CN111620514A - Method for treating sewage in biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler - Google Patents
Method for treating sewage in biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
- C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
Abstract
A method for treating sewage by a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler comprises the following steps of S1: the sewage is treated by an adjusting tank, a coagulation tank and a sedimentation tank in sequence, and suspended substances and colloidal substances in the sewage are removed; s2, biological filter treatment; firstly, preparing the sponge iron composite filler, and then performing microbial film domestication on the sponge iron composite filler to promote film hanging of the sponge iron composite filler; finally, introducing the pretreated sewage into a biological filter, and carrying out aeration treatment; s3, physical filtering; pumping the effluent of the biological filter into a filter tank, and intercepting fine particles of suspended organic sediment impurities in sewage by sequentially passing the sewage through a quartz sand filter system, a security filter system and an ultrafiltration membrane filter system; the invention has reasonable process flow design and high sewage treatment efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a method for treating sewage by a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the water consumption of industry and living is increasing day by day, but the water resource is limited, so the sewage recycling is the very necessary process, can alleviate water pressure to a certain extent. In the field of sewage treatment, besides the traditional physical method, a physical-chemical method, a chemical oxidation method and the like are also available; among them, the biofilm method is the most typical, and is mostly used for the secondary biological treatment in sewage at present, and in the biofilm method treatment process, the biofilter is the most representative structural form.
The sponge iron, one of the zero-valent irons, has the characteristics of Fe, and also has electrochemical action and strong physical adsorption due to the characteristics of the structure of the sponge iron. The sponge iron has a gray black appearance with bright spots, is in a loose sponge shape, and is an alloy consisting of iron, carbon and other impurities (Mn, Cr, Ni, CaO, MgO and the like). Applying sponge iron filler to a biological filter is imperative; however, the existing biological filter sewage treatment process applying the sponge body filler is not mature, the filter material is easy to block, and the equipment operation stability is poor, so that the development of the sewage purification industry is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for treating sewage by using a biological filter based on sponge iron composite filler, which has long sewage treatment period and good treatment effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for treating sewage by a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler comprises the following steps:
s1, sewage pretreatment;
s11, introducing the sewage to be treated into an adjusting tank, staying for 4-8 hours in the adjusting tank, and adjusting the sewage quantity and the water quality through the adjusting tank;
s12, introducing the sewage subjected to the adjustment treatment in the step S11 into a coagulation tank, adding a composite coagulant into the coagulation tank, and pre-oxidizing the wastewater in the coagulation tank for 2-4 hours; wherein the adding proportion of the composite coagulant is 5-18 g/t;
s13, introducing the supernatant in the coagulation tank obtained in the step S12 into a sedimentation tank, carrying out sedimentation treatment for 7-11 hours, and removing most suspended substances and colloidal substances in the sewage;
s2, biological filter treatment;
s21, preparing sponge iron composite filler;
①, respectively weighing 15-32 parts of sponge iron, 5-12 parts of plagioclase, 3-7 parts of adhesive, 2-5 parts of pore-forming agent and 4-7 parts of deionized water, ② crushing plagioclase into powder with the particle size of 80-120 mu m, stirring the powder with deionized water under the ultrasonic condition of 500-1000W for 0.5-1.2 h to obtain plagioclase suspension, ③ adding the sponge iron, the adhesive and the pore-forming agent into the plagioclase suspension, continuously stirring for 0.8-1.5 h, mechanically processing the obtained material, granulating and then carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the sponge iron composite filler, wherein the particle size of the obtained sponge iron composite filler is 10-15 mm, and the specific surface area is 70-110 cm2(iv)/g, porosity > 98%;
s22, domestication and culture of microbial membranes;
taking 16-28 parts of activated sludge at the bottom of the sedimentation tank in the step S12, adding 1-3 parts of strong magnetic particles and 1-9 parts of sponge iron composite filler into the activated sludge, placing the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler into a culture medium inoculated with denitrifying bacteria, aerating and supplying oxygen, and culturing for 5-8 days at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ to obtain immobilized microorganism filler;
s23, sewage biological filter treatment;
filling the filler frame loaded with the immobilized microorganism filler into a biological filter, introducing the supernatant in the sedimentation tank obtained in the step S13 from the bottom of the biological filter, and passing through the immobilized microorganism filler layer after water is uniformly distributed; meanwhile, aerating equipment is adopted to introduce air from the biological filter to carry out aeration treatment on the sewage; after sewage passes through a microbial filler fixed with denitrifying bacteria, a large amount of organic matters are degraded; wherein the retention time of the sewage in the biological filter tank is 8-12 h, and the gas-water ratio of aeration treatment is 2: 1-6: 1;
s3, physical filtering;
and pumping the effluent of the biological filter into a filter tank, and intercepting fine particles of suspended organic sediment impurities in the sewage by sequentially passing the sewage through a quartz sand filter system, a security filter system and an ultrafiltration membrane filter system.
Further, in step S12, the composite coagulant is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8-15 parts of permanganate, 3-8 parts of fly ash, 5-13 parts of ammonium polyacrylate and 12-18 parts of hydrated aluminum hydroxide; the compound coagulant prepared according to the proportion can improve the coagulation efficiency and the efficiency of removing organic pollutants, algae and turbidity.
Further, in step S21, the binder is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight; 15-26 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8-14 parts of silica fume, 5-9 parts of sorbitol, 6-9 parts of nitrile rubber, 6-9 parts of butyl acrylate and 11-17 parts of dihydrate gypsum; the preparation method of the adhesive comprises the following steps: firstly, putting butyl acrylate and nitrile-butadiene rubber into an internal mixer, carrying out internal mixing, and uniformly stirring; adding the banburied raw materials into a grinding machine, adding ammonium sulfate, sorbitol, silica fume and dihydrate gypsum into the grinding machine, and grinding to 500-800 meshes to obtain the adhesive; the adhesive prepared by the invention has high bonding strength, and enhances the mechanical strength and impact load resistance of the sponge iron composite filler.
Further, in step S21, the pore-forming agent is obtained by carbonizing the dried wood chips at a high temperature; the composite filler of the invention is added with the pore-forming agent, so that the specific surface area and the porosity of the filler are both improved.
Further, after step S21 is completed, the sponge iron composite filler is modified by the following specific operations: washing the sponge iron composite filler with clear water, soaking for 2-4 hours with 3-5% of HC1, continuously stirring and rolling the solution in the soaking process for 3-5 hours, taking out and drying for later use; and secondly, putting the dried sponge iron composite filler into a water solution containing 0.008% of cationic polyacrylamide, soaking for 8-15 h, washing with water, and draining off water to obtain the modified sponge iron composite filler.
Further, in step S23, after the biological filter tank operates for 8 to 15 days, performing backwashing treatment on the biological filter tank, specifically: stopping supplying water to the biological filter, reducing the liquid level of the sewage to 8-15% of the height of the immobilized microorganism filler in the biological filter, keeping for 1-3 min, then performing backwashing for 5-10 min, and performing backwashing for 5-10 min; by carrying out the back flushing treatment on the biological filter, microorganisms attached to the surface of the sponge iron composite filler fall off, and the filter material is prevented from being blocked, so that the running stability of the biological filter is ensured.
Further, after step S3 is completed, performing ozone sterilization treatment on the effluent of the sedimentation tank; through ozone sterilization treatment, pathogenic bacteria and harmful microorganisms in sewage can be effectively killed, the propagation ways of the pathogenic bacteria and the harmful microorganisms in the external environment are effectively cut off, and the water safety is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the strong magnetic particles are rare earth strong magnetic particles with the particle size of 2-8 mm, the main components are metal neodymium, pure iron and ferroboron, and the magnetic induction intensity of the rare earth strong magnetic particles is 5000-8000 Gs; the rare earth ferromagnetic particles have the characteristics of small volume, light weight and strong magnetism, and can be quickly and firmly adsorbed on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler to promote the microbial biofilm formation on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the process flow of the invention is reasonable in design, and sewage is pretreated before entering the biological filter, so that most suspended substances and colloidal substances in the sewage are removed, the treatment load of the subsequent biological filter is reduced, and the risk of blockage of the biological filter is also reduced; the sponge iron composite filler is used, and the filler is activated and modified, so that the biofilm formation efficiency of microorganisms is greatly improved, the sponge iron composite filler does not need to be regenerated in the using process and can be continuously used until the sponge iron composite filler is completely dissolved, the service cycle of the biological filter is prolonged, and the operating cost of sewage treatment equipment is saved; the sewage treated by the biological filter tank is ultrafiltered and disinfected again, can completely reach the standard of domestic water of residents, and has great positive significance for protecting and utilizing water resources.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a method for treating sewage by a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler comprises the following steps:
s1, sewage pretreatment;
s11, introducing the sewage to be treated into a regulating reservoir, staying for 4 hours in the regulating reservoir, and regulating the sewage quantity and the water quality through the regulating reservoir;
s12, introducing the sewage subjected to the adjustment treatment in the step S11 into a coagulation tank, adding a composite coagulant into the coagulation tank, and pre-oxidizing the wastewater in the coagulation tank for 2 hours; wherein the adding proportion of the composite coagulant is 5 g/t; the compound coagulant is a commercial polymerized iron-based compound coagulant for treating sewage;
s13, introducing the supernatant in the coagulation tank in the step S12 into a sedimentation tank, carrying out sedimentation treatment for 7 hours, and removing most suspended substances and colloidal substances in the sewage;
s2, biological filter treatment;
s21, preparing sponge iron composite filler;
① the preparation method comprises respectively weighing 15 parts of sponge iron, 5 parts of plagioclase feldspar, 3 parts of adhesive, 2 parts of pore-forming agent and 4 parts of deionized water, ② pulverizing plagioclase feldspar into powder with particle size of 80 μm, and mixing with water③ adding sponge iron, adhesive and pore-forming agent into the anorthite suspension, continuing stirring for 0.8h, granulating the obtained material by mechanical processing, and vacuum drying to obtain the sponge iron composite filler, wherein the particle diameter of the obtained sponge iron composite filler is 10mm, the specific surface area is 70cm2(iv)/g, porosity 98%; the adhesive is a commercial industrial briquette adhesive, and the pore-forming agent is a commercial ammonium bicarbonate pore-forming agent;
s22, domestication and culture of microbial membranes;
taking 16 parts of activated sludge at the bottom of the sedimentation tank in the step S12, adding 1 part of strong magnetic particles and 3 parts of sponge iron composite filler into the activated sludge, placing the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler into a culture medium inoculated with denitrifying bacteria, aerating and supplying oxygen, and culturing for 5-8 days at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ to obtain immobilized microorganism filler; wherein the inoculation amount of the denitrifying bacteria is 3 percent, and the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler is 8:2: 5; the strong magnetic particles are rare earth strong magnetic particles with the particle size of 2mm, the main components of the strong magnetic particles are metal neodymium, pure iron and ferroboron, the magnetic induction intensity of the rare earth strong magnetic particles is 5000Gs, and the rare earth strong magnetic particles have the characteristics of small volume, light weight and strong magnetism, can be quickly and firmly adsorbed on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler, and promote the microbial biofilm formation on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler;
s23, sewage biological filter treatment;
filling the filler frame loaded with the immobilized microorganism filler into a biological filter, introducing the supernatant in the sedimentation tank obtained in the step S13 from the bottom of the biological filter, and passing through the immobilized microorganism filler layer after water is uniformly distributed; meanwhile, aerating equipment is adopted to introduce air from the biological filter to carry out aeration treatment on the sewage; after sewage passes through a microbial filler fixed with denitrifying bacteria, a large amount of organic matters are degraded; wherein the retention time of the sewage in the biological filter tank is 8 hours, and the gas-water ratio of aeration treatment is 2: 1;
s3, physical filtering;
and pumping the effluent of the biological filter into a filter tank, and intercepting fine particles of suspended organic sediment impurities in the sewage by sequentially passing the sewage through a quartz sand filter system, a security filter system and an ultrafiltration membrane filter system.
Example 2: a method for treating sewage by a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler comprises the following steps:
s1, sewage pretreatment;
s11, introducing the wastewater to be treated into a regulating reservoir, staying for 6 hours in the regulating reservoir, and regulating the amount and quality of the wastewater through the regulating reservoir;
s12, introducing the sewage subjected to the adjustment treatment in the step S11 into a coagulation tank, adding a composite coagulant into the coagulation tank, and pre-oxidizing the wastewater in the coagulation tank for 3 hours; wherein the adding proportion of the composite coagulant is 12 g/t; the composite coagulant is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of permanganate, 3 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of polyacrylic acid ammonia and 12 parts of hydrated aluminum hydroxide; the compound coagulant prepared according to the proportion can improve the coagulation efficiency and the efficiency of removing organic pollutants, algae and turbidity;
s13, introducing the supernatant in the coagulation tank obtained in the step S12 into a sedimentation tank, and carrying out sedimentation treatment for 9 hours to remove most suspended substances and colloidal substances in the sewage;
s2, biological filter treatment;
s21, preparing sponge iron composite filler;
① weighing the following raw materials, by weight, 26 parts of sponge iron, 9 parts of plagioclase feldspar, 5 parts of adhesive, 4 parts of pore-forming agent and 6 parts of deionized water, ② crushing the plagioclase feldspar into powder with the particle size of 95 microns, stirring the powder with the deionized water for 0.8 hour under the ultrasonic condition of 890W to obtain plagioclase feldspar suspension, ③ adding the sponge iron, the adhesive and the pore-forming agent into the plagioclase feldspar suspension, continuously stirring for 1.1 hour, mechanically processing and granulating the obtained material, and then performing vacuum drying to obtain the sponge iron composite filler, wherein the particle size of the obtained sponge iron composite filler is 12mm, and the specific surface area is 93cm2(ii)/g, porosity 99%; the pore-forming agent is obtained by carbonizing dry wood chips at high temperature; the composite filler of the invention is added with the pore-forming agent, so that the specific surface area of the fillerAnd porosity are improved; the adhesive is a commercial industrial briquette adhesive;
s22, domestication and culture of microbial membranes;
taking 23 parts of activated sludge at the bottom of the sedimentation tank in the step S12, adding 2 parts of strong magnetic particles and 5 parts of sponge iron composite filler into the activated sludge, placing the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler into a culture medium inoculated with denitrifying bacteria, aerating and supplying oxygen, and culturing for 6 days at the temperature of 19 ℃ to obtain immobilized microorganism filler; wherein the inoculation amount of the denitrifying bacteria is 3 percent, and the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler is 8:2: 5; the strong magnetic particles are rare earth strong magnetic particles with the particle size of 4mm, the main components of the strong magnetic particles are metal neodymium, pure iron and ferroboron, the magnetic induction intensity of the rare earth strong magnetic particles is 5000Gs, and the rare earth strong magnetic particles have the characteristics of small volume, light weight and strong magnetism, can be quickly and firmly adsorbed on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler, and promote the microbial biofilm formation on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler;
s23, sewage biological filter treatment;
filling the filler frame loaded with the immobilized microorganism filler into a biological filter, introducing the supernatant in the sedimentation tank obtained in the step S13 from the bottom of the biological filter, and passing through the immobilized microorganism filler layer after water is uniformly distributed; meanwhile, aerating equipment is adopted to introduce air from the biological filter to carry out aeration treatment on the sewage; after sewage passes through a microbial filler fixed with denitrifying bacteria, a large amount of organic matters are degraded; wherein the retention time of the sewage in the biological filter tank is 9 hours, and the gas-water ratio of aeration treatment is 4: 1;
s3, physical filtering;
and pumping the effluent of the biological filter into a filter tank, and intercepting fine particles of suspended organic sediment impurities in the sewage by sequentially passing the sewage through a quartz sand filter system, a security filter system and an ultrafiltration membrane filter system.
Example 3: a method for treating sewage by a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler comprises the following steps:
s1, sewage pretreatment;
s11, introducing the wastewater to be treated into a regulating reservoir, staying for 8 hours in the regulating reservoir, and regulating the amount and quality of the wastewater through the regulating reservoir;
s12, introducing the sewage subjected to the adjustment treatment in the step S11 into a coagulation tank, adding a composite coagulant into the coagulation tank, and pre-oxidizing the wastewater in the coagulation tank for 4 hours; wherein the adding proportion of the composite coagulant is 18 g/t; the compound coagulant is a commercial polymerized iron-based compound coagulant for treating sewage;
s13, introducing the supernatant in the coagulation tank obtained in the step S12 into a sedimentation tank, and carrying out sedimentation treatment for 11 hours to remove most suspended substances and colloidal substances in the sewage;
s2, biological filter treatment;
s21, preparing sponge iron composite filler;
① weighing 32 parts of sponge iron, 12 parts of plagioclase feldspar, 7 parts of adhesive, 5 parts of pore-forming agent and 7 parts of deionized water, ② crushing the plagioclase feldspar into powder with the particle size of 120 mu m, stirring the powder with the deionized water for 1.2 hours under the ultrasonic condition of 1000W to obtain plagioclase feldspar suspension, ③ adding the sponge iron, the adhesive and the pore-forming agent into the plagioclase feldspar suspension, continuously stirring for 1.5 hours, mechanically processing and granulating the obtained material, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the sponge iron composite filler, wherein the particle size of the obtained sponge iron composite filler is 15mm, and the specific surface area is 110cm2The adhesive is prepared by ① putting butyl acrylate and butadiene acrylonitrile rubber into an internal mixer, banburying, and uniformly stirring, ② adding the banburied raw materials into a grinding machine, adding ammonium sulfate, sorbitol, silica fume and dihydrate gypsum into the grinding machine, and grinding to 800 meshes to obtain the adhesive, wherein the adhesive prepared by the invention has high bonding strength, and enhances the mechanical strength and impact load resistance of the sponge iron composite filler;
s22, domestication and culture of microbial membranes;
taking 28 parts of activated sludge at the bottom of the sedimentation tank in the step S12, adding 2 parts of strong magnetic particles and 8 parts of sponge iron composite filler into the activated sludge, placing the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler into a culture medium inoculated with denitrifying bacteria, aerating and supplying oxygen, and culturing for 8 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain immobilized microorganism filler; wherein the inoculation amount of the denitrifying bacteria is 3 percent, and the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler is 8:2: 5; the strong magnetic particles are rare earth strong magnetic particles, the main components of the strong magnetic particles are metal neodymium, pure iron and ferroboron, the magnetic induction intensity of the rare earth strong magnetic particles is 5000Gs, the particle size is 6mm, the rare earth strong magnetic particles have the characteristics of small volume, light weight and strong magnetism, and can be quickly and firmly adsorbed on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler to promote the microbial biofilm formation on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler;
s23, sewage biological filter treatment;
filling the filler frame loaded with the immobilized microorganism filler into a biological filter, introducing the supernatant in the sedimentation tank obtained in the step S13 from the bottom of the biological filter, and passing through the immobilized microorganism filler layer after water is uniformly distributed; meanwhile, aerating equipment is adopted to introduce air from the biological filter to carry out aeration treatment on the sewage; after sewage passes through a microbial filler fixed with denitrifying bacteria, a large amount of organic matters are degraded; wherein the retention time of the sewage in the biological filter tank is 12 hours, and the gas-water ratio of aeration treatment is 6: 1;
s3, physical filtering;
and pumping the effluent of the biological filter into a filter tank, and intercepting fine particles of suspended organic sediment impurities in the sewage by sequentially passing the sewage through a quartz sand filter system, a security filter system and an ultrafiltration membrane filter system.
Example 4: a method for treating sewage by a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler comprises the following steps:
s1, sewage pretreatment;
s11, introducing the wastewater to be treated into a regulating reservoir, staying for 5 hours in the regulating reservoir, and regulating the amount and quality of the wastewater through the regulating reservoir;
s12, introducing the sewage subjected to the adjustment treatment in the step S11 into a coagulation tank, adding a composite coagulant into the coagulation tank, and pre-oxidizing the wastewater in the coagulation tank for 3 hours; wherein the adding proportion of the composite coagulant is 13 g/t; the compound coagulant is a commercial polymerized iron-based compound coagulant for treating sewage;
s13, introducing the supernatant in the coagulation tank obtained in the step S12 into a sedimentation tank, and carrying out sedimentation treatment for 9 hours to remove most suspended substances and colloidal substances in the sewage;
s2, biological filter treatment;
s21, preparing sponge iron composite filler;
① weighing 32 parts of sponge iron, 12 parts of plagioclase feldspar, 7 parts of adhesive, 5 parts of pore-forming agent and 7 parts of deionized water, ② crushing the plagioclase feldspar into powder with the particle size of 120 mu m, stirring the powder with the deionized water for 1.2 hours under the ultrasonic condition of 1000W to obtain plagioclase feldspar suspension, ③ adding the sponge iron, the adhesive and the pore-forming agent into the plagioclase feldspar suspension, continuously stirring for 1.5 hours, granulating the obtained material through mechanical processing, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the sponge iron composite filler, wherein the particle size of the obtained sponge iron composite filler is 15mm, and the specific surface area is 110cm2① washing the sponge iron composite filler with clean water, soaking the sponge iron composite filler in 3% HC1 for 2h, continuously stirring and rolling the solution in the soaking process for 3h, taking out and drying the sponge iron composite filler for later use, ② putting the dried sponge iron composite filler into an aqueous solution containing 0.008% of cationic polyacrylamide, soaking for 8h, washing and draining water to obtain the modified sponge iron composite filler, and modifying the sponge iron composite filler to promote microbial filming, promote sewage treatment efficiency and prolong the service life of the sponge iron composite filler;
s22, domestication and culture of microbial membranes;
taking 28 parts of activated sludge at the bottom of the sedimentation tank in the step S12, adding 3 parts of strong magnetic particles and 7 parts of sponge iron composite filler into the activated sludge, placing the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler into a culture medium inoculated with denitrifying bacteria, aerating and supplying oxygen, and culturing for 8 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain immobilized microorganism filler; wherein the inoculation amount of the denitrifying bacteria is 3 percent, and the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler is 8:2: 5; the strong magnetic particles are rare earth strong magnetic particles, the main components of the strong magnetic particles are metal neodymium, pure iron and ferroboron, the magnetic induction intensity of the rare earth strong magnetic particles is 5000Gs, the particle size is 8mm, the rare earth strong magnetic particles have the characteristics of small volume, light weight and strong magnetism, and can be quickly and firmly adsorbed on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler to promote the microbial biofilm formation on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler;
s23, sewage biological filter treatment;
filling the filler frame loaded with the immobilized microorganism filler into a biological filter, introducing the supernatant in the sedimentation tank obtained in the step S13 from the bottom of the biological filter, and passing through the immobilized microorganism filler layer after water is uniformly distributed; meanwhile, aerating equipment is adopted to introduce air from the biological filter to carry out aeration treatment on the sewage; after sewage passes through a microbial filler fixed with denitrifying bacteria, a large amount of organic matters are degraded; wherein the retention time of the sewage in the biological filter tank is 11h, and the gas-water ratio of aeration treatment is 5: 1;
s3, physical filtering;
and pumping the effluent of the biological filter into a filter tank, and intercepting fine particles of suspended organic sediment impurities in the sewage by sequentially passing the sewage through a quartz sand filter system, a security filter system and an ultrafiltration membrane filter system.
Example 5: a method for treating sewage by a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler comprises the following steps:
s1, sewage pretreatment;
s11, introducing the wastewater to be treated into a regulating reservoir, staying for 4 hours in the regulating reservoir, and regulating the amount and quality of the wastewater through the regulating reservoir;
s12, introducing the sewage subjected to the adjustment treatment in the step S11 into a coagulation tank, adding a composite coagulant into the coagulation tank, and pre-oxidizing the wastewater in the coagulation tank for 2 hours; wherein the adding proportion of the composite coagulant is 5 g/t; the composite coagulant is a commercial polymerized iron-based composite coagulant for sewage treatment;
s13, introducing the supernatant in the coagulation tank in the step S12 into a sedimentation tank, carrying out sedimentation treatment for 7 hours, and removing most suspended substances and colloidal substances in the sewage;
s2, biological filter treatment;
s21, preparing sponge iron composite filler;
① weighing 32 parts of sponge iron, 7 parts of plagioclase, 7 parts of adhesive, 3 parts of pore-forming agent and 5 parts of deionized water, ② crushing plagioclase into powder with the particle size of 120 mu m, stirring the powder with deionized water under 900W ultrasonic wave for 0.8h to obtain plagioclase suspension, ③ adding the sponge iron, the adhesive and the pore-forming agent into the plagioclase suspension, continuously stirring for 0.h, mechanically processing and granulating the obtained material, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the sponge iron composite filler, wherein the particle size of the obtained sponge iron composite filler is 15mm, and the specific surface area is 70cm2①, washing the sponge iron composite filler with clean water, soaking the sponge iron composite filler in 3% HC1 for 2 hours, continuously stirring and rolling the solution in the soaking process for more than 3 hours, taking out the sponge iron composite filler and drying the sponge iron composite filler for later use, ②, putting the dried sponge iron composite filler into an aqueous solution containing 0.008% of cationic polyacrylamide, soaking the sponge iron composite filler for 8 hours, washing the sponge iron composite filler with water and draining the water to obtain the modified sponge iron composite filler, wherein the modified sponge iron composite filler can promote microbial biofilm formation, promote sewage treatment efficiency and prolong the service life of the sponge iron composite filler;
s22, domestication and culture of microbial membranes;
taking 28 parts of activated sludge at the bottom of the sedimentation tank in the step S12, adding 2 parts of strong magnetic particles and 8 parts of sponge iron composite filler into the activated sludge, placing the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler into a culture medium inoculated with denitrifying bacteria, aerating and supplying oxygen, and culturing for 8 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain immobilized microorganism filler; wherein the inoculation amount of the denitrifying bacteria is 3 percent, and the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler is 8:2: 5; the strong magnetic particles are rare earth strong magnetic particles, the main components of the strong magnetic particles are metal neodymium, pure iron and ferroboron, the magnetic induction intensity of the rare earth strong magnetic particles is 5000Gs, the particle size is 5mm, the rare earth strong magnetic particles have the characteristics of small volume, light weight and strong magnetism, and can be quickly and firmly adsorbed on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler to promote the microbial biofilm formation on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler;
s23, sewage biological filter treatment;
filling the filler frame loaded with the immobilized microorganism filler into a biological filter, introducing the supernatant in the sedimentation tank obtained in the step S13 from the bottom of the biological filter, and passing through the immobilized microorganism filler layer after water is uniformly distributed; meanwhile, aerating equipment is adopted to introduce air from the biological filter to carry out aeration treatment on the sewage; after sewage passes through a microbial filler fixed with denitrifying bacteria, a large amount of organic matters are degraded; wherein the retention time of the sewage in the biological filter tank is 9 hours, and the gas-water ratio of aeration treatment is 6: 1; after the biological filter tank runs for 11 days, performing backwashing treatment on the biological filter tank, and specifically operating as follows: stopping supplying water to the biological filter, reducing the sewage level to 12% of the height of the immobilized microorganism filler in the biological filter, keeping for 2min, then performing backwashing for 8min, and performing backwashing for 7 min; by carrying out the back flushing treatment on the biological filter, microorganisms attached to the surface of the sponge iron composite filler fall off, and the filter material is prevented from being blocked, so that the running stability of the biological filter is ensured;
s3, physical filtering;
and pumping the effluent of the biological filter into a filter tank, and intercepting fine particles of suspended organic sediment impurities in the sewage by sequentially passing the sewage through a quartz sand filter system, a security filter system and an ultrafiltration membrane filter system.
Example 6: a method for treating sewage by a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler comprises the following steps:
s1, sewage pretreatment;
s11, introducing the wastewater to be treated into a regulating reservoir, staying for 8 hours in the regulating reservoir, and regulating the amount and quality of the wastewater through the regulating reservoir;
s12, introducing the sewage subjected to the adjustment treatment in the step S11 into a coagulation tank, adding a composite coagulant into the coagulation tank, and pre-oxidizing the wastewater in the coagulation tank for 4 hours; wherein the adding proportion of the composite coagulant is 18 g/t; the composite coagulant is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 15 parts of permanganate, 8 parts of fly ash, 13 parts of polyacrylic acid ammonia and 18 parts of hydrated aluminum hydroxide; the compound coagulant under the proportion can improve the coagulation efficiency and the efficiency of removing organic pollutants, algae and turbidity;
s13, introducing the supernatant in the coagulation tank in the step S12 into a sedimentation tank, carrying out sedimentation treatment for 7 hours, and removing most suspended substances and colloidal substances in the sewage;
s2, biological filter treatment;
s21, preparing sponge iron composite filler;
① weighing 32 parts of sponge iron, 12 parts of plagioclase feldspar, 7 parts of adhesive, 5 parts of pore-forming agent and 7 parts of deionized water, ② crushing the plagioclase feldspar into powder with the particle size of 120 mu m, stirring the powder with the deionized water for 1.2 hours under the ultrasonic condition of 1000W to obtain plagioclase feldspar suspension, ③ adding the sponge iron, the adhesive and the pore-forming agent into the plagioclase feldspar suspension, continuously stirring for 1.5 hours, mechanically processing and granulating the obtained material, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the sponge iron composite filler, wherein the particle size of the obtained sponge iron composite filler is 14mm, and the specific surface area is 110cm2(ii)/g, porosity 99%; the pore-forming agent is obtained by carbonizing dry wood chips at high temperature; the composite filler of the invention is added with the pore-forming agent, so that the specific surface area and the porosity of the filler are both improved; the adhesive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight; 26 parts of ammonium sulfate, 14 parts of silica fume, 9 parts of sorbitol and butyronitrileThe adhesive is prepared by ① putting butyl acrylate and nitrile rubber into an internal mixer, banburying and uniformly stirring, ② adding the banburied raw materials into a grinder, adding ammonium sulfate, sorbitol, silica fume and dihydrate gypsum into the grinder, and grinding to 800 meshes to obtain the adhesive, wherein the adhesive prepared by the invention has high bonding strength, enhances the mechanical strength and impact load resistance of the sponge iron composite filler, and is modified by the steps of washing the sponge iron composite filler with clean water ①, soaking the sponge iron composite filler with 5% HC1 for 4 hours, continuously stirring and rolling the solution in the soaking process for 5 hours, taking out and drying for later use, ② putting the dried sponge iron composite filler into a 0.008% aqueous solution containing cationic polyacrylamide, soaking for 15 hours, washing with water and draining water to obtain the modified sponge iron composite filler, and modifying the sponge iron composite filler to promote the biofilm formation of the microbial biofilm formation and prolong the sewage treatment efficiency and prolong the use period of the sponge iron composite filler;
s22, domestication and culture of microbial membranes;
taking 28 parts of activated sludge at the bottom of the sedimentation tank in the step S12, adding 3 parts of strong magnetic particles and 8 parts of sponge iron composite filler into the activated sludge, placing the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler into a culture medium inoculated with denitrifying bacteria, aerating and supplying oxygen, and culturing for 8 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain immobilized microorganism filler; wherein the inoculation amount of the denitrifying bacteria is 3 percent, and the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler is 8:2: 5; the strong magnetic particles are rare earth strong magnetic particles, the main components of the strong magnetic particles are metal neodymium, pure iron and ferroboron, the magnetic induction intensity of the rare earth strong magnetic particles is 5000Gs, the particle size is 5mm, the rare earth strong magnetic particles have the characteristics of small volume, light weight and strong magnetism, and can be quickly and firmly adsorbed on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler to promote the microbial biofilm formation on the surface of the sponge iron composite filler;
s23, sewage biological filter treatment;
filling the filler frame loaded with the immobilized microorganism filler into a biological filter, introducing the supernatant in the sedimentation tank obtained in the step S13 from the bottom of the biological filter, and passing through the immobilized microorganism filler layer after water is uniformly distributed; meanwhile, aerating equipment is adopted to introduce air from the biological filter to carry out aeration treatment on the sewage; after sewage passes through a microbial filler fixed with denitrifying bacteria, a large amount of organic matters are degraded; wherein the retention time of the sewage in the biological filter tank is 12 hours, and the gas-water ratio of aeration treatment is 6: 1; after the biological filter tank operates for 15 days, performing backwashing treatment on the biological filter tank, and specifically operating as follows: stopping supplying water to the biological filter, reducing the sewage level to 15% of the height of the immobilized microorganism filler in the biological filter, keeping for 3min, then performing backwashing for 10min, and performing backwashing for 10 min; by carrying out the back flushing treatment on the biological filter, microorganisms attached to the surface of the sponge iron composite filler fall off, and the filter material is prevented from being blocked, so that the running stability of the biological filter is ensured.
S3, physical filtering;
pumping the effluent of the biological filter into a filter tank, and intercepting fine particles of suspended organic sediment impurities in sewage by sequentially passing the sewage through a quartz sand filter system, a security filter system and an ultrafiltration membrane filter system; carrying out ozone sterilization treatment on the effluent of the sedimentation tank; through ozone sterilization treatment, pathogenic bacteria and harmful microorganisms in sewage can be effectively killed, the propagation ways of the pathogenic bacteria and the harmful microorganisms in the external environment are effectively cut off, and the water safety is guaranteed.
Experimental example: the method of the embodiment 1-6 of the invention is used for treating domestic sewage of a certain city in the south of China, the treatment period is 1 year, the inflow water sample and the outflow water sample are collected at the end of each month and are continuously collected for 12 months, and the average index of the inflow water quality is measured as follows: COD 210mg/L, TN 25mg/L, TP 6mg/L, SS 56mg/L, NH3-N11.5 mg/L; the measured average index of the effluent quality is shown in table 1:
table 1 shows the average index of the water quality of the wastewater treated in examples 1 to 6;
as can be seen from table 1, in example 2, compared with example 1, the composite coagulant prepared in this example can improve the coagulation efficiency of sulfur-containing substances and phosphorus-containing substances in sewage, and has a promoting effect on the purification and extraction of sulfides and phosphides in sewage; compared with the embodiment 1, in the preparation process of the sponge iron composite filler, the adhesive prepared by the embodiment is adopted, so that the mechanical strength and impact load resistance of the sponge iron composite filler are enhanced, and the purification effect of the sponge iron composite filler on high-concentration organic pollutants in sewage is further improved; compared with the embodiment 1, the sponge iron composite filler of the embodiment is modified before use, so that the microbial biofilm formation on the filler can be promoted, the sewage treatment efficiency is promoted, and the service life of the sponge iron composite filler is prolonged.
Claims (9)
1. A method for treating sewage by a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sewage pretreatment;
s11, introducing the sewage to be treated into an adjusting tank, staying for 4-8 hours in the adjusting tank, and adjusting the sewage quantity and the water quality through the adjusting tank;
s12, introducing the sewage subjected to the adjustment treatment in the step S11 into a coagulation tank, adding a composite coagulant into the coagulation tank, and pre-oxidizing the wastewater in the coagulation tank for 2-4 hours; wherein the adding proportion of the composite coagulant is 5-18 g/t;
s13, introducing the supernatant in the coagulation tank obtained in the step S12 into a sedimentation tank, carrying out sedimentation treatment for 7-11 hours, and removing most suspended substances and colloidal substances in the sewage;
s2, biological filter treatment;
s21, preparing sponge iron composite filler;
①, respectively weighing 15-32 parts of sponge iron, 5-12 parts of plagioclase, 3-7 parts of adhesive, 2-5 parts of pore-forming agent and 4-7 parts of deionized water, ② crushing plagioclase into powder with the particle size of 80-120 mu m, stirring with the deionized water under the ultrasonic condition of 500-1000W for 0.5-1.2 h,③ adding sponge iron, an adhesive and a pore-forming agent into the plagioclase feldspar suspension, continuing stirring for 0.8-1.5 h, performing mechanical processing granulation on the obtained material, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the sponge iron composite filler, wherein the particle size of the obtained sponge iron composite filler is 10-15 mm, and the specific surface area is 70-110 cm2(iv)/g, porosity > 98%;
s22, domestication and culture of microbial membranes;
taking 16-28 parts of activated sludge at the bottom of the sedimentation tank in the step S12, adding 1-3 parts of strong magnetic particles and 1-9 parts of sponge iron composite filler into the activated sludge, placing the activated sludge, the strong magnetic particles and the sponge iron composite filler into a culture medium inoculated with denitrifying bacteria, aerating and supplying oxygen, and culturing for 5-8 days at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ to obtain immobilized microorganism filler;
s23, sewage biological filter treatment;
filling the filler frame loaded with the immobilized microorganism filler into a biological filter, introducing supernatant in the sedimentation tank in the step S13 from the bottom of the biological filter, and passing through the immobilized microorganism filler layer after uniform water distribution; meanwhile, aerating equipment is adopted to introduce air from the biological filter to carry out aeration treatment on the sewage; after sewage passes through a microbial filler fixed with denitrifying bacteria, a large amount of organic matters are degraded; wherein the retention time of the sewage in the biological filter tank is 8-12 h, and the gas-water ratio of aeration treatment is 2: 1-6: 1;
s3, physical filtering;
and pumping the effluent of the biological filter into a filter tank, and intercepting fine particles of suspended organic sediment impurities in the sewage by sequentially passing the sewage through a quartz sand filter system, a security filter system and an ultrafiltration membrane filter system.
2. The method for sewage treatment in a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler according to claim 1, wherein in step S12, the composite coagulant is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8-15 parts of permanganate, 3-8 parts of fly ash, 5-13 parts of ammonium polyacrylate and 12-18 parts of hydrated aluminum hydroxide.
3. The method for sewage treatment in a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler according to claim 1, wherein in step S21, said binder is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight; 15-26 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8-14 parts of silica fume, 5-9 parts of sorbitol, 6-9 parts of nitrile rubber, 6-9 parts of butyl acrylate and 11-17 parts of dihydrate gypsum; the preparation method of the adhesive comprises the following steps: putting the butyl acrylate and the nitrile-butadiene rubber into an internal mixer, mixing, and uniformly stirring; secondly, adding the banburied raw materials into a grinding machine, adding ammonium sulfate, sorbitol, silica fume and dihydrate gypsum into the grinding machine, and grinding to 500-800 meshes to obtain the adhesive.
4. The method for sewage treatment in a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler according to claim 1, wherein in step S21, said pore-forming agent is obtained by high temperature carbonization of dried wood chips.
5. The method for sewage treatment in a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler according to claim 1, wherein after step S21 is completed, the sponge iron composite filler is modified by the following specific operations: washing the sponge iron composite filler with clear water, soaking for 2-4 hours with 3-5% HC1, continuously stirring and rolling the solution in the soaking process for 3-5 hours, taking out and drying for later use; and secondly, putting the dried sponge iron composite filler into a water solution containing 0.008% of cationic polyacrylamide, soaking for 8-15 h, washing with water, and draining to obtain the modified sponge iron composite filler.
6. The method for treating sewage in a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler according to claim 1, wherein in step S23, after the biofilter runs for 8-15 days, the backwashing treatment is performed on the biofilter, specifically comprising: stopping supplying water to the biological filter, reducing the sewage level to 8-15% of the height of the immobilized microorganism filler in the biological filter, keeping for 1-3 min, then performing backwashing for 5-10 min, and performing backwashing for 5-10 min.
7. The method for sewage treatment in the biofilter based on the sponge iron composite filler according to claim 1, wherein after step S3 is completed, ozone sterilization treatment is performed on the effluent of the sedimentation tank.
8. The method for sewage treatment in a biofilter based on sponge iron composite filler according to claim 1, wherein in step S22, said ferromagnetic particles are rare earth ferromagnetic particles with a particle size of 2-8 mm.
9. The method for sewage treatment in the biofilter based on the sponge iron composite filler according to claim 1, wherein after step S3 is completed, ozone disinfection treatment is performed on the effluent of the sedimentation tank.
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