CN111616105A - Method for improving egg quality - Google Patents
Method for improving egg quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN111616105A CN111616105A CN202010625059.5A CN202010625059A CN111616105A CN 111616105 A CN111616105 A CN 111616105A CN 202010625059 A CN202010625059 A CN 202010625059A CN 111616105 A CN111616105 A CN 111616105A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the quality of eggs, which is characterized in that laying hens are fed with a basic feed added with a special feed, wherein the special feed comprises natural haematococcus pluvialis, 0.1% of heme iron and 0.1% of calcium lactate, and the natural haematococcus pluvialis contains 1-5% of natural astaxanthin; and carrying out immunization treatment on the laying hens. Through adding natural haematococcus pluvialis containing natural astaxanthin in traditional laying hen feed, the body quality and the eating desire of laying hens are improved, the absorption rate of feed nutrients and the biotransformation rate of astaxanthin are improved, and the feed egg transformation rate of laying hens special for astaxanthin eggs reaches 0.2: 1; by adding heme iron and calcium lactate into the traditional laying hen feed, the content of iron and calcium in eggs is increased by more than 2 times; through the immunity of the chicken, the content of IgY in the eggs is improved to be more than 100 times of the original content; the astaxanthin has immunity enhancing effect, and the content of immunoglobulin is further increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving egg quality.
Background
The published data shows that each hundred grams of eggs contain 12.58 grams of protein, mainly ovalbumin and ovoglobulin, which contain 8 amino acids essential to human body and are very similar to the composition of human body protein, and the absorption rate of human body to egg protein can reach 98%. Each hundred grams of eggs contain 11-15 grams of fat, are mainly concentrated in egg yolk and are easily digested and absorbed by human bodies, and the egg yolk contains abundant lecithin, sterols, egg yolk, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin B complex. But the iron in the egg yolk is non-heme iron and exists in combination with lecithin, and the utilization rate is only 3%; eggs are rich in phosphorus, but relatively deficient in calcium. But also the content of beta-carotene is low.
Astaxanthin as the highest-grade product of beta-carotene has various physiological effects, such as certain effects in oxidation resistance, tumor resistance, cancer prevention, immunity enhancement, vision improvement and the like, and the daily intake of 1mg of astaxanthin is generally required to be satisfied by adults.
Currently, there are generally two methods for feeding layers to have astaxanthin: firstly, laying hens are fed with synthetic astaxanthin or phaffia rhodozyma, but the astaxanthin contained in eggs is dextro-astaxanthin, the antioxidant activity is weak and the astaxanthin is not easy to be absorbed by human bodies, and the synthetic astaxanthin and the like are directly used in foods and violate related regulations;
secondly, haematococcus pluvialis is a new food raw material, the content of natural astaxanthin reaches 2-5%, and the haematococcus pluvialis is a concentrated product of natural astaxanthin. Eggs are provided with astaxanthin by feeding Haematococcus pluvialis, but the egg conversion rate of astaxanthin contained in Haematococcus pluvialis is extremely low in conventional feed formulations and feeding methods. The quality of eggs still needs to be improved. .
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the quality of eggs.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for improving egg quality, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
feeding laying hens with a basal feed supplemented with a special feed comprising 1% by weight of natural haematococcus pluvialis containing 1-5% by weight of natural astaxanthin, 0.1% by weight of heme iron, 0.1% by weight of calcium lactate, based on the total weight of the basal feed; and carrying out immunization treatment on the laying hens, wherein the immunization treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting healthy laying hens which are laying eggs and feeding the healthy laying hens in cages, and numbering the healthy laying hens respectively;
2) fully mixing the immunogen with an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant during primary immunization, carrying out ultrasonic emulsification completely, and injecting two subcutaneous points on the neck and the back and two points on the pectoralis major muscle, wherein the immunization dose is 100 mu g of immunogen per laying hen, and the injection volume is 0.5 ml;
3) carrying out second immunization at intervals of 30 days, wherein the immunization is different from the first immunization in that Freund complete adjuvant is changed into Freund incomplete adjuvant, and the immunization dose and the injection volume are the same as those of the first immunization;
4) and carrying out third immunization at an interval of 30 days after the second immunization, wherein the third immunization is carried out without using an adjuvant and is carried out by adopting tail vein injection of chicken wings, the immunization dose is 50 mu g of immunogen per laying hen, and the injection volume is 0.5 ml.
Preferably, the basic feed is a commercially available common commercial layer chicken feed.
Preferably, the feeding is carried out 2-5 times per day, and the feeding time for the first time is 5: 00-5:30, wherein the feed amount accounts for 20-50% of the feed in the whole day, and the rest feed is uniformly fed for the rest time; the water feeding amount of each layer chicken in the day is not more than 40 g.
Preferably, on the 10 th day after the second immunization, each chicken is subjected to blood collection of about 0.5ml through the tail vein of the chicken wings, placed at 4 ℃ for half an hour, then centrifuged at 10000rpm and 4 ℃ for 10min, and serum is separated to detect the antiserum titer, wherein an indirect ELISA method is adopted for detecting the antiserum titer.
Preferably, the eggs are collected 7 days after the third immunization, the number of the laying hen and the egg production date are written on the egg shell when the eggs are collected each time, and the eggs are stored at 4 ℃.
Preferably, the annual temperature of the hen house of the laying hens is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, the feeding density is 2-10 per square meter, the ground illumination of the hen house is more than 200LUX, the illumination is supplemented by manpower every day, the illumination time in summer is 8-12 hours, and the illumination time in winter is 10-14 hours.
Preferably, the age of the laying hens is controlled to be 150-200 days.
Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the egg quality has the advantages that:
1. through adding natural haematococcus pluvialis containing natural astaxanthin in traditional laying hen feed, the body quality and the eating desire of laying hens are improved, the absorption rate of feed nutrients and the biotransformation rate of astaxanthin are improved, and the feed egg transformation rate of laying hens special for astaxanthin eggs reaches 0.2: 1;
2. the content of iron and calcium in eggs is improved by more than 2 times by adding 0.1 percent of total weight of heme iron and calcium lactate into the traditional layer feed;
3. through the immunity of the chicken, the content of IgY in the eggs is improved to be more than 100 times of the original content;
4. the astaxanthin has immunity enhancing effect, and the content of immunoglobulin is further increased.
In conclusion, the natural haematococcus pluvialis, heme iron and calcium lactate are added into the traditional chicken feed, and the chicken is immunized in advance, so that the astaxanthin content and the iron calcium content in eggs are greatly improved, the immunization of the chicken is obviously enhanced, and the content of immunoglobulin, especially IgY, in eggs is obviously improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a chart of comparative test data provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Comparative example
1. The laying hens are fed with basal feed without special feed (commercial common commercial laying hen feed containing 66.3% of corn, 26.3% of soybean meal and 7.4% of bran).
2. Feeding 3 times every day, wherein the first feeding time is 5 times in the morning: 00-5:30, wherein the feed amount accounts for 35% of the feed in the whole day, and the rest feed is uniformly fed for the rest time; the water feeding amount of each layer chicken in the day is not more than 30 g. The temperature of a hen house for laying hens is controlled to be 25 ℃ throughout the year, the feeding density is 6 per square meter, the ground illumination of the hen house is more than 200LUX, illumination is supplemented by manpower every day, the illumination time in summer is 8-12 hours, and the illumination time in winter is 12-14 hours.
3. Eggs were collected daily. And (5) carrying out content measurement.
Example 1
1. The laying hens are fed with basic feed (commercial common laying hen feed + containing 66.3% of corn, 26.3% of soybean meal and 7.4% of bran) added with special feed. Adding 1% of natural haematococcus pluvialis (containing 1-5% of natural astaxanthin) by the total weight.
2. Feeding 3 times every day, wherein the first feeding time is 5 times in the morning: 00-5:30, wherein the feed amount accounts for 35% of the feed in the whole day, and the rest feed is uniformly fed for the rest time; the water feeding amount of each layer chicken in the day is not more than 30 g. The temperature of a hen house for laying hens is controlled to be 25 ℃ throughout the year, the feeding density is 6 per square meter, the ground illumination of the hen house is more than 200LUX, illumination is supplemented by manpower every day, the illumination time in summer is 8-12 hours, and the illumination time in winter is 12-14 hours.
3. Eggs were collected daily. And (5) carrying out content measurement.
Example 2
1. The laying hens are fed with basic feed (commercial common laying hen feed + containing 66.3% of corn, 26.3% of soybean meal and 7.4% of bran) added with special feed. Adding 1 percent of natural haematococcus pluvialis (containing 1 to 5 percent of natural astaxanthin) and 0.1 percent of heme iron by the total weight.
2. Feeding 3 times every day, wherein the first feeding time is 5 times in the morning: 00-5:30, wherein the feed amount accounts for 35% of the feed in the whole day, and the rest feed is uniformly fed for the rest time; the water feeding amount of each layer chicken in the day is not more than 30 g. The temperature of a hen house for laying hens is controlled to be 25 ℃ throughout the year, the feeding density is 6 per square meter, the ground illumination of the hen house is more than 200LUX, illumination is supplemented by manpower every day, the illumination time in summer is 8-12 hours, and the illumination time in winter is 12-14 hours.
3. Eggs were collected daily. And (5) carrying out content measurement.
Example 3
1. The laying hens are fed with basic feed (commercial common laying hen feed + containing 66.3% of corn, 26.3% of soybean meal and 7.4% of bran) added with special feed. Adding 1% of natural haematococcus pluvialis (containing 1-5% of natural astaxanthin), 0.1% of heme iron and 0.1% of calcium lactate by total weight;
2. feeding 3 times every day, wherein the first feeding time is 5 times in the morning: 00-5:30, wherein the feed amount accounts for 35% of the feed in the whole day, and the rest feed is uniformly fed for the rest time; the water feeding amount of each layer chicken in the day is not more than 30 g. The temperature of a hen house for laying hens is controlled to be 25 ℃ throughout the year, the feeding density is 6 per square meter, the ground illumination of the hen house is more than 200LUX, illumination is supplemented by manpower every day, the illumination time in summer is 8-12 hours, and the illumination time in winter is 12-14 hours.
3. Eggs were collected daily. And (5) carrying out content measurement.
Example 4
1. The laying hens are fed with basic feed (commercial common laying hen feed + containing 66.3% of corn, 26.3% of soybean meal and 7.4% of bran) added with special feed. Adding 1% of natural haematococcus pluvialis (containing 1-5% of natural astaxanthin), 0.1% of heme iron and 0.1% of calcium lactate by total weight;
2. feeding 3 times every day, wherein the first feeding time is 5 times in the morning: 00-5:30, wherein the feed amount accounts for 35% of the feed in the whole day, and the rest feed is uniformly fed for the rest time; the water feeding amount of each layer chicken in the day is not more than 30 g. The temperature of a hen house for laying hens is controlled to be 25 ℃ throughout the year, the feeding density is 6 per square meter, the ground illumination of the hen house is more than 200LUX, illumination is supplemented by manpower every day, the illumination time in summer is 8-12 hours, and the illumination time in winter is 12-14 hours.
3. The method for immunizing the laying hens comprises the following steps: selecting healthy laying hens laying eggs to breed in cages, and numbering the healthy laying hens respectively. Fully mixing the immunogen with an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant during primary immunization, carrying out ultrasonic emulsification completely, and injecting two subcutaneous points on the neck and the back and two points on the pectoralis major muscle, wherein the immunization dose is 100 mu g of the immunogen per laying hen, and the injection volume is 0.5 ml. The second immunization was performed at intervals of 30 days, and the immunization was distinguished from the first immunization by changing complete Freund's adjuvant to incomplete Freund's adjuvant, and the immunization dose and the injection volume were the same as those of the first immunization. And carrying out third immunization at an interval of 30 days after the second immunization, wherein the third immunization is carried out without using an adjuvant and is carried out by adopting tail vein injection of chicken wings, the immunization dose is 50 mu g of immunogen per laying hen, and the injection volume is 0.5 ml. Collecting eggs 7 days after the immunization, writing the serial number of the egg chicken and the egg laying date on the egg shell when collecting eggs each time, and storing the eggs at 4 ℃.
4. The content of eggs collected daily was measured.
Data were determined on the eggs obtained in the comparative example and examples 1 to 4. The method disclosed by the invention improves the quality of the eggs, and specifically shows that the content of astaxanthin is improved to 9.6 +/-0.48 mg/kg from undetected content, the content of iron element is improved to 26.4 +/-0.79 mg/100g from 15.0 +/-0.9 mg/100g in a control group, the content of calcium element is improved to 70.0 +/-2.1 mg/100g from 38.0 +/-3.4 mg/100g in the control group, and the content of IgY in the eggs is improved to 80.0 +/-4.0 mg/100g from 7.8 +/-0.47 mg/100g in the control group through the immune action of laying hens and is improved by 103 times (see the attached figure 1 of the specification for details). In addition, the feed-egg ratio of the laying hens is also remarkably reduced from 0.26 kg/egg to less than 0.2 kg/egg by the method, and the feed-egg ratio is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 feed-egg ratio
In conclusion, the feed adding method and the immunization method disclosed by the invention obviously improve the related quality of eggs.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the quality of eggs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
feeding laying hens with a basal feed supplemented with a special feed comprising 1% by weight of natural haematococcus pluvialis containing 1-5% by weight of natural astaxanthin, 0.1% by weight of heme iron, 0.1% by weight of calcium lactate, based on the total weight of the basal feed; and carrying out immunization treatment on the laying hens, wherein the immunization treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting healthy laying hens which are laying eggs and feeding the healthy laying hens in cages, and numbering the healthy laying hens respectively;
2) fully mixing the immunogen with an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant during primary immunization, carrying out ultrasonic emulsification completely, and injecting two subcutaneous points on the neck and the back and two points on the pectoralis major muscle, wherein the immunization dose is 100 mu g of immunogen per laying hen, and the injection volume is 0.5 ml;
3) carrying out second immunization at intervals of 30 days, wherein the immunization is different from the first immunization in that Freund complete adjuvant is changed into Freund incomplete adjuvant, and the immunization dose and the injection volume are the same as those of the first immunization;
4) and carrying out third immunization at an interval of 30 days after the second immunization, wherein the third immunization is carried out without using an adjuvant and is carried out by adopting tail vein injection of chicken wings, the immunization dose is 50 mu g of immunogen per laying hen, and the injection volume is 0.5 ml.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the basal feed is a commercial, commonly available layer chicken feed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the feeding is performed 2-5 times per day, the first feeding being at a time of 5: 00-5:30, wherein the feed amount accounts for 20-50% of the feed in the whole day, and the rest feed is uniformly fed for the rest time; the water feeding amount of each layer chicken in the day is not more than 40 g.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein about 0.5ml of each chicken is collected from the tail vein of the chicken wings 10 days after the second immunization, the chicken is left for half an hour at 4 ℃, then centrifuged at 10000rpm for 10min at 4 ℃, and the antiserum is separated to detect the antiserum titer, and an indirect ELISA method is used for detecting the antiserum titer.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collection of the eggs is started 7 days after the third immunization, the number of the egg-laying hen and the egg-laying date are written in the outer shell of each egg collected, and the eggs are kept at 4 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer chicken house is kept at a temperature of 20-30 ℃ throughout the year, a feed density of 2-10 chickens per square meter, a house floor illuminance of greater than 200LUX, and a daily artificial supplement of light is provided for 8-12 hours in summer and 10-14 hours in winter.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the age of the laying hens is controlled at 150-200 days.
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