CN111602065A - 用于检测电池中的故障电池单元的方法 - Google Patents

用于检测电池中的故障电池单元的方法 Download PDF

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CN111602065A
CN111602065A CN201980008212.5A CN201980008212A CN111602065A CN 111602065 A CN111602065 A CN 111602065A CN 201980008212 A CN201980008212 A CN 201980008212A CN 111602065 A CN111602065 A CN 111602065A
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B·德洛贝尔
M·奥里古奇
B·阿尔萨克
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于检测电池组中的故障电池单元的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:‑测量该电池组中的每个电池单元的端子处的空载电压的步骤;‑根据在其期间不使用该电池组的天数来计算在所述电池单元的端子处测得的该空载电压与已知的平均空载电压之间的偏差的步骤;‑计算所述计算出的偏差与变量n.σ之差的步骤,其中,n是不小于1的整数,并且σ是已知标准偏差,该已知标准偏差是在其期间不使用该电池组的天数的函数;以及‑在所述差大于零的情况下检测故障电池单元的步骤。

Description

用于检测电池中的故障电池单元的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于检测电池中的故障电池单元的方法。
背景技术
目前,存在使得可以保护不平衡的电池组免受故障电池单元影响的诊断程序。然而,这种不平衡不一定是由于故障电池单元引起的,而是非常简单地由于自放电的偏差引起的。
具体而言,该诊断程序通常在于测量电压以便估计充电最多的电池单元与充电最少的电池单元之间的SOC(荷电状态)差。因此,如果该差大于预定阈值,则将禁止车辆再充电。因此,一旦车辆放电,该车辆就将被保持不动,并且必须将其返回经销商以进行维修。然而,如我们已经能够证明的,可能具有技术或生产批次所固有的、可能会给人错误的印象(即,电池组至少包含一个故障电池单元)的“自然”自放电偏差。因此,如果客户仅很少使用他的车辆,则他就不会从长时间平衡电池单元中受益。在这种情况下,客户可能具有这样的电池组,该电池组是完全正常运行的,但在一定时间之后不再能够被充电,因为该电池组将被诊断为故障的,这是由于在具有最小SOC的电池单元与具有最大SOC的电池单元之间的SOC差将大于预定阈值。
为了检测不适合用于给定用途的或寿命终止的电池单元,并因此不继续将这些电池单元用于该给定用途,专利US 8332342披露了一种方法,其中,对电池单元在其针对给定用途汲取放电电流时的内部电化学行为进行了数学建模,并且然后从中推导出所述用途之后的理论SOC和端子电压。因此,根据理论SOC和端子电压,继续或不继续将该电池单元用于该给定用途。
在该文件中描述的方法的缺点是实施起来非常复杂,因为其需要非常准确的电池单元的电化学知识和非常高的计算能力。
因此,当前的方法要么没有足够的性能来区分实际故障与自然放电,要么实施起来非常复杂。
发明内容
根据本发明的检测方法使得可以特别通过不产生与自然自放电的混淆来安全地、容易地且可靠地检测电池组中的故障电池单元,同时克服了现有技术中突出的缺点。
本发明的一个主题是一种用于检测电池组中的缺陷电池单元的方法。
根据本发明的方法的主要特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
-测量该电池组中的每个电池单元的端子两端的空载电压的步骤,
-根据不使用该电池组的天数来计算在所述电池单元的端子两端测得的该空载电压与已知的平均空载电压之间的偏差的步骤,
-计算所述计算出的偏差与变量n.σ之差的步骤,其中,n是大于或等于一的整数,并且σ是取决于不使用该电池组的天数的已知标准偏差,
-在所述差大于零的情况下检测缺陷电池单元的步骤。
因此,该方法使得可以单独地测试形成电池组的每个电池单元,以便检测其中至少一个电池单元的实际故障。该方法基于将在电池单元的空载电压测量值与每个电池单元应该具有的平均空载电压之间计算出的偏差与同标准偏差成比例的变量进行比较,该计算出的偏差取决于不使用电池的天数。因此,与对形成电池组的电池单元的荷电状态的偏差进行简单评估相比,用于建立对电池单元的实际故障的诊断的标准更加完整并且更加准确。这种方法优选地在机动车辆中通过计算机来执行。有利地,通过根据本发明的方法,驾驶员在启动其车辆时被告知电池组中存在至少一个故障电池单元。指配给电池单元的术语“故障的”和“缺陷的”是等效的。
有利地,n是2至10之间的整数。
优选地,根据本发明的方法包括在检测到缺陷电池单元时的警告步骤。具体地,如果检测到缺陷电池单元,则实施用于防止电池被再充电的手段。重要的是,将这种故障告知车辆驾驶员,以便尽可能早地采取所需措施。
警告步骤优选地使用对于实施该方法的人可见的视觉信号。有利地,该视觉信号通过在车辆的仪表板的屏幕上激活的特定的指示灯提供。
有利地,警告步骤使用对于实施该方法的人可听到的音频信号。
有利地,根据本发明的检测方法实施在检测到至少一个缺陷电池单元时防止电池组被再充电的步骤。以这种方式,一旦检测到缺陷电池单元,就不再能够对电池进行再充电,这意味着用户必须拜访专业人员以更换该缺陷电池单元。
优选地,如果σ≥5mV,则n=6。
优选地,如果σ≥10mV,则n=4。
有利地,如果σ≥20mV,则n=3。
有利地,根据本发明的检测方法包括在检测到缺陷电池单元的情况下显示自主性丧失的步骤。因此,当电池单元故障时,这反映为车辆的自主性下降,并且立即将其告知车辆驾驶员。
根据本发明的检测方法的优点在于,特别通过消除某些电池单元随时间推移自然放电比其他电池单元更快的配置来安全地且可靠地检测电池组中的电池单元的实际故障。
附图说明
参考以下附图在下文中给出了根据本发明的检测方法的一个优选实施例的详细描述:
-图1是展示了根据现有技术的用于检测缺陷电池单元的方法的主要步骤的流程图,
-图2是展示了根据本发明的用于检测缺陷电池单元的方法的主要步骤的流程图,
-图3是展示了电池组的正常运行电池单元的分布作为所测得的空载电压的函数的第一示例的曲线图,
-图4是展示了电池组的正常运行电池单元的分布作为所测得的空载电压的函数的第二示例的曲线图,
-图5是展示了电池组的正常运行电池单元的分布作为所测得的空载电压的函数的第三示例的曲线图,其示出了缺陷电池单元。
具体实施方式
参考图1,来自现有技术的用于检测电池组中的故障电池单元的方法包括:
-测量电池组中的每个电池单元的端子两端的电压的步骤,
-估计所述电池单元中的每个电池单元的SOC的步骤,
-确定充电最多的电池单元与充电最少的电池单元之间的SOC差的步骤,
-在该差大于或等于预定值(例如,该预定值可以等于20%或30%)的情况下检测故障电池单元的步骤。
检测电池组中的至少一个故障电池单元通常伴随有禁止对所述电池组进行充电的步骤,这是因为由于存在至少一个故障电池单元,所以该电池组被认为是不可操作的。因此,在能够对该电池组进行再充电之前,有必要用配备了满容量的新电池单元来更换每个故障电池单元。现在,这种方法是相对受限的,因为在例如长时间不使用车辆的情况下,没有考虑到电池单元随时间推移的自然放电。换句话说,该方法不能够最终将故障电池单元与有效但已放电的电池单元区分开。
根据本发明的检测方法具有以下特征:使得可以可靠地且明确地将故障电池单元与健康但已放电的电池单元区分开。
以这种方式,参考图2,根据本发明的用于检测电池组中的故障电池单元的方法包括以下步骤:
-测量电池组中的每个电池单元的端子两端的空载电压的步骤,
-根据不使用电池的天数来计算在所述电池单元的端子两端测得的空载电压与已知的平均空载电压之间的偏差的步骤,
-计算所述计算出的偏差与变量n.σ之差的步骤,其中,n是大于或等于一的整数,并且σ是取决于不使用电池的天数的已知标准偏差,
-在所述差大于零的情况下检测缺陷电池单元的步骤。
与以上描述的来自现有技术的方法相比,根据本发明的方法通过结合在一定天数内不使用电池组时电池单元的自然电荷损失的现象提出了一种更现实的方法。以这种方式,这种自然电荷损失将不再易于使检测故障电池单元的条件出现偏误。
能够根据标准偏差σ的值来调整变量n.σ。以这种方式,通过示例展现了许多优点,
Figure BDA0002581104310000061
如果σ>5mV,则n可以被设置为6,
Figure BDA0002581104310000062
如果σ>10mV,则n可以被设置为4,
Figure BDA0002581104310000063
如果σ>20mV,则n可以被设置为3。
图3展示了电池组的电池单元的第一示例性分布,该第一示例性分布是在所述电池单元中的每个电池单元的端子两端测得的空载电压的函数。换句话说,每个点表示具有相同测得的空载电压的电池单元的数量。可以观察到,当电池单元都不故障时,所有的点都被组织在高斯平均值周围。所测得的电压的变化以及因此电池单元之间的荷电状态的变化是由于自放电现象引起的,该自放电现象在不同的电池单元之间或多或少地表现出来。
图4展示了电池组的电池单元的第二示例性分布,该第二示例性分布是在所述电池单元中的每个电池单元的端子两端测得的空载电压的函数。所有点都是连贯的,因为它们使得可以定义连续且规则的分布曲线,而无需强调将离开该曲线的单个点。因此,在所有这些电压测量值的原点处,电池组没有任何故障电池单元。
图5展示了电池组的电池单元的第三示例性分布,该第三示例性分布是在所述电池单元中的每个电池单元的端子两端测得的空载电压的函数。与图4所展示的规则曲线相比,图5的曲线图示出了位于这样的曲线的稍外侧的奇点1,该曲线表示作为在所述电池单元的端子两端测得的空载电压的函数的电池单元分布。该点反映出电池组中存在实际上故障的电池单元。在这种情况下,电池被保持不动,并且不再可以对其进行再充电。
根据本发明的检测方法在配备有电池的车辆中通过以下各项来实施:具有适当软件的车载计算机、以及用于测量每个电池单元的端子两端的电压的各种装置。以这种方式,当驾驶员打开点火开关时,他立即且直接地被告知其电池的状态。
在这方面,一旦已经检测到存在至少一个故障电池单元,根据本发明的检测方法就实施警告步骤,该警告步骤允许驾驶员被告知存在故障电池单元。例如,可以通过出现在仪表板上的指示灯或特性音频信号来执行该警告步骤。
如果所述电池中的至少一个电池单元被证明是故障的并且没有被更换,则根据本发明的检测方法还可以实施自动阻止对电池的再充电的步骤。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于检测电池组中的缺陷电池单元的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
-测量该电池组中的每个电池单元的端子两端的空载电压的步骤,
-根据不使用该电池组的天数来计算在所述电池单元的端子两端测得的该空载电压与已知的平均空载电压之间的偏差的步骤,
-计算所述计算出的偏差与变量n.σ之差的步骤,其中,n是大于或等于一的整数,并且σ是取决于不使用该电池组的天数的已知标准偏差,
-在所述差大于零的情况下检测缺陷电池单元的步骤。
2.如权利要求1所述的检测方法,其特征在于,n是2至10之间的整数。
3.如权利要求1和2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括在检测到缺陷电池单元时的警告步骤。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,该警告步骤使用对于实施该方法的人可见的视觉信号。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,该警告步骤使用对于实施该方法的人可听到的音频信号。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法实施在检测到至少一个缺陷电池单元时防止该电池组被再充电的步骤。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,如果σ≥5mV,则n=6。
8.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,如果σ≥10mV,则n=4。
9.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,如果σ≥20mV,则n=3。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括在检测到故障电池单元的情况下显示自主性丧失的步骤。
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