CN111625877B - Method for improving atmospheric pollution prediction accuracy based on CAD contour lines - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric environment protection, in particular to a method for improving atmospheric pollution prediction accuracy based on CAD contour lines. It comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring a required CAD vector contour map; s2, converting the CAD vector contour map into a DEM data map, and S3, determining a terrain range according to the obtained DEM data. By converting the CAD vector contour map into the DEM data map, the method is more accurate than the DEM data map directly downloaded from the website, because the accuracy of the downloaded DEM data is 90m, and the accuracy of the conversion of the CAD map can reach 20m, 10m or even higher; secondly, rasterizing is firstly carried out during conversion, and then the rasterized grid is divided into four cases to calculate, so that the accuracy of the obtained DEM data graph is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric environment protection, in particular to a method for improving atmospheric pollution prediction accuracy based on CAD contour lines.
Background
The air pollution prediction generally needs DEM data, and the prior art generally downloads the 90m DEM data through a professional website, and the DEM data has lower precision, so that the actual topography, particularly the complex topography, cannot be better reflected; it is also common practice that the terrain range is equal to or slightly larger than the atmosphere evaluation range, and the mountain control of digital terrain in the model is highly susceptible to the boundary around the defined terrain range, especially under complex terrain conditions, thereby resulting in reduced accuracy in the prediction of atmospheric environmental impact, while determining a reasonable terrain range can reduce or even eliminate such boundary impact.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method for improving the atmospheric pollution prediction accuracy based on the CAD contour line is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for improving the accuracy of atmospheric pollution prediction based on CAD contour lines comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a required CAD vector contour map;
s2, converting the CAD vector contour map into a DEM data map, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
s21, rasterizing the CAD vector contour map;
s22, traversing all grids, and identifying the passing condition of the contour lines of all grids, wherein the passing condition comprises a grid penetrated by 0 contour lines, a grid penetrated by 1 contour line and a grid penetrated by 2 or more contour lines, and the passing condition comprises the following steps:
for a grid penetrated by 1 contour line, assigning the contour line elevation value in the grid to obtain the elevation value of the grid;
for a grid penetrated by 2 or more than 2 contour lines, calculating to obtain the elevation value of the grid according to different weights of each contour line in the grid;
judging whether the grid penetrated by 0 contour lines is surrounded by a closed contour line or not, and if the closed contour line does not have other contour lines, calculating the elevation value of the grid according to the elevation value of the grid except for and at which the closed line surrounding the grid is positioned; if not, calculating to obtain the elevation value of the grid according to the elevation value of the grids around the grid;
s23, combining the elevation values of each grid obtained in the step S22 to obtain a DEM data diagram;
s3, determining the terrain range according to the obtained DEM data.
Preferably, in step S22, for a grid traversed by 2 or more contour lines, the method specifically includes the steps of:
let the area of each grid be S, the contour line passing through the gridIs L 1 、L 2 ......L i Its corresponding elevation value is Z 1 、Z 2 ......Z i Corresponding to the area surrounded by the grids being S 1 、S 2 ......S i And S is 1 、S 2 ......S i Are all smaller than or equal to
The final elevation value of the grid is obtained as follows:
Preferably, for a grid crossed by 0 contour lines in step S22, and surrounded by a closed contour line, and no other contour line is arranged inside the closed contour line, the specific steps include: n/2 assigned grid data are respectively taken from the left side and the right side of all grids which are connected in parallel and have no contour lines in the X direction in the closed contour line range, and a quadratic function on a vertical Y-axis plane is fitted by adopting a least square method
And (3) obtaining coefficients of the quadratic functions by adopting a matrix method, and calculating the elevation value of the non-contour grid in the closed contour according to each quadratic function.
Preferably, in step S22, for a grid penetrated by 0 contour lines and not surrounded by a closed contour line or surrounded by a closed contour line, but other contour lines exist inside the closed contour line, the method specifically comprises the following steps: searching the eight-direction grids around the grids without the contour crossing, judging whether two or more different non-zero elevation values exist, if not, continuing to expand outwards for one circle, ending the outward expansion search until the two or more different non-zero elevation values appear, and obtaining the elevation values of the grids to be calculated by adopting an inverse distance weighted average method for all the grids with the elevation values.
Preferably, the step S3 specifically includes the steps of:
s31, after DEM data are obtained, taking elevation values of all grid center points as initial mountain control heights;
s32, calculating mountain control height h of center point of terrain grid in evaluation range c1 ；
S33, expanding a grid from the terrain grid in the evaluation range to the outside of the evaluation range, calculating the mountain control height of the central point of each expanded grid, and extracting the mountain control height h of the central point of the terrain grid in the evaluation range c2 ；
S34, repeating the step S33 until the outermost circle of grids, and extracting the mountain control height h of the center point of the topographic grid in the evaluation range cn ；
S35, after the calculation is completed, h is calculated c2 、h c3 、…、h cn And h c1 Subtracting and taking absolute value, i.e. |h c2 -h c1 |、|h c3 -h c1 |、…、|h cn -h c1 I (I); and establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the serial number as an X axis and the absolute difference as a Y axis, and marking the set precision value y=epsilon on the coordinate system. If all absolute differences are smaller than epsilon, selecting the existing evaluation range; if the situation that the number is larger than epsilon exists, taking the maximum number X corresponding to the situation that Y is equal to epsilon or the maximum number X corresponding to the first value that Y is smaller than epsilon, and selecting the terrain range corresponding to the number X as an evaluation range.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the following advantages: firstly, by converting the CAD vector contour map into the DEM data map, the method is more accurate than the DEM data map directly downloaded from a website, because the accuracy of the downloaded DEM data is 90m, and the accuracy of the conversion of the CAD map can reach 20m, 10m or even higher; secondly, rasterizing is firstly carried out during conversion, and then the rasterized grid is divided into four cases to calculate, so that the accuracy of the obtained DEM data graph is higher.
The elevation values of the grids penetrated by the plurality of contour lines are calculated by an area weight method, so that the calculated result is more accurate, can reflect steep terrain and is closer to reality.
The elevation value of the grids without the contour crossing and with contour lines with different elevations on the periphery is calculated by adopting an eight-direction grid method and an inverse distance weighted average method, so that the accuracy of the calculated result is higher.
The method adopts a least square fitting quadratic function method to calculate the elevation value of the grid which is enclosed by the closed contour line and has no contour line crossing, thus effectively preventing the situations of flat mountain tops and sharp mountain tops and ensuring the DEM data to be more accurate.
The mountain control height of the grid center point in each externally expanded evaluation range is calculated by gradually expanding the terrain range, the absolute value of the difference value between the mountain control height and the first mountain control height is taken, and the reasonable terrain range is determined by adopting a mapping method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a quadratic function fit mountain top.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of geographic scope determination.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below by way of the following embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
First embodiment: a method for improving the accuracy of atmospheric pollution prediction based on CAD contour lines firstly obtains a CAD vector contour map which takes a project as a center and a certain area around the project as a square, and the side length is generally 2-4 times of the evaluation range; according to the atmospheric guidelines, the evaluation range is set at the beginning, generally at least 5×5km, and this CAD vector contour map is directly available, so it belongs to the prior art and is not developed in detail here;
the obtained CAD vector contour map is firstly rasterized, specifically, the size of each grid can be set according to actual needs, a rasterized map is obtained, and the resolution of the grids is d multiplied by d (10 m multiplied by 10m, 20m multiplied by 20m and the like are determined according to the required precision); defining the lower left corner of the evaluation range as an origin of coordinates (0, 0), and numbering each grid as the lower left corner coordinates (x, y), wherein the grid center point coordinates are
Searching all grids, there are four cases:
(1) 1 grid crossed by contour lines;
(2) 2 or more grids traversed by the contour lines;
(3) A grid without contour crossing, wherein contour lines with different heights are arranged on the periphery of the grid;
(4) And a grid without contour crossing, which is enclosed by the closed contour, and the closed contour has no other contour inside, namely is equivalent to a mountain top.
Firstly, selecting a grid with only one contour line in the grid, and assigning the elevation value of the contour line in the grid to the grid;
then, a grid with two or more than two contour lines in the grid is selected, the area of each grid is S, and the contour line passing through the grid is L 1 、L 2 ......L i Its corresponding elevation value is Z 1 、Z 2 ......Z i Corresponding to the area surrounded by the grids being S 1 、S 2 ......S i And S is 1 、S 2 ......S i Are all smaller than or equal to
I.e. < ->
The final elevation value of the grid is obtained as follows:
For a grid without contour crossing but with contour lines with different heights on the periphery, calculating the elevation value of the grid according to the elevation values of the surrounding grids; searching eight-direction grids (adjacent to the direction of the Chinese character 'mi') around the grids without the contour crossing, judging whether two or more different non-zero elevation values exist, if not, continuing to expand outwards for one circle, ending the outwards expanding search until the two or more different non-zero elevation values appear, wherein the number of the search grids is
And (3) adopting an inverse distance weighted average method for all grids with elevation values to obtain the elevation values of the grids to be calculated. The basic idea of the "inverse distance weighted average method", also called N-P method, is that the closer the distance from the calculated grid center point is, the larger the influence of the grid center point on it is, the smaller the influence is, and even the influence can be considered to be no. The extent of the influence is inversely proportional to the distance between them.
Is provided with an elevation grid center point coordinate as
Elevation z i I=1, 2, … n, the interpolation function of reciprocal distance weighted interpolation is +.>
Wherein,,
is->
Point to->
The distance of the points, i=1, 2, …, n. p is a constant greater than 0, which is a weighted power exponent, taken as 2.
For a grid surrounded by closed contour lines (no other contour lines in the interior) and not traversed by the contour lines, calculating the elevation value of the internal grid according to the elevation values of the grids at and beyond the closed line; and calculating the grid elevation of the grid in the closed contour line by adopting a least square fitting quadratic function method. For a grid within a closed contour, only one contour can be found, and only one value can be given, which is equal to the elevation value of the closed contour, so that a 'flat mountain top' phenomenon is generated. At this time, N/2 assigned raster data are respectively taken from the left side and the right side of all parallel non-contour grids in the X direction in a closed range, and the most adopted isFitting a quadratic function on a vertical Y-axis plane by a square method
The coefficients (a) of the quadratic function are obtained by a matrix method 0 ,a 1 ,a 2 ) Thereby deriving a quadratic function. And calculating the elevation of the non-contour grid in the closed contour according to each quadratic function. The method comprises the following steps:
the known data point is (x i ,z i ) I=1, 2,..n, using a quadratic function
As an approximate fit curve, the sum of the squares of the errors is minimized, i.e. +.>
The equation obtained by the extremum solving method is as follows
Thereby determining a determination coefficient (a 0 ,a 1 ,a 2 ) And fitting a quadratic function. N is an even number and typically 4. As shown in fig. 2.
And then combining the obtained elevation values of each grid to obtain DEM data.
After DEM data is obtained, the height of the initial mountain is controlled by taking the elevation values of all grid center points as initial mountain bodies.
Firstly, calculating mountain control height h of a terrain grid central point in an evaluation range c1 。
Expanding a grid from the terrain grid in the evaluation range to the outside of the evaluation range, calculating the mountain control height of the central point of each expanded grid, and extracting the mountain control height h of the central point of the terrain grid in the evaluation range c2 。
Repeating the previous step until the outermost ring of grids, and extracting the mountain control height h of the center point of the topographic grid in the evaluation range cn 。
Handle h after calculation is completed c2 、h c3 …h cn And h c1 Subtracting and taking absolute value, i.e. |h c2 -h c1 |、|h c3 -h c1 |…|h cn -h c1 | a. The invention relates to a method for producing a fibre-reinforced plastic composite. And establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the serial number as an X axis and the absolute difference as a Y axis, and marking the set precision value epsilon on the coordinate system (a straight line parallel to the X axis, Y=epsilon). If all absolute differences are smaller than epsilon, the model is flat terrain, and the terrain range is slightly larger than the evaluation range; if the situation that the number is larger than epsilon appears, the maximum sequence number Xn corresponding to the situation that Y is equal to epsilon or the maximum sequence number Xn corresponding to the first value that Y is smaller than epsilon is taken, and the terrain range corresponding to the sequence number Xn is a relatively reasonable terrain range, as shown in figure 3. And the elevation value of each grid central point in the range is extracted for the atmospheric prediction model, so that the atmospheric prediction result is accurate.
The mountain control height calculation of the receptor calls the aeromap program of EPA, which is defined as the mountain height around the predicted point which can influence the flow field of the receptor, and the internal processing process is as follows: firstly, taking the altitude of the position of a receptor as an initial value of mountain control height, then calculating the distance and the height difference between the receptor and each grid center point in a topographic data file, if the gradient of the receptor and a certain grid center point is more than or equal to 10%, comparing the central point altitude with the mountain control height of the receptor, taking the large value as the new mountain control height of the receptor, and repeating the above operation until the grid center point of the whole part is processed. And then transmitting the mountain control height to the aeromap for calculating critical shunt height and smoke plume weight parameters, so that the calculation result of aeromod on the predicted concentration is influenced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications may be made to the techniques described in the foregoing embodiments, or that equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for improving the atmospheric pollution prediction accuracy based on the CAD contour line is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, acquiring a required CAD vector contour map;
s2, converting the CAD vector contour map into a DEM data map, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
s21, rasterizing the CAD vector contour map;
s22, traversing all grids, and identifying the passing condition of the contour lines of all grids, wherein the passing condition comprises a grid penetrated by 0 contour lines, a grid penetrated by 1 contour line and a grid penetrated by 2 or more contour lines, and the passing condition comprises the following steps:
for a grid penetrated by 1 contour line, assigning the contour line elevation value in the grid to obtain the elevation value of the grid;
for a grid penetrated by 2 or more than 2 contour lines, calculating to obtain the elevation value of the grid according to different weights of each contour line in the grid;
judging whether the grid penetrated by 0 contour lines is surrounded by a closed contour line or not, and if the closed contour line does not have other contour lines, calculating the elevation value of the grid according to the elevation value of the grid except for and at which the closed line surrounding the grid is positioned; if not, calculating to obtain the elevation value of the grid according to the elevation value of the grids around the grid;
s23, combining the elevation values of each grid obtained in the step S22 to obtain a DEM data diagram;
s3, determining a terrain range according to the obtained DEM data; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, after DEM data are obtained, taking elevation values of all grid center points as initial mountain control heights;
s32, calculating mountain control height h of center point of terrain grid in evaluation range c1 ；
S33, expanding a grid from the terrain grid in the evaluation range to the outside of the evaluation range, and calculating each expanded gridMountain control height of center point, and extracting mountain control height h of center point of topographic grid in evaluation range c2 ；
S34, repeating the step S33 until the outermost circle of grids, and extracting the mountain control height h of the center point of the topographic grid in the evaluation range cn ；
S35, after the calculation is completed, h is calculated c2 、h c3 、···、h cn And h c1 Subtracting and taking absolute value, i.e. |h c2 -h c1 |、|h c3 -h c1 |、···、|h cn -h c1 I (I); establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking a serial number as an X axis and an absolute difference value as a Y axis, and marking a set precision value y=epsilon on the coordinate system; if all absolute differences are smaller than epsilon, selecting the existing evaluation range; if the number is larger than epsilon, the largest number Xn corresponding to the case that Y is equal to epsilon or the largest number Xn corresponding to the first value of Y smaller than epsilon is taken, and the terrain range corresponding to the number Xn is selected as the evaluation range.
2. The method for improving the accuracy of atmospheric pollution prediction based on CAD contour lines according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S22, for a grid crossed by 2 or more contour lines, the method specifically includes the following steps:
let the area of each grid be S and the contour line passing through the grid be L 1 、L 2 ……L i Its corresponding elevation value is Z 1 、Z 2 ......Z i Corresponding to the area surrounded by the grids being S 1 、S 2 ......S i And S is 1 、S 2 ......S i Are all smaller than or equal to
The final elevation value of the grid is obtained as follows:
3. The method according to claim 1A method for improving the accuracy of atmospheric pollution prediction based on CAD contour lines is characterized by comprising the following steps: for a grid crossed by 0 contour lines and surrounded by a closed contour line, and no other contour lines exist inside the closed contour line in step S22, the specific steps include: n/2 assigned grid data are respectively taken from the left side and the right side of all grids which are connected in parallel and have no contour lines in the X direction in the closed contour line range, and a quadratic function Z on a vertical Y-axis plane is fitted by adopting a least square method yi (x)＝a 0 +a 1 x+a 2 x 2 And obtaining coefficients of the quadratic functions by adopting a matrix method, and calculating the elevation value of the non-contour grid in the closed contour according to each quadratic function.
4. The method for improving the accuracy of atmospheric pollution prediction based on CAD contour lines according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S22, for a grid penetrated by 0 contour lines and not surrounded by a closed contour line or surrounded by a closed contour line, but other contour lines exist inside the closed contour line, the method specifically comprises the following steps: searching the eight-direction grids around the grids without the contour crossing, judging whether two or more different non-zero elevation values exist, if not, continuing to expand outwards for one circle, ending the outward expansion search until the two or more different non-zero elevation values appear, and obtaining the elevation values of the grids to be calculated by adopting an inverse distance weighted average method for all the grids with the elevation values.
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