CN111606411B - Efficient, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of biological filter and application method - Google Patents
Efficient, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of biological filter and application method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 82
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920011532 unplasticized polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency uniform rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of a biological filter, which consists of a biological filter water and gas distribution chamber body, a filter plate, a filter head, a backwashing gas distribution main pipe, backwashing gas distribution branch pipes, interval filter beams, multi-grid filter beam rooms, a ventilation gas distribution pipe, a pressure sensor, a backwashing water system, a backwashing gas system and an exhaust system; by adopting the treatment method, the problems that the water distribution and the gas distribution are uneven and the hysteresis in the back flushing process of the biological filter tank, and the residual air cushion layer cannot be discharged out of the system after the back flushing is finished, so that continuous bubbles appear at a plurality of positions of the filter tank for a long time, the sense is influenced, and the pollutant removal efficiency is reduced are thoroughly solved; the problems of a series of operation management problems such as hardening of filter materials, high operation pressure, unsmooth water passing, backwashing material spraying and material running and the like caused by insufficient local backwashing strength due to uneven backwashing water distribution and gas distribution of the biological filter are solved from the source, and the method has great popularization and application values for the technical field of the biological filter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of a biological filter and a use method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing prominence of water pollution problems in China, the improvement of urban sewage treatment emission standards has been a trend, and the biological membrane method sewage treatment technology has been widely researched and applied, wherein the biological filter has the advantages of small occupied area, low running cost, small capital construction investment, high treatment load, convenient running management, good treatment effect, no need of sludge discharge and the like, and is widely applied to the field of sewage deep treatment.
The existing biological filter generally adopts a combination method of water level reduction and air water to carry out periodic back flushing, and suspended matters trapped by the filter and aged and shed biological membranes are discharged out of the system, so that the permeability of filter materials of the filter is ensured, but the biological filter still has a plurality of problems in operation, such as: (1) In the back flushing process of the filter tank, uneven water and air distribution often occurs, the back flushing strength of a local area is too high, even a strong material spraying phenomenon occurs, and the back flushing strength of the local area is insufficient, even no air is generated; in the back flushing process of some filters, hysteresis of water and gas distribution often occurs, the local area close to the air inlet end is firstly distributed with water and gas, even the intensity is far beyond the designed intensity, and the other areas are distributed with water and gas with obvious hysteresis and extremely uneven intensity; (2) After the back flushing of the filter tank is finished, a series of bubbles are often formed at a plurality of positions, the duration is long, the bubbles cannot be discharged through an exhaust system, the operation attractiveness of the filter tank is seriously affected, and particularly in a nitrogen-deleting or denitrification biological filter tank system, the efficiency of removing pollutants of the denitrification filter tank is reduced due to the continuous series of bubbles; (3) Because backwash water distribution and gas distribution are uneven, backwash strength in a local area of the filter tank is insufficient, local backwash strength is overlarge, and long-term problems such as hardening, material spraying, loss of filter materials, mixed bed of a supporting layer and a filter material layer and the like of the filter material of the biological filter tank are extremely easy to occur, serious production accidents are caused even when a filter plate turning plate occurs in serious conditions, so that daily production operation work is tired, and the current situation that a high-efficiency, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwash system of the biological filter tank and a use method of the system are required is thoroughly solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a high-efficiency, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of a biological filter and a use method thereof so as to break through the current difficulties.
The invention comprises the following specific contents:
the high-efficiency uniform rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system for the biological filter is composed of a biological filter water and gas distribution chamber body, a filter plate, a filter head, a backwashing gas distribution main pipe, backwashing gas distribution branch pipes, interval filter beams, a plurality of grid filter beam rooms, a ventilation gas distribution device, a pressure sensor, a backwashing water system, a backwashing gas system and an exhaust system; the filter plate of the water distribution air chamber body is divided into a plurality of grid filter beams by a lower interval filter beam; the filter head is arranged on a filter plate at the upper part between the multi-grid filter beams; the pressure sensor is positioned below the filter plate; the back flushing water system is connected below the filter plate in the water and gas distribution chamber body; the back flush distribution main pipe is connected with a plurality of back flush distribution branch pipes, and the outlets of the back flush distribution branch pipes are respectively connected in the single-grid filter beam room; the interval filter beams among the multi-grid filter beams are communicated through ventilation and air distribution devices which are uniformly fixed at uniform elevations, and the ventilation and air distribution devices are positioned at the tops of the interval filter beams and below the filter plates; the exhaust system is located below the filter plate.
The multi-lattice filter beams are at least 2-lattice filter beams.
The bottom of the back flush gas distribution branch pipe extends to 1/5-4/5 of the back flush gas distribution main pipe, and the top of the back flush gas distribution branch pipe extends to 2-80mm below the filter plate.
The distance between the ventilation and air distribution devices in the interval filter beams is 100-800mm, and the distance between the centers of the ventilation and air distribution devices and the top surface of the filter beams is 5-100mm.
The backwash air distribution main pipe and the backwash air distribution branch pipe are made of UPVC material, carbon steel material, stainless steel material, concrete material, plastic material, polymer material, FRPP material and other corrosion-resistant material.
The biological filter is in the form of an upward flow biological filter or a downward flow biological filter; the oxygen supply type of the biological filter can be an aerobic biological filter, an anoxic biological filter or an anaerobic biological filter; the function type of the biological filter can be a nitrifying biological filter, a nitrogen deleting biological filter, a denitrification biological filter, a carbon removing nitrifying biological filter or a phosphorus removing biological filter.
The filter head of the biological filter is a long-handle filter head, a short-handle filter head, an adjustable filter head or a detachable filter head; the ventilation and gas distribution device is a communicating pipe or a communicating hole, and the shape of the pipe or the communicating hole is round, square or irregular.
The application method of the high-efficiency, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of the biological filter is as follows:
(1) Before back flushing: the pressure sensor is used for measuring and reading the resistance value of the biological filter;
(2) Gas flushing: the backflushing gas respectively enters the backflushing gas distribution branch pipes through the backflushing gas distribution main pipe, and rapidly enters the space between the multi-grid filter beams in the water and gas distribution chamber of the biological filter to form air cushion layers with different thicknesses, the air cushion layers with different thicknesses among the multi-grid filter beams are communicated through the ventilation gas distribution device with uniform elevation in the top of the interval filter beam, and the whole air cushion layer with uniform thickness is rapidly formed at the bottom of the filter plate of the water and gas distribution chamber, and the biological filter is uniformly gas washed through the filter head, so that the condition of uniform backflushing or excessive flushing of the biological filter caused by uneven gas distribution is avoided, and abnormal conditions of filter material hardening, material spraying, high water pressure and the like caused by insufficient long-term backflushing in a local area are avoided;
(3) Air-water combined back flushing: and the opening process of the air back flushing system is kept, back flushing water enters the water distribution chamber of the biological filter through the back flushing water system, and the back flushing water gradually rises through the bottom of the water distribution chamber of the biological filter and gradually extrudes an air cushion layer among the multi-grid filter beams because the specific gravity of the water is larger than that of air, so that air-water combined back flushing on the biological filter is formed through the filter heads. Because of the ventilation and air distribution device with uniform elevation pre-buried at the top of the interval filter beam (the bottom of the filter plate), the air cushion layer with reduced thickness can still keep uniform thickness under the action of backwash water pressure, thereby guaranteeing uniform water distribution and air distribution in the air-water combined backwash stage of the biological filter, avoiding abnormal conditions of uneven backwash in a local area of the filter, overlarge local excessive backwash strength and the like, and ensuring that the filter material of the biological filter is always kept smooth and operates with high efficiency;
(4) And (3) rinsing with water: stopping the backflushing gas system and performing a rinsing process of the independent backflushing gas system;
(5) Deflating: and stopping the rinsing process of the back flushing water system, opening the exhaust system, and rapidly and thoroughly discharging the gas in each multi-grid filter beam room out of the water distribution chamber through the exhaust system by virtue of the ventilation and gas distribution device with uniform elevation at the top of the interval filter beam due to the gravity extrusion action of water on the residual air cushion layer at the bottom of the filter plate. The water distribution uniformity of the normal operation of the biological filter after backwashing is guaranteed, and meanwhile, long-time continuous bubbles in a local area of the filter, which are caused by incomplete discharge systems of residual air cushion layers at the bottom of the filter plate, are avoided, and the problems of poor water outlet sense, high water inlet resistance and poor denitrification, carbon removal and phosphorus removal of the biological filter caused by the long-time continuous bubbles are solved.
The back flushing system can adopt a back flushing program of 'gas flushing, gas-water combined back flushing and water rinsing', or a back flushing program of 'water level reduction, gas flushing, gas-water combined back flushing and water rinsing'.
And the section flow velocity in the filter rod at the lower end of each filter head is not less than 0.1m/s during the dewatering level back flushing.
The invention thoroughly solves the problem of uneven water and gas distribution in the back flushing of the biological filter, thoroughly solves the problems of water and gas distribution hysteresis in the back flushing process of the biological filter, and the problem of influence sense caused by continuous bubbles at a plurality of positions of the filter and the reduction of pollutant removal efficiency caused by the fact that a residual air cushion layer cannot be discharged out of a system after the back flushing is finished; the invention solves a series of operation management problems of filter material hardening, high operation pressure, unsmooth water passing, backwashing spray material running and the like caused by insufficient local backwashing strength due to uneven backwashing water distribution and gas distribution of the biological filter from the source,
has great popularization and application value to the technical field of biological filters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high-efficiency, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwash system of a biofilter of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a lower part of a filter plate of the high-efficiency, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution back flushing system of the biological filter.
Wherein: a biological filter 0 and a biological filter water distribution chamber body 1; a filter plate 2; a filter head 3; a back flushing distribution main pipe 4; a backwash distribution branch pipe 5; a spacing filter beam 6; a multi-lattice filter beam room 7; a ventilation and air distribution device 8; a pressure sensor 9; a backwash water system 10; a back flushing gas system 11; an exhaust system 12.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to fig. 1 and 2:
the high-efficiency uniform rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of the biological filter 0 is composed of a biological filter water and gas distribution chamber body 1, a filter plate 2, a filter head 3, a backwashing gas distribution main pipe 4, backwashing gas distribution branch pipes 5, interval filter beams 6, multi-grid filter beam spaces 7, a ventilation gas distribution device 8, a pressure sensor 9, a backwashing water system 10, a backwashing gas system 11 and an exhaust system 12; the filter plate 2 of the water distribution air chamber body 1 is divided into a plurality of grid filter beam spaces 7 by a lower interval filter beam 6; the filter head 3 is arranged on the filter plate 2 at the upper part of the multi-grid filter beam room 6; the pressure sensor 9 is positioned below the filter plate 2; the back flushing water system 11 is connected below the filter plate 2 in the water distribution chamber body 1; the back flush gas distribution main pipe 4 is connected with a plurality of back flush gas distribution branch pipes 5, and the outlets of the back flush gas distribution branch pipes 5 are respectively connected in the single-lattice filter beam spaces 6; the interval filter beams 6 of the multi-lattice filter beams 7 are communicated through ventilation and air distribution devices 8 which are uniformly fixed at uniform elevations, and the ventilation and air distribution devices 8 are positioned at the tops of the interval filter beams 6 and below the filter plates 2; the exhaust system 12 is located below the filter plate 2.
The multi-lattice filter beam space 7 is at least 2 lattice filter beam spaces.
The bottom of the back flush gas distribution branch pipe 5 extends to the back flush gas distribution main pipe 41/5-4/5, and the top of the back flush gas distribution branch pipe 5 extends to the position 2-80mm below the filter plate 2.
The distance between the ventilation and air distribution devices 8 in the interval filter beams 6 is 100-800mm, and the distance between the centers of the ventilation and air distribution devices 8 and the top surface of the filter beams 6 is 5-100mm.
The backwash air distribution main pipe 4 and the backwash air distribution branch pipe 5 are made of UPVC material, carbon steel material, stainless steel material, concrete material, plastic material, polymer material, FRPP material and other corrosion-resistant materials.
The structure form of the biological filter 0 is an upward flow biological filter or a downward flow biological filter; the oxygen supply type of the biological filter can be an aerobic biological filter, an anoxic biological filter or an anaerobic biological filter; the function type of the biological filter can be a nitrifying biological filter, a nitrogen deleting biological filter, a denitrification biological filter, a carbon removing nitrifying biological filter or a phosphorus removing biological filter.
The filter heads of the biological filter 0 are long-handle filter heads, short-handle filter heads, adjustable filter heads or detachable filter heads; the ventilation and air distribution device 8 is a communicating pipe or a communicating hole, and the shape of the pipe or the communicating hole is round, square or irregular.
The method for using the high-efficiency, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of the biological filter 0 comprises the following steps:
(1) Before back flushing: the pressure sensor 9 is used for measuring and reading the resistance value of the biological filter 0;
(2) Gas flushing: the backflushing gas respectively enters the backflushing gas distribution branch pipe 5 through the backflushing gas distribution main pipe 4, and rapidly enters the multi-grid filter beam space 7 in the water distribution gas distribution chamber 1 of the biological filter 0, air cushion layers with different thicknesses are sequentially formed, the air cushion layers with different thicknesses among the multi-grid filter beams are communicated through the ventilation gas distribution device 8 with uniform elevation in the top of the interval filter beam 6, an integral gas cushion layer with uniform thickness is rapidly formed at the bottom of the filter plate 2 of the water distribution gas distribution chamber 1, and the biological filter 0 is uniformly gas washed through the filter head 3, so that the condition of uniform backflushing or excessive washing of the biological filter 0 caused by uneven gas distribution is avoided, and abnormal conditions of filter material hardening, material spraying, high water pressure and the like caused by insufficient long-term backflushing of a local area are avoided;
(3) Air-water combined back flushing: the opening process of the backflushing gas system is kept, backflushing water enters the water distribution chamber 1 of the biological filter 0 through the backflushing water system 10, and as the specific gravity of the water is larger than that of air, the backflushing water gradually rises through the bottom of the water distribution chamber 1 of the biological filter and gradually extrudes a gas cushion layer between the multi-grid filter beams 7, so that the gas-water combined backflushing for the biological filter 0 is formed through the filter head 3. Because of the ventilation and air distribution device 8 with uniform elevation pre-buried at the top (the bottom of the filter plate) of the interval filter beam 6, the air cushion layer with reduced thickness can still keep uniform thickness under the action of backwash water pressure, thereby guaranteeing uniform water distribution and air distribution in the air-water combined backwash stage of the biological filter 0, avoiding abnormal conditions of uneven backwash in a local area of the filter, overlarge local excessive backwash strength and the like, and enabling the filter material of the biological filter 0 to always keep smooth and operate with high efficiency;
(4) And (3) rinsing with water: stopping the backwash gas system 10 and performing a rinsing process of the separate backwash water system 11;
(5) Deflating: the rinsing process of the backwash water system 11 is stopped, the exhaust system 12 is opened, the residual air cushion layer at the bottom of the filter plate 2 passes through the ventilation and air distribution device 8 with uniform elevation at the top of the interval filter beams 6, and the air in each multi-grid filter beam room 7 is rapidly and thoroughly discharged out of the water distribution and air distribution chamber 1 through the exhaust system 12, so that the uniformity of water distribution of the normal operation of the biological filter 0 after backwash is finished is ensured, and meanwhile, long-time series of bubbles in a local area of the filter which is not thoroughly occurred by the residual air cushion layer discharge system at the bottom of the filter plate 2 are avoided, and the problems of poor water outlet sense, high water inlet resistance and poor denitrification, carbon removal and phosphorus removal of the biological filter 0 caused by the air cushion layer are solved.
The back flushing system can adopt a back flushing program of 'gas flushing, gas-water combined back flushing and water rinsing', or a back flushing program of 'water level reduction, gas flushing, gas-water combined back flushing and water rinsing'.
The section flow velocity in the filter rod at the lower end of each filter head 3 is ensured to be not less than 0.1m/s during the dewatering back flushing.
Example 1:
the treatment flow of a sewage treatment plant in Henan province is 100000m3/d, the original core process is an oxidation ditch, a secondary sedimentation tank and a front denitrification biological filter, the biological filter is an upward flow biological filter, wherein a carbon source is mainly added outside the front denitrification biological filter for improving the water quality, the operation is carried out for about 1 year, the operation pressure is high, the back flushing is extremely uneven, and the treatment effect is poor. And then the system is modified, water and gas are uniformly distributed after modification, the pollutant removal efficiency is obviously improved, and the system is continuously and stably operated for many years.
Example 2:
the treatment flow of a municipal sewage treatment plant in Huaian city of Jiangsu province is 50000m3/d, the original main process is an AAO+secondary sedimentation tank+downward flow denitrification biological filter process, the filter after construction and casting has serious water distribution and gas distribution hysteresis in the back flushing process, the rear end has small air outlet quantity of about one fourth, the back flushing pressure is overlarge after the carbon source is externally added, and the back flushing fan is often subjected to overvoltage protection, so that the denitrification effect can not meet the design requirements. And then the system is modified, the backwashing program of 'gas flushing + gas-water combined backwashing-washing + water rinsing + gas release' is adopted, the problem of water and gas distribution hysteresis after modification is thoroughly solved, the region with insufficient original backwashing gas quantity is not existed any more, and after a carbon source is added, the denitrification removal effect meets even far exceeding design requirements.
Example 3:
the new municipal sewage treatment plant in Hubei province has the treatment flow of 200000m3/d, adopts the main process of 'high-density tank + front denitrification biological filter', adopts the backwash procedures of 'precipitation level + gas flushing + gas-water combined backwash + water rinsing + deflation', and after construction and production, the filter is backwashed uniformly and effectively, and after adding carbon source, the denitrification removal effect meets even far-beyond design requirements.
Example 4:
a new 100000m3/d standard-lifting nitrogen and phosphorus removal project in Jiangsu province is adopted, a single-stage downward flow biological filter is adopted, a carbon source is added for denitrification and a small amount of chemical agent is added for phosphorus removal, a 'water level reduction + gas flushing + gas-water combined backwashing and water rinsing + gas release' backwashing program is adopted, after construction and production, the filter is backwashed uniformly and effectively, and after the carbon source and PAC are added, the denitrification and phosphorus removal effects meet even far exceeding design requirements.
Example 5:
the new 2000m3/d standard-lifting dephosphorization biological filter tank standard-lifting project in Jiangsu province adopts an adsorption dephosphorization biological filter tank, adopts a 'gas flushing + gas-water combined backwashing washing + water rinsing + gassing' backwashing program, and the filter tank backwashing after construction and production is even and effective, and the dephosphorization effect meets even far beyond design requirements.
The invention thoroughly solves the problem of uneven water and gas distribution in the back flushing of the biological filter, thoroughly solves the problems of water and gas distribution hysteresis in the back flushing process of the biological filter, and the problem of influence sense caused by continuous bubbles at a plurality of positions of the filter and the reduction of pollutant removal efficiency caused by the fact that a residual air cushion layer cannot be discharged out of a system after the back flushing is finished; the invention solves a series of operation management problems of filter material hardening, high operation pressure, unsmooth water passing, backwashing spray material running and the like caused by insufficient local backwashing strength due to uneven backwashing water distribution and gas distribution of the biological filter from the source,
has great popularization and application value to the technical field of biological filters.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same according to the content of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-efficient even quick water and gas distribution back flush system of biological filter, its characterized in that: the system consists of a biological filter water and gas distribution chamber body, a filter plate, a filter head, a back flushing gas distribution main pipe, a back flushing gas distribution branch pipe, a spacing filter beam, a multi-grid filter beam room, a ventilation gas distribution device, a pressure sensor, a back flushing water system, a back flushing gas system and an exhaust system; the filter plate of the water distribution air chamber body is divided into a plurality of grid filter beams by a lower interval filter beam; the filter head is arranged on a filter plate at the upper part between the multi-grid filter beams; the pressure sensor is positioned below the filter plate; the back flushing water system is connected below the filter plate in the water and gas distribution chamber body; the back flush distribution main pipe is connected with a plurality of back flush distribution branch pipes, and the outlets of the back flush distribution branch pipes are respectively connected in the single-grid filter beam room; the interval filter beams among the multi-grid filter beams are communicated through ventilation and air distribution devices which are uniformly fixed at uniform elevations, and the ventilation and air distribution devices are positioned at the tops of the interval filter beams and below the filter plates; the exhaust system is positioned below the filter plate; the bottom of the back flush gas distribution branch pipe extends to 1/5-4/5 of the back flush gas distribution main pipe, and the top of the back flush gas distribution branch pipe extends to 2-80mm below the filter plate.
2. The efficient, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of the biological filter, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the distance between the ventilation and air distribution devices in the interval filter beams is 100-800mm, and the distance between the centers of the ventilation and air distribution devices and the top surface of the filter beams is 5-100mm.
3. The efficient, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of the biological filter, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the filter head of the biological filter is a long-handle filter head, a short-handle filter head, an adjustable filter head or a detachable filter head; the ventilation and gas distribution device is a communicating pipe or a communicating hole, and the shape of the pipe or the communicating hole is round or square.
4. The method for using the high-efficiency, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system based on the biological filter tank of claim 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Before back flushing: the pressure sensor is used for measuring and reading the resistance value of the biological filter;
(2) Gas flushing: the backflushing gas respectively enters the backflushing gas distribution branch pipes through the backflushing gas distribution main pipe, and rapidly enters the space between the multi-grid filter beams in the water and gas distribution chamber of the biological filter, air cushion layers with different thicknesses are sequentially formed, the air cushion layers with different thicknesses among the multi-grid filter beams are communicated through ventilation gas distribution devices with uniform elevation in the tops of the interval filter beams, and rapidly form an integral air cushion layer with uniform thickness at the bottoms of the filter plates of the water and gas distribution chamber, and the biological filter is uniformly gas washed through the filter heads, so that the condition of uniform backflushing or excessive flushing of the biological filter caused by uneven gas distribution is avoided, and abnormal conditions of hardening, spraying and high water pressure of filter materials due to insufficient long-term backflushing in local areas are avoided;
(3) Air-water combined back flushing: the opening process of the air back flushing system is kept, back flushing water enters the water distribution chamber of the biological filter through the back flushing water system, and as the specific gravity of the water is higher than that of the air, the back flushing water gradually rises through the bottom of the water distribution chamber of the biological filter and gradually extrudes an air cushion layer among a plurality of grid filter beams, so that air-water combined back flushing on the biological filter is formed through the filter heads; because of the ventilation and air distribution device with uniform elevation pre-buried at the top of the interval filter beam, the air cushion layer with reduced thickness can still keep uniform thickness under the action of backwash water pressure, thereby guaranteeing uniform water distribution and air distribution in the gas-water combined backwash stage of the biological filter, avoiding abnormal conditions of uneven backwash in a local area of the filter and overlarge local excessive backwash strength, and ensuring that the filter material of the biological filter always keeps smooth and efficient operation;
(4) And (3) rinsing with water: stopping the backflushing gas system and performing a rinsing process of the independent backflushing gas system;
(5) Deflating: stopping the rinsing process of the back flushing water system, opening an exhaust system, and rapidly and thoroughly discharging the gas in each multi-grid filter beam room out of a water distribution chamber through the exhaust system by virtue of a ventilation and gas distribution device with uniform elevation at the top of the filter beam at intervals due to the gravity extrusion action of water; the water distribution uniformity of the normal operation of the biological filter after backwashing is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the long-time continuous air bubbles in the local area of the filter, which are caused by incomplete discharge systems of residual air cushion layers at the bottom of the filter plate, are avoided, and the problems of poor water outlet sense, high water inlet resistance and poor denitrification, carbon removal and phosphorus removal of the biological filter caused by the long-time continuous air bubbles are solved;
5. the method for using the efficient, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of the biological filter, which is disclosed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the back flushing system adopts a back flushing program of 'gas flushing, gas-water combined back flushing and water rinsing', or a back flushing program of 'water level reduction, gas flushing, gas-water combined back flushing and water rinsing'.
6. The method for using the efficient, uniform and rapid water and gas distribution backwashing system of the biological filter, which is disclosed in claim 5, is characterized in that: and the section flow velocity in the filter rod at the lower end of each filter head is not less than 0.1m/s during the dewatering level back flushing.
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