CN111602811A - Production and processing technology of new yak gelatin block - Google Patents
Production and processing technology of new yak gelatin block Download PDFInfo
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- CN111602811A CN111602811A CN202010374771.2A CN202010374771A CN111602811A CN 111602811 A CN111602811 A CN 111602811A CN 202010374771 A CN202010374771 A CN 202010374771A CN 111602811 A CN111602811 A CN 111602811A
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 title claims description 50
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 50
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 50
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021551 crystal sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035617 depilation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000401 skin blanching Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000032467 Aplastic anaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283074 Equus asinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000036581 Haemorrhagic anaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015710 Iron-Deficiency Anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282806 Rhinoceros Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000037336 dry skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940127554 medical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/36—Skin; Hair; Nails; Sebaceous glands; Cerumen; Epidermis; Epithelial cells; Keratinocytes; Langerhans cells; Ectodermal cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
A new yak gum block production and processing technology is characterized in that the existing processing technology flow is brand-new improved according to the characteristic that yak hair is thick and long, the new processing technology is low in water consumption, free of pollution to air and water and free of chemical residues, and therefore the quality of yak gum block products is improved.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine health products, and particularly relates to a production and processing technology of yak gelatin blocks.
Background art:
donkey-hide gelatin is a block-shaped gelatin prepared by decocting fresh and dry skins of donkey of an equine animal through a conventional processing technology, rhinoceros gelatin is powdery granular gelatin prepared by processing skins of yaks living on Qinghai-Tibet plateau through a modern processing technology and a spray drying method, and the donkey-hide gelatin and the yak-rhinoceros gelatin are good medicines for enriching blood and stopping bleeding, can be used for improving hemorrhagic anemia, iron-deficiency anemia, aplastic anemia and the weakness of old people, are rare nourishing products and are known as Guokou medical products. However, the skin soaking of the donkey-hide gelatin in the traditional processing process needs to be changed for a plurality of times, which not only wastes a large amount of water, but also pollutes water resources. And in the process of drying the skins and the skin in the rotary spherical digester, heavy foul smell can be emitted, and the atmosphere is seriously polluted. Yak gum particles are formed by processing the skin of a yak living on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau through a modern spray drying method, but in the process of manufacturing the yak gum particles, the yak skin needs to be pickled by strong base NaOH to unhair, the processing technology does not have odor, but uses a large amount of water to soak the yak skin to wash NaOH solution, so that water is wasted, water resources are polluted, and a chemical residual substance alkali is added.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a novel yak gum block manufacturing and processing technology aiming at the defects in the traditional processing technology and the modern technology, so as to solve the problems of water waste, water pollution, air pollution and chemical industry residue in the background technology, thereby providing a more environment-friendly and better-quality yak gum block product for consumers.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
a production process of new yak gelatin block comprises the following two stages;
the first stage is a yak skin preprocessing stage and comprises the following steps;
(1) selecting a skin: the selected raw materials are the skins of yaks which live on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau all year round, and the selected yak skins are fresh soft skins;
(2) and cleaning: washing yak skin picked in the step (1) by using a high-pressure water gun, wherein dirt such as bloodstain and the like on the yak skin is washed by water at the temperature of 40-45 ℃;
(3) and steaming yak hide: transferring the yak skin washed cleanly in the step (2) to a closed steam room, controlling the temperature of the steam room to be 55-58 ℃, and steaming and scalding the yak skin for 20 minutes, wherein the steaming and scalding standard is that the yak skin can be pulled out by lightly pulling the hair by hands;
(4) and (3) depilation: quickly dividing the steamed and ironed yak skin obtained in the step (3) into square cow skins with the length of 1m multiplied by 1m, moving the square cow skins to a depilation workshop, unhairing by using a depilator, and manually pulling out the local small-area undewore cow hair;
(5) deoiling: transferring the hairless yak skin obtained in the step (4) to a degreasing workshop, scraping substances such as minced meat, fat and the like adhered with the yak skin by using a degreasing machine, and cleaning the yak skin by using warm water at 50 ℃;
(6) cutting into small blocks: cutting the clean yak skin obtained in the step (5) into small pieces of skin with the length and the width of 3cm multiplied by 3 cm;
(7) skin blanching: putting the small yak skin blocks obtained in the step (6) into a one-pot iron pan, adding water, scalding the yak skin for 15-20 min at a reference water level of 5cm above the immersed yak skin, controlling the water temperature to be 75-85 ℃, repeatedly scalding the yak skin for three times, and fishing out impurities such as water-soluble grease and the like by using a spoon;
(8) and drying: placing the yak skin blanched in the step (7) into a clean water leakage container, draining water, then moving to a drying workshop, and drying for 8 hours, wherein the temperature of a drying room is controlled at 50 ℃, the drying standard is that the yak skin is not broken by hands, and the water content of the skin is about 18%;
(9) and packaging: and (3) moving the dried yak skin obtained in the step (8) to a packaging workshop for sealing and packaging, wherein the weight of each packaging bag is 50 kg, and placing the packaged yak skin into a storehouse for later use.
The second stage, which is a yak hide finished product processing stage, comprises the following steps;
[1] softening the skin: putting 300kg-500kg of the pretreated yak skin, namely the packaged dried skin into a pressure cooker, and adding water with the weight of 1.3 times-1.5 times of that of the yak skin. Softening yak skin for 10 hr with water temperature controlled at about 60 deg.C;
[2] and (3) melting the skin: and (3) adding water into the soft yak skin obtained in the step (1) in a pressure cooker, wherein the water level is 3-5 cm above the yak skin and is a reference water level, and boiling for ten hours at regular time. Controlling steam pressure at 0.12-0.15Mpa, extracting the first glue solution, and filtering. And (4) placing the filtered yak gelatin liquid into a stainless steel barrel-shaped container, and keeping filter residues. Adding water to the filter residue again, wherein the water level is 3-5 cm above the yak skin, and the pressure of the pressure cooker is controlled at 0.11-0.15Mpa, and boiling yak skin for the second time. Boiling for 3 hours, extracting the glue solution for the second time, mixing the filtered glue solution with the glue solution extracted for the first time, then removing filter residues, and cleaning the pressure cooker;
[3] separating impurities: pumping the yak gelatin solution extracted in the step (2) into a three-leg centrifuge to be centrifuged to a liquid storage tank, and centrifuging the yak gelatin solution to a concentration pot by a butterfly separator;
[4] and concentrating: heating the yak gelatin liquid put into the concentration pot in the step (3), controlling the temperature to be about 85 ℃, concentrating the gelatin liquid for 24 hours until the gelatin liquid is picked up by a shovel and hung on beads, and then transferring the gelatin liquid into a foam applying pot;
[5] and foam extraction: adding water into the glue solution obtained in the step (4), heating to 100 ℃ to boil and concentrate the glue solution, fishing out floating foam impurities floating on the glue solution by using a spoon, and extracting foam for 3 times according to the method;
[6] melting the rock candy: heating and melting crystal sugar and water according to a ratio of 1: 2 for later use;
[7] and glue discharging: conveying the glue solution subjected to foam extraction in the step (5) into a glue boiling pot by using an electric diaphragm pump, concentrating until beads are picked up by a shovel, sequentially adding soybean oil, yellow wine and dissolved crystal sugar solution, continuously concentrating until the hanging flag is picked up by the shovel by 15-20 cm, discharging the glue, wherein the water content of the glue is about 29%, transferring the glue solution into a special stainless steel glue box, and standing for 12 hours;
[8] and gel: transferring the stainless steel glue box placed in the step (7) and glue to a cold glue workshop, controlling the temperature of the cold glue workshop to be 5-15 ℃, and freezing for 12 hours;
[9] digging glue: digging out the frozen rubber blocks in the step (8), and continuously freezing for 24-48 hours, wherein the temperature is controlled at 3-5 ℃;
[10] cutting the rubber: cutting the glue blocks frozen in the step (9) into rectangular glue blocks with the length, width and thickness of 6cm multiplied by 3cm multiplied by 0.45cm, wherein the glue blocks are complete and have no cracks when the glue is cut according to the standard;
[11] and drying the glue: and (5) placing the cut rectangular gel blocks in the step (10) on a gel airing rack for airing gel, so that the yak gel blocks with the highest quality can be obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the process flow design is reasonable, and after the improvement is carried out on the characteristic that the yak hair is thick and long, a brand-new processing treatment process has no water and air pollution and no chemical residual yak gum block, thereby obtaining the product with the best quality and reassurance
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific embodiments:
example 1
A production process of new yak gelatin block comprises the following two stages;
the first stage is a yak skin preprocessing stage and comprises the following steps;
(1) selecting a skin: the selected raw materials are the skins of yaks which live on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau all year round, and the selected yak skins are fresh soft skins;
(2) and cleaning: washing yak skin picked in the step (1) by using a high-pressure water gun, wherein dirt such as bloodstain and the like on the yak skin is washed by water at the temperature of 40-45 ℃;
(3) and steaming yak hide: transferring the yak skin washed cleanly in the step (2) to a closed steam room, controlling the temperature of the steam room to be 55-58 ℃, and steaming and scalding the yak skin for 20 minutes, wherein the steaming and scalding standard is that the yak skin can be pulled out by lightly pulling the hair by hands;
(4) and (3) depilation: quickly dividing the steamed and ironed yak skin obtained in the step (3) into square cow skins with the length of 1m multiplied by 1m, moving the square cow skins to a depilation workshop, unhairing by using a depilator, and manually pulling out the local small-area undewore cow hair;
(5) deoiling: transferring the hairless yak skin obtained in the step (4) to a degreasing workshop, scraping substances such as minced meat, fat and the like adhered with the yak skin by using a degreasing machine, and cleaning the yak skin by using warm water at 50 ℃;
(6) cutting into small blocks: cutting the clean yak skin obtained in the step (5) into small pieces of skin with the length and the width of 3cm multiplied by 3 cm;
(7) skin blanching: putting the small yak skin blocks obtained in the step (6) into a one-pot iron pan, adding water, scalding the yak skin for 15-20 min at a reference water level of 5cm above the immersed yak skin, controlling the water temperature to be 75-85 ℃, repeatedly scalding the yak skin for three times, and fishing out impurities such as water-soluble grease and the like by using a spoon;
(8) and drying: placing the yak skin blanched in the step (7) into a clean water leakage container, draining water, then moving to a drying workshop, and drying for 8 hours, wherein the temperature of a drying room is controlled at 50 ℃, the drying standard is that the yak skin is not broken by hands, and the water content of the skin is about 18%;
(9) and packaging: and (3) moving the dried yak skin obtained in the step (8) to a packaging workshop for sealing and packaging, wherein the weight of each packaging bag is 50 kg, and placing the packaged yak skin into a storehouse for later use.
The second stage, which is a yak hide finished product processing stage, comprises the following steps;
[1] softening the skin: putting 300kg of the pretreated yak skin, namely the packaged dried skin into a pressure cooker, and adding water with the weight 1.3 times of that of the yak skin. Softening yak skin for 10 hr with water temperature controlled at about 60 deg.C;
[2] and (3) melting the skin: and (3) adding water into the soft yak skin obtained in the step (1) in a pressure cooker, wherein the water level is 3cm above the submerged yak skin and is a reference water level, and boiling for ten hours at regular time. Controlling vapor pressure at 0.12Mpa, extracting the first glue solution, and filtering. And (4) placing the filtered yak gelatin liquid into a stainless steel barrel-shaped container, and keeping filter residues. And adding water into the filter residue again, wherein the water level is 3cm above the submerged yak skin and is a reference water level, and the pressure of the pressure cooker is controlled at 0.11Mpa, and boiling the yak skin for the second time. Boiling for 3 hours, extracting the glue solution for the second time, mixing the filtered glue solution with the glue solution extracted for the first time, then removing filter residues, and cleaning the pressure cooker;
[3] separating impurities: pumping the yak gelatin solution extracted in the step (2) into a three-leg centrifuge to be centrifuged to a liquid storage tank, and centrifuging the yak gelatin solution to a concentration pot by a butterfly separator;
[4] and concentrating: heating the yak gelatin liquid put into the concentration pot in the step (3), controlling the temperature to be about 85 ℃, concentrating the gelatin liquid for 24 hours until the gelatin liquid is picked up by a shovel and hung on beads, and then transferring the gelatin liquid into a foam applying pot;
[5] and foam extraction: adding water into the glue solution obtained in the step (4), heating to 100 ℃ to boil and concentrate the glue solution, fishing out floating foam impurities floating on the glue solution by using a spoon, and extracting foam for 3 times according to the method;
[6] melting the rock candy: heating 10kg of rock candy and 20kg of water to melt for later use;
[7] and glue discharging: conveying the glue solution subjected to foam extraction in the step (5) into a glue boiling pot by using an electric diaphragm pump, concentrating until beads are picked up by using a shovel, sequentially adding soybean oil, yellow wine and dissolved crystal sugar solution, continuously concentrating until a flag is picked up by using the shovel for 15cm, discharging the glue, wherein the water content of the glue is about 29%, transferring the glue solution into a special stainless steel glue box, and standing for 12 hours;
[8] and gel: transferring the stainless steel glue box placed in the step (7) and glue to a cold glue workshop, controlling the temperature of the cold glue workshop to be 5 ℃, and freezing for 12 hours;
[9] digging glue: digging out the frozen rubber blocks in the step (8), and continuously freezing for 24-48 hours, wherein the temperature is controlled at 3 ℃;
[10] cutting the rubber: cutting the glue blocks frozen in the step (9) into rectangular glue blocks with the length, width and thickness of 6cm multiplied by 3cm multiplied by 0.45cm, wherein the glue blocks are complete and have no cracks when the glue is cut according to the standard;
[11] and drying the glue: and (5) placing the cut rectangular gel blocks in the step (10) on a gel airing rack for airing gel, so that the yak gel blocks with the highest quality can be obtained.
Example 2
A production process of new yak gelatin block comprises the following two stages;
the first stage is a yak skin preprocessing stage, and the steps are the same as the first stage of the embodiment 1;
the second stage, which is a yak hide finished product processing stage, comprises the following steps;
[1] softening the skin: putting 400kg of the pretreated yak skin, namely the packaged dried skin into a pressure cooker, and adding water with the weight 1.4 times of that of the yak skin. Softening yak skin for 12 hr with water temperature controlled at about 60 deg.C;
[2] and (3) melting the skin: and (3) adding water into the soft yak skin obtained in the step (1) in a pressure cooker, wherein the water level is 4cm above the submerged yak skin and is a reference water level, and boiling for ten hours at regular time. Controlling steam pressure at 0.135Mpa, extracting the first glue solution, and filtering. And (4) placing the filtered yak gelatin liquid into a stainless steel barrel-shaped container, and keeping filter residues. And adding water into the filter residue again, wherein the water level is 4cm above the submerged yak skin and is the reference water level, and the pressure of the pressure cooker is controlled at 0.135Mpa, and boiling the yak skin for the second time. Boiling for 3 hours, extracting the glue solution for the second time, mixing the filtered glue solution with the glue solution extracted for the first time, then removing filter residues, and cleaning the pressure cooker;
[3] separating impurities: pumping the yak gelatin solution extracted in the step (2) into a three-leg centrifuge to be centrifuged to a liquid storage tank, and centrifuging the yak gelatin solution to a concentration pot by a butterfly separator;
[4] and concentrating: heating the yak gelatin liquid put into the concentration pot in the step (3), controlling the temperature to be about 85 ℃, concentrating the gelatin liquid for 24 hours until the gelatin liquid is picked up by a shovel and hung on beads, and then transferring the gelatin liquid into a foam applying pot;
[5] and foam extraction: adding water into the glue solution obtained in the step (4), heating to 100 ℃ to boil and concentrate the glue solution, fishing out floating foam impurities floating on the glue solution by using a spoon, and extracting foam for 3 times according to the method;
[6] melting the rock candy: heating and melting 15kg of rock candy and 30kg of water for later use;
[7] and glue discharging: conveying the glue solution subjected to foam extraction in the step (5) into a glue boiling pot by using an electric diaphragm pump, concentrating until beads are picked up by using a shovel, sequentially adding soybean oil, yellow wine and dissolved crystal sugar solution, continuously concentrating until a flag is picked up by using the shovel for 18cm, discharging the glue, wherein the water content of the glue is about 29%, transferring the glue solution into a special stainless steel glue box, and standing for 12 hours;
[8] and gel: transferring the stainless steel glue box placed in the step (7) and glue to a cold glue workshop, controlling the temperature of the cold glue workshop at 10 ℃, and freezing for 12 hours;
[9] digging glue: digging out the frozen rubber blocks in the step (8), and continuously freezing for 24-48 hours, wherein the temperature is controlled at 4 ℃;
[10] cutting the rubber: cutting the glue blocks frozen in the step (9) into rectangular glue blocks with the length, width and thickness of 6cm multiplied by 3cm multiplied by 0.45cm, wherein the glue blocks are complete and have no cracks when the glue is cut according to the standard;
[11] and drying the glue: and (5) placing the cut rectangular gel blocks in the step (10) on a gel airing rack for airing gel, so that the yak gel blocks with the highest quality can be obtained.
Embodiment 3
A production process of new yak gelatin block comprises the following two stages;
the first stage is a yak skin preprocessing stage, and the steps are the same as the first stage of the embodiment 1;
the second stage, which is a yak hide finished product processing stage, comprises the following steps;
[1] softening the skin: putting 500kg of the pretreated yak skin, namely the packaged dried skin into a pressure cooker, and adding water with the weight 1.5 times of that of the yak skin. Softening yak skin for 14 hr with water temperature controlled at about 60 deg.C;
[2] and (3) melting the skin: and (3) adding water into the soft yak skin obtained in the step (1) in a pressure cooker, wherein the water level is 5cm above the submerged yak skin and is a reference water level, and boiling for ten hours at regular time. Controlling steam pressure at 0.15Mpa, extracting the first glue solution, and filtering. And (4) placing the filtered yak gelatin liquid into a stainless steel barrel-shaped container, and keeping filter residues. And adding water into the filter residue again, wherein the water level is 5cm above the submerged yak skin and is a reference water level, and the pressure of the pressure cooker is controlled at 0.15Mpa, and boiling the yak skin for the second time. Boiling for 3 hours, extracting the glue solution for the second time, mixing the filtered glue solution with the glue solution extracted for the first time, then removing filter residues, and cleaning the pressure cooker;
[3] separating impurities: pumping the yak gelatin solution extracted in the step (2) into a three-leg centrifuge to be centrifuged to a liquid storage tank, and centrifuging the yak gelatin solution to a concentration pot by a butterfly separator;
[4] and concentrating: heating the yak gelatin liquid put into the concentration pot in the step (3), controlling the temperature to be about 85 ℃, concentrating the gelatin liquid for 24 hours until the gelatin liquid is picked up by a shovel and hung on beads, and then transferring the gelatin liquid into a foam applying pot;
[5] and foam extraction: adding water into the glue solution obtained in the step (4), heating to 100 ℃ to boil and concentrate the glue solution, fishing out floating foam impurities floating on the glue solution by using a spoon, and extracting foam for 3 times according to the method;
[6] melting the rock candy: heating and melting 20kg of rock candy and 40kg of water for later use;
[7] and glue discharging: conveying the glue solution subjected to foam extraction in the step (5) into a glue boiling pot by using an electric diaphragm pump, concentrating until beads are picked up by a shovel, sequentially adding soybean oil, yellow wine and dissolved crystal sugar solution, continuously concentrating until 20cm of a flag is picked up by the shovel, discharging the glue, wherein the water content of the glue is about 29%, transferring the glue solution into a special stainless steel glue box, and standing for 12 hours;
[8] and gel: transferring the stainless steel glue box placed in the step (7) and glue to a cold glue workshop, controlling the temperature of the cold glue workshop at 15 ℃, and freezing for 12 hours;
[9] digging glue: digging out the frozen rubber blocks in the step (8), and continuously freezing for 24-48 hours, wherein the temperature is controlled at 5 ℃;
[10] cutting the rubber: cutting the glue blocks frozen in the step (9) into rectangular glue blocks with the length, width and thickness of 6cm multiplied by 3cm multiplied by 0.45cm, wherein the glue blocks are complete and have no cracks when the glue is cut according to the standard;
[11] and drying the glue: and (5) placing the cut rectangular gel blocks in the step (10) on a gel airing rack for airing gel, so that the yak gel blocks with the highest quality can be obtained.
The foregoing detailed description has provided a clear and complete description of the features of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The invention is not described in detail, but is well known in the art.
Claims (1)
1. A production and processing technology of a new yak gelatin block is divided into two stages and is characterized by comprising the following steps;
the first stage is a yak skin preprocessing stage and comprises the following steps;
(1) selecting a skin: the selected raw materials are the skins of yaks which live on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau all year round, and the selected yak skins are fresh soft skins;
(2) and cleaning: washing yak skin picked in the step (1) by using a high-pressure water gun, wherein dirt such as bloodstain and the like on the yak skin is washed by water at the temperature of 40-45 ℃;
(3) and steaming yak hide: transferring the yak skin washed cleanly in the step (2) to a closed steam room, controlling the temperature of the steam room to be 55-58 ℃, and steaming and scalding the yak skin for 20 minutes, wherein the steaming and scalding standard is that the yak skin can be pulled out by lightly pulling the hair by hands;
(4) and (3) depilation: quickly dividing the steamed and ironed yak skin obtained in the step (3) into square cow skins with the length of 1m multiplied by 1m, moving the square cow skins to a depilation workshop, unhairing by using a depilator, and manually pulling out the local small-area undewore cow hair;
(5) deoiling: transferring the hairless yak skin obtained in the step (4) to a degreasing workshop, scraping substances such as minced meat, fat and the like adhered with the yak skin by using a degreasing machine, and cleaning the yak skin by using warm water at 50 ℃;
(6) cutting into small blocks: cutting the clean yak skin obtained in the step (5) into small pieces of skin with the length and the width of 3cm multiplied by 3 cm;
(7) skin blanching: putting the small yak skin blocks obtained in the step (6) into a one-pot iron pan, adding water, scalding the yak skin for 15-20 min at a reference water level of 5cm above the immersed yak skin, controlling the water temperature to be 75-85 ℃, repeatedly scalding the yak skin for three times, and fishing out impurities such as water-soluble grease and the like by using a spoon;
(8) and drying: placing the yak skin blanched in the step (7) into a clean water leakage container, draining water, then moving to a drying workshop, and drying for 8 hours, wherein the temperature of a drying room is controlled at 50 ℃, the drying standard is that the yak skin is not broken by hands, and the water content of the skin is about 18%;
(9) and packaging: and (3) moving the dried yak skin obtained in the step (8) to a packaging workshop for sealing and packaging, wherein the weight of each packaging bag is 50 kg, and placing the packaged yak skin into a storehouse for later use.
The second stage, which is a yak hide finished product processing stage, comprises the following steps;
[1] softening the skin: putting 300kg-500kg of the pretreated yak skin, namely the packaged dried skin into a pressure cooker, and adding water with the weight of 1.3 times-1.5 times of that of the yak skin. Softening yak skin for 10 hr with water temperature controlled at about 60 deg.C;
[2] and (3) melting the skin: and (3) adding water into the soft yak skin obtained in the step (1) in a pressure cooker, wherein the water level is 3-5 cm above the yak skin and is a reference water level, and boiling for ten hours at regular time. Controlling steam pressure at 0.12-0.15Mpa, extracting the first glue solution, and filtering. And (4) placing the filtered yak gelatin liquid into a stainless steel barrel-shaped container, and keeping filter residues. Adding water to the filter residue again, wherein the water level is 3-5 cm above the yak skin, and the pressure of the pressure cooker is controlled at 0.11-0.15Mpa, and boiling yak skin for the second time. Boiling for 3 hours, extracting the glue solution for the second time, mixing the filtered glue solution with the glue solution extracted for the first time, then removing filter residues, and cleaning the pressure cooker;
[3] separating impurities: pumping the yak gelatin solution extracted in the step (2) into a three-leg centrifuge to be centrifuged to a liquid storage tank, and centrifuging the yak gelatin solution to a concentration pot by a butterfly separator;
[4] and concentrating: heating the yak gelatin liquid put into the concentration pot in the step (3), controlling the temperature to be about 85 ℃, concentrating the gelatin liquid for 24 hours until the gelatin liquid is picked up by a shovel and hung on beads, and then transferring the gelatin liquid into a foam applying pot;
[5] and foam extraction: adding water into the glue solution obtained in the step (4), heating to 100 ℃ to boil and concentrate the glue solution, fishing out floating foam impurities floating on the glue solution by using a spoon, and extracting foam for 3 times according to the method;
[6] melting the rock candy: heating and melting crystal sugar and water according to a ratio of 1: 2 for later use;
[7] and glue discharging: conveying the glue solution subjected to foam extraction in the step (5) into a glue boiling pot by using an electric diaphragm pump, concentrating until beads are picked up by a shovel, sequentially adding soybean oil, yellow wine and dissolved crystal sugar solution, continuously concentrating until the hanging flag is picked up by the shovel by 15-20 cm, discharging the glue, wherein the water content of the glue is about 29%, transferring the glue solution into a special stainless steel glue box, and standing for 12 hours;
[8] and gel: transferring the stainless steel glue box placed in the step (7) and glue to a cold glue workshop, controlling the temperature of the cold glue workshop to be 5-15 ℃, and freezing for 12 hours;
[9] digging glue: digging out the frozen rubber blocks in the step (8), and continuously freezing for 24-48 hours, wherein the temperature is controlled at 3-5 ℃;
[10] cutting the rubber: cutting the glue blocks frozen in the step (9) into rectangular glue blocks with the length, width and thickness of 6cm multiplied by 3cm multiplied by 0.45cm, wherein the glue blocks are complete and have no cracks when the glue is cut according to the standard;
[11] and drying the glue: and (5) placing the cut rectangular gel blocks in the step (10) on a gel airing rack for airing gel, so that the yak gel blocks with the highest quality can be obtained.
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