CN111612368B - Ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environmental risk evaluation method and application method - Google Patents
Ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environmental risk evaluation method and application method Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 534
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 267
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 23
- -1 ion rare earth Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000290 environmental risk assessment Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical group O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environment risk evaluation method and application, and relates to the technical field of ecological risk evaluation. According to the soil nitrogen environment risk evaluation method, specific ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen balance models and nitrogen environment risk discrimination standards are established according to the characteristics of ion rare earth mining area forest land soil, in the process, hyperspectral remote sensing technology and unmanned aerial vehicle investigation are applied, field workload is greatly reduced, manpower is saved, and meanwhile, space drawing and GIS space geometric operation means are introduced in the continuous geospatial drawing process of the total amount of nitrogen balance, so that the result is more accurate; the method for evaluating the environmental risk of the nitrogen element in the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area can rapidly and efficiently evaluate the environmental risk of the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area in a large-scale continuous geographic space, and fills the blank in the field. The invention also provides application of the ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environment risk evaluation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological risk assessment, and particularly relates to an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environment risk assessment method and application.
Background
A large amount of ion adsorption type rare earth is distributed in the south provinces of China, and the rare earth is a special medium-heavy rare earth resource. The ion rare earth mainly adopts an in-situ mineral leaching process with ammonium sulfate as a mineral leaching agent, and ammonia nitrogen is one of main pollutants in the soil of a mining area. The ion rare earth is mostly distributed in woodland, and nitrogen is a limiting factor of tree nutrient in general. But the mining method using ammonium sulfate as the leaching agent brings nitrogen into the soil which is likely to exceed the forest requirements. Excess nitrogen has a negative impact on the environment: firstly, soil is acidified and aluminum poisoned; and secondly, nitrogen is leached to underground water or short runoff is exposed to the ground surface, so that the damage to regional water environment is brought.
At present, the country lacks soil nitrogen pollution risk management and control standards. Although there are some methods for evaluating the environmental risk of soil nitrogen in farmland, they are not applicable to the forest land soil in the ionic rare earth mining area, mainly because farmland is different from the forest land soil research object in the ionic rare earth mining area, and mainly are represented in the following aspects: (1) In terms of the input amount, chemical fertilizers, organic matters, seeds and irrigation are carried into nitrogen in farmlands, while the forest lands of the ion rare earth mining areas are not involved; (2) In terms of yield, the type and corresponding area of the farmland harvest planted manually are known homogenizing parameters, the type and corresponding distribution parameters of the forest land plants in the mining area are not known homogenizing parameters, and the forest land is inconvenient in transportation and has high working difficulty; (3) The environmental risk standards of the nitrogen in the forest land of the farmland and the ion rare earth mining area are different, and the farmland and the forest land have different tolerance to the nitrogen in the soil because the earth surface plants are different in types and different in harvesting modes (the farmland is harvested one year after another and the forest land is cut or not cut for many years).
In addition, there are also some researches on the soil nitrogen critical value of the forest ecosystem, and the researches are mainly focused on small scale ranges such as a single experimental sample plot and the like due to the limitation of an evaluation method. Therefore, the method for evaluating the nitrogen environmental risk of the forest land soil in the ion rare earth mining area is still blank.
In view of the above, the present invention has been made to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environment risk evaluation method which can rapidly and efficiently evaluate environment risk of ion rare earth mining area woodland soil in a large-scale continuous geographic space.
The second object of the invention is to provide application of the method for evaluating the nitrogen environmental risk of the forest land soil in the ion rare earth mining area.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environment risk evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Providing a vector diagram of the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent and a regional forest classification type continuous geospatial map;
(b) Establishing an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model and a nitrogen environment risk discrimination standard;
(c) According to a vector diagram of nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent, a regional forest classification type continuous geospatial diagram and an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen balance model, a GIS space geometrical operation is adopted to establish a continuous geospatial diagram of total nitrogen balance amount, and then according to a nitrogen environment risk discrimination standard, an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen risk distribution diagram is manufactured.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme, in the step (a), a vector diagram of the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent with geographic coordinates is manufactured according to the basic information of the reserve resources of the ion rare earth mining area and the in-situ leaching process data.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme, in the step (a), a forest classification type sample is collected, hyperspectral remote sensing image data and unmanned aerial vehicle image information are associated, the forest classification type sample is interpreted, a model of forest stand type and spectral reflectance data is built, and then the spectral reflectance data is input into the model of forest stand type and spectral reflectance data, so that a regional forest classification type continuous geographic space diagram is obtained.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme of the invention, forest classification type samples are collected according to (3-4): dividing the forest classification type sample into a training data set and a verification data set according to the proportion 1;
carrying out geometric and radiation pretreatment on hyperspectral remote sensing image data, and then carrying out geometric fine correction by contrasting ground control points; the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires a high-precision image of the investigation region, and then the multi-view images are spliced into a grid image with geographic coordinates; associating hyperspectral remote sensing image data with unmanned aerial vehicle image information, then combining image plaque features with a training data set by adopting a method of computer supervision classification and visual interpretation, and establishing a model of forest stand type and spectral reflectance data;
and verifying the image interpretation and extraction precision by adopting a verification data set, and inputting the spectral reflectivity data into a model to obtain the regional forest classification type continuous geospatial map.
Further, based on the above technical scheme of the present invention, in the step (b), the formula of the ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model is shown as formula (1):
M=N i -N o （1）
in the formula (1), N i N is the nitrogen input o M is the balanced total amount of nitrogen;
wherein the nitrogen input amount N i Calculation as shown in formula (2):
N i =N 1 +N 2 +N 3 （2）
in the formula (2), N 1 To settle nitrogen content in atmosphere, N 2 To mineralize soil nitrogen, N 3 Injecting nitrogen into the mineral leaching agent;
wherein the nitrogen output N o Calculated as shown in formula (3):
N o =N 4 +N 5 +N 6 +N 7 （3）
in the formula (3), N 4 N is the nitrogen absorption of plant growth 5 For exchanging nitrogen consumption of rare earth, N 6 N is the leakage of nitrogen in stope 7 The nitrogen leaching amount is cleaned by clean water.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme of the invention, in the formula (2), the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent is calculated according to the nitrogen injection amount of the ammonium sulfate mineral leaching agent.
Further, based on the above technical scheme of the invention, in the formula (3), the nitrogen absorption amount N of plant growth 4 Carrying out GIS space geometrical operation according to the regional forest classification type continuous geographic space diagram and the nitrogen quantity taken away by the plant growth in unit area;
preferably, the rare earth exchange nitrogen consumption N 5 And the rare earth is obtained by calculation according to a chemical equation of exchanging the mineral leaching agent with the rare earth.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme, in the step (b), according to the critical load of soil nitrogen and the balanced total amount of nitrogen, establishing a nitrogen environmental risk judgment standard:
the total nitrogen balance is less than 0, and the area belongs to the nitrogen deficiency area;
the total nitrogen balance is between 0 and the soil nitrogen critical load, and the area belongs to a risk-free area;
the total nitrogen balance is greater than or equal to the soil nitrogen critical load, and the area belongs to a key risk area.
Further, based on the technical scheme, in the step (c), according to a vector diagram of the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent, a regional forest classification type continuous geographic space diagram and an ion rare earth mine forest land soil nitrogen balance model, GIS space geometrical operation is adopted for the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent and the plant growth nitrogen absorption amount, continuous geographic space diagram of the total nitrogen balance amount is established, and then according to a nitrogen environment risk discrimination standard, an ion rare earth mine forest land soil nitrogen risk distribution diagram is manufactured.
The invention also provides application of the ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environmental risk evaluation method in the ecological risk evaluation field.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention provides an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environment risk evaluation method, which aims at the characteristics of ion rare earth mining area woodland soil, establishes a specific ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model and nitrogen environment risk discrimination standard, and adopts hyperspectral remote sensing technology and unmanned aerial vehicle investigation in the process, thereby greatly reducing field workload, saving manpower, and simultaneously introducing space drawing and GIS space geometry calculation means in the continuous geospatial drawing process of the total nitrogen balance amount, so that the result is more accurate;
the method for evaluating the environmental risk of the nitrogen element in the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area can rapidly and efficiently evaluate the environmental risk of the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area in a large-scale continuous geographic space, and fills the blank in the field.
(2) The invention provides application of the ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen environmental risk evaluation method in the ecological risk evaluation field, and in view of the advantages of the ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen environmental risk evaluation method, the soil nitrogen environmental risk evaluation method can rapidly and efficiently evaluate the environment risk of the ion rare earth mining area forest land soil in a large-scale continuous geographic space, and has good application prospects in the ecological risk evaluation field.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environmental risk assessment method, comprising the steps of:
(a) Providing a vector diagram of the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent and a regional forest classification type continuous geospatial map;
(b) Establishing an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model and a nitrogen environment risk discrimination standard;
(c) According to a vector diagram of nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent, a regional forest classification type continuous geospatial diagram and an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen balance model, a GIS space geometrical operation is adopted to establish a continuous geospatial diagram of total nitrogen balance amount, and then according to a nitrogen environment risk discrimination standard, an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen risk distribution diagram is manufactured.
Specifically, in the step (a), due to uneven distribution of ion rare earth resources in mining areas, the nitrogen injection amount of the corresponding mineral leaching agent is different when different mining areas adopt an in-situ mineral leaching process. In order to accurately understand and grasp the amount of nitrogen injected into the leaching agent, it is necessary to provide a vector diagram of the amount of nitrogen injected into the leaching agent.
Because various different woods (broadleaf woods, needle-broad hybrid woods, needle-leaf woods and the like) and vegetation exist in the ion rare earth mining area woodland, the forest classification type continuous geospatial drawing needs to be carried out on each area so as to obtain an area forest classification type continuous geospatial drawing.
In the step (b), an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model is established based on a substance conservation principle of surplus=input-output. And the ecological system has different tolerance to soil nitrogen due to different varieties of plants on the forest land surface in farmlands and ion rare earth mining areas and different harvesting modes. Therefore, nitrogen environmental risk discrimination standards for the forest land soil of the ion rare earth mining area need to be established.
For farmland planted artificially, chemical fertilizers, organic matters, seeds and irrigation brought nitrogen and planted crops have uniform, homogeneous and regional identical properties, so that only traditional calculation and representation are needed when the farmland nitrogen balance model is analyzed. Different from farmland nitrogen balance model analysis, in the invention, because of uneven distribution of mineral area ion rare earth resources and large change of forest stand variety space difference, a continuous geographical space diagram of total nitrogen balance amount is established by using space drawing and GIS space geometrical operation means in the step (c).
According to the method for evaluating the nitrogen environmental risk of the forest land in the ion rare earth mining area, provided by the invention, aiming at the characteristics of the forest land in the ion rare earth mining area, a specific ion rare earth forest land nitrogen balance model and nitrogen environmental risk discrimination standard are established, and in the process, a hyperspectral remote sensing technology and unmanned aerial vehicle exploration are applied, so that the field workload is greatly reduced, the manpower is saved, and meanwhile, space drawing and GIS space geometric operation means are introduced in the continuous geospatial drawing process of the total nitrogen balance amount, so that the result is more accurate; the method for evaluating the environmental risk of the nitrogen element in the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area can rapidly and efficiently evaluate the environmental risk of the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area in a large-scale continuous geographic space, and fills the blank in the field.
In step (a), as an optional embodiment of the present invention, basic data is collected, that is, a vector diagram of the nitrogen injection amount of the leaching agent with geographical coordinates is made according to basic data of the ion rare earth mine reserves and in-situ leaching process data, etc.
Specifically, according to a resource reserve estimation graph (with geographic coordinates and ion rare earth oxide resource reserve attribute) of a reserve verification report, process data, namely the unit rare earth oxide mineral leaching agent injection quantity, space geometric operation is carried out according to a formula of 'mineral leaching agent injection nitrogen quantity = resource reserve x unit rare earth oxide ammonium sulfate mineral leaching agent injection quantity', and a vector graph of the mineral leaching agent injection nitrogen quantity with geographic coordinates is manufactured.
In the step (a), a forest classification type sample is collected, hyperspectral remote sensing image data and unmanned aerial vehicle image information are associated, the forest classification type sample is interpreted, a model of a forest stand type and spectral reflectance data is built, and then the spectral reflectance data is input into the model of the forest stand type and the spectral reflectance data, so that a regional forest classification type continuous geospatial map is obtained.
The hyperspectral remote sensing image data records the space information of the ground object and the spectrum information of the ground object, so that the map integration is realized. Unmanned aerial vehicle investigation is adopted, unmanned aerial vehicle image information obtained through the unmanned aerial vehicle investigation is correlated with hyperspectral remote sensing image data, and image enhancement is achieved.
The hyperspectral remote sensing technology and unmanned aerial vehicle investigation can greatly reduce field workload and save manpower.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a forest classification type sample is collected according to (3-4): dividing the forest classification type sample into a training data set and a verification data set according to the proportion 1;
carrying out geometric and radiation pretreatment on hyperspectral remote sensing image data, and then carrying out geometric fine correction by contrasting ground control points; the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires a high-precision image of the investigation region, and then the multi-view images are spliced into a grid image with geographic coordinates; associating hyperspectral remote sensing image data with unmanned aerial vehicle image information, then combining image plaque features with a training data set by adopting a method of computer supervision classification and visual interpretation, and establishing a model of forest stand type and spectral reflectance data;
and verifying the image interpretation and extraction precision by adopting a verification data set, and inputting the spectral reflectivity data into a model to obtain the regional forest classification type continuous geospatial map.
The schematic diagram of the ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model in the embodiment provided by the invention is shown in fig. 1, and can also be expressed by an ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model formula. As an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the step (b), the formula of the ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model is shown as the formula (1):
M=N i -N o （1）
in the formula (1), N i N is the nitrogen input o For nitrogen output, M is the balance total amount of nitrogen, N i 、N o And M may be in kg/hm 2 。
Wherein the nitrogen input amount N i Calculation as shown in formula (2):
N i =N 1 +N 2 +N 3 （2）
in the formula (2), N 1 To settle nitrogen content in atmosphere, N 2 To mineralize soil nitrogen, N 3 Injecting nitrogen into the mineral leaching agent;
wherein the nitrogen output N o Calculated as shown in formula (3):
N o =N 4 +N 5 +N 6 +N 7 （3）
in the formula (3), N 4 N is the nitrogen absorption of plant growth 5 For exchanging nitrogen consumption of rare earth, N 6 N is the leakage of nitrogen in stope 7 The nitrogen leaching amount is cleaned by clean water.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in formula (2), the atmospheric sediment nitrogen amount N 1 Calculated according to the actual measurement value. If no actual measurement value exists, the method can be used as 32.5kg/hm in DB11/T749-2010 farmland nitrogen and phosphorus environmental risk evaluation 2 And (5) unified estimation.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the formula (2), the nitrogen mineralization amount N of the soil 2 Calculated according to the measured value. If no actual measurement value exists, the method can be used for determining the critical load of nutrient nitrogen sedimentation of Chinese soil according to the SMB method of 0.05kmol/hm 2 And (5) calculating.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in the formula (2), the nitrogen injection amount of the leaching agent is calculated according to the nitrogen content of the ammonium sulfate leaching agent.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in formula (3), the nitrogen uptake N of plant growth 4 Is the sum of the net nitrogen accumulation amount of the forest and the nitrogen of the dead object. Can be calculated from the measured values, and if there is no measured value, the calculation is performed as follows. The nitrogen absorption of the growth of different forest classification trees is obviously different, the forest types are subdivided in the step (a), and then the plant nitrogen absorption is estimated according to different forest classification types of different regions. Carrying out GIS space geometrical operation according to the regional forest classification type continuous geographic space diagram and the nitrogen quantity taken away by the plant growth in unit area; the nitrogen quantity taken away by the plant growth in unit area is obtained through field investigation of a sample plot harvesting method or obtained by consulting forest ecosystem test station data.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in formula (3), the rare earth-exchanged nitrogen consumption N 5 And the rare earth is obtained by calculation according to a chemical equation of exchanging the mineral leaching agent with the rare earth.
The consumption of rare earth exchange nitrogen is also the mineral fixation of ammonium ions.
The chemical formula of exchanging mineral leaching agent with rare earth is as follows: 2RE 3+ M 3- +3(NH 4 ) + 2 SO 4 2- →2(NH 4 ) + 3 M 3- +RE 3+ 2 (SO 4 ) 2- 3 Wherein RE is the sum of 17 rare earth elements, and M is kaolin.
Thus RE 3+ (sum of 17 rare earth elements) and NH 4 + The ratio of the amount of the substances during the exchange is 1:3, and the consumption of the rare earth exchange nitrogen is estimated according to the ratio.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the formula (3), the stope nitrogen leakage amount N 6 The in situ leaching process does not fully recover the mother liquor, about 10% of the nitrogen leaks into the groundwater.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the formula (3), the nitrogen leaching amount N is washed by clean water 7 After the in-situ leaching stope is in service, the ore body is cleaned by clean water for about 1 year, ammonia nitrogen ions in the soil adsorption are washed out, and the data are obtained through experimental data of ore blocks.
As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step (b), a nitrogen environmental risk criterion is established according to the total nitrogen critical load and the balance total of nitrogen in the soil.
The soil nitrogen critical load refers to the maximum amount of nitrogen which can be accepted by the soil without harmful effect, and the value is related to the geographic position and can be obtained through actual measurement or reference.
If the total balance of nitrogen is less than 0, the area belongs to a nitrogen-deficient area, and the nitrogen is a limiting factor of tree nutrients;
the total nitrogen balance is between 0 and the soil nitrogen critical load, and the area belongs to a risk-free area; the nitrogen content of the soil at this stage is increased, so that the productivity of the ecological system can be improved.
The total nitrogen balance is greater than or equal to the soil nitrogen critical load, and the area belongs to a key risk area. The excess nitrogen may have a number of negative environmental effects.
In the step (c), according to a vector diagram of the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent, a regional forest classification type continuous geographic space diagram and an ion rare earth mine forest land soil nitrogen balance model, carrying out GIS space geometrical operation on the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent and the nitrogen absorption amount of plant growth, establishing a continuous geographic space diagram of the total nitrogen balance amount, and then manufacturing an ion rare earth mine forest land soil nitrogen risk distribution diagram according to a nitrogen environment risk discrimination standard.
According to the method for evaluating the environmental risk of the nitrogen in the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area, the regional soil nitrogen is evaluated, so that the screened key risk areas can be further investigated in detail and evaluated quantitatively.
For example, the current ionic rare earth mining area only allows in-situ leaching processes, which are classified into ammonia-containing processes and ammonia-free processes, and the two processes are mainly distinguished from environmental impact by the presence or absence of pollution of soil and groundwater in the mining area by nitrogenous mineral leaching agents. The ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environmental risk evaluation method provided by the invention can evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods from the aspect of soil nitrogen environmental risk.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the application of the method for evaluating the environmental risk of nitrogen in forest land soil in the ion rare earth mining area in the field of ecological risk evaluation is also provided.
In view of the advantages of the method for evaluating the environmental risk of the nitrogen in the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area, the method for evaluating the environmental risk of the nitrogen in the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area can rapidly and efficiently evaluate the environmental risk of the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area in a large-scale continuous geographic space, and has good application prospect in the field of ecological risk evaluation.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Taking a research area of a certain rare earth mine in Guangxi province as an example, the embodiment provides an ion rare earth mine woodland soil nitrogen environment risk evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Basic data collection and background investigation: the regional vegetation information and the soil information are collected, the resource reserve report is also collected, the development and utilization scheme is developed, and a vector diagram of the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent with geographic coordinates is produced.
And obtaining multi-channel data by adopting three means of unmanned plane investigation, sample plot vegetation data investigation and hyperspectral remote sensing image data.
Firstly, determining sampling points of a research area, collecting forest classification type samples, and dividing the samples into a training data set and a verification data set according to a ratio of 3:1;
secondly, carrying out geometric and radiation pretreatment on hyperspectral image data, carrying out geometric fine correction on ground control points which are investigated by comparing with the current situation, acquiring a high-precision image of an investigation region by an unmanned aerial vehicle, splicing a plurality of scenery images into a complete grid image with geographic coordinates, and associating the hyperspectral image data with image information of the unmanned aerial vehicle to realize image enhancement;
thirdly, carrying out image classification by using a human-computer interaction interpretation method, namely combining the image plaque characteristics with a training data set by means of a computer supervision classification and visual interpretation method, and establishing a model of forest stand type and spectral reflectance data;
finally, verifying the image interpretation and extraction precision by using a verification data set, inputting the spectral reflectivity data into a model, and carrying out high-precision continuous geospatial drawing on the regional stand types (broadleaf forest, needle-broad hybrid forest and needle-leaf forest);
(b) Establishing an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model:
basic parameters needed in the balance model are consulted, and a certain plaque image of the broadleaf forest is taken as an example, and the formula of the ion rare earth mining area forest land nitrogen balance model is as follows:
total nitrogen balance m=nitrogen input N i Nitrogen yield N o = (atmospheric sedimentation nitrogen amount N 1 + nitrogen mineralization of soil N 2 + leaching agent nitrogen injection amount N 3 ) - (plant growth nitrogen uptake N) 4 +rare earth exchange nitrogen consumption N 5 + stope nitrogen leakage N 6 +clear water purge nitrogen leaching amount N 7 ）；
Wherein N is 1 65kg/hm 2 ，N 2 1.4kg/hm 2 ，N 3 53824kg/hm 2 ，N 4 442kg/hm 2 ，N 5 8882kg/hm 2 ，N 6 11131kg/hm 2 ，N 7 26490kg/hm 2 。
So the total nitrogen balance M= 6945.4kg/hm 2 ；
Establishing a nitrogen environment risk discrimination standard, and consulting the literature of physiological ecological mechanism of influence of nitrogen saturation of land ecological system on plants, wherein the critical load of soil nitrogen is 25 kg/hm 2 ；
The total nitrogen balance is larger than the soil nitrogen critical load, and the area is judged to belong to a key risk area;
(c) According to a vector diagram of nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent, a regional forest classification type continuous geographic space diagram and an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen balance model, through two parameters of nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent and plant growth nitrogen absorption amount, GIS space geometrical operation is adopted to establish continuous geographic space drawing of total nitrogen balance amount, and then according to nitrogen environment risk discrimination criteria, an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen risk distribution map is manufactured.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environment risk evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Based on the continuous geospatial map of the forest stand type (broadleaf forest, needle-broad hybrid forest, needle-leaf forest) of a certain rare earth mine in Guangxi according to example 1, taking a certain needle-leaf forest plaque image without rare earth resource reserves as an example, the formula of the ionic rare earth mine forest land nitrogen balance model is as follows:
total nitrogen balance m=nitrogen input N i Nitrogen yield N o = (atmospheric sedimentation nitrogen amount N 1 + nitrogen mineralization of soil N 2 + leaching agent nitrogen injection amount N 3 ) - (plant growth nitrogen uptake N) 4 +rare earth exchange nitrogen consumption N 5 + stope nitrogen leakage N 6 +clear water purge nitrogen leaching amount N 7 ）；
Wherein N is 1 32.5kg/hm 2 ，N 2 0.7kg/hm 2 ，N 3 0kg/hm 2 ，N 4 53kg/hm 2 ，N 5 0kg/hm 2 ，N 6 0kg/hm 2 ，N 7 0kg/hm 2 ；
So that the total nitrogen balance M= -19.8kg/hm 2 ；
Judging that the area belongs to the nitrogen deficiency area when the total nitrogen balance is negative;
(b) According to a vector diagram of nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent, a regional forest classification type continuous geographic space diagram and an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen balance model, through two parameters of nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent and plant growth nitrogen absorption amount, GIS space geometrical operation is adopted to establish continuous geographic space drawing of total nitrogen balance amount, and then according to nitrogen environment risk discrimination criteria, an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen risk distribution map is manufactured.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. The method for evaluating the nitrogen environmental risk of the forest land soil in the ion rare earth mining area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(a) Providing a vector diagram of the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent and a regional forest classification type continuous geospatial map;
(b) Establishing an ion rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen balance model and a nitrogen environment risk discrimination standard;
(c) According to a vector diagram of nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent, a regional forest classification type continuous geospatial diagram and an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen balance model, a GIS space geometrical operation is adopted to establish a continuous geospatial diagram of total nitrogen balance amount, and then according to a nitrogen environment risk discrimination standard, an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen risk distribution diagram is manufactured.
2. The method for evaluating the environmental risk of nitrogen in forest land soil in an ion rare earth mining area according to claim 1, wherein in the step (a), a vector diagram of the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent with geographical coordinates is prepared according to the basic information of reserves resources in the ion rare earth mining area and the in-situ leaching process data.
3. The method for evaluating the environmental risk of nitrogen in forest land soil in an ion rare earth mining area according to claim 1, wherein in the step (a), a forest classification type sample is collected, hyperspectral remote sensing image data and unmanned aerial vehicle image information are associated, the forest classification type sample is interpreted, a model of a forest stand type and spectral reflectance data is built, and then the spectral reflectance data is input into the model of the forest stand type and the spectral reflectance data, so that a regional forest classification type continuous geospatial map is obtained.
4. The method for evaluating the environmental risk of nitrogen in forest land soil in an ion rare earth mining area according to claim 3, wherein a forest classification type sample is collected according to (3-4): dividing the forest classification type sample into a training data set and a verification data set according to the proportion 1;
carrying out geometric and radiation pretreatment on hyperspectral remote sensing image data, and then carrying out geometric fine correction by contrasting ground control points; the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires a high-precision image of the investigation region, and then the multi-view images are spliced into a grid image with geographic coordinates; associating hyperspectral remote sensing image data with unmanned aerial vehicle image information, then combining image plaque features with a training data set by adopting a method of computer supervision classification and visual interpretation, and establishing a model of forest stand type and spectral reflectance data;
and verifying the image interpretation and extraction precision by adopting a verification data set, and inputting the spectral reflectivity data into a forest stand type and spectral reflectivity data model to obtain the regional forest classification type continuous geospatial map.
5. The method for evaluating the environmental risk of nitrogen in the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (b), the formula of the nitrogen balance model of the forest land of the ion rare earth mining area is shown as formula (1):
M=N i -N o （1）
in the formula (1), N i N is the nitrogen input o M is the balanced total amount of nitrogen;
wherein the nitrogen input amount N i Calculation as shown in formula (2):
N i =N 1 +N 2 +N 3 （2）
in the formula (2), N 1 To settle nitrogen content in atmosphere, N 2 To mineralize soil nitrogen, N 3 Injecting nitrogen into the mineral leaching agent;
wherein the nitrogen output N o Calculated as shown in formula (3):
N o =N 4 +N 5 +N 6 +N 7 （3）
in the formula (3), N 4 N is the nitrogen absorption of plant growth 5 For exchanging nitrogen consumption of rare earth, N 6 N is the leakage of nitrogen in stope 7 The nitrogen leaching amount is cleaned by clean water.
6. The method for evaluating the environmental risk of nitrogen in forest land soil in an ion rare earth mining area according to claim 5, wherein in the formula (2), the nitrogen injection amount of the leaching agent is calculated according to the nitrogen injection amount of the ammonium sulfate leaching agent.
7. The ionic rare earth mining site woodland soil nitrogen environment of claim 5A risk assessment method characterized in that in formula (3), the nitrogen uptake N of plant growth 4 And carrying out GIS space geometrical operation according to the regional forest classification type continuous geographic space diagram and the nitrogen quantity taken away by the plant growth in unit area.
8. The method for evaluating the environmental risk of nitrogen in forest land soil in an ion rare earth mining area according to claim 5, wherein in formula (3), the rare earth exchange nitrogen consumption amount N 5 And the rare earth is obtained by calculation according to a chemical equation of exchanging the mineral leaching agent with the rare earth.
9. The method for evaluating the environmental risk of nitrogen in forest lands in an ion rare earth mining area according to claim 5, wherein in the step (b), a nitrogen environmental risk criterion is established according to the critical load of nitrogen in the soil and the balanced total amount of nitrogen:
the total nitrogen balance is less than 0, and the area belongs to the nitrogen deficiency area;
the total nitrogen balance is between 0 and the soil nitrogen critical load, and the area belongs to a risk-free area;
the total nitrogen balance is greater than or equal to the soil nitrogen critical load, and the area belongs to a key risk area.
10. The method for evaluating the environmental risk of nitrogen in forest land of an ion rare earth mining area according to claim 5, wherein in the step (c), according to a vector diagram of the nitrogen injection amount of a mineral leaching agent, a regional forest classification type continuous geospatial diagram and an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen balance model, the nitrogen injection amount of the mineral leaching agent and the nitrogen absorption amount of plant growth are subjected to GIS space geometrical operation to establish a continuous geospatial diagram of the total nitrogen balance amount, and then according to a nitrogen environmental risk discrimination standard, an ion rare earth mining area forest land soil nitrogen risk distribution diagram is manufactured.
11. The method for applying the ionic rare earth mining area woodland soil nitrogen environmental risk assessment method according to any one of claims 1-10 in the field of ecological risk assessment.
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