KR101601720B1 - 3D City Modeling System for Transportation Noise Mapping and method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional city modeling system and method for creating a traffic noise map. More specifically, the three-dimensional city modeling system and method for creating a traffic noise map have high precision by combining aviation data calculated by using LiDAR technology with numerical data provided from geographic information system (GIS), and calculating accurate elevation data of traffic and buildings.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a 3D city modeling system and method for creating a traffic noise map,

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional urban modeling system and method for traffic noise mapping, and more particularly, to a system and method for three-dimensional urban modeling for generating traffic noise maps by combining LiDAR-derived air data and numerical data provided by a geographic information system (GIS) The present invention relates to a three-dimensional city modeling system and method for generating a traffic noise map having high accuracy by calculating altitude data.

Recently, the development of geographic information system (GIS) technology has enabled the production of noise maps. For example, Rheinpalzhaus in Germany has been releasing a two-dimensional noise map to the public through the Internet since 2008. The UK uses a two-dimensional noise map with a focus on assessing the harmful effects of noise. Three-dimensional noise map is a field that is competing for the future development of the countries around the world. Since the adoption of standards for noise maps by the EC, studies on noise in many countries have become more active. Recently, each noise expert has combined noise map and visualization GIS technology to make noise maps more accurate and realistic.

However, noise maps using GIS technology use 2D maps and can not guarantee real-time performance. 2D noise maps do not take altitude into consideration. However, as the city became complicated and high buildings were built, 3D noise maps with altitude were needed.

However, there are some problems in the process of making the noise map especially in the formation of the 3D city model. Above all, there is the greatest problem with height such as high altitude and building height rather than urban form. GIS (Geographic Information System) information created in Korea is very sophisticated in its shape, but it is weak in height. In the case of the height of the building, the number of floors of the building is shown, but the actual height is unknown, and no information about the height of the road is shown.

However, the height of the road is very important because it corresponds to the three-dimensional position of the road as the noise source, and the height of the building is also directly related to the height of the sounder when the facade noise map of the building is created Data is needed.

That is, the proposed technique for the conventional noise map production is made using GIS data, so that the shape of the city can be finely produced, but it is difficult to accurately calculate the height of the building or the road.

In particular, the urban modeling for the conventional noise mapping has been modeled by overlaying road information (position, height, etc.) at the height of the ground, but it can not be applied to bridges or overpasses. It was inefficient because it had to go through the process.

In addition, in the urban modeling for the conventional noise mapping, the building is estimated by multiplying the height of one building by the height of one building and estimating the total height, and the building range is vertically oriented and modeled. There is a problem in that an error may occur due to a large height difference per one layer and the height of the building may be measured and used. However, there is a problem that the efficiency becomes poor when the number of Gun mui is large.

In the past, a method of acquiring altitude data required for noise map generation using air data has been proposed. However, the aerial data (LiDAR data) is obtained by connecting the points of X, Y, There is a problem in that an error may occur due to the existence of overlapping areas between buildings and buildings, buildings and land surfaces, roads and roads, roads, bridge piers and overpasses.

Patent Registration No. 10-1190882 (Oct. 8, 2012)

Kim, S., Lee, L., 2008, 3D Road Modeling using LIDAR Data and a Digital Map, Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 2, pp. 165-173. The Korean Earth Science Society, 2009, Earth Science Dictionary (Korean edition), Bookshill, Seoul. Yoon, Y. S., 2006, Object-based classification for building detection using VHR image and Lidar data, Proceedings of the KSRS spring conference, pp. 307-310. Lee, J. Y., 2006, Automated Modification of Irregular Shape of Building Edges Extracted from High Spatial Resolution Satellite Imagery Using Road Direction Information, Proceedings of KSRS spring conference, pp. 173-177. Noise and Vibration Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 23-24, 2001, Vol. . 19, No 10, pp. 1075-1082.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for combining a numerical data provided by a geographic information system with aerial data acquired by a LiDAR method, And to provide a three-dimensional city modeling system and method for generating a traffic noise map that can be calculated.

The present invention includes the following embodiments in order to achieve the above object.

A preferred embodiment according to the present invention is an air navigation system comprising an aviation DB for storing aviation data storing aviation data; Type information including the type of building acquired from the geographic information system, whether it is for residential or office use, general housing, whether it is a building or a building, building information including the number of stories, A numerical value DB for storing numerical data including X, Y and Z coordinate values of the numerical values; A raster unit interpolating the air data output in the form of a point cloud to rasterize the image data into a raster image in the form of a surface; Combining the footprint data stored in the numerical DB with the raster image computed by the raster unit and modeling the building by calculating altitude data in a buffer space generated so as to be spaced by a reference set within the footprint Building modeling part; A road and bridge modeling unit for calculating an end slope value of the road in the raster image and comparing the maximum slope value of the numerical data to correct the error to model the road, the elevated road, the bridge, and the bridge; And a control unit controlling the raster unit to calculate a raster image and controlling the building modeling unit to three-dimensionally model buildings included in the raster image, wherein the road and bridge modeling unit stores the raster image in the numerical DB A slope value calculation module which combines the center line data and calculates an end slope value based on the coordinate value of the center line; And a correction module for comparing the end slope value calculated by the slope value calculation module with the maximum slope value stored in the numerical DB and correcting the slope value based on the slope value of the adjacent coordinates when the slope value exceeds the maximum slope value, Wherein the building modeling unit comprises: a shape module for combining footprint data stored in the numerical DB into the raster image; A buffer module for generating a buffer space spaced by a reference set in the building footprint; And a computation module for computing and calculating the altitude data in the buffer space.

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Since the present invention uses a combination of aerial data obtained by the LiDAR method and numerical data of a geographic information system (GIS), it is possible to accurately calculate the altitude data required for the noise map to construct a three-dimensional city modeling, There is an effect that can be.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a three-dimensional city modeling system for creating a traffic noise map according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a three-dimensional city modeling method for creating a traffic noise map according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the steps of modeling roads and bridges in a three-dimensional city modeling method for creating a traffic noise map according to the present invention,
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a modeling step of a building in a three-dimensional city modeling method for creating a traffic noise map according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an aerial photograph,
6 is a comparative graph showing slope values measured in the road and bridge modeling steps of the present invention,
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an image displaying the building modeling steps of the present invention in sequence,
8 is a modeling image completed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a three-dimensional city modeling system and method for generating a traffic noise map according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a block diagram illustrating a three-dimensional city modeling system for generating a traffic noise map according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a three-dimensional city modeling system for creating a traffic noise map according to the present invention includes an aviation DB 60 for storing aviation data, a numerical DB 70 for storing numerical data, A building modeling unit 30 for modeling the building using the aviation data and the numerical data, and a building modeling unit 30 for modeling the building using the aviation data and the numerical data, A road and bridge modeling unit 50 for modeling roads and bridges using data, and a control unit for controlling the building modeling unit 30 and the road and bridge modeling unit 50 according to an instruction output from the input unit 10 And a control unit 40.

The aviation DB 60 stores aviation data. Here, the air data is data for analyzing the shape of the pulses reflected on the ground surface and the ground by emitting light from the ground or an aircraft as LiDAR (Light Detection And Raging) method. The aerial data is basically data in the form of points, and includes X, Y, and Z coordinates of the corresponding point, as well as information such as ground, vegetation, building, waterfront space according to the pulse range.

The numerical DB 70 stores numerical data provided by a geographic information system (GIS). For example, the numerical data include the maximum end slope value set in the regulations on the structure and facility standards of the National Road Traffic Ordinance No. 1 Road, the X, Y, and Z coordinate values of the center line of each road, , Type, shape).

The input unit 10 includes a plurality of keys and applies commands to the control unit 40 according to a combination of the keys.

The display 20 outputs modeling information (image, image, data) under the control of the controller 40.

The raster unit 80 generates a raster image by rasterizing the air data expressed as a dot to be expressed as a surface by interpolation. In this case, the raster unit 80 may include DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data processed separately from the aerial data only in the case of the ground, DSM (Digital Surface Model) data including all the data on the building and the ground, ) To generate a raster image representing the coordinates of the X, Y, and Z axes of the structure on the map in the form of a plane.

Here, the DSM data is shown as an example in Fig. 7A. Referring to FIG. 7A, the DSM data includes all the data on the ground, and the building is considered up to the height. Therefore, the DSM data is expressed in darkness and gray (gray) in black depending on the height, as it includes a very low position in the entire map to the height of the building. In fact, it can be expressed not only as black and gray but also as more various colors, which are selected for illustrative purposes among data represented by various colors.

The raster unit 80 senses the DEM data in the DSM data so that the high building can be expressed in a lighter color. An example of such DSM-DEM data is shown in FIG. 7B.

Here, the DSM-DEM data (raster image) is rasterized in the form of a plane in the aviation data expressed in the form of a point, and the structure on the map expressed in black and gray is expressed in the form of a plane as shown in FIG. 7B .

The building modeling unit 30 calculates the altitude data of the building by combining the aerial data and the numerical data to model the building as 3D. The building modeling unit 30 may include a buffer module 31 for generating a buffer space of a predetermined interval in the rasterized raster image, a buffer module 31 for storing the numerical value in the rasterized image rasterized by the raster unit 80, A shape module 32 for combining the footprint data stored in the DB 70 with the raster image and an operation module 33 for calculating the altitude of the building generated by the buffer module 31 .

The form module 32 combines the building type data expressing the building type of the building information included in the numerical DB 70 with the raster image to include the building type having a certain range in the raster image. The shape information (Footprint) is combined with the raster image as shown in Figs. 7A and 7C to display the building form.

The buffer module 31 forms a buffer by an interval set inward of the shape of the combined building in the shape module 32. This is illustrated by way of example in Figure 7d. Referring to FIG. 7D, the buffer module 31 forms a buffer space spaced apart from the shape line by dividing the extension line by a predetermined distance to the inside of the line representing the shape generated in the shape module 32. [

In the urban construction system for noise mapping, the elevation is calculated using only the shape of the building in the aerial data. However, in the height calculation method using only the building type, the outline expressing the building shape is overlapped with the cell size of the raster image So that an error may occur in the altitude data.

Accordingly, as the buffer module 31 acquires the altitude data in the buffer space formed inside the building form, it is possible to prevent an error caused by the superimposition of the outline due to the cell size difference of the raster image.

The calculation module 33 obtains the altitude data through the buffer space generated by the buffer module 31 and verifies the building information stored in the numerical DB 70 to transmit the altitude data of the building to the control unit 40. [ . The building information is a numerical data obtained from a geographical information system, and includes a building type (for example, a polygon), a purpose (for example, residential use, office use), a type (for example, , And the number of floors.

The road and bridge modeling unit 50 includes a slope value calculating module 52 for obtaining the slope value after combining the center line information of the road stored in the numerical DB with the raster image obtained from the raster unit 80, And a correction module 51 for comparing and correcting the numerical data stored in the numerical DB 70 with the end slope value of the raster image obtained by the value calculation module 52. [

The inclination value calculation module 52 combines the center line data of the road stored in the numerical DB 70 with the raster image extracted from the aerial data of the road or the bridge, Lt; / RTI > The end slope value is an altitude value of the reflection surface of the road and is calculated in the same manner as in the related art, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In addition, the slope value calculating module 52 calculates the slope value of the terminal as shown in the graph of FIG. 6 (a). At this time, the slope value calculating module 52 calculates the slope value calculating module 52, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, instead of calculating the height of the bridge passing through the intersection and the road passing downward at the intersection where roads overlap each other, Only the end slope of the indicated road reflection surface is calculated.

That is, the slope value calculating module 52 calculates a slope including the slope of the bridge pier crossing the first slope from the slope of the slope of the first slope. This is illustrated in the graph of FIG. 6 (a). Referring to Figure 6 (a), there are seven abnormally extruded data in the graph. This is because the inclination values of the other roads connected to the corresponding road are included in calculating the end slope value by the reflection surface of the upper road surface in the interchange where the road and the road are overlapped.

The correction module 51 compares the end slope value of the slope value calculation module 52 with the maximum slope inclusive of the numerical data stored in the numerical DB 70 to calculate the slope value The terminal slope calculated by the module 52 is compared and corrected. This is shown as an example in Fig. 6 (b).

The numerical data of the numerical DB 70 stores the maximum end slope and the center line data of each road presented in Article 25 (end slope) of the regulations on the structure and facility standards of the Ministry of Land Transport and Traffic No. 1.

Therefore, when the end slope value calculated by the slope value calculation module 52 exceeds the maximum slope value stored in the numerical DB 70, the correction module 51 determines that an error has occurred, Is corrected by referring to the end slope value of the end slope. For example, the correction module 51 corrects the contiguous end tilt so that it corresponds to a tilt value that is tilted downward.

The control unit 40 controls the display unit 20 to read the data stored in the aviation DB 60 and the numerical DB 70 according to a command input from the input unit 10, (80), the building modeling unit (30) and the road and bridge modeling unit (50), and outputs the result to the display (20).

The present invention includes the above-described structure, and a method for constructing a three-dimensional urban model for making a traffic noise map according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a three-dimensional city modeling method for creating a traffic noise map according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, a three-dimensional urban modeling method for creating a traffic noise map according to the present invention is a method of modeling roads and bridges by calculating the slope values of roads and bridges using aerial data and numerical data, A building modeling step (S100) for modeling the building by comparing the numerical data by calculating a building footprint and a buffer space by rasterizing the aerial data and combining numerical data S200), and an integrated modeling step (S300) of combining the result data calculated in the road and bridge modeling step (S100) and the building modeling step (S200).

The order of the road and bridge modeling step S100 and the building modeling step S200 are not determined in advance and can be changed according to the designer's intention. The road and bridge modeling step S100 will be described below with reference to FIG.

3 is a flowchart showing the steps of modeling roads and bridges in a three-dimensional city modeling method for making a traffic noise map according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, a raster step (S110) of rasterizing the aerial data to be expressed as a surface in the raster unit (80) to calculate a raster image, and a raster step (S130) for comparing the slope value and the numerical data; and a comparison step (S130) for comparing the slope value and the calculated slope calculated in the numerical data comparison step (S130) (S140); and a correction step (S150) of determining that an error has occurred and correcting the error if the calculated slope is greater than the maximum slope of the numerical data calculated in the comparison determination step (S140) And a modeling step (S160) of modeling the area as 3D data as the altitude data after the correction step (S150).

The controller 40 controls the raster unit 80 to read the air data of the road stored in the aviation DB 60, subtract the DEM data from the DSM data, The X, Y, and Z coordinates on the image are expressed as a surface to produce a raster image.

The terminal slope calculating step S120 is a step in which the road and bridge modeling unit 50 combines the center line data of the road stored in the numerical DB with the corresponding road included in the raster image under the control of the controller 40, And analyzing the center line to calculate an end slope value. The road and bridge modeling unit 50 drives the slope value calculating module 52 to analyze the X, Y, and Z coordinate values expressing the center line in the raster image to calculate the slope value. The calculated end slope values are shown in the graph of FIG. 6 (a).

The numerical data comparison step S 130 is a step in which the control unit 40 confirms the maximum end slope value in the numerical data of the road stored in the numerical DB 70. The controller 40 reads the maximum slope value from the numerical data of the road stored in the numerical DB 70 and compares the slope value with the slope value calculated in the slope calculation step.

The comparing and determining step S140 may include comparing an end slope value calculated in the step S120 and a maximum slope value of the corresponding road identified in the step S130, to be. If the seven slope values projected as shown in the graph of FIG. 6 (a) are higher than the maximum slope value of the numerical data among the slope values calculated in the slope calculation step, It is determined that the other roads are overlapped upward in the air data, and the following correction step (S150) is performed.

The correction step S150 is a step in which the controller 40 controls the correction module 51 to correct an end slope value exceeding the maximum slope value of the numerical data in the comparison determination step S140. The correction module 51 corrects the abnormally high end slope value in the end slope calculation step in consideration of the end slope value calculated at the previous coordinate point. This is illustrated in FIG. 6 (b) as an example.

Referring to FIG. 6B, the correction module 51 corrects the end slope, which is abnormally projected in FIG. 6A, so as to be extended from the end slope values of the adjacent X, Y and Z coordinates.

The modeling step S160 is a step in which the road and bridge modeling unit 50 utilizes the corrected longitudinal slope value in the correction step S150 under the control of the controller 40 3D modeling step. Here, FIG. 8 shows a result obtained by integrating road modeling data after modeling of a building.

Therefore, the present invention can complete the 3D modeling of the section where one or more roads overlap by utilizing the end slope of the air data and the maximum slope of the numerical data as described above. This 3D modeling enables accurate acquisition of the altitude data needed to measure noise generated from roads and piers.

The building modeling step will be described with reference to FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a building modeling step (S200) in a three-dimensional city modeling method for creating a traffic noise map according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4, the building modeling step S200 includes a raster step S210 of rasterizing the aviation data, a form calculating a footprint of the raster image calculated in the raster step S210 A buffer generation step S230 for generating a buffer space inside the building by a reference set within a footprint calculated in the form generation step S220, (S240) for calculating the altitude data based on the buffer space generated in step S240 and a modeling step S250 for 3D modeling the altitude data obtained after the altitude data calculation step S240 .

The raster step S210 is a step in which the controller 40 controls the raster unit 80 to subtract the DEM data from the DSM data and rasterize the DEM data. The DSM data is shown in FIG. 7A, and the rasterized image after subtracting the DEM data from the DSM data is shown in FIG. 7B. The raster unit 80 extracts the DSM data from the LiDAR data, subtracts the DEM data, and rasterizes the raster image to generate a raster image (see FIG. 7B) expressed in the form of a surface. 7A to 7B show the height of each building according to the degree of shading. For example, the closer to white, the higher the height of the building, and the closer to black, the closer to the ground. In the drawing, there is an area represented by almost black, but in reality, the dark and shallow contrasts are more clearly distinguished, and more various colors can be displayed as well as the contrast of black and white.

The shape generation step S220 is a step of coupling the shape module 32 to the raster image with the building type data stored in the numerical DB 70 under the control of the control unit 40. [ The shape module 32 couples the shape data of the building on the map stored in the numerical DB to the raster image. This is illustrated in Fig. 7C.

The buffer generation step S230 is a step in which the buffer module 31 controls the inner shape of the raster image according to a criterion set within a range of a footprint combined with a raster image in the shape generation step S220, To form a buffer space. The buffer space is set to be spaced apart from the outer line partitioned by the shape module 32 by a set reference (for example, 2 m). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7D, the buffer module 31 extends the line so as to be spaced apart from the inside of the footprint by a set reference, thereby forming a buffer space therebetween.

This is to prevent an error caused when the building is modeled along the outline of the building, as a result of overlapping between the coordinate points.

In other words, it is good to calculate the 3-D urban model for making the noise map based on the lowest part of the roof form when calculating the height of the building. This is because, in the case of multi-storey buildings such as apartment buildings, depending on the shape of the roof, the point of sound generation point of each generation can be increased, which can be underestimated toward the higher floor.

Therefore, it is generally best to select the minimum value within the shape of the building, but it can be overlapped with the X, Y, Z coordinates forming the outline of the building range, An error occurs.

Therefore, in order to accurately calculate the altitude data of a building, the present invention creates a building shape in the air data using the building shape data of the numerical data provided in the geographic information system, forms a buffer space in the building- By acquiring the elevation data of the building through the buffer space, errors due to superposition between the conventional coordinates are prevented.

The elevation data calculation step S240 is a step in which the calculation module 33 calculates the elevation data under the control of the control unit 40 after the buffer generation step S230. The calculation module 33 calculates the altitude data of each building based on the buffer space inside the building generated by the buffer module 31. The method of calculating the altitude data of the calculation module 33 is generally known, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The modeling step S250 is a step in which the controller 40 models the building of the map in three dimensions using the altitude data obtained in the altitude data generation step S240. The control unit 40 models each building in three dimensions through the altitude data calculated from the calculation module 33. [ At this time, the control unit 40 controls the display 20 to output the modeling result of the building. The modeling of such a building is shown in FIG. 8 which shows an example of integration with the 3D modeling completed in the road and bridge modeling step S100 in the integrated modeling step.

As described above, according to the present invention, the three-dimensional urban modeling suitable for the noise map is completed in parallel with the aerial data and the numerical data, so that more accurate altitude data can be calculated. In particular, the present invention forms a buffer space to prevent errors due to superimposition of the outline of a digitized building in aviation data with different buildings or surfaces, The accurate altitude data of the corresponding roads can be accurately calculated and the accurate noise map can be completed.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined in the following claims And changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

10: Input unit 20: Display
30: building modeling unit 31: buffer module
32: type module 33: operation module
40: control unit 50: road and bridge modeling unit
51: correction module 52: gradient value calculation module
60: aviation DB 70: numerical DB
80: raster section

Claims (11)

An aviation DB storing aviation data;
Type information including the type of building acquired from the geographic information system, whether it is for residential or office use, general housing, whether it is a building or a building, building information including the number of stories, A numerical value DB for storing numerical data including X, Y and Z coordinate values of the numerical values;
A raster unit interpolating the air data output in the form of a point cloud to rasterize the image data into a raster image in the form of a surface;
Combining the footprint data stored in the numerical DB with the raster image computed by the raster unit and modeling the building by calculating altitude data in a buffer space generated so as to be spaced by a reference set within the footprint Building modeling part;
A road and bridge modeling unit for calculating an end slope value of the road in the raster image and comparing the maximum slope value of the numerical data to correct the error to model the road, the elevated road, the bridge, and the bridge; And
A controller for controlling the raster unit to calculate a raster image and to control the building modeling unit to three-dimensionally model buildings included in the raster image,
The road and bridge modeling unit
A slope value calculation module which combines the center line data stored in the numerical DB into the raster image and calculates an end slope value based on the center line coordinate value; And
A correction module for comparing the end slope value calculated by the slope value calculation module with the maximum slope value stored in the numerical DB to correct the slope value according to the slope value of the adjacent coordinates when the slope value exceeds the maximum slope value Including,
The building modeling unit
A form module for combining the footprint data stored in the numerical DB into the raster image;
A buffer module for generating a buffer space spaced by a reference set in the building footprint; And
And a computation module for computing and calculating altitude data in the buffer space. delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete

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