CN111623935B - 基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,包括步骤一、采用光发生器发出监测光信号,对主蒸汽管道周围的气体进行透射;二、采用光探测器对主蒸汽管道周围气体中的气态水分子进行高频扫描探测,获得气态水分子吸收峰窄带的扫描探测信号;三、采用光谱仪对扫描探测信号进行光电转换和模数转换,获得数字信号;四、采用计算机对数字信号进行分析计算,并与计算机预先存储数据库中的同湿度下的光吸收度进行对比,得到气态水的浓度;五、计算机根据气态水浓度的梯度变化计算管道泄漏率和泄露量,并评估泄露位置。本发明方法步骤简单,实现方便,能够有效应用在核电站的主蒸汽管道泄漏监测中,使用效果好,便于推广使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于蒸汽管道泄露监测技术领域,具体涉及一种基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法。
背景技术
核电站主蒸汽管道的不可识别泄漏监测基于LBB(Leak Before Breaking,破前先漏)设计准测,对其监测方法主要包括:安全壳地坑液位、安全壳大气放射性、安全壳大气压力温度和湿度、安全壳淹没液位和目视检查。安全壳地坑液位或安全壳淹没液位的测量精度和响应时间与泄漏蒸汽的冷凝回收情况有关,受环境条件、介质传输路径等多种因素的影响,且安全壳内其他不可识别泄漏也会造成安全壳地坑液位或安全壳淹没液位上升。因此,目前这两种方法作为监测主蒸汽管道泄漏的主要方法,其监测精度和响应时间存在不确定性,因此,对核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测应用LBB技术的条件不够充分。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术中的不足,提供一种基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,其步骤简单,实现方便,能够有效应用在核电站的主蒸汽管道泄漏监测中,使用效果好,便于推广使用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、采用光发生器发出监测光信号,对主蒸汽管道周围的气体进行透射;
步骤二、采用光探测器对主蒸汽管道周围气体中的气态水分子进行高频扫描探测,获得气态水分子吸收峰窄带的扫描探测信号;
步骤三、采用光谱仪对扫描探测信号进行光电转换和模数转换,获得数字信号;
步骤四、采用计算机对数字信号进行分析计算,并与计算机预先存储数据库中的同湿度下的光吸收度进行对比,得到气态水的浓度;
步骤五、所述计算机根据气态水浓度的梯度变化计算管道泄漏率和泄露量,并评估泄露位置。
上述的基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,步骤一中所述光发生器为卤素灯。
上述的基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,步骤一中所述监测光信号为波长范围360nm~2400nm的近红外光。
上述的基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,步骤二中所述光探测器为光谱吸收式光纤气体传感器。
上述的基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,步骤三中所述光谱仪为近红外光谱仪。
上述的基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,步骤五中所述气态水浓度的梯度变化通过对主蒸汽管道周围气体中的气态水分子进行多点扫描探测获得。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、本发明方法步骤简单,实现方便。
2、本发明采用近红外光谱法进行蒸汽管道的泄漏监测,探测结果灵敏度高、精度高、响应时间快,且该方法为非接触式、无损测量,能够在高温、辐射环境下,实现在线实时监测。
3、本发明能够有效应用在核电站的主蒸汽管道泄漏监测中,根据气态水浓度的梯度变化计算管道泄漏率,评估泄露位置,使用效果好,便于推广使用。
综上所述,本发明方法步骤简单,实现方便,能够有效应用在核电站的主蒸汽管道泄漏监测中,使用效果好,便于推广使用。
下面通过附图和实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,本发明的基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、采用光发生器发出监测光信号,对主蒸汽管道周围的气体进行透射;
步骤二、采用光探测器对主蒸汽管道周围气体中的气态水分子进行高频扫描探测,获得气态水分子吸收峰窄带的扫描探测信号;
步骤三、采用光谱仪对扫描探测信号进行光电转换和模数转换,获得数字信号;
步骤四、采用计算机对数字信号进行分析计算,并与计算机预先存储数据库中的同湿度下的光吸收度进行对比,得到气态水的浓度;
步骤五、所述计算机根据气态水浓度的梯度变化计算管道泄漏率和泄露量,并评估泄露位置。
具体实施时,管道泄漏率的具体计算过程包括:
当主蒸汽管道处于泄漏初期时,通过主蒸汽管道各测点水蒸气浓度变化率、主蒸汽管道环腔体积和监测时间间隔计算主蒸汽管道环腔内水蒸汽的质量增加速率,即泄漏率;
当主蒸汽管道处于泄漏后期时,由于管道环隙已被蒸汽充满,各测点水蒸汽浓度将趋于稳定,但在泄漏点附近由于泄漏会导致压力增大,蒸汽从保温层端部及搭接的泄漏形成沿轴向逐步降低的压力梯度,进而形成相似的水蒸汽浓度梯度分布,然后通过布置在管道轴向的多个测点,测量各测点的水蒸汽浓度,获取其梯度分布,进而计算其泄漏率。
本方法步骤一中所述光发生器为卤素灯。
本方法步骤一中所述监测光信号为波长范围360nm~2400nm的近红外光。
本方法步骤二中所述光探测器为光谱吸收式光纤气体传感器。
具体实施时,光谱吸收式光纤气体传感器能够有效应用在核电站主蒸汽管道泄漏监测中,具有耐高温、耐辐照、耐腐蚀、抗干扰特性,且尺寸小,能够伸入主蒸汽管道保温层内,响应时间短。
本方法步骤三中所述光谱仪为近红外光谱仪。
具体实施时,近红外光谱仪采用长波形InGaAs探测器,能够覆盖900nm~2500nm整个近红外光区域,能够完成瞬态1ms光谱采集。
本方法步骤五中所述气态水浓度的梯度变化通过对主蒸汽管道周围气体中的气态水分子进行多点扫描探测获得。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一、采用光发生器发出监测光信号,对主蒸汽管道周围的气体进行透射;
步骤二、采用光探测器对主蒸汽管道周围气体中的气态水分子进行高频扫描探测,获得气态水分子吸收峰窄带的扫描探测信号;
步骤三、采用光谱仪对扫描探测信号进行光电转换和模数转换,获得数字信号;
步骤四、采用计算机对数字信号进行分析计算,并与计算机预先存储数据库中的同湿度下的光吸收度进行对比,得到气态水的浓度;
步骤五、所述计算机根据气态水浓度的梯度变化计算管道泄漏率和泄露量,并评估泄露位置;
所述气态水浓度的梯度变化通过对主蒸汽管道周围气体中的气态水分子进行多点扫描探测获得;
所述管道泄漏率的具体计算过程包括:
当主蒸汽管道处于泄漏初期时,通过主蒸汽管道各测点水蒸气浓度变化率、主蒸汽管道环腔体积和监测时间间隔计算主蒸汽管道环腔内水蒸汽的质量增加速率,即泄漏率;
当主蒸汽管道处于泄漏后期时,由于管道环隙已被蒸汽充满,各测点水蒸汽浓度将趋于稳定,但在泄漏点附近由于泄漏会导致压力增大,蒸汽从保温层端部及搭接的泄漏形成沿轴向逐步降低的压力梯度,进而形成相似的水蒸汽浓度梯度分布,然后通过布置在管道轴向的多个测点,测量各测点的水蒸汽浓度,获取其梯度分布,进而计算其泄漏率。
2.按照权利要求1所述的基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,其特征在于:步骤一中所述光发生器为卤素灯。
3.按照权利要求1所述的基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,其特征在于:步骤一中所述监测光信号为波长范围360nm~2400nm的近红外光。
4.按照权利要求1所述的基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,其特征在于:步骤二中所述光探测器为光谱吸收式光纤气体传感器。
5.按照权利要求1所述的基于近红外光谱法的核电站主蒸汽管道泄露监测方法,其特征在于:步骤三中所述光谱仪为近红外光谱仪。
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