CN111622761B - Mechanical room-column mining method for gently inclined medium-thickness ore body - Google Patents
Mechanical room-column mining method for gently inclined medium-thickness ore body Download PDFInfo
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- CN111622761B CN111622761B CN202010499493.3A CN202010499493A CN111622761B CN 111622761 B CN111622761 B CN 111622761B CN 202010499493 A CN202010499493 A CN 202010499493A CN 111622761 B CN111622761 B CN 111622761B
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mechanical room-column mining method for a slowly-inclined medium-thickness ore body, which comprises the following steps: dividing the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body into a plurality of panels along the trend, wherein the panels are provided with four layered stoping roadways from top to bottom, a heading machine enters the bottom of the panels from a slope way outside the panels through a trackless equipment connecting way, the slope way in the panels is exploited along the trackless equipment connecting way, and the slope way in the panels is communicated with each layered stoping roadway; the heading machine adopts a top-down mode to carry out stoping along the intersection of a slope way in the self-panel area of the layered stoping roadway at the top and the layered stoping roadway to the direction of an isolated ore pillar, wherein an ore room is mined firstly, and a mining pillar is mined secondly; one is picked and left, and the operation is repeated circularly, so that the chamber and the ore pillar are arranged in a fishbone shape; and after the heading machine finishes the stoping, checking the top plate, and supporting the top plate by adopting a prestressed resin anchor rod and strip net support mode. The invention utilizes the development machine as the equipment for extracting ore bodies for the first time, and solves the transportation problem of mining ores by a room-column method and the problems of roof management and operation safety of high and large airport.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to a mechanical room-pillar mining method for a gently inclined medium-thickness ore body.
Background
The exploitation of the slowly inclined medium-thickness ore body is always a big problem in the underground exploitation technology at home and abroad due to the particularity of the production state and the occurrence conditions. Due to inherent mining technical conditions of the gently inclined medium-thick ore body, such as small inclination angle, the caving ore can not be completely discharged by means of self weight; and conveying equipment is required to be used for ore removal in a stope, and because the thickness of an ore body is large, personnel and equipment operate in an exposed empty stope, and the safety is difficult to guarantee. From the mining conditions of the slowly inclined medium-thick ore bodies at home and abroad, a chassis funnel mining method, a sectional open stope method, a room-pillar method and a filling mining method aiming at high-grade high-value ore bodies are generally adopted according to different specific mining technical conditions. The chassis funnel mining method, the subsection open stope method and other methods have poor technical and economic effects in the application of ore bodies with poor ore rock stability due to the problems of complicated mining and cutting work, large mining and cutting engineering quantity, large ore loss, large dilution and the like; the filling mining method cannot be popularized and used in a full range due to high cost. The room-pillar method is mainly used for mining slowly inclined medium-thickness ore bodies in China by adopting various deformation room-pillar mining methods such as an artificial point pillar room-pillar mining method, a shallow hole room-pillar mining method and a medium-deep hole room-pillar mining method. When the ore rock steadiness is relatively poor, the problems that room ore pillars can not be recovered, the recovery rate is low, the depletion rate is high, the operation is unsafe when personnel are exposed to an empty field, and the efficiency is low often exist. For the gentle dip medium-thickness ore body, adopt room and pillar mining method for stoping, need solve stope transport problem at first, to the ore body that ore deposit rock steadiness is relatively poor, still must solve the roof management and the operation safety problem in high and large empty ground.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mining method of a slowly-inclined medium-thickness ore body, which is simple in process and less in mining and cutting engineering quantity, and aims to solve the problems of stope transportation and roof management and operation safety of a high and large empty field in the mining of the slowly-inclined medium-thickness ore body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a mechanical room-pillar mining method for a gently inclined medium-thickness ore body comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a chamber:
dividing the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body into a plurality of panels along the direction, wherein four layered mining roadways are arranged on the panels from top to bottom, and an isolating ore pillar is arranged between every two adjacent panels;
s2, collecting and cutting:
firstly, a heading machine enters the bottom of a panel area from an outer slope way of the panel area through a trackless equipment connecting way, an inner slope way of the panel area is developed along the trackless equipment connecting way, the inner slope way of the panel area is communicated with each layered stoping roadway, the inner slope way of the panel area is turned back twice in the panel area, a panel area ore pass is arranged at an isolated ore pillar near a turning point, and the bottom of the panel area ore pass is communicated with an outer middle section transportation roadway or a middle section through vein transportation roadway;
s3, extracting:
the heading machine adopts a top-down mode to carry out stoping along the intersection of a slope way in the self-panel area of the layered stoping roadway at the top and the layered stoping roadway to the direction of an isolated ore pillar, wherein an ore room is mined firstly, and a mining pillar is mined secondly; the chamber and the pillar are arranged at intervals and have consistent size; firstly, mining the chamber, reserving pillars at intervals, mining one pillar and reserving one pillar, and gradually advancing to ensure that the chamber and the pillars are arranged in a fishbone shape; and (4) after the stoping of each layered chamber is finished, retreating to stope the pillars.
S4, top management:
and (3) after the stoping of the chamber is finished by adopting a heading machine, checking a roof, supporting the roof by adopting a prestressed resin anchor rod and strip net supporting mode, and recovering the ore pillars after the roof is supported.
Further, the thickness of the separating ore pillar in the tray area in the step S1 is more than or equal to 8m, and the thickness of the middle section of the ore pillar is more than or equal to 4 m.
Further, the roadway section of the layered stoping roadway in the step S1 is 4 × 4.0 m.
Further, the slope of the ramp in the disk area is less than or equal to 15% in step S2.
Further, in step S3, after the width of the pillars is not less than 5m and is reserved on both sides of the ramp in the leaning plate area, the stope room is stoped.
Further, when the mining pillar is mined in the step S3, the heading machine is pushed to the isolation pillar, and then the mining pillar is retreated from the isolation pillar to the slope way in the panel along the layered mining roadway.
Further, in the step S3, an included angle between the room and the layered stoping roadway is 35 °, and an included angle between the pillar and the layered stoping roadway is 35 °.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the stoping of the chamber and the pillar is carried out by using the development machine, so that the operation efficiency is greatly improved; (2) mining and cutting roadways are all arranged in the ore body, cutting is directly carried out by a heading machine, and the roadway forming speed is high; (3) in the stoping, one ore room and one ore pillar are reserved, so that the ore rooms and the ore pillars are arranged in a fish bone shape, and the equipment can be easily accessed; meanwhile, in the stoping process, the stope is small in exposed space, so that the control of a roof is facilitated, the roof is supported by using anchor rods and a net in time according to the roof condition after stoping of the chamber is finished, and the stope is stoped by adopting a retreat stoping mode after supporting, so that the operation safety is ensured; (4) the development machine is adopted to directly develop, cut and recover the tunnel and the ore, so that the blasting is not needed, the blast fume is not generated, the disturbance to the top plate is small, and the safety is good; (5) high recovery rate of ore and low loss and dilution rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1-vein outer middle section transportation roadway, 2-middle section vein passing transportation roadway, 3-panel ore pass, 4-layered stoping roadway, 5-panel inner slope way, 6-ore pillar, 7-middle section ore pillar, 8-panel outer slope way, 9-trackless equipment connecting way and 10-isolation ore pillar.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a mechanical room-pillar mining method for a gently inclined medium-thickness ore body comprises the following steps:
(I) arrangement of mine room
Divide the gentle slope medium-thickness ore body into a plurality of panel along the trend, panel structure size: the disc is divided into a disc area according to the direction of 120-200 m, the inclined length of the disc area is 100m (according to an inclination angle of 17.5 degrees), and the vertical height of the disc area is 30 m. According to the technology, the heading machine is adopted for cutting and stoping, four layered stoping roadways 4 are determined from top to bottom according to the appropriate cutting height of the heading machine, the height of each layered stoping roadway 4 is 7.5m, and each layered stoping roadway 4 is divided into an upper half part and a lower half part. Between each panel zone there is an 8.0m spacer pillar 10.
In addition, a 4.0m middle section ore pillar 7 is arranged between the upper and lower panels.
(II) sampling and cutting
Firstly, the heading machine enters the bottom of the panel area from an outer slope way 8 of the panel area through a trackless equipment connecting way 9, an inner slope way 5 of the panel area is developed along the trackless equipment connecting way 9, and the inner slope way 5 of the panel area is communicated with all the layered mining roadways 4. Considering the climbing capacity of equipment such as a heading machine, a scraper and the like, the gradient of the slope 5 in the panel area does not exceed 15%, the slope 5 in the panel area turns back twice in the panel area, a panel area ore pass 3 is arranged at an isolation ore pillar 10 near a turning point, and the bottom 3 of the panel area ore pass is communicated with an extravein middle section transportation lane 1 or a middle section vein-passing transportation lane 2.
Except for an out-of-vein middle-section transportation roadway 1, a middle-section through-vein transportation roadway 2, a panel ore pass 3 and an out-of-panel slope ramp 8, a layered stoping roadway 4, an in-panel slope ramp 5 and a trackless equipment connecting ramp 9 are directly tunneled by a tunneling machine. The development machine is a machine for excavating underground tunnel, mainly comprising a walking mechanism, a working mechanism, a loading and transporting mechanism and a transfer mechanism. With the forward propulsion of the travelling mechanism, the cutting head in the working mechanism continuously cuts the rock and transports the broken rock away. Typically, cutting is initiated from below the work surface, first cutting the bottom and then cutting the slot.
The trackless equipment connecting channel 9, the slope way 5 in the panel area and the roadway section of the layered stoping roadway 4 are 4 multiplied by 4.0m, and the net diameter of the ore chute 3 is 3.0 m.
(III) stoping
And (3) adopting a top-down gradual layering stoping mode, namely stoping the first layering firstly, stoping the second layering after the stoping of the first layering is finished, and pushing down in sequence. The chamber is mined first and the pillar 6 is mined later. The method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, stoping is carried out from the intersection of the slope way 5 in the panel area and the layered stoping roadway 4 towards the direction of the isolated ore pillars 10, in order to ensure the safety of the slope way 5 in the panel area, a first ore room is stoped after the width of the ore pillars not less than 5m is reserved on two sides of the slope way 5 in the panel area respectively, and the ore pillars 6 are retreated one by one to one side of the slope way 5 in the panel area after stoping is carried out to the isolated ore pillars 10.
The first layered stoping roadway 4 mainly stopes the lower side, and a middle section ore pillar 7 is reserved on the upper side for non-stoping. In each layer, the upper half of the layer is stoped by the upper layer stoping roadway 4 by using a heading machine, and the lower half of the layer is stoped by the lower layer stoping roadway 4. After the development machine finishes cutting one ore room, the development machine withdraws from the ore room, and then withdraws the ore room on the other side of the layered withdrawal roadway 4, wherein the withdrawal height is half of the layered withdrawal height, after the development machine finishes cutting one ore room, the scraper enters into a scraper loader, the scraper loader is transported to a panel area ore-sliding shaft 3, and the scraper loader is directly unloaded into the panel area ore-sliding shaft 3; the development machine stopes the ore rooms on two sides of the layered stoping roadway 4, and after the stoping is finished, the ore pillars 6 with the same width as the ore rooms are reserved, and the ore rooms and the ore pillars 6 are arranged at intervals; firstly, mining the chamber, reserving pillars 6 at intervals, mining one pillar and reserving one pillar, and gradually advancing to ensure that the chamber and the pillars 6 are arranged in a fishbone shape; the development machine is propelled to the rear edge of the isolating ore pillar 10 and retreats from the isolating ore pillar 10 to the slope 5 in the panel along the layered mining roadway 4 to mine the ore pillar; when the development machine cuts and recovers the chamber and the pillar 6, the upper is brushed on four sides first, and then the middle part is crushed. And the upper-layer layered stoping roadway 4 stopes the lower layer again after stoping is finished.
In the embodiment, the length of the chamber is 5m, the inclined length is 11.6m, the included angle between the chamber and the layered stoping roadway 4 is 35 degrees, and the included angle between the pillar 6 and the layered stoping roadway 4 is 35 degrees, so that the entry and exit of the development machine and the scraper are facilitated. The full height is mined by the development machine at one time, the development machine is withdrawn from the chamber after one chamber is mined, the scraper is shoveled and loaded, and the scraper is 2m3And after the shovel loading, the mine car is transported to a panel ore-sliding mine 3 for unloading, and the mine car is loaded into the mine car through an extravenal middle section transportation lane 1 or a venal penetration transportation lane 2.
(4) Roof management
After the stoping of the chamber is finished by adopting the heading machine, the roof is checked in time, prestressed resin anchor rods and a bar net are adopted for supporting according to the roof condition, the distance between anchor rods is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 0.7-1.0 m. And the ore pillars are recovered after the roof is supported, so that the operation safety is ensured.
The technology mainly aims at the gentle inclination that the inclination angle of the ore body is less than 30 degrees, the uniaxial compressive strength of the ore rock is not more than 60MPa, and the technology is suitable for medium-thickness ore bodies cut by a heading machine. When the strength of the ore rock is more than 60MPa, the tunneling and the mining of the roadway used in the technology are both carried out by adopting a drilling and blasting method, and the arrangement form and the ore removal mode of the other mining and cutting roadways are unchanged.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. The mechanical room-column mining method for the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, disc area arrangement:
dividing the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body into a plurality of panels along the direction, wherein four layered mining roadways are arranged on the panels from top to bottom, and an isolating ore pillar is arranged between every two adjacent panels;
s2, collecting and cutting:
firstly, a heading machine enters the bottom of a panel area from an outer slope way of the panel area through a trackless equipment connecting way, an inner slope way of the panel area is developed along the trackless equipment connecting way, the inner slope way of the panel area is communicated with each layered stoping roadway, the inner slope way of the panel area is turned back twice in the panel area, a panel area ore pass is arranged at an isolated ore pillar near a turning point, and the bottom of the panel area ore pass is communicated with an outer middle section transportation roadway or a middle section through vein transportation roadway;
s3, extracting:
the heading machine adopts a top-down mode to carry out stoping along the intersection of a slope way in the self-panel area of the layered stoping roadway at the top and the layered stoping roadway to the direction of an isolated ore pillar, wherein an ore room is mined firstly, and a mining pillar is mined secondly; the chamber and the pillar are arranged at intervals and have consistent size; firstly, mining the chamber, reserving pillars at intervals, mining one pillar and reserving one pillar, and gradually advancing to ensure that the chamber and the pillars are arranged in a fishbone shape; after the stoping of each layered chamber is finished, backing to stope the ore pillar;
s4, top management:
and (3) after the stoping of the chamber is finished by adopting a heading machine, checking a roof, supporting the roof by adopting a prestressed resin anchor rod and strip net supporting mode, and recovering the ore pillars after the roof is supported.
2. The mechanical room-pillar mining method for gently inclined medium-thickness ore body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the pan-separating ore pillar in step S1 is not less than 8 m.
3. The mechanical room-pillar mining method for gently inclined medium-thickness ore bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross section of the stratified stoping roadway in step S1 is 4 x 4.0 m.
4. The mechanical room-pillar mining method for gently inclined medium-thickness ore bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slope gradient of the slope way in the plate area in the step S2 is less than or equal to 15%.
5. The mechanical room-pillar mining method for the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, after the widths of ore pillars with the widths not less than 5m are respectively reserved on both sides of the ramp in the leaning plate area, the room is stoped.
6. The mechanical room-pillar mining method for the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heading machine is propelled to the rear of the isolated ore pillar during the ore pillar mining in step S3, and the ore pillar is retreated from the isolated ore pillar to the slope way in the panel along the layered mining roadway.
7. The mechanical room-pillar mining method for the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the included angle between the chamber and the layered stoping roadway in the step S3 is 35 degrees, and the included angle between the pillar and the layered stoping roadway is 35 degrees.
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| CN112360463A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-02-12 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Mechanical mining method for thick and large ore body development machine |
| CN112983424A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-18 | 陕西华源矿业有限责任公司 | Hydraulic mining method based on soft broken argillaceous ore body |
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| US4198097A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1980-04-15 | Standard Oil Company | Method of mining |
| CN1221727C (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2005-10-05 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Continuous miner house column type short arm mechanized coal mining process and support equipment thereof |
| CN102003185B (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-12-19 | 中蓝连海设计研究院 | Sublevel stripe tail salt stoping dry-type filling-mining method |
| CN107237636B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2023-11-21 | 陕西冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Precious metal inclined ore body mining structure and method |
| CN107869349B (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-06-04 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of mechanized mining method of gently inclined medium thick orebody |
| CN107829737A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-23 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mining method for gently inclined thin to medium thick ore body |
| CN110886613A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-17 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mechanized continuous hard rock mining method |
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