CN111606785B - 一种光介导铜催化制备芳基内炔烃类化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种光介导铜催化制备芳基内炔烃类化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN111606785B
CN111606785B CN202010632714.XA CN202010632714A CN111606785B CN 111606785 B CN111606785 B CN 111606785B CN 202010632714 A CN202010632714 A CN 202010632714A CN 111606785 B CN111606785 B CN 111606785B
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梁磊
李仁龙
王松林
牛红英
谷永庆
李长恭
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种光介导铜催化制备芳基内炔烃类化合物的方法,属于有机化学领域。以芳基硫盐和端炔烃为原料,以+1价铜盐为催化剂,碳酸钾作为碱,在DMSO等溶剂中反应得到芳基内炔烃类化合物,收率50%‑86%。该合成方法原料易得,反应条件温和条件,提供了一种简便、绿色、高效的内炔烃类化合物的合成途径,为含有芳香环药物分子引入炔基的有效方法。

Description

一种光介导铜催化制备芳基内炔烃类化合物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合成内炔烃类化合物的新方法,具体涉及一种光介导铜催化制备芳基内炔烃类化合物的方法,属于有机化学中过渡金属催化合成领域。
背景技术
芳基炔是一类重要的合成砌块,常应用于医药、大环、分子有机材料和天然产物的合成中。尤其在具有较为复杂分子结构的大环分子构筑中,显示出了难以代替的应用价值。经过长时间的发展,Sonogashira反应类型得到了丰富,通过筛选催化体系和改变芳基化试剂,多种合成新方法被开发出来,如下式所示:
Figure BDA0002566317770000011
第一类:以芳基碘或者芳基溴作为芳基化试剂,在钯盐或者钯盐/铜盐作为催化剂的偶联方法是Sonogashria偶联反应是构筑C(sp2)-C(sp)键的经典方法。其中铜(I)盐作为反应的副催化剂,可以提高反应速率。该反应的芳基化试剂为结构较为简单的芳基碘代物或者芳基溴代物,由于向芳香环上引入碘或者溴具有较大的挑战性,因此向分子结构较为复杂的芳香化合物中引入炔基将十分困难。同时,反应需要用到较为昂贵的钯盐作为催化剂。
第二/三类:以芳基重氮盐或者芳基季铵盐作为芳基化试剂,分别在金盐/光催化剂、钯盐/铜盐催化剂或者钯催化剂催化作用下,完成了C(sp2)-C(sp)键的构筑。该类型反应,芳基化试剂需要从芳香胺类化合物出发,将氨基转化为活性更高的官能团后进行偶联反应。该反应的芳基化试剂的种类受限于芳香胺类化合物,一定程度限制了产物的多样性。同时,反应需要用到较为昂贵钯盐作为催化剂。
第四类:以苯肼作为芳基化试剂,在钯盐催化作用下,完成了C(sp2)-C(sp)键的构筑。该类型反应,芳基化试剂的种类受限于苯肼类化合物,一定程度限制了产物的多样性。同时,反应需要用到较为昂贵的钯盐作为催化剂。
第五类:以芳基羧酸化合物作为芳基化试剂,在钯盐催化作用下,完成了C(sp2)-C(sp)键的构筑。该类型反应,芳基化试剂的种类受限于芳基羧酸类化合物,一定程度限制了产物的多样性。同时,反应需要用到较为昂贵的钯盐作为催化剂。
第六类:以芳基硫盐作为芳基化试剂,在钯盐/铜盐催化作用下,完成了C(sp2)-C(sp)键的构筑。该类型反应,芳基化试剂的种类较为丰富,可以普通芳香化合物出发来制备相应的硫盐。但是,反应仍然需要用到较为昂贵的钯盐作为催化剂。
发明内容
为了克服上述缺陷,本发明芳基化试剂采用来源更为丰富的硫盐作为芳基化试剂,在廉价铜盐催化下,在可见光催化下合成芳基内炔烃类化合物。该方法为芳基内炔烃类化合物提供了一种简便、绿色、高效的合成方法,丰富了Sonogashira反应类型。
一种光介导铜催化制备芳基内炔烃类化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:以芳基硫盐和端炔烃为原料,在Cu(I)盐催化和碱存在下,有机溶剂中可见光照射反应,得到芳基内炔烃类化合物。
反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0002566317770000031
其中,Ar为苯基、取代苯基,取代苯基中取代基为卤素、羧酸酯、腈基、硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6含杂原子烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、苯氧基、二甲胺基;X为BF4或OTf;R为C1-C6烷基、苯基、取代苯基、吡啶基、噻吩基、呋喃基,取代苯基中取代基为卤素、羧酸酯、腈基、硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6含杂原子烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、苯氧基。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,芳基硫盐选自:单取代芳基硫盐,双取代芳基硫盐,三取代芳基硫盐和芳香类药物硫盐。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,Cu(I)盐选自CuCl、CuBr或CuI。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,碱选自碳酸钾、磷酸钾或DBU。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述芳基硫盐、端炔烃、Cu(I)盐与碱摩尔比为1:1.5-2.0:0.1-0.3:1-3。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,有机溶剂选自二甲基亚砜、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,优选二甲基亚砜。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,反应温度选自-10℃至30℃,优选30℃条件。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,可见光源选自5-15W蓝色LED光。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,整个反应过程需要惰性气体保护下操作,惰性气体优选氮气。
发明有益效果:
本发明提供了一种简便、绿色、高效、底物普适性广的芳基内炔烃类化合物的合成新方法,反应原料易得,反应条件温和条件,可降低能源的使用、减少对污染物排放,丰富了Sonogashira偶联反应的类型。
具体实施例
Figure BDA0002566317770000041
Figure BDA0002566317770000042
aReaction conditions:1a(0.2mmol),2a(0.3mmol),CuCl(10mol%)and K2CO3(0.6mmol)in DMSO(2.0mL)at 30℃ irradiation with 2*7W blue LED bulb underN2for 20h.bCuCl(10mol%),L4(12mol%).cYields of isolated product.
在反应条件的筛选过程中,首先考察了反应所需要的要素(entries 1-4)和不同溶剂、碱、和铜盐对反应的影响。通过以上筛选,可以说明该需要可见光的参与(entry 3)和铜盐作为催化剂(entry2)反应才可以发生。
实施例1:
Figure BDA0002566317770000051
在10mL反应管中,加入4-苯氧基芳基硫盐(1a,0.2mmol,94.4mg)、4-溴苯乙炔(2a,0.3mmol,54mg)、CuCl(2.0mg,0.02mmol)和K2CO3(82.9mg,0.6mmol)。加入完毕后,用塞子密封,经氮气置换3次后,用注射器向反应管内加入2mL二甲基亚砜。然后将反应至于蓝光LED反应箱内,反应管距光源10cm处搅拌反应20小时,经测量反应环境温度为30℃。TLC跟踪反应结束,将反应液通过湿法上样直接柱层析分离得到3aa,白色固体55.6mg,收率81%。M.p130.7-132.2℃。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50–7.48(m,4H),7.39–7.36(m,4H),7.16(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.06(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.98(d,J=8.4Hz,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ158.0,156.5,133.4,133.1,131.7,130.0,124.1,122.5,122.5,119.7,118.5,117.5,90.3,87.9,77.2;HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd.For C20H14BrO+[M+H]+349.0223.found m/z 349.0215.
实施例2:
Figure BDA0002566317770000061
在10mL反应管中,加入氯贝特硫盐(1p,0.2mmol,109mg)、4-溴苯乙炔(2a,0.3mmol,54mg)、CuCl(2.0mg,0.02mmol)和K2CO3(82.9mg,0.6mmol)。加入完毕后,用塞子密封,经氮气置换3次后,用注射器向反应管内加入2mL二甲基亚砜。然后,将反应至于蓝光LED反应箱内,反应管距光源10cm处搅拌反应20小时,经测量反应环境温度为30℃。用TLC跟踪反应结束,将反应液通过湿法上样直接柱层析分离,得到3na,白色固体69.5mg,收率83%。M.p71.4-73.1℃;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50–7.47(m,2H),7.45–7.46(m,1H),7.39–7.35(m,2H),7.17(dd,J=9.0,3.0Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.25(q,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.64(s,6H),1.27(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ173.9,155.2,133.1,132.7,131.8,129.3,127.4,122.9,122.3,112.0,118.4,93.2,86.4,81.0,77.4,77.2,77.0,61.7,25.4,14.2;HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd.For C20H18BrClNaO3 +[M+Na]+443.0020.found m/z443.0023.
实施例3:
Figure BDA0002566317770000062
在10mL反应管中,加入4-苯氧基芳基硫盐(1a,0.2mmol,94.4mg)、正丁炔(2o,0.4mmol,33mg)、CuCl(2.0mg,0.02mmol)和K2CO3(82.9mg,0.6mmol)。加入完毕后,用塞子密封,经氮气置换3次后,用注射器向反应管内加入2mL二甲基亚砜。然后将反应至于蓝光LED反应箱内,反应管距光源10cm处搅拌反应20小时,经测量反应环境温度为30℃。用TLC跟踪反应,终止反应后,将反应液通过湿法上样直接柱层析分离,得到3ao,浅黄色油状液体21.5mg,收率43%。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36–7.33(m,4H),7.12(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.91(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.40(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),1.61–1.56(m,2H),1.51–1.45(m,2H),0.95(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ156.9,156.9,133.2,130.0,123.7,119.3,119.0,118.6,89.8,80.1,77.2,31.0,22.2,19.2,13.8;HRMS(ESI):m/zcalcd.For C18H18NaO+[M+Na]+273.1250.found m/z273.1240.
实施例4
采用实施例2中类似的合成方法,得到如下化合物,其结构和收率分别如下:
Figure BDA0002566317770000071
Figure BDA0002566317770000081
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种光介导铜催化制备芳基内炔烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:以芳基硫盐和端炔烃为原料,在Cu(I)盐催化和碱存在下,二甲基亚砜中可见光照射反应,得到芳基内炔烃类化合物;反应方程式如下:
Figure FDA0003678269070000011
其中:Ar为苯基、取代苯基,取代苯基中取代基为卤素、羧酸酯、腈基、硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6含杂原子烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、苯氧基、二甲胺基;X为BF4或OTf;R为C1-C6烷基、苯基、取代苯基、吡啶基、噻吩基、呋喃基,取代苯基中取代基为卤素、羧酸酯、腈基、硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6含杂原子烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、苯氧基;碱选自碳酸钾或磷酸钾;反应温度选自-10℃至30℃;可见光源选自5-15W蓝色LED光。
2.根据权利要求1中所述光介导铜催化制备芳基内炔烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:Cu(I)盐选自CuCl、CuBr或CuI。
3.根据权利要求1中所述光介导铜催化制备芳基内炔烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述芳基硫盐、端炔烃、Cu(I)盐与碱摩尔比为1:1.5-2.0:0.1-0.3:1-3。
4.根据权利要求1中所述光介导铜催化制备芳基内炔烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:反应在惰性气体保护下操作。
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