CN111624360A - Rotating speed sensing device, estimation system and estimation method of pneumatic tire - Google Patents
Rotating speed sensing device, estimation system and estimation method of pneumatic tire Download PDFInfo
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- CN111624360A CN111624360A CN202010309004.3A CN202010309004A CN111624360A CN 111624360 A CN111624360 A CN 111624360A CN 202010309004 A CN202010309004 A CN 202010309004A CN 111624360 A CN111624360 A CN 111624360A
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nano new energy, in particular to a rotating speed sensing device, an estimation system and an estimation method of a pneumatic tire. The rotating speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire comprises a signal output module arranged in the tire, and an energy module and a rotating speed sensing module which are electrically connected with the signal output module; the rotation speed sensing module comprises at least one friction nano generator which is used as a sensing unit and is installed on the circumferential central line of the inner surface of the tire tread of the tire, the sensing unit generates alternating current when periodically passing through the grounding trace of the tire, and the characteristics of the electric signal are specifically related to the rotation speed of the tire. The rotating speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire can sense the rotating speed of the tire with a simple and reliable structure. The system and the method for estimating the rotational speed of a pneumatic tire according to the present invention are used for estimating the rotational speed of a tire in which the rotational speed sensing device of a pneumatic tire according to the present invention is located.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano new energy, and particularly relates to a rotating speed sensing device, an estimation system and an estimation method of a pneumatic tire.
Background
The conventional scheme for sensing the rotating speed of the pneumatic tire is that a plurality of common sensors are arranged outside the tire and on a rotating shaft of the tire, the rotating speed of the tire is sensed by the sensors, the sensors have high requirements on the sensitivity and reliability of the sensors, and the sensors are in severe working environment, are easy to damage and have limited accuracy due to the influence of external environment; meanwhile, at least a power supply and a control unit need to be arranged to supply power and control the sensor, and therefore, a circuit for electrical connection and a facility (wired or wireless) for signal connection need to be arranged, and the structure is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a rotating speed sensing device of a pneumatic tire, which can replace a common sensor to sense the rotating speed of the pneumatic tire and has simple and reliable structure.
The invention also provides a system and a method for estimating the rotating speed of the pneumatic tire, which are used for estimating the rotating speed of the tire where the rotating speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire is.
The rotational speed sensing device of a pneumatic tire of the present invention is for sensing the rotational speed of a tire, and includes: the tire comprises an energy module, a rotating speed sensing module and a signal output module which are arranged in a tire, wherein the signal output module is electrically connected with the energy module and the rotating speed sensing module respectively;
the rotating speed sensing module comprises at least one friction nano generator which is fixedly arranged on a circumferential central line of the inner surface of the tire tread as a sensing unit and can periodically pass through a ground contact footprint area of the tire to generate alternating current under pressure when the tire rotates, and the electrical signal characteristic of the alternating current generated by the sensing unit is specifically related to the rotating speed of the tire;
the signal output module can output the electric signal characteristics of the alternating current obtained from the rotating speed sensing module under the energy supply of the energy module.
Optionally, the friction nano-generator includes a flexible encapsulation cavity, two conductive layers respectively fixedly disposed on two inner walls of the flexible encapsulation cavity, two friction layers respectively fixedly disposed on surfaces of the two conductive layers away from the flexible encapsulation cavity, and an insulating support layer fixedly disposed between the two friction layers and located at corners of the two friction layers; the two conductive layers are electrically connected with each other, and the two friction layers are made of different materials;
in the opposite direction of the two conducting layers, the middle areas of the two friction layers can be contacted and extruded for friction when the flexible packaging cavity is pressed, and the middle areas of the two friction layers are gradually separated from contact to be away from each other when the pressure of the flexible packaging cavity is reduced.
Optionally, the insulating support layer comprises a spring and/or an elastic polymer;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
at least one conducting layer comprises a flexible substrate layer and an electrode layer, the flexible substrate layer is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the flexible packaging cavity, and the electrode layer is fixedly arranged on the surface, close to the friction layer, of the flexible substrate layer.
Optionally, at least one of the flexible substrate layers and the flexible packaging cavity are of an integrated insulating structure made of the same material;
and/or any friction layer in the two friction layers and the electrode layer adjacent to the friction layer are of an integrated conductive structure made of the same material.
Optionally, at least one of the conductive layers comprises a flexible substrate and a conductive medium mixed with the flexible substrate to form a flexible conductive film layer.
Optionally, the energy module comprises at least one friction nano-generator, wherein the friction nano-generator is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the tire tread and/or the inner surface of the tire sidewall when serving as a power generation unit; the power generation unit generates alternating current under pressure when passing through the grounding print and can supply the alternating current to the signal output module;
the rotating speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire further comprises an energy management module, the energy management module and the signal output module are sequentially connected in series, and the energy management module can convert alternating current generated by the energy module into direct current to be supplied to the signal output module.
Optionally, a plurality of the friction nano-generators fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the tread are distributed at equal intervals on the circumferential center line of the inner surface of the tread;
and/or a plurality of friction nano generators fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the sidewall are symmetrically distributed on the inner surface of the sidewall on two sides of the inner surface of the tire tread, and the friction nano generators positioned on the same side are distributed on a circumferential ring line of the inner surface of the sidewall parallel to the circumferential central line at equal intervals.
A rotating speed estimation system of a pneumatic tire is used for estimating the rotating speed of the tire, and comprises the rotating speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire and an estimation module which is arranged in a vehicle and electrically connected with a vehicle-mounted power supply of the vehicle, wherein the estimation module is in signal connection with a signal output module, and can estimate the rotating speed of the tire by utilizing the characteristics of an electric signal sent by the signal output module.
Optionally, the system for estimating the rotation speed of the pneumatic tire further comprises a vehicle-mounted electronic control system, and when the rotation speed of the tire estimated by the estimation module exceeds a preset range, the vehicle-mounted electronic control system can adjust the running state of the vehicle.
A rotation speed estimation method of a pneumatic tire for estimating a tire rotation speed:
constructing a specific correlation between the characteristics of the electrical signal of the sensing unit and the rotation speed of the tire in the rotation speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire by simulation or test means;
and under the actual working condition of automobile running, measuring the characteristics of the electric signals of the sensing units, and calculating the rotating speed of the tire according to the specific correlation between the characteristics and the rotating speed of the tire.
Optionally, through tire finite element simulation or tire indoor bench test, short-circuit current peak data of the induction unit under different tire pressures and rotation speed data of the tire at corresponding moments are measured;
constructing a first relation model of short-circuit current peak data and rotating speed data under different tire pressures;
and under the actual working condition of automobile running, measuring the tire pressure and the short-circuit current peak data of the induction unit, and calculating according to the first relation model to obtain the rotating speed of the tire.
Optionally, measuring a short-circuit current period T of two adjacent earthed induction units under different tire pressures or measuring an open-circuit voltage period T of two adjacent earthed induction units through tire finite element simulation or tire indoor bench test;
according to
The rotation speed ω of the pneumatic tire is calculated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the rotating speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire is used for sensing the rotating speed of the tire and comprises a signal output module, an energy module and a rotating speed sensing module, wherein the signal output module is arranged in the tire; the rotation speed sensing module comprises at least one friction nano generator serving as a sensing unit and arranged on the circumferential center line of the inner surface of the tire tread of the tire, the sensing unit is pressed to generate alternating current when periodically passing through a grounding trace of the tire, and the electrical signal characteristics of the alternating current are specifically related to the rotation speed of the tire; the signal output module can output the electric signal characteristics obtained from the rotating speed sensing module under the energy supply of the energy module. The rotating speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire can sense the rotating speed of the tire with a simple and reliable structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a rotational speed sensing apparatus for a tire according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a friction nano-generator in a rotational speed sensing apparatus of a tire of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a friction nano-generator in the rotation speed sensing device of the tire of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a friction nano-generator in the rotation speed sensing device of the tire of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a friction nano-generator in the rotation speed sensing apparatus of the tire of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a friction nano-generator as an induction unit fixedly installed on the inner surface of a tread in a rotational speed induction apparatus of a tire according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a friction nano-generator as a power generation unit fixedly mounted on the inner surface of a sidewall in the rotational speed sensing apparatus of a tire according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the system for estimating the rotational speed of a tire according to the present invention, which also shows an on-board power supply of an automobile.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected or detachably connected or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The present invention provides a rotation speed sensing device for a tire, which is used for sensing the rotation speed of the tire (the tire to be sensed is denoted as a), and a first embodiment of the rotation speed sensing device is shown in fig. 1 and comprises:
the tire control system comprises an energy module 1, a rotating speed sensing module 2 and a signal output module 3 which are arranged in a tire, wherein the signal output module 3 is electrically connected with the energy module 1 and the rotating speed sensing module 2 respectively;
the rotation speed sensing module 2 comprises at least one friction nano generator, and as shown in fig. 6, the friction nano generator is fixedly installed on a circumferential central line of the inner surface of the tread of the tire a as a sensing unit B, and can periodically pass through a ground contact footprint area of the tire a to generate alternating current under pressure when the tire a rotates, and at the moment, the electrical signal characteristic of the alternating current generated by the sensing unit B has a specific relation with the rotation speed of the tire a;
the signal output module 3 can output the electric signal characteristics of the alternating current obtained from the rotating speed sensing module 2 under the power of the power module.
In the above structure, the principle that the characteristics of the electric signal of the alternating current generated by the induction unit B are correlated with the rotation speed of the tire a is that: when the tire A rolls, the induction unit B arranged on the circumferential center line of the inner surface of the tire A periodically passes through the footprint area of the tire A and generates alternating current under pressure when the tire A passes through the footprint area, under the condition that the structure and the material of the induction unit B are determined, the short-circuit current of the generated alternating current is only influenced by the pressure and the pressure loading frequency, and the pressure loading frequency can be measured by the rotating speed of the tire A, so that the short-circuit current of the alternating current generated by the induction unit B is specifically related to the rotating speed of the tire A, and the rotating speed induction device of the tire can induce the rotating speed of the tire A. Further, the cycle of the short-circuit current and the cycle of the open-circuit voltage of the alternating current generated by the induction means B are specifically linked to the rotation speed of the tire a, and the rotation speed induction device of the tire according to the present invention can be realized to induce the rotation speed of the tire a.
In this embodiment, the signal output module 3 further includes an RF transmitter 31 and an MCU 32 electrically connected thereto. The RF radio frequency transmitter 31 can modulate the electrical signal received from the rotation speed sensing module 2 and send the modulated electrical signal out in a high-frequency filtering mode; the MCU microcontrol unit 32 enables in-depth control of the signal output module 3 from receiving data to transmitting signals.
The friction nano-generator in the above embodiments has various structures, and the first embodiment of the friction nano-generator, as shown in fig. 2, includes a flexible packaging cavity 21, and a conductive layer 22, a friction layer 23 and an insulating support layer 24 located inside the flexible packaging cavity 21;
two conductive layers 22 are respectively and fixedly arranged on two opposite inner walls of the flexible packaging cavity 21, and the two conductive layers 22 are electrically connected; the two friction layers 23 are respectively and fixedly arranged on the surfaces of the two conducting layers 22 far away from the flexible packaging cavity 21, and the materials of the two friction layers are different; meanwhile, an insulating support layer 24 is fixedly installed between the two friction layers 23, and the insulating support layer 24 is located at the corner of the two friction layers 23.
In the opposite direction of the two conductive layers 22, when the flexible packaging cavity 21 is compressed and deformed, the middle areas of the two friction layers 23 can contact and press friction, and when the pressure applied to the flexible packaging cavity 21 is reduced, the middle areas of the two friction layers 23 can be separated from contact and are far away from each other.
The friction nano generator has a simple structure, the flexible packaging cavity 21 can buffer the pressure applied to the friction nano generator, the conductive layer, the friction layer and the insulating supporting layer in the friction nano generator are protected, a relatively clean and dry closed environment is provided for the structure in the friction nano generator, the stability and the reliability of the whole structure of the friction nano generator are improved, the service life of the friction nano generator is prolonged, and the electric output performance and the energy conversion efficiency are optimized. Meanwhile, the flexible packaging cavity 21 improves the flexibility of the friction nano generator, and when the flexibility of the friction nano generator is higher than that of the tire A, the mechanical property of the tire A under stress cannot be excessively influenced due to the fact that the tire A is provided with the friction nano generator; meanwhile, the insulating support layer 24 is arranged to ensure that a certain interval is always kept between the two friction layers 23 when the friction nano-generator is in a natural state (more specifically, when the friction nano-generator is not in the contact patch area of the tire a), so as to generate electricity under pressure when passing through the contact patch area of the tire a.
When the friction nano generator is used as the induction unit B and does not enter the grounding trace area, the two friction layers are initially in a mutually separated state, when the induction unit B enters the grounding trace area, the inner surface of the tire tread in the grounding trace area generates vertical deformation so as to enable the induction unit B in the grounding trace area to be pressed and deformed, the two friction layers 23 are close to each other to be contacted, the mutual extrusion and friction generate static charges, then the induction unit B leaves the grounding trace area, the pressure borne by the induction unit B is gradually reduced to disappear, the two friction layers 23 are separated from the contact and are far away from each other, and alternating current is generated between the two conducting layers 22 based on electrostatic induction.
Here, it is equivalent to that the sensing unit B senses the periodic deformation of the inner surface of the tread, and the periodic deformation of the inner surface of the tread has the characteristics of low frequency and high amplitude, so that the strength of the insulating support layer 24 in the sensing unit B needs to be optimally designed, for example, when a relationship between a short-circuit current peak value of alternating current and the rotation speed of the tire a needs to be established, the two friction layers 23 in the sensing unit B need to be in sensitive contact when the tire a is loaded, so as to eliminate the influence of the original distance between the two friction layers 23 on the short-circuit current peak value, and the short-circuit current peak value is only linearly related to the frequency of the sensing unit B entering the grounding footprint area.
In the friction nano-generator, furthermore, the two friction layers 23 may be made of different materials, are not adjacent to each other in the triboelectric series, and are arranged as far as possible in the triboelectric series, so that the two friction layers 23 can generate more charges when contacting each other, which is more beneficial to the power generation of the friction nano-generator in the embodiment. Furthermore, the two friction layers 23 are flexible film layers (i.e. flexible materials with small thickness), which can improve the flexibility of the friction nano-generator.
Here, the material of the friction layer 23 may be any one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, carbon nanotube, elastic silica gel, epoxy resin, brominated butyl rubber, and nylon material, as long as the materials of the two friction layers 23 are different.
Meanwhile, an insulating material selected for the flexible packaging cavity 21 can be set, and the insulating material comprises at least one of rubber, silica gel, elastic resin and polyimide, so that the flexibility requirement of the flexible packaging cavity 21 is met.
The insulating support layer 24 may further include a spring and/or an elastic polymer, and at this time, the insulating support layer 24 not only can ensure that a certain interval is always kept between the two friction layers 23 in the initial natural state, but also can provide restoring force for the two friction layers 23 to enable the two friction layers 23 to be quickly restored to the initial position when the pressure applied to the flexible enclosure 21 is reduced.
The second embodiment of the friction nanogenerator of the rotational speed sensing device of the invention is based on the previous embodiment, and at least one conductive layer 22 in the friction nanogenerator is arranged, and comprises a flexible substrate layer 221 and an electrode layer 222, wherein the flexible substrate layer 221 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the flexible packaging cavity 21, and the electrode layer 222 is fixedly arranged on the surface of the flexible substrate layer 221 close to the friction layer 23.
Fig. 3 shows that each of the two conductive layers 22 comprises a combination of a flexible substrate layer 221 and an electrode layer 222.
In this embodiment, the flexible substrate layer 221 is disposed to make the conductive layer 22 to which it belongs flexible, so as to improve the flexibility of the overall structure of the friction nano-generator, and further reduce the influence of the installation of the friction nano-generator on the tire on the mechanical performance of the tire when the tire is stressed.
The third embodiment of the friction nanometer generator of the rotating speed sensing device of the invention is based on the structure of the previous embodiment:
at least one flexible substrate layer 221 and the flexible packaging cavity 21 are arranged to be of an integrated insulation structure made of the same material, so that the structure of the friction nano generator is simplified; fig. 4 shows that the two flexible substrate layers 221 and the flexible encapsulation cavity 21 are all of the same integrated insulating structure.
Here, it can also be understood that, when the material of the flexible substrate layer 221 is selected and suitable for the material of the flexible packaging cavity 21, the inner wall of the flexible packaging cavity 21 can be used as a substrate of the electrode layer 222 while enclosing to form a closed cavity; when the material of the flexible substrate layer 221 is not suitable for the material of the flexible packaging cavity 21, the flexible substrate layer 221 and the flexible packaging cavity 21 need to be independently arranged.
The fourth embodiment of the friction nanogenerator of the rotation speed sensing device of the invention is based on the structures of the second and third embodiments of the friction nanogenerator of the rotation speed sensing device of the invention:
any friction layer 23 of the two friction layers 23 and the electrode layer 222 adjacent to the friction layer 23 are arranged to be of an integral conductive structure with the same material, so that the friction nano-generator can be ensured to normally generate electricity, and the structure of the friction nano-generator is simplified. Fig. 5 shows the integrated conductive structure 4, which is made of the same material as the lower friction layer 23 and the adjacent electrode layer 22 of the two friction layers 23 of the friction nano-generator.
In the present invention, the following design can also be adopted for the structure of the conductive layer 22:
at least one of the two conductive layers 23 includes a flexible substrate and a conductive medium mixed with the flexible substrate to form a flexible conductive film layer. For example, the flexible substrate can be a silica gel substrate with good flexibility, even a silica gel substrate subjected to vulcanization treatment, and the conductive medium can be silver-plated glass powder, or carbon nanotubes and carbon black. Of course, there is no particular limitation on the materials selected for the flexible substrate and the conductive medium, as long as the two can be mixed to form the flexible conductive film layer. At this time, the flexibility of the structure of the conductive layer 22 is improved, and the combination of the flexible substrate and the conductive medium improves the integrity of the structure, so that the structure is more stable and reliable.
A second embodiment of the rotational speed sensing apparatus of the present invention is based on the structure of any of the above embodiments, and is configured such that the energy module 1 includes at least one friction nano-generator described in any of the above embodiments, and as shown in fig. 7, the friction nano-generator is fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the tread and/or the inner surface of the sidewall of the tire a as a power generation unit C; the power generation unit C generates alternating current under pressure when passing through the ground contact patch area and can supply the alternating current to the signal output module 3.
It should be noted that the friction nanogenerator serving as the sensing unit B and the friction nanogenerator serving as the power generation unit C are the same only in the composition of the structure and the relationship between the structures, wherein the specific parameter design of each structure needs to be designed according to specific applications, so as to meet the sensing requirement of the sensing unit B and the power generation requirement of the power generation unit C respectively.
In this embodiment, the rotational speed sensing apparatus for a pneumatic tire according to the present invention further includes an energy management module 5, and in the rotational speed sensing apparatus for a pneumatic tire, the energy module 1, the energy management module 5, and the signal output module 3 are sequentially connected in series, and the energy management module 5 can supply the alternating current generated by the power generation unit C in the energy module 1 to the signal output module 3.
Further, the energy management module 5 may be configured to include a switch 51, a transformer 52, a rectifier bridge 53, and a capacitor 54, which are electrically connected. The switch 51 can solve the impedance mismatch problem of electric energy and improve the transfer efficiency of the electric energy; the transformer 52 can increase the output current and increase the charging speed of the capacitor 54; the ac power output from the transformer 52 is converted into dc power by the rectifier bridge 53, and then stored in the capacitor 54 to supply power to the subsequent signal output module 3.
In the above embodiments, the rotational speed sensing device of a pneumatic tire according to the present invention can realize passive operation without additionally connecting to another power source.
The process of generating the alternating current by the power generation unit C here is:
the tire A has a contact patch when rolling;
when the power generation unit C mounted on the inner surface of the tread and/or the inner surface of the sidewall of the tire a does not enter the footprint area, the two friction layers inside the power generation unit C are in a state of a spaced distance;
when the power generation unit C arranged on the inner surface of the tread and/or the inner surface of the sidewall of the tire A gradually enters the grounding imprint area, the power generation unit C is pressed, two friction layers in the power generation unit C gradually approach to a contact state, and the power generation unit C and the two friction layers are in contact electrification;
when the power generation unit C installed on the inner surface of the tread and/or the inner surface of the sidewall of the tire A gradually leaves the grounding imprint area, the pressure borne by the power generation unit C is reduced, two friction layers in the power generation unit C are gradually far away from each other to be separated from contact, and at the moment, electrostatic induction is generated between two conductive layers in the power generation unit C to further form induction current;
since the power generation unit C mounted on the inner surface of the tread and/or the inner surface of the sidewall of the tire a periodically passes through the footprint when the tire a rolls, an induced current is periodically generated to generate an alternating current.
In the above embodiment, the size of the selected power generation unit C is based on the fact that the mechanical property of the tire is not affected, the installation position of the selected power generation unit C is preferably based on the fact that the mass balance and the dynamic balance of the tire are not affected, and the number of the selected power generation units C, the electrical connection relationship (series connection and/or series-parallel connection) of the plurality of power generation units C, the area of the friction layer in each power generation unit C, and the interval between the two friction layers need to be designed comprehensively, so that the whole energy module 1 can meet the electric power required by the information output module 3.
A third embodiment of the rotational speed sensing apparatus of the present invention is based on the structure of the second embodiment of the rotational speed sensing apparatus of the present invention:
setting a plurality of friction nanometer generators (including induction units B and also including power generation units C) fixedly installed on the inner surface of the tread to be distributed at equal intervals on the circumferential central line of the inner surface of the tread; and/or a plurality of friction nano generators (power generation units C) fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the tire side are symmetrically distributed on the inner surface of the tire side at two sides of the inner surface of the tire tread, and the friction nano generators positioned at the same side are distributed on a circumferential ring line of the inner surface of the tire side parallel to the circumferential center line of the inner surface of the tire tread at equal intervals.
The distribution scheme of the friction nanometer generator can ensure the mass balance of the tire A as much as possible, and further ensure the dynamic balance of the tire A during rotation.
The invention also discloses a rotating speed estimation system of the pneumatic tire, which is used for estimating the rotating speed of the tire A, as shown in fig. 8, the rotating speed estimation system comprises the rotating speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire of the invention described in any embodiment, and an estimation module 6 in signal connection with the signal output module 3 in the rotating speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire of the invention, wherein the estimation module 6 is arranged in the vehicle and is electrically connected with the vehicle-mounted power supply D of the vehicle, and the rotating speed of the tire A can be estimated by utilizing the characteristics of the electric signals sent by the signal output module 3 under the energy supply of the vehicle-mounted power supply D.
Further, the estimation module 6 of the present invention further includes an RF receiver 61, an onboard control unit 62 and an LED display screen 63 electrically connected thereto. The RF receiver 61 receives the high-frequency filtering transmitted by the RF transmitter 51, modulates the high-frequency filtering into an electrical signal, analyzes and processes the electrical signal by the vehicle-mounted control unit 62 (a micro control unit may be selected), and displays the electrical signal on the LED display screen 63 in a data form for the vehicle interior personnel, particularly the driver to view.
Further, the rotation speed estimation system of the invention further comprises a vehicle-mounted electronic control system 7, and when the tire rotation speed estimated by the estimation module 6 exceeds a preset range (a tire rotation speed range for ensuring the safe driving of the automobile), the vehicle-mounted electronic control system 7 can adjust the running state of the automobile.
The invention also proposes a method for estimating the rotation speed of a pneumatic tyre, intended to estimate the tyre rotation speed:
the correlation between the characteristics of the electric signal of the induction unit B in the rotational speed induction apparatus for a pneumatic tire of the present invention described in any of the above embodiments and the rotational speed of the tire a is constructed by simulation or test means;
under the actual working condition of automobile running, the electric signal characteristics of the sensing unit B are measured, and the rotating speed of the tire A is calculated according to the correlation between the electric signal characteristics and the rotating speed of the tire A.
In particular, it can be set up such that,
measuring short-circuit current peak data of the induction unit B under different tire pressures and rotating speed data of the tire A at corresponding moments by tire finite element simulation or tire indoor bench test;
constructing a first relation model of short-circuit current peak data and rotating speed data under different tire pressures;
under the actual working condition of automobile running, the tire pressure and the short-circuit current peak value of the induction unit B are measured, and the rotating speed of the tire A is calculated according to the first relation model.
Still alternatively, it may be set as:
measuring short-circuit current periods T of two adjacent earthed induction units under different tire pressures or measuring open-circuit voltage periods T of two adjacent earthed induction units through tire finite element simulation or tire indoor bench test;
according to
The rotation speed ω of the pneumatic tire is calculated.
In the above scheme, before the short-circuit current period T or the open-circuit voltage period T is obtained, the waveform of the short-circuit current or the open-circuit voltage may be filtered to remove interference waves formed by factors such as environmental noise, structural interference, resonance, and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A rotational speed sensing apparatus for a pneumatic tire for sensing a rotational speed of the tire, comprising: the tire comprises an energy module, a rotating speed sensing module and a signal output module which are arranged in a tire, wherein the signal output module is electrically connected with the energy module and the rotating speed sensing module respectively;
the rotating speed sensing module comprises at least one friction nano generator which is fixedly arranged on a circumferential central line of the inner surface of the tire tread as a sensing unit and can periodically pass through a ground contact footprint area of the tire to generate alternating current under pressure when the tire rotates, and the electrical signal characteristic of the alternating current generated by the sensing unit is specifically related to the rotating speed of the tire;
the signal output module can output the electric signal characteristics of the alternating current obtained from the rotating speed sensing module under the energy supply of the energy module.
2. A rotational speed sensing apparatus for a pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein: the friction nano generator comprises a flexible packaging cavity, two conducting layers respectively fixedly arranged on two inner walls of the flexible packaging cavity, two friction layers respectively fixedly arranged on the surfaces of the two conducting layers far away from the flexible packaging cavity, and an insulating support layer fixedly arranged between the two friction layers and positioned at the corners of the two friction layers; the two conductive layers are electrically connected with each other, and the two friction layers are made of different materials;
in the opposite direction of the two conducting layers, the middle areas of the two friction layers can be contacted and extruded for friction when the flexible packaging cavity is pressed, and the middle areas of the two friction layers are gradually separated from contact to be away from each other when the pressure of the flexible packaging cavity is reduced.
3. A rotational speed sensing apparatus for a pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein: the insulating support layer comprises a spring and/or an elastic polymer;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
at least one conducting layer comprises a flexible substrate layer and an electrode layer, the flexible substrate layer is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the flexible packaging cavity, and the electrode layer is fixedly arranged on the surface, close to the friction layer, of the flexible substrate layer.
4. A rotation speed sensing apparatus for a pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein: the at least one flexible substrate layer and the flexible packaging cavity are of an integrated insulating structure made of the same material;
and/or any friction layer in the two friction layers and the electrode layer adjacent to the friction layer are of an integrated conductive structure made of the same material.
5. A rotational speed sensing apparatus for a pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein: at least one of the conductive layers includes a flexible substrate and a conductive medium intermixed with the flexible substrate to form a flexible conductive film layer.
6. A rotation speed sensing device of a pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the energy module comprises at least one friction nano generator which is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the tire tread and/or the inner surface of the tire side wall when serving as a power generation unit; the power generation unit is pressed to generate alternating current when passing through the grounding print area and can supply the alternating current to the signal output module;
the rotating speed sensing device of the pneumatic tire further comprises an energy management module, the energy management module and the signal output module are sequentially connected in series, and the energy management module can convert alternating current generated by the energy module into direct current to be supplied to the signal output module.
7. A rotation speed sensing apparatus for a pneumatic tire according to claim 6, wherein: a plurality of friction nano generators fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the tread are distributed on the circumferential central line of the inner surface of the tread at equal intervals;
and/or a plurality of friction nano generators fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the sidewall are symmetrically distributed on the inner surface of the sidewall on two sides of the inner surface of the tire tread, and the friction nano generators positioned on the same side are distributed on a circumferential ring line of the inner surface of the sidewall parallel to the circumferential central line at equal intervals.
8. A rotation speed estimation system for a pneumatic tire for estimating a rotation speed of the tire, comprising: a device for sensing the rotational speed of a pneumatic tire as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising an estimation module disposed in the vehicle and electrically connected to the vehicle-mounted power supply of the vehicle, said estimation module being in signal connection with said signal output module and capable of estimating the rotational speed of said tire using the characteristics of the electrical signal transmitted from said signal output module.
9. A rotation speed estimation system of a pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein: the system for estimating the rotating speed of the pneumatic tire further comprises a vehicle-mounted electric control system, and when the rotating speed of the tire estimated by the estimation module exceeds a preset range, the vehicle-mounted electric control system can adjust the running state of an automobile.
10. A rotation speed estimation method of a pneumatic tire for estimating a tire rotation speed, characterized in that:
constructing a specific correlation between the characteristics of the electrical signal of the sensing unit and the rotation speed of the tire in the rotation speed sensing device of a pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 7 by simulation or experimental means;
and under the actual working condition of automobile running, measuring the characteristics of the electric signals of the sensing units, and calculating the tire rotating speed according to the specific association between the characteristics and the tire rotating speed.
11. A rotation speed estimation method of a pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein:
measuring short-circuit current peak data of the induction unit under different tire pressures and rotating speed data of the tire at corresponding moments through tire finite element simulation or tire indoor bench test;
constructing a first relation model of short-circuit current peak data and rotating speed data under different tire pressures;
and under the actual working condition of automobile running, measuring the tire pressure and the short-circuit current peak data of the induction unit, and calculating according to the first relation model to obtain the tire rotating speed.
12. A rotation speed estimation method of a pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein:
measuring short-circuit current periods T of two adjacent earthed induction units under different tire pressures or measuring open-circuit voltage periods T of two adjacent earthed induction units through tire finite element simulation or tire indoor bench test;
according to
The rotation speed ω of the pneumatic tire is calculated.
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