensitive component.
2. The thermal runaway detector of claim 1, wherein:
the adhesive in the composite solid propellant (13) is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and/or carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene, and the content of the adhesive in the composite solid propellant is 20-50% by mass percent;
the curing agent in the composite solid propellant (13) is toluene diisocyanate or/and isophorone diisocyanate, and the content of the curing agent in the composite solid propellant is 0.5-5% by mass percent;
the oxidizer in the composite solid propellant (13) is ammonium perchlorate or/and ammonium nitrate, and the content of the oxidizer in the composite solid propellant is 20-50% by mass percent;
the temperature sensitive component in the composite solid propellant (13) is dihydroxy glyoxime, and the content of the dihydroxy glyoxime in the composite solid propellant is 20-50% by mass percent.
3. The thermal runaway detector of claim 2, wherein: the amount of the composite solid propellant (13) is 1-10 g, the composite solid propellant is cuboid or cylindrical, and the outer peripheral size of the composite solid propellant is smaller than the inner peripheral size of the metal tube (11).
4. The thermal runaway detector of claim 1, wherein: the metal pipe (11) is made of any one of copper, copper alloy and stainless steel.
5. The thermal runaway detector of claim 1, wherein: the metal pipes (11) and (11) are one of cylinders, square cylinders or polygonal cylinders; when the metal tube (11) is a cylinder, the inner diameter is 4-10 mm and the outer diameter is 6-12 mm.
6. The thermal runaway detector of claim 1, wherein: the filter block (12) is of a pore structure made of metal wires or metal balls, the preparation process is pressing or sintering, the porosity of the filter block (12) is 40% -80%, and the size and shape of the outer periphery of the filter block are matched with those of the inner periphery of the metal pipe.
7. A fire alarm system comprising a thermal runaway detection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a sealed conduit, a pressure transmitter, a controller and an alarm;
the opening of a metal pipe (11) in the thermal runaway detection device is connected with a sealed pipeline, the sealed pipeline is connected with a pressure transmitter, the pressure transmitter is connected with a controller, and the controller is connected with an alarm.
8. An automatic fire extinguishing system, characterized in that, it includes the thermal runaway detection device of any one of claims 1-6, and also includes sealed pipeline (2), fire extinguishing medium storage tank (1), sprinkler (3), the opening of metal pipe (11) in the thermal runaway detection device is connected with fire extinguishing medium storage tank (1) through sealed pipeline, and fire extinguishing medium storage tank (1) is connected with sprinkler (3).
9. Automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 8, characterised in that the extinguishing medium tank (1) comprises a pneumatic drive (5) for the extinguishing medium, the opening of the metal pipe (11) in the thermal runaway detection device being connected to the pneumatic drive (5) for the extinguishing medium, the other opening of the extinguishing medium tank (1) being connected to the sprinkler device (3).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010523107.XA CN111632326B (en) | 2020-06-10 | 2020-06-10 | Thermal runaway detection device and application thereof |
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| CN202010523107.XA CN111632326B (en) | 2020-06-10 | 2020-06-10 | Thermal runaway detection device and application thereof |
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| CN111632326B (en) | 2021-08-03 |
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