CN111621622A - Smelting method of high-cleanliness steel - Google Patents
Smelting method of high-cleanliness steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111621622A CN111621622A CN202010516068.0A CN202010516068A CN111621622A CN 111621622 A CN111621622 A CN 111621622A CN 202010516068 A CN202010516068 A CN 202010516068A CN 111621622 A CN111621622 A CN 111621622A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0087—Treatment of slags covering the steel bath, e.g. for separating slag from the molten metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel smelting, and particularly relates to a smelting method of high-cleanliness steel. In order to further improve the cleanliness of molten steel in the smelting process and improve the quality of steel products, the invention provides a smelting method of high-cleanliness steel, which comprises the following steps: the molten steel smelting adopts a process flow of converter-LF-RH-continuous casting, and the molten steel is deoxidized and alloyed step by step in a converter tapping process, an LF process and an RH process; when the molten steel reaches an RH treatment station, installing a slag blocking device at the mouth of an RH insertion pipe, and then immersing the RH insertion pipe into the molten steel, wherein the insertion depth is 500-650 mm; and (4) carrying out vacuum treatment for 18-25 min, blowing argon and stirring for 3-8 min, and preventing molten steel from being exposed in the argon blowing process. The invention particularly designs the slag stopping device of the RH insert tube, effectively isolates the ladle slag from entering the insert tube in the process of immersing the insert tube into the molten steel, prevents the molten steel from being polluted, and combines with the step-by-step deoxidation, so that the cleanliness of the molten steel is obviously improved, and the slag stopping device has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel smelting, and particularly relates to a smelting method of high-cleanliness steel.
Background
With the gradual maturity of the clean steel smelting process in the modern steel industry, the molten steel cleanliness control reaches a relatively stable level, and great progress is difficult to be made. To break through this bottleneck, it is difficult to make a large improvement from thermodynamic and kinetic studies alone.
At present, most manufacturers adopt a vacuum treatment process in the production of clean steel, and the purpose of the vacuum treatment process is to degas and float impurities in the steel upwards through vacuum circulation. However, when the insert tube is immersed in molten steel, ladle slag on the molten steel surface is inevitably carried into the molten steel together, and is mixed with the molten steel during circulation, causing contamination to the molten steel. Most of steel slag carried in the vacuum treatment circulating process floats to the surface of molten steel, but a small part of steel slag still remains in the molten steel to form inclusions.
In the existing research, measures such as ladle bottom argon blowing after refining, prolonging of vacuum treatment time after RH alloying, improvement of refractory quality, tundish metallurgy and the like are generally adopted to improve the cleanliness of molten steel. With the advancement of the steel industry, the above processes have been extensively studied and have a relatively mature technology. Therefore, it is difficult to further improve the cleanliness of molten steel. However, the control level of the cleanliness of molten steel in China is still a certain gap from the advanced level of the world, so that the high-end steel in China mainly depends on import at present. Therefore, the bottleneck of the existing clean steel technology is broken through, and the clean steel control technology can be used in the previous step only through deeper excavation and innovation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: further improve the molten steel cleanliness in the smelting process and improve the steel quality.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps: the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel comprises the following steps:
the molten steel smelting adopts a process flow of converter-LF-RH-continuous casting, and the molten steel is deoxidized and alloyed step by step in a converter tapping process, an LF process and an RH process; when the molten steel reaches an RH treatment station, installing a slag blocking device at the mouth of an RH insertion pipe, and then immersing the RH insertion pipe into the molten steel, wherein the insertion depth is 500-650 mm; and (4) carrying out vacuum treatment for 18-25 min, blowing argon and stirring for 3-8 min, and preventing molten steel from being exposed in the argon blowing process.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the converter tapping process deoxidation alloying specifically comprises the following steps: when the converter taps 1/4-1/3, adding silicon-calcium-barium, silicon-iron or silicon-manganese alloy into a ladle to deoxidize the molten steel, controlling the oxygen content to be 0.02% -0.03% after the deoxidation, and carrying out weak argon blowing stirring on the molten steel after tapping, wherein the argon blowing flow is 50-120 NL/min, and the argon blowing time is 4-10 min.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the specific steps of the LF procedure deoxidation alloying are that at least one of aluminum iron, aluminum wires, aluminum particles or aluminum-containing alloy is added into an LF station to further deoxidize molten steel, and the oxygen activity in the molten steel is controlled to be less than 30 × 10-4And percent, adding the silicon-containing alloy, the manganese-containing alloy, the chromium-containing alloy and the molybdenum-containing alloy in the order of silicon, manganese, chromium and molybdenum to alloy the molten steel, so that the content of alloy elements in the steel meets the component requirement of a finished product.
Further, in the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, when the silicon-containing alloy, the manganese-containing alloy, the chromium-containing alloy and the molybdenum-containing alloy are added, argon is blown to stir for 2-5 min after each alloy is added, and then the next alloy is added.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the RH procedure deoxidation alloying comprises the following specific steps: and after RH treatment is carried out for 4-8 min, alloying is carried out on the titanium and the niobium respectively, and the requirements of the components of the finished product are met.
Further, the titanium alloying adopts at least one of ferrotitanium and metallic titanium, and the niobium alloying adopts at least one of ferrocolumbium, niobium plate or niobium composite alloy.
In the method for smelting the high-cleanliness steel, the insert pipe comprises an ascending pipe and a descending pipe.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the material of the slag stopping device is low alloy steel, ultra-low carbon steel or plain carbon steel.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the slag stopping device is round or hexagonal.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the thickness of the slag stopping device is 1-10 mm.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the flow of the argon blowing is 50-120 NL/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for smelting high-cleanliness steel, and particularly designs an RH insert tube slag stopping device from the perspective of preventing refractory materials such as ladle slag and the like from entering molten steel to cause pollution; and the molten steel is deoxidized and alloyed step by step, and the step by step deoxidization is favorable for keeping certain oxygen in the molten steel, and the oxygen is used as a surface active element and is favorable for reducing the nitrogen absorption capacity of the molten steel. The main alloy in the steel can be finished in advance to LF by step-by-step alloying, and RH only carries out element alloying on the alloy which is easy to oxidize and has higher price; thus ensuring that RH has enough time for degassing treatment and fully floating up and removing the non-metallic inclusion in the steel, and simultaneously ensuring the lowest alloy cost. After the technology is applied, the cleanliness of molten steel is remarkably improved, wherein the total number of inclusions with the size of 3-10 mu m in the molten steel discharged from the RH station is reduced by 35-60%, and the total number of inclusions with the size of more than 10 mu m is reduced by 58-75%. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and strong practicability, and can be widely applied to the production of clean steel.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a smelting method of high-cleanliness steel, which comprises the following steps:
the molten steel smelting adopts a process flow of converter-LF-RH-continuous casting, and the molten steel is deoxidized and alloyed step by step in a converter tapping process, an LF process and an RH process; when the molten steel reaches an RH treatment station, installing a slag blocking device at the mouth of an RH insertion pipe, and then immersing the RH insertion pipe into the molten steel, wherein the insertion depth is 500-650 mm; and (4) carrying out vacuum treatment for 18-25 min, blowing argon and stirring for 3-8 min, and preventing molten steel from being exposed in the argon blowing process.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the converter tapping process deoxidation alloying specifically comprises the following steps: when the converter taps 1/4-1/3, adding silicon-calcium-barium, silicon-iron or silicon-manganese alloy into a ladle to deoxidize the molten steel, controlling the oxygen content to be 0.02% -0.03% after the deoxidation, and carrying out weak argon blowing stirring on the molten steel after tapping, wherein the argon blowing flow is 50-120 NL/min, and the argon blowing time is 4-10 min.
The invention carries out deoxidation alloying in the converter tapping process, can ensure that the inclusion after deoxidation floats sufficiently, and is beneficial to removing the inclusion in steel.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the specific steps of the LF procedure deoxidation alloying are that at least one of aluminum iron, aluminum wires, aluminum particles or aluminum-containing alloy is added into an LF station to further deoxidize molten steel, and the oxygen activity in the molten steel is controlled to be less than 30 × 10-4And percent, adding the silicon-containing alloy, the manganese-containing alloy, the chromium-containing alloy and the molybdenum-containing alloy in the order of silicon, manganese, chromium and molybdenum to alloy the molten steel, so that the content of alloy elements in the steel meets the component requirement of a finished product.
Further, in the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, when the silicon-containing alloy, the manganese-containing alloy, the chromium-containing alloy and the molybdenum-containing alloy are added, argon is blown to stir for 2-5 min after each alloy is added, and then the next alloy is added.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the RH procedure deoxidation alloying comprises the following specific steps: and after RH treatment is carried out for 4-8 min, alloying is carried out on the titanium and the niobium respectively, and the requirements of the components of the finished product are met. The RH process deoxidation alloying can ensure that oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in the steel are fully removed, and the cleanliness of the molten steel is improved.
Further, the titanium alloying adopts at least one of ferrotitanium and metallic titanium, and the niobium alloying adopts at least one of ferrocolumbium, niobium plate or niobium composite alloy.
In the method for smelting the high-cleanliness steel, the insert pipe comprises an ascending pipe and a descending pipe.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the material of the slag stopping device is low alloy steel, ultra-low carbon steel or plain carbon steel. The material selection of the slag stopping device is mainly related to the smelting steel type, and in order to ensure that the steel slag device can be melted in molten steel and can not be melted in ladle slag, the melting point of the material of the slag stopping device needs to be between the temperature of the ladle slag and the temperature of the molten steel.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the slag stopping device is round or hexagonal.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the thickness of the slag stopping device is 1-10 mm.
In the smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel, the flow of the argon blowing is 50-120 NL/min.
The following examples are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention without limiting the scope of the invention to the examples.
The process flow is converter-LF-RH-continuous casting process flow. The steel grade components for smelting steel are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Steel grade main ingredients%
| C | Si | Mn | Al | Ti |
| 0.15～0.20 | 0.2～0.4 | 0.4～0.6 | 0.04～0.08 | 0.02～0.09 |
Example 1 Using the method of the present invention to smelt high cleanliness steel
The specific operation steps are as follows:
when 1/4 steel is tapped from the converter, ferro-aluminum and silico-manganese are added into a ladle to deoxidize the molten steel, the oxygen after the deoxidation is controlled at 0.02%, the molten steel is stirred by weakly blowing argon after the tapping is finished, the argon blowing flow is 50NL/min, and the argon blowing time is 10min, so as to ensure that the inclusion after the deoxidation floats up fully.
After the molten steel reaches the LF procedure, firstly feeding aluminum wire into the molten steel to deoxidize the molten steel to ensure that the oxygen activity in the molten steel is 10 × 10-4% after the alloy is melted, the molten steel is heated and melted for 5min, ferrosilicon is added to alloy the molten steel, and ferromanganese is added to alloy the molten steel after argon blowing and stirring for 3 min.
The compositions after converter tapping and LF process alloying are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 Steel grade composition/%)
| Alloying rear component | C | Si | Mn | Al | Ti | a[O] |
| After tapping of the converter | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.03 | / | 0.03 |
| LF procedure | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.48 | 0.06 | / | 0.001 |
| RH procedure | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.48 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.005 |
When the molten steel reaches an RH treatment station, a slag stopper (made of low alloy steel and having a circular shape and a thickness of 2mm) is respectively arranged at the opening of an RH insertion pipe (comprising a rising pipe and a descending pipe), and then the insertion pipe is immersed into the molten steel with an insertion depth of 500 mm. After RH treatment for 5min, ferrotitanium is added for alloying, the treatment time after alloy addition is 15 min, molten steel is blown with argon and stirred for 8min after vacuum is finished, the argon blowing flow is 100NL/min, and the molten steel is prevented from being exposed in the whole process.
After the experimental result, compared with the comparative ratio of 1, the total number of the inclusions in the RH outbound molten steel of 3-10 um is reduced by 37.6%, and the total number of the inclusions above 10um is reduced by 62.3%.
Example 2 smelting of high cleanliness Steel Using the method of the present invention
The specific operation steps are as follows:
when 1/3 steel is tapped from the converter, silicon, calcium and barium are added into a ladle to deoxidize the molten steel, the oxygen after the deoxidation is controlled at 0.03%, the molten steel is stirred by weakly blowing argon after the tapping is finished, the argon blowing flow is 120NL/min, and the argon blowing time is 4min, so that the inclusion after the deoxidation can be ensured to float sufficiently.
After the molten steel reaches the LF procedure, adding aluminum pellets into the molten steel, heating the molten steel for slagging, deoxidizing and alloying for 5min, and measuring the oxygen activity of the molten steel to be 20 × 10-4And percent, adding silicomanganese to alloy the molten steel, blowing argon and stirring for 5min, and then adding manganese metal to alloy the molten steel.
The compositions after converter tapping and LF process alloying are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 Steel grade composition/%)
When the molten steel reaches an RH treatment station, respectively installing a slag stopper (made of Q235 steel, hexagonal in shape and 10mm in thickness) on an RH insertion pipe opening (comprising a lifting pipe and a descending pipe), and then immersing the insertion pipe into the molten steel, wherein the insertion depth is 650 mm; and after RH treatment is carried out for 3min, adding metal titanium for alloying, carrying out vacuum treatment for 20 min after alloy addition, carrying out molten steel argon blowing weak stirring for 3min after vacuum is finished, wherein the argon blowing flow is 30NL/min, and the molten steel is prevented from being exposed in the whole process.
After the experimental result, compared with the comparative ratio of 1, the total number of inclusions in the RH outbound molten steel of 3-10 um is reduced by 50.9%, and the total number of inclusions above 10um is reduced by 67.4%.
Comparative example 1 high cleanliness steel smelting by existing method
The specific operation steps are as follows:
when 3/4 steel is tapped from a converter, ferro-aluminium, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and the like are added into a ladle to deoxidize and alloy molten steel, and the oxygen after the deoxidation is controlled at 35 × 10-4And percent, weakly blowing argon for stirring the molten steel after tapping, wherein the argon blowing flow is 50NL/min, and the argon blowing time is 2 min.
And after the molten steel reaches the LF procedure, heating the molten steel for slagging for 5min, adding a proper amount of ferro-aluminum, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon, blowing argon, stirring for 3min, and then adding the molten steel for alloying.
When the molten steel reaches the RH treatment station, the insertion pipe is immersed into the molten steel, and the insertion depth is 650 mm; alloying carbon after treating for 3 min; the treatment time after adding carbon powder was 13 min.
TABLE 4 Steel grade composition/%)
| Alloying rear component | C | Si | Mn | Al | Ti | a[O] |
| After tapping of the converter | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 0.06 | / | 0.0035 |
| LF procedure | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.55 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.0020 |
| RH procedure | 0.16 | 0.33 | 0.55 | 0.064 | 0.045 | 0.0013 |
According to experimental results, the inclusion in the steel can be further reduced and the cleanliness of the steel can be improved by adopting the method for smelting the molten steel, compared with the method without a slag stopper, the inclusion in the molten steel can be reduced by more than 50%, cleaner steel can be obtained by smelting, and the method has extremely high economic value.
Claims (10)
1. The smelting method of the high-cleanliness steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the molten steel smelting adopts a process flow of converter-LF-RH-continuous casting, and the molten steel is deoxidized and alloyed step by step in a converter tapping process, an LF process and an RH process; when the molten steel reaches an RH treatment station, installing a slag blocking device at the mouth of an RH insertion pipe, and then immersing the RH insertion pipe into the molten steel, wherein the insertion depth is 500-650 mm; and (4) carrying out vacuum treatment for 18-25 min, blowing argon and stirring for 3-8 min, and preventing molten steel from being exposed in the argon blowing process.
2. The method of smelting high-cleanliness steel according to claim 1, wherein: the converter tapping process deoxidation alloying specifically comprises the following steps: when the converter taps 1/4-1/3, adding silicon-calcium-barium, silicon-iron or silicon-manganese alloy into a ladle to deoxidize the molten steel, controlling the oxygen content to be 0.02% -0.03% after the deoxidation, and carrying out weak argon blowing stirring on the molten steel after tapping, wherein the argon blowing flow is 50-120 NL/min, and the argon blowing time is 4-10 min.
3. The method for smelting high-cleanliness steel according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of the LF process deoxidation alloying are that an LF station is firstly added with at least one of aluminum iron, aluminum wires, aluminum particles or aluminum-containing alloy to further deoxidize the molten steel, and the oxygen activity in the molten steel is controlled to be less than 30 × 10-4And percent, adding the silicon-containing alloy, the manganese-containing alloy, the chromium-containing alloy and the molybdenum-containing alloy in the order of silicon, manganese, chromium and molybdenum to alloy the molten steel, so that the content of alloy elements in the steel meets the component requirement of a finished product.
4. The method of smelting high-cleanliness steel according to claim 3, characterized in that: when adding the silicon-containing alloy, the manganese-containing alloy, the chromium-containing alloy and the molybdenum-containing alloy, after adding each alloy, blowing argon, stirring for 2-5 min, and then adding the next alloy.
5. The method of smelting high-cleanliness steel according to claim 1, wherein: the RH procedure deoxidation alloying comprises the following specific steps: and after RH treatment is carried out for 4-8 min, alloying is carried out on the titanium and the niobium respectively, and the requirements of the components of the finished product are met.
6. The method of smelting high-cleanliness steel according to claim 5, wherein: the titanium alloying adopts at least one of ferrotitanium and metallic titanium, and the niobium alloying adopts at least one of ferrocolumbium, niobium plate or niobium composite alloy.
7. The method of smelting high-cleanliness steel according to claim 1, wherein: the insert tube comprises a riser and a downcomer.
8. The method of smelting high-cleanliness steel according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the slag stopping device is low alloy steel, ultra-low carbon steel or plain carbon steel.
9. The method of smelting high-cleanliness steel according to claim 1, wherein: the shape of the slag blocking device is circular or hexagonal.
10. The method of smelting high-cleanliness steel according to claim 1, wherein: the flow rate of the argon blowing is 50-120 NL/min.
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| CN111621622B (en) | 2022-03-22 |
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