CN110563134B - Anaerobic membrane bioreactor and application thereof in sewage treatment - Google Patents

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor and application thereof in sewage treatment Download PDF

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CN110563134B
CN110563134B CN201910875797.2A CN201910875797A CN110563134B CN 110563134 B CN110563134 B CN 110563134B CN 201910875797 A CN201910875797 A CN 201910875797A CN 110563134 B CN110563134 B CN 110563134B
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iron
based material
anaerobic
membrane
membrane bioreactor
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CN110563134A (en
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黄霞
张硕
梁鹏
张潇源
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2853—Anaerobic digestion processes using anaerobic membrane bioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2866—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/101—Sulfur compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations

Abstract

The invention discloses an anaerobic membrane bioreactor which comprises a shell, a hollow membrane body and an iron-based material, wherein the hollow membrane body and the iron-based material are arranged in an inner cavity of the shell, a sewage inlet and a purified water outlet are formed in the shell, the hollow membrane body comprises a membrane shell and a closed purified water cavity formed by surrounding of the membrane shell, the purified water cavity is communicated with the purified water outlet through a pipe body, the iron-based material is arranged outside the hollow membrane body, iron in the iron-based material is a zero-valent iron simple substance, and the iron-based material is a passive iron-based material. The invention also discloses an application of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor.

Description

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor and application thereof in sewage treatment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to an anaerobic membrane bioreactor and application thereof in sewage treatment.
Background
The anaerobic membrane bioreactor is a water treatment process for coupling a high-efficiency anaerobic biological technology with a membrane separation technology, has the advantages of high effluent quality, small occupied area, energy recovery, less excess sludge and the like, and is rapidly developed in recent years. The application of this technique still faces some challenges.
First, membrane fouling is a significant bottleneck limiting the application of anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology. In the process of membrane filtration, membrane pollutants in the sludge mixed liquor of the reactor can gradually block membrane pores to form membrane pollution. With the formation of membrane fouling, the reactor water flux decreases, requiring membrane cleaning to remove membrane fouling and restore flux. Thus, membrane fouling can increase the operating and operating costs of the system. The control of membrane pollution becomes an urgent problem to be solved in the technical application of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor. The properties of the sludge mixed liquor are important factors influencing membrane pollution, and the prior art controls the filterability of the sludge mixed liquor by adding flocculating agents such as ferric salt, aluminum salt and the like into a reactor, thereby controlling the membrane pollution. However, the addition of the flocculant introduces some anions, such as sulfate and chloride, which are toxic to anaerobic microorganisms, and thus risks inhibition of anaerobic digestion. In addition, the addition amount of the flocculating agent is not easy to control, the flocculating effect cannot be achieved when the addition amount is too small, and the ferrous hydroxide and the aluminum hydroxide which are formed when the addition amount is too large can become new membrane pollutants.
In addition, especially for sewage containing sulfur, hydrogen sulfide contained in biogas generated by the anaerobic membrane bioreactor can affect the use of biogas, and is a technical challenge faced by the anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Hydrogen sulfide is an acid gas that, when too high in biogas content, can corrode combustion equipment. Therefore, the biogas needs to be desulfurized before use to ensure safe combustion. Before the biogas enters the combustion equipment, the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in the biogas is generally required to be controlled within 200ppm at least.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide an anaerobic membrane bioreactor and an application thereof in sewage treatment, aiming at the problems that the type and the addition amount of the traditional flocculant are not easy to control and the sulfur-containing sewage is not easy to treat.
The utility model provides an anaerobic membrane bioreactor, includes casing, cavity membrane body and iron-based material, the cavity membrane body with iron-based material set up in the inner chamber of casing, be provided with sewage import and water purification export on the casing, the cavity membrane body include the membrane shell and by the inclosed water purification chamber that the membrane shell surrounds the formation, the water purification chamber pass through the body with water purification export intercommunication, iron-based material set up in the outside of cavity membrane body, iron among the iron-based material is zero-valent iron simple substance, iron-based material is passive iron-based material.
In one embodiment, the iron-based material further comprises an inert conductive material, and the inert conductive material and the elemental zero-valent iron are uniformly mixed in the iron-based material.
In one embodiment, the inert conductive material is selected from one or more of carbon, copper and lead.
In one embodiment, the mass percentage of the zero-valent iron simple substance in the iron-based material is 80% -95%.
In one embodiment, the ferrous material in the housing is a plate-like ferrous material, a granular ferrous material, or a mixture of a plate-like ferrous material and a granular ferrous material.
In one embodiment, at least two of the plate-shaped iron-based materials are arranged in the shell, the hollow membrane body is cylindrical, the length of the hollow membrane body extends along the vertical direction of the inner cavity, and the two plate-shaped iron-based materials are respectively arranged on two sides of the hollow membrane body along the direction perpendicular to the length of the hollow membrane body.
In one embodiment, in the vertical direction of the inner cavity, the top end of the iron-based material is closer to the top of the inner cavity than the top end of the hollow membrane body, and the bottom end of the iron-based material is closer to the bottom of the inner cavity than the bottom end of the hollow membrane body.
In one embodiment, the anaerobic membrane bioreactor further comprises a deflector, the deflector is arranged on one side of the iron-based material close to the inner surface of the shell, in the vertical direction of the inner cavity, the top end of the deflector is closer to the top of the inner cavity than the top end of the iron-based material, and the bottom end of the deflector is closer to the bottom of the inner cavity than the bottom end of the iron-based material.
In one embodiment, the sewage inlet and the clean water outlet are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the shell, and the anaerobic membrane bioreactor further comprises an aeration component arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity.
The application of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor in sewage treatment.
In one embodiment, the wastewater is sulfur-containing wastewater.
In one embodiment, the method for sewage treatment comprises the following steps:
inoculating anaerobic sludge in the inner cavity of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor without the iron-based material;
domesticating the anaerobic sludge; and
and arranging the iron-based material in the inner cavity, and introducing the sewage into the inner cavity of the anaerobic membrane reactor to perform sewage treatment under the condition that the iron-based material is controlled not to be electrified.
When the anaerobic membrane bioreactor disclosed by the invention is used for sewage, volatile fatty acid can be released in the anaerobic digestion degradation process of organic matters in the sewage, a zero-valent iron simple substance in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor can react with the volatile fatty acid to form ferrous ions, and the ferrous ions can be hydrolyzed in an anaerobic sludge sewage mixture to generate Fe (OH) with flocculation effect2，Fe(OH)2The floc removes dissolved or colloidal organic matters of membrane pollution in the sludge mixed liquor through the actions of chelation, coprecipitation, physical net capture, colloid destabilization and the like, promotes the particle size growth of the sludge floc, further improves the filterability of the sludge-sewage mixed liquor, slows down the occurrence speed of the membrane pollution and prolongs the membrane pollution period. The zero-valent iron simple substance used in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor is a green and economic material, and compared with the traditional industrial flocculant, the zero-valent iron simple substance does not introduce anions with potential toxicity to anaerobic digestion, and does not introduce excessive inorganic impurities. In addition, the traditional industrial flocculant consumes alkalinity in the flocculation process, but the zero-valent iron adopted by the invention does not only consume alkalinity, but also consumes acidity to resist the acidification of an anaerobic system, and has certain potential benefits for anaerobic digestion.
In addition, since the speed of oxidation of the zero-valent iron to form ferrous ions is extremely high when the elemental zero-valent iron is electrified as an anode, excessive ferrous ions form a large amount of Fe (OH)2Flocs, now largely Fe (OH)2The flocs become new pollutants of the hollow membrane body, and are not beneficial to reducing membrane pollution. The iron-based material is a passive iron-based material, the iron-based material is not electrically connected when the reactor is used, and the zero-valent iron simple substance is converted into ferrous ions by using acid generated in sewage or in the process of anaerobic digestion degradation of organic matters, so that the iron-based material is a passive iron-based material, and the iron-based material is used for preparing the reactorThe amount of formed ferrous ions is moderate, and the effect of reducing membrane pollution can be achieved.
Furthermore, the anaerobic membrane bioreactor is particularly suitable for treating sulfur-containing sewage, hydrogen sulfide can be generated in the anaerobic digestion degradation process of the sulfur-containing sewage, the hydrogen sulfide can be used as an acidic substance to perform an oxidation reduction reaction with a zero-valent iron simple substance to convert the zero-valent iron simple substance into ferrous ions with a flocculation effect, the ferrous ions can reduce membrane pollution through the flocculation effect on one hand, and can react with the sulfur ions in the hydrogen sulfide to form FeS precipitates on the other hand, so that the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor and in anaerobically collected biogas is reduced, and the effects of protecting and improving the service life of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor and improving the quality of the biogas are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the pressure difference across the membrane for the examples and comparative examples;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the content and composition of soluble organic substances in a sludge mixed liquor according to examples and comparative examples;
FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams showing the particle sizes of sludge flocs in reactors according to examples and comparative examples, respectively;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the filtration performance of the sludge mixed liquor of the examples and comparative examples;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in biogas in examples and comparative examples.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an anaerobic membrane bioreactor, including a housing 100, a hollow membrane 200 and an iron-based material 300, where the hollow membrane 200 and the iron-based material 300 are disposed in an inner cavity of the housing 100, the housing 100 is provided with a sewage inlet 110 and a purified water outlet 122, the hollow membrane 200 includes a membrane housing 210 and a closed purified water chamber 220 surrounded by the membrane housing, the purified water chamber 220 is communicated with the purified water outlet 122 through a pipe, the iron-based material is disposed outside the hollow membrane 200, iron in the iron-based material 300 is zero-valent iron, and the iron-based material 300 is a passive elemental iron-based material.
When the anaerobic membrane bioreactor provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for sewage, volatile fatty acid can be released in the anaerobic digestion degradation process of organic matters in the sewage, a zero-valent iron simple substance in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor can react with the volatile fatty acid to form ferrous ions, and the ferrous ions can be hydrolyzed in an anaerobic sludge sewage mixture to generate Fe (OH) with flocculation effect2，Fe(OH)2The floc removes dissolved or colloidal organic matters of membrane pollution in the sludge mixed liquor through the actions of chelation, coprecipitation, physical net capture, colloid destabilization and the like, promotes the particle size growth of the sludge floc, further improves the filterability of the sludge-sewage mixed liquor, slows down the occurrence speed of the membrane pollution and prolongs the membrane pollution period. The anaerobic membrane bioreactor of the embodiment of the inventionCompared with the traditional industrial flocculant, the zero-valent iron simple substance used in the method is a green and economic material, and not only can anions which have potential toxicity to anaerobic digestion be introduced into the zero-valent iron simple substance, but also excessive inorganic impurities can not be introduced into the zero-valent iron simple substance. In addition, the traditional industrial flocculant consumes alkalinity in the flocculation process, but the zero-valent iron adopted by the invention does not only consume alkalinity, but also consumes acidity to resist the acidification of an anaerobic system, and has certain potential benefits for anaerobic digestion.
In addition, since the speed of oxidation of the zero-valent iron to form ferrous ions is extremely high when the elemental zero-valent iron is electrified as an anode, excessive ferrous ions form a large amount of Fe (OH)2Flocs, now largely Fe (OH)2The flocs will become new contaminants of the hollow membrane 200, which is not conducive to reducing membrane fouling. The iron-based material 300 of the embodiment of the invention is a passive iron-based material, when the reactor is used, the iron-based material is not electrically connected, and the zero-valent iron simple substance is converted into ferrous ions by using acid generated in sewage or in the process of anaerobic digestion and degradation of organic matters, so that the quantity of the formed ferrous ions is moderate, and the effect of reducing membrane pollution can be achieved.
Furthermore, the anaerobic membrane bioreactor provided by the embodiment of the invention is especially suitable for treating sulfur-containing sewage, hydrogen sulfide can be generated in the anaerobic digestion degradation process of the sulfur-containing sewage, the hydrogen sulfide can be used as an acidic substance to perform an oxidation reduction reaction with a zero-valent iron simple substance to convert the zero-valent iron simple substance into ferrous ions with a flocculation effect, on one hand, the ferrous ions can reduce membrane pollution through the flocculation effect, on the other hand, the ferrous ions can react with the sulfur ions in the hydrogen sulfide to form FeS precipitates, so that the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor and in anaerobically collected biogas is reduced, and the effects of protecting and improving the service life of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor and improving the quality of the biogas are achieved.
The reaction principle of the anaerobic membrane reactor for treating sewage in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: sewage enters the inner cavity from the sewage inlet 110, anaerobic sludge is inoculated in the inner cavity and is arranged outside the hollow membrane body 200, and organic matters in the sewage are decomposed into inorganic matters by anaerobic microorganisms in the anaerobic sludge and are removed. The water after anaerobic sludge treatment passes through the membrane housing 210 of the hollow membrane body 200 and enters the purified water cavity 220 to become purified water, and the purified water is further collected through the purified water outlet through the pipe body.
In one embodiment, the dirty water inlet 110 and the clean water outlet 122 are disposed at the bottom and the top of the housing 100, respectively. The sewage inlet 110 is arranged at the bottom, so that sewage and anaerobic sludge can enter the hollow membrane body 200 after being fully contacted from bottom to top, and the degradation rate of the sewage is improved. The interior of the hollow membrane body 200 can be communicated with the purified water outlet 122 through the first pipe 124, the first pipe 124 can extend to the purified water collecting device outside the housing 100 of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor, the first pipe 124 can be provided with the membrane suction pump 126, and the purified water inside the hollow membrane body 200 can be sucked into the first pipe 124 through the membrane suction pump 126.
In one embodiment, the top of the housing 100 is provided with a first biogas outlet 132, the first biogas outlet 132 is communicated with a gas collecting device 134 outside the housing 100, and biogas formed by the reaction of anaerobic sludge and organic matters in the sewage is collected in the gas collecting device 134 through the first biogas outlet 132. The anaerobic membrane bioreactor can further comprise an aeration assembly, the aeration assembly can comprise an aeration pipe 146 arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity, a second pipe body 144 connected with the aeration pipe 146 and an aeration pump 148, the top of the shell 100 can also be provided with a second biogas outlet 142, the second biogas outlet 142 can be communicated with the second pipe body 144, a part of the reactor formed in the inner cavity can be collected by the gas collecting device 134, and a part of the reactor can enter the aeration assembly to be used as a gas source for aeration. The aeration component is used for aerating at the bottom of the inner cavity, so that anaerobic sludge and sewage flow in the shell 100, the mass transfer efficiency is improved, and the sewage degradation efficiency is improved.
In one embodiment, the iron-based material 300 in the case 100 is a plate-shaped iron-based material, a granular iron-based material, or a mixture of a plate-shaped iron-based material and a granular iron-based material. Preferably, the iron-based material 300 is fixedly disposed in the inner cavity of the housing 100. In one embodiment, the iron-based material 300 is a plate, and the plate-shaped iron-based material 300 can be fixed at a specific position of the inner cavity through the clamping groove. In another embodiment, the ferrous material 300 is in the form of particles, and the particulate ferrous material 300 can be centrally disposed in a mesh frame that can be fixed in a specific location within the internal cavity. Preferably, the iron-based material 300 may have a porous structure, and the porous structure increases a contact area between the iron-based material 300 and sewage, thereby facilitating flocculation and improving sewage treatment efficiency.
In an embodiment, there are at least two of the plate-shaped iron-based materials 300 in the housing 100, the hollow membrane body 200 has a cylindrical shape, and the length of the hollow membrane body 200 extends along the vertical direction of the inner cavity, that is, the length of the clean water cavity extends along the vertical direction of the inner cavity. In a direction perpendicular to the length of the hollow membrane body 200, that is, in a horizontal direction of the inner cavity, two of the plate-shaped iron-based materials 300 are respectively disposed on both sides of the hollow membrane body 200. The plate-shaped iron-based material 300 is arranged on two sides of the hollow membrane body 200 and plays a role in guiding flow, under the action of the aeration component, anaerobic sludge in the shell 100 can circularly flow around the plate-shaped iron-based material 300, so that the mixing of the anaerobic sludge and sewage is promoted, and the sewage treatment is accelerated. The cylindrical shape of the hollow membrane body can be a square column, a cylindrical shape or an irregular cylindrical shape. Here, the vertical direction of the cavity is a direction from the bottom of the cavity to the top of the cavity.
In an embodiment, the length of the plate-shaped iron-based material 300 extends in a vertical direction of the inner cavity, and the length of the plate-shaped iron-based material 300 may be greater than the length of the hollow membrane body 200. In the vertical direction of the inner cavity, the top end of the iron-based material 300 is closer to the top of the inner cavity than the top end of the hollow membrane body 200, and the bottom end of the iron-based material 300 is closer to the bottom of the inner cavity than the bottom end of the hollow membrane body 200. That is, both ends of the iron-based material protrude from both ends of the hollow membrane body 200, so that the anaerobic sludge can be disturbed at the top and bottom ends of the plate-shaped iron-based material 300, and the circulation flow of the anaerobic sludge is stronger.
Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment, the anaerobic membrane bioreactor may further include a flow guide plate 400, a length of the flow guide plate 400 is arranged along a vertical direction of the inner cavity, a length of the flow guide plate 400 may be greater than a length of the iron-based material 300, and the flow guide plate 400 may be arranged on a side of the iron-based material 300 close to the inner surface of the housing 100. In the vertical direction of the inner cavity, the top end of the baffle 400 is closer to the top of the inner cavity than the top end of the ferrous material 300, and the bottom end of the baffle 400 is closer to the bottom of the inner cavity than the bottom end of the ferrous material 300. That is, both ends of the baffle 400 protrude from both ends of the iron-based material 300, and since the iron-based material 300 is consumed to a certain extent during the sewage treatment process, the fluid impact resistance of the iron-based material 300 may be affected to a certain extent, and in order to reduce the load of the iron-based material 300, the baffle 400 is provided separately, and the baffle 400 may be a material which has high mechanical strength and does not participate in the sewage degradation. The length of the guide plate 400 is longer than that of the iron-based material 300, the top end of the guide plate 400 can be arranged at the position higher than the top end of the iron-based material 300, and the bottom end of the guide plate 400 is arranged at the position lower than the bottom end of the iron-based material 300, so that most of the impact force of anaerobic sludge and sewage can be shared on the guide plate 400, and the load of the iron-based material 300 is reduced. In addition, the iron-based material 300 and the guide plate 400 form a stepped guide structure, so that disturbance of anaerobic sludge and sewage can be increased, and the circular flow of the anaerobic sludge in the inner cavity and the mixing of the anaerobic sludge and the sewage are promoted.
In an embodiment, the iron-based material 300 may further include an inert conductive material, and the inert conductive material and the elemental zero-valent iron are uniformly mixed in the iron-based material 300. The inert conductive material does not participate in the oxidation-reduction reaction and plays a role in transferring electrons. In order to increase the potential difference and promote the release of ferrous ions, a certain proportion of inert conductive materials are added into the iron-based material 300, the low-potential zero-valent iron simple substance iron becomes an anode under the condition of no power supply, the high-potential inert conductive materials become a cathode, electrochemical reaction is carried out under the acidic condition, the zero-valent iron simple substance is promoted to be oxidized to form ferrous ions, and the ferrous ions are promoted to be released into sewage. In an embodiment, the mass percentage of the zero-valent iron simple substance in the iron-based material 300 may be 80% to 95%. The inert conductive material serves to assist in the release of ferrous ions.
In an embodiment, the inert conductive material may be selected from one or more of carbon, copper, lead, and platinum. Preferably, the inert conductive material is mainly carbon, and the carbon has high stability and low price and is more suitable for industrial application. The inert conductive material may include a small amount of copper or lead when carbon is the major component.
In one embodiment, the ferrous material 300 is a pretreated material, and the pretreatment may include removing impurities on the surface of the ferrous material 300, such as oil stains, iron rust, and the like. The pretreatment step may be an alkaline washing and then an acid washing of the iron-based material 300. The alkaline washing agent can be sodium hydroxide with the mass fraction of 0.08% -0.12%. The acid washing reagent can be hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 4% -6%. The alkali washing and acid washing may be followed by a step of rinsing with water.
The hollow membrane body 200 can be made of polyolefin membrane materials, and the polyolefin membrane materials are high in mechanical strength, long in service life and good in corrosion resistance. The polyolefin-based film material may be one or more selected from polyethylene film, polypropylene film and polyvinylidene fluoride film. Preferably, the material of the hollow membrane body 200 may be a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. The hollow membrane body 200 may be a flat membrane module. The hollow membrane body 200 may have a membrane pore diameter of 0.05 μm to 0.15. mu.m.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a sewage treatment method, which utilizes the anaerobic membrane bioreactor and comprises the following steps:
s20, inoculating anaerobic sludge in the inner cavity of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor without the iron-based material 300;
s40, acclimating the anaerobic sludge; and
s60, arranging the iron-based material 300 in the inner cavity, and introducing sewage to be treated into the inner cavity of the anaerobic membrane reactor to treat the sewage under the condition that the iron-based material 300 is not electrified.
In step S20, the inoculum size of the anaerobic sludge and the source of the anaerobic sludge may be determined according to the kind of the treated sewage.
In step S40, the acclimation of the sludge is performed to improve the biological activity of the sludge. When the easily degradable low-concentration organic sewage is treated, the sludge domestication can be directly carried out by adopting the sewage to be treated. When toxic, nonbiodegradable or high concentration organic industrial wastewater is treated, the acclimation method may be an asynchronous or synchronous method. The step of carrying out asynchronous domestication on the anaerobic sludge comprises the following steps: domestic sewage or fecal water is injected into the anaerobic membrane bioreactor to culture and mature anaerobic sludge; then the proportion of the sewage to be treated is gradually increased. The step of synchronously domesticating the anaerobic sludge comprises the following steps: when the anaerobic sludge is cultured by domestic sewage or fecal water, a certain amount of sewage to be treated is added; then the proportion of the sewage to be treated is gradually increased. The sludge after long-term domestication can stably degrade organic matters and produce methane.
The hydraulic retention time for acclimation of the anaerobic sludge can be 8-12 h. The temperature of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor is about 30 ℃ to 35 ℃, and the circulation flux can be 8L/(m)2H) to 20L/(m)2/h)。
In step S60, the iron-based material is not energized, and only the reaction with the sewage is utilized to release ferrous ions, and a suitable amount of ferrous ions plays a role in flocculation, which is beneficial to reducing membrane pollution.
Examples
(1) Two zero-valent iron plates with a length of 90cm, a width of 5cm and a thickness of 0.3cm were prepared. Soaking with 0.1% NaOH, washing with 5% hydrochloric acid, washing with water to remove impurities such as oil stain and rust on the surface, and air drying.
(2) Preparing an anaerobic membrane bioreactor device. The reactor adopts a flat membrane component, the membrane material is polyvinylidene fluoride, and the membrane aperture is 0.1 mu m.
(3) Firstly, a zero-valent iron plate is not arranged in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor, anaerobic sludge is inoculated in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor device, and acclimation is carried out. The domestication process adopts simulated domestic sewage, the hydraulic retention time is 10 h, the temperature of the reactor is controlled to about 35 ℃ by a heat preservation zone, the operation process adopts a constant flux mode, and the flux is 15L/(m)2H). The indexes of gas production, effluent chemical oxygen demand and transmembrane pressure difference are monitored in the acclimatization process.
(4) After 20 days, the acclimatization process was completed. At the moment, the zero-valent iron plates are placed in the clamping grooves of the inner cavity of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor device and fixed, the zero-valent iron plates are fixedly arranged on two sides of the flat membrane component, and sulfur-containing sewage to be treated is led in to enable the reactor to continue to operate. The reactor was stopped until the transmembrane pressure rose to 20 kPa.
Comparative example
The comparative example is substantially the same as the examples except that no zero-valent iron plate is provided in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor.
The conditions of transmembrane pressure difference development, content and composition of soluble organic matters in sludge mixed liquor, particle size of sludge flocs in a reactor, filterability of sludge mixed liquor and concentration of hydrogen sulfide in biogas of the examples and comparative examples are tested. The results of the experiments are shown in FIGS. 3-7, respectively.
FIG. 3 illustrates that the rate of pressure difference across the membrane in the example with zero valent iron added is significantly slower than in the comparative example without zero valent iron added. The pressure difference across the membrane of the comparative example reached 20kPa on day 80, whereas the pressure difference across the membrane of the example reached 20kPa on day 95. The membrane fouling development rate of the examples is nearly 20% slower than that of the comparative example, which indicates that the membrane fouling development can be significantly slowed down by using zero-valent iron, less than 20 days for acclimatization of the examples and comparative examples.
Figure 4 illustrates that the dissolved and colloidal organic concentrations in the examples with zero valent iron added are significantly lower than the comparative examples without zero valent iron added. The total concentrations of dissolved and colloidal organics and the concentrations of protein and polysaccharide therein were 6.6mg/L, 7.2mg/L, and 9.6mg/L, respectively, but the three indices of the comparative examples were 11.1mg/L, 11.5mg/L, and 12.6mg/L, respectively. The results show that the addition of zero valent iron initiates flocculation to remove partially dissolved and colloidal organics.
FIG. 5 illustrates that the addition of zero valent iron increases the particle size of sludge flocs. The example gradually increased the sludge floc size from 51.3 μm to 88.9 μm after the addition of zero-valent iron on day 20, while the sludge floc size of the comparative example remained essentially unchanged.
FIG. 6 illustrates that the specific filtration resistance of the sludge mixed liquor in the example of adding zero-valent iron is significantly smaller than that in the comparative example of not adding zero-valent iron. Filtration of examplesSpecific resistance of 0.23 × 106m/(kg MLSS), while the specific filtration resistance of the comparative example was 2.3X 106m/(kg MLSS), and the result shows that the addition of zero-valent iron improves the filterability of the sludge mixed liquor.
Figure 7 illustrates that the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the example with zero valent iron added is significantly lower than the comparative example without zero valent iron added. The biogas hydrogen sulfide concentration of the comparative example was 541ppm, whereas the biogas hydrogen sulfide concentration of the example was only 55ppm, which indicates that hydrogen sulfide in biogas can be effectively removed using zero valent iron.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The application of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor in sewage treatment is characterized in that,
the anaerobic membrane bioreactor comprises a shell, a hollow membrane body and an iron-based material, wherein the hollow membrane body and the iron-based material are arranged in an inner cavity of the shell, a sewage inlet and a purified water outlet are formed in the shell, the hollow membrane body comprises a membrane shell and a closed purified water cavity formed by surrounding the membrane shell, the purified water cavity is communicated with the purified water outlet through a pipe body, the iron-based material is arranged outside the hollow membrane body, iron in the iron-based material is a zero-valent iron simple substance, the iron-based material is a passive iron-based material, the iron-based material is not electrically connected, the iron-based material also comprises an inert conductive material, the inert conductive material and the zero-valent iron simple substance are uniformly mixed in the iron-based material, and the mass percentage of the zero-valent iron simple substance in the iron-based material is 80-95%;
the sewage treatment method comprises the following steps:
inoculating anaerobic sludge in the inner cavity of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor without the iron-based material;
domesticating the anaerobic sludge; and
and arranging the iron-based material in the inner cavity, and introducing the sewage into the inner cavity of the anaerobic membrane reactor to perform sewage treatment under the condition that the iron-based material is controlled not to be electrified.
2. Use of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor according to claim 1 for treating wastewater, wherein the inert conductive material is selected from one or more of carbon, copper and lead.
3. Use of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor according to any of claims 1-2 for treating wastewater, wherein the iron-based material in the housing is a plate-like iron-based material, a granular iron-based material or a mixture of plate-like iron-based material and granular iron-based material.
4. The use of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor according to claim 3, wherein the housing has at least two of said plates, the hollow membrane body is cylindrical, the length of the hollow membrane body extends along the vertical direction of the inner cavity, and the two plates of said iron-based materials are respectively disposed on both sides of the hollow membrane body along the direction perpendicular to the length of the hollow membrane body.
5. The use of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor for treating wastewater according to claim 4, wherein in the vertical direction of the inner chamber, the top end of the iron-based material is closer to the top of the inner chamber than the top end of the hollow membrane body, and the bottom end of the iron-based material is closer to the bottom of the inner chamber than the bottom end of the hollow membrane body.
6. The use of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor according to any one of claims 4 to 5 for treating wastewater, further comprising a baffle plate disposed on a side of the ferrous based material adjacent to the inner surface of the housing, wherein in the vertical direction of the inner chamber, the top end of the baffle plate is closer to the top of the inner chamber than the top end of the ferrous based material, and the bottom end of the baffle plate is closer to the bottom of the inner chamber than the bottom end of the ferrous based material.
7. The use of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor according to any one of claims 1-2 and 4-5 for treating wastewater, wherein the wastewater inlet and the clean water outlet are disposed at the bottom and the top of the housing, respectively, and the anaerobic membrane bioreactor further comprises an aeration assembly disposed at the bottom of the inner chamber.
8. The use of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor according to claim 1 in the treatment of wastewater, wherein the wastewater is sulfur-containing wastewater.
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