CN111597696A - Method for evaluating water delivery quantity of oasis in arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization - Google Patents

Method for evaluating water delivery quantity of oasis in arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization Download PDF

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CN111597696A
CN111597696A CN202010372702.8A CN202010372702A CN111597696A CN 111597696 A CN111597696 A CN 111597696A CN 202010372702 A CN202010372702 A CN 202010372702A CN 111597696 A CN111597696 A CN 111597696A
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黄峰
张丹蓉
陈喜
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for evaluating the water delivery amount of oasis in an arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization, and belongs to the technical field of ecological hydrological branches in geophysical. The method for evaluating the water transmission capacity of the oasis in the arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization comprises the steps of constructing a conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model, analyzing ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss under different ecological water transmission capacities through situation simulation, performing multi-objective optimization by adopting an ideal situation distance analysis method, and determining an optimal target for recovering the oasis and the corresponding ecological water transmission capacity; the invention improves the utilization efficiency of ecological water delivery quantity, underground water burial depth, oasis area and vegetation index observation data, improves the water resource utilization efficiency of ecological water delivery restoration oasis ecosystem structure and function, and promotes the rationality and scientificity of water resource management, ecological restoration and protection in arid regions.

Description

Method for evaluating water delivery quantity of oasis in arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological hydrological branches in geophysical, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the water delivery quantity of oasis in an arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization.
Background
The water resources in northwest arid areas of China are scarce, the ecology is fragile, the water use contradiction is prominent, the development and utilization degree of the watershed water resources is high, and the ecological water is occupied to a certain extent, so that the surface water quantity is reduced, the underground water level is reduced, and the ecology of natural oasis is degraded. Ecological water delivery is one of the important engineering measures for repairing and protecting the ecological systems of riparian zone and the natural oasis in arid regions, beneficial exploration practices have been carried out in the watersheds of Tarim river, black river, sheep river and the like, and more remarkable effects are obtained. The ecological water delivery quantity is one of important indexes which need to be considered in ecological water delivery engineering decision.
At present, in the relevant research and engineering practice of restoring the ecological system of the oasis by ecological water delivery in the arid region, the ecological water delivery is estimated by analyzing the ecological water demand reaching the ecological restoration target through ecological hydrological simulation based on the ecological restoration target set in anticipation in estimating the ecological water delivery. Most of the ecological hydrological models adopted by the ecological water delivery quantity evaluation method are distributed models of a semi-physical mechanism, the model structure is complex, and the calculation cost is high; although the ecological hydrologic response process of oasis restoration to ecological water delivery is analyzed, the ecological benefit and evapotranspiration loss associated with the ecological hydrologic response process and the correlation between the ecological benefit and the evapotranspiration loss under different ecological water delivery amounts are not deeply analyzed, and the ecological restoration target and the corresponding preference of the ecological water delivery amount cannot be reflected. Due to the scarcity of water resources in arid regions, the evaporation and dispersion water loss of ecological water delivery and ecological benefit recovery of oasis need to be optimized comprehensively, and the maximum ecological benefit is obtained by adopting the minimum evaporation and dispersion loss so as to determine the ecological water delivery.
Therefore, a conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model and a multi-objective optimization method are developed and fused, and a method for evaluating the water delivery quantity of oasis in an arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the water delivery rate of oasis in an arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization, overcomes the defects of complex structure and time-consuming operation of the existing ecological hydrological model, overcomes the defect that the ecological water delivery rate does not embody an ecological restoration target and the ecological water delivery rate preference by adopting the ecological hydrological simulation, improves the utilization efficiency of observation data of the ecological water delivery rate, the buried depth of underground water, the area of the oasis and vegetation indexes, improves the utilization efficiency of water resources of the ecological water delivery rate for restoring the ecological system structure and function of the oasis, and improves the rationality and scientificity of water resource management, ecological restoration and protection in the arid region.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
further, a conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model is constructed based on the method for evaluating the water transmission capacity of the oasis in the arid region through ecological hydrological simulation and optimization, ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss under different ecological water transmission capacities are analyzed through situation simulation, multi-objective optimization is carried out by adopting an ideal situation distance analysis method, and the optimal goal of oasis recovery and the corresponding ecological water transmission capacity are determined, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting and organizing basic data information of the ecological water delivery in the research area over the years, wherein the basic data information comprises the total annual ecological water delivery amount, the annual average groundwater burial depth, the oasis area and the oasis NDVI space average value;
(2) presetting an ecological water delivery situation based on ecological water delivery practices and watershed water resource characteristics, and simulating and evaluating the oasis recovery effect under different ecological water delivery situations;
(3) constructing a conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model, calibrating model parameters by adopting basic data, and developing ecological hydrological simulation analysis aiming at a preset ecological water delivery situation; the conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model takes ecological water delivery quantity as model input and takes underground water burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVI as model output;
(4) analyzing ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss under different ecological water delivery situations based on ecological hydrological simulation data under different ecological water delivery situations in the step (3), wherein the ecological hydrological simulation data comprise oasis underground water burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVI; and aiming at ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss, carrying out multi-objective optimization analysis by adopting an ideal situation distance analysis method so as to evaluate the ecological water delivery quantity.
Further, in the step (2), an ecological water delivery situation i is preset, wherein i is 1E,iIn order of WE,1＝5×106m3、WE,2＝10×106m3、WE,3＝15×106m3、WE,4＝20×106m3、WE,5＝25×106m3、WE,6＝30×106m3、WE,7＝35×106m3、WE,8＝40×106m3、WE,9＝45×106m3、WE,10＝50×106m3、WE,11＝55×106m3、WE,12＝60×106m3、WE,13＝65×106m3、WE,14＝70×106m3、WE,15＝75×106m3、WE,16＝80×106m3、WE,17＝85×106m3、WE,18＝90×106m3、WE,19＝95×106m3、WE,20＝100×106m3、WE,21＝105×106m3、WE,22＝110×106m3、WE,23＝115×106m3、WE,24＝120×106m3。
Further, in the step (3), the conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model takes the ecological water transportation amount as the model input, and takes the underground water burial depth, the oasis area and the oasis NDVI as the model output; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the core equation of the conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model is as follows:
Figure BDA0002478913490000031
Figure BDA0002478913490000032
Figure BDA0002478913490000033
wherein H is the underground water burial depth and the unit m; a is the oasis area of ecological water delivery recovery, unit km2(ii) a V reflects vegetation growth and is characterized by a space mean value of oasis NDVI; t represents the time step of the simulation and is set as 1 year; wEThe unit is 10 for the total amount of annual ecological water delivery6m3；WGThe unit mm is the natural supply quantity of the drainage basin of the underground water; eTThe evapotranspiration amount of oasis is unit mm; eGIs the evaporation capacity of the submerged water in bare land, in mm; a. theRArea of area supplied by ecological water supply for underground water, unit km2Theta is an empirical coefficient related to groundwater recharge βACharacterize the oasis area rate of change, unit 1/year βVRepresenting the change rate of the NDVI of the oasis in a unit of 1/year; a. theGCCThe bearing capacity of underground water to the oasis area is unit km2；VGCCThe bearing capacity of groundwater on NDVI in oasis;
② estimating latent water evaporation E by Avermentonuo formulaGOn the basis, the evaporation capacity E of oasis is estimated by an empirical formulaT：
EG＝a(1-H/Hmax)bEP；
ET＝(1+kEV)EG；
Wherein HmaxThe buried depth is the evaporation limit of underground water, and the unit is m; a. b is an empirical coefficient related to soil texture; ePThe evaporation capacity is reflected as the evaporation value of a conventional meteorological evaporation dish and is in unit mm; k is a radical ofEIs an empirical coefficient reflecting the growth of vegetation to ETThe influence of (a);
thirdly, describing the bearing capacity of the groundwater to the oasis area by adopting a Sigmoid equation, and describing the bearing capacity of the groundwater to the oasis NDVI by adopting the Sigmoid equation:
Figure BDA0002478913490000034
Amax＝αAR；
Figure BDA0002478913490000041
wherein A ismaxMaximum area for oasis recovery, in km unit2；AmaxAccount for ARα is the ratio coefficient, VmaxMaximum NDVI for oasis recovery; h isAThe area of oasis reaches 0.5AmaxThe ground water is buried deep by unit m; h isVTo NDVI of 0.5VmaxThe ground water is buried deep by unit m; sA、sVThe inclination degree of the underground water bearing capacity curve is reflected as an empirical coefficient;
fourthly, determining model parameters by adopting basic data in the step (1), inputting the ecological water delivery quantity of the preset situation in the step (2) as a model, wherein the simulation time is 20 years, the oasis recovery reaches a stable state, and analyzing the oasis recovery effect when the oasis recovery reaches the stable state under different ecological water delivery situations, wherein the oasis recovery effect comprises the groundwater burial depth of the oasis, the area of the oasis and the NDVI of the oasis.
Further, in the step (4), specifically:
① ecological benefits WBLoss W due to evaporationCAre defined as follows:
WB＝AV；
Figure BDA0002478913490000042
the shallower the underground water burial depth of the oasis, the larger the area of the oasis and the larger the NDVI of the oasis, the greater the ecological benefit of ecological water delivery is, and the greater the corresponding evapotranspiration loss is;
② analyzing ecological benefits W under different ecological water delivery situations i by using the ecological hydrological simulation data under different ecological water delivery situations in the step (3) ④, including oasis groundwater burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVIB,iAnd evapotranspiration loss WC,i；
③ theoretical maximum W based on ecological benefitsB-maxTheoretical maximum value of evapotranspiration loss WC-maxNormalizing the ecological benefit and the evapotranspiration loss to obtain normalized ecological benefit NWB,iNormalized evapotranspiration loss NWC,i：
NWB,i＝WB,i/WB-max；
NWC,i＝WC,i/WC-max；
And fourthly, water resources in arid regions are scarce, for ecological water delivery engineering, the utilization efficiency of the water resources is required to be improved, the ecological benefit of unit water delivery is required to be improved, the ecological benefit of ecological water delivery is maximized, the evapotranspiration loss of oasis is minimized, and the objective of multi-objective optimization is as follows:
Figure BDA0002478913490000051
the ecological benefit and the evapotranspiration loss are in a nonlinear positive correlation relationship, namely the ecological benefit is increased along with the increase of the evapotranspiration loss; theoretically, the ideal situation of ecological water delivery and oasis restoration is assumed as follows:
Figure BDA0002478913490000052
under an ideal situation, the ecological benefit reaches the theoretical maximum value, and the normalized ecological benefit value is 1; the evapotranspiration loss is the theoretical minimum value, and the normalized evapotranspiration loss value is 0 at the moment; and (4) carrying out multi-objective optimization analysis by taking the ideal situation as a reference, and selecting the situation which is the closest to the ideal situation in the actual ecological water delivery situation i as an optimization result.
Further, based on the normalized ecological benefit NW under different ecological water delivery situationsB,iAnd normalized evapotranspiration loss NWC,iAnalyzing the distance D from different ecological water delivery situations to ideal situationsi：
Figure BDA0002478913490000053
DiThe situation corresponding to the minimum value is the situation that the ecological benefit, the evapotranspiration loss and the ideal situation are the closest, the ecological benefit maximization of ecological water delivery is realized in the situation, and the evapotranspiration loss is minimized; diThe oasis recovery effect of the situation corresponding to the minimum value, namely the groundwater burial depth reached by oasis recovery,The oasis area, oasis NDVI, as a recommended oasis recovery target; diAnd the ecological water delivery quantity of the situation corresponding to the minimum value is taken as the recommended ecological water delivery quantity, and a basis is provided for decision of the ecological water delivery engineering.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method for evaluating the water delivery volume of the oasis in the arid region based on the ecological hydrologic simulation and optimization overcomes the defects that the existing ecological hydrologic model is complex in structure and time-consuming in operation, and the ecological water delivery volume is evaluated by adopting the ecological hydrologic simulation without embodying the ecological restoration target and the ecological water delivery volume preference, improves the utilization efficiency of ecological water delivery volume, underground water burial depth, oasis area and vegetation index observation data, improves the water resource utilization efficiency of ecological water delivery and oasis ecological system structure and function restoration of the oasis, and improves the rationality and scientificity of water resource management, ecological restoration and protection in the arid region.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for assessing the water transport capacity of oasis in an arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the location of the oasis of the tailmatrix lake of the river basin of Shiyang province of Gansu province according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the result of an ecological water transfer situation simulation analysis of the green soil lake oasis of the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the results of the ecological water transfer situation optimization analysis of the green soil lake oasis of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments.
The method for evaluating the water output of the oasis in the arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization constructs a conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model, analyzes ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss under different ecological water outputs through situation simulation, performs multi-objective optimization by adopting an ideal situation distance analysis method, and determines the optimal recovery target of the oasis and the corresponding ecological water output, wherein FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for evaluating the water output of the oasis in the arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) collecting and organizing basic data information of the ecological water transportation in the research area over the years, wherein the basic data information comprises annual ecological water transportation total amount, annual average underground water burial depth, oasis area, oasis normalized vegetation index (NDVI) space average value and the like.
(2) And presetting an ecological water delivery situation based on ecological water delivery practice and basin water resource characteristics, and simulating and evaluating the oasis recovery effect under different ecological water delivery situations. Ecological water delivery situations i (i 1.., 24) can be preset, and the ecological water delivery quantity W of each ecological water delivery situationE,iIn order of WE,1＝5×106m3、WE,2＝10×106m3、WE,3＝15×106m3、WE,4＝20×106m3、WE,5＝25×106m3、WE,6＝30×106m3、WE,7＝35×106m3、WE,8＝40×106m3、WE,9＝45×106m3、WE,10＝50×106m3、WE,11＝55×106m3、WE,12＝60×106m3、WE,13＝65×106m3、WE,14＝70×106m3、WE,15＝75×106m3、WE,16＝80×106m3、WE,17＝85×106m3、WE,18＝90×106m3、WE,19＝95×106m3、WE,20＝100×106m3、WE,21＝105×106m3、WE,22＝110×106m3、WE,23＝115×106m3、WE,24＝120×106m3。
(3) And (3) constructing a conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model, adopting basic data to calibrate model parameters, and carrying out ecological hydrological simulation analysis aiming at a preset ecological water delivery situation. The conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model takes ecological water delivery quantity as model input and takes underground water burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVI as model output.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the core equation of the conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model is as follows:
Figure BDA0002478913490000071
Figure BDA0002478913490000072
Figure BDA0002478913490000073
wherein H is the underground water burial depth and the unit m; a is the oasis area of ecological water delivery recovery, unit km2(ii) a V reflects vegetation growth and is characterized by a space mean value of oasis NDVI; t represents the time step of the simulation and is set as 1 year; wEThe unit is 10 for the total amount of annual ecological water delivery6m3；WGThe unit mm is the natural supply quantity of the drainage basin of the underground water; eTThe evapotranspiration amount of oasis is unit mm; eGIs the evaporation capacity of the submerged water in bare land, in mm; a. theRArea of area supplied by ecological water supply for underground water, unit km2Theta is an empirical coefficient related to groundwater recharge βACharacterize the oasis area rate of change, unit 1/year βVRepresenting the change rate of the NDVI of the oasis in a unit of 1/year; a. theGCCThe bearing capacity of underground water to the oasis area is unit km2；VGCCThe bearing capacity of underground water on NDVI in oasis.
② estimating latent water evaporation E by Avermentonuo formulaGOn the basis, the evaporation capacity E of oasis is estimated by an empirical formulaT：
EG＝a(1-H/Hmax)bEP；
ET＝(1+kEV)EG；
Wherein HmaxThe buried depth is the evaporation limit of underground water, and the unit is m; a. b is an empirical coefficient related to soil texture;EPthe evaporation capacity is reflected as the evaporation value of a conventional meteorological evaporation dish and is in unit mm; k is a radical ofEIs an empirical coefficient reflecting the growth of vegetation to ETThe influence of (c).
Thirdly, describing the bearing capacity of the groundwater to the oasis area by adopting a Sigmoid equation, and describing the bearing capacity of the groundwater to the oasis NDVI by adopting the Sigmoid equation:
Figure BDA0002478913490000074
Amax＝αAR；
Figure BDA0002478913490000081
wherein A ismaxMaximum area recoverable for oasis, in km unit2；AmaxAccount for ARα is the ratio coefficient, VmaxIs the maximum NDVI recoverable for oasis; h isAThe area of oasis reaches 0.5AmaxThe ground water is buried deep by unit m; h isVTo NDVI of 0.5VmaxThe ground water is buried deep by unit m; sA、sVThe inclination degree of the underground water bearing capacity curve is reflected as an empirical coefficient.
Fourthly, determining model parameters by adopting basic data in the step (1), inputting the ecological water delivery quantity of the preset situation in the step (2) as a model, wherein the simulation time is 20 years, the oasis recovery reaches a stable state, and analyzing the oasis recovery effect when the oasis recovery reaches the stable state under different ecological water delivery situations, wherein the oasis recovery effect comprises the groundwater burial depth of the oasis, the area of the oasis and the NDVI of the oasis.
(4) Analyzing ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss under different ecological water delivery situations based on ecological hydrological simulation data under different ecological water delivery situations in the step (3), wherein the ecological hydrological simulation data comprise oasis underground water burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVI; and aiming at ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss, carrying out multi-objective optimization analysis by adopting an ideal situation distance analysis method so as to evaluate the ecological water delivery quantity. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
① ecological benefits WBLoss W due to evaporationCAre defined as follows:
WB＝AV；
Figure BDA0002478913490000082
the shallower the underground water burial depth of the oasis, the larger the area of the oasis and the larger the NDVI of the oasis, the greater the ecological benefit of ecological water delivery and the greater the corresponding evapotranspiration loss.
②, analyzing ecological benefits W under different ecological water delivery situations i (i 1.., 24) by adopting the ecological hydrological simulation data under different ecological water delivery situations in the step (3) ④, including oasis groundwater burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVIB,iAnd evapotranspiration loss WC,i。
③ theoretical maximum W based on ecological benefitsB-maxTheoretical maximum value of evapotranspiration loss WC-maxNormalizing the ecological benefit and the evapotranspiration loss to obtain normalized ecological benefit NWB,iNormalized evapotranspiration loss NWC,i：
NWB,i＝WB,i/WB-max；
NWC,i＝WC,i/WC-max；
And fourthly, water resources in arid regions are scarce, for ecological water delivery engineering, the utilization efficiency of the water resources is required to be improved, the ecological benefit of unit water delivery is required to be improved, the ecological benefit of ecological water delivery is maximized, the evapotranspiration loss of oasis is minimized, and the objective of multi-objective optimization is as follows:
Figure BDA0002478913490000091
the ecological benefit and the evapotranspiration loss form a nonlinear positive correlation, namely the ecological benefit is increased along with the increase of the evapotranspiration loss. Theoretically, the ideal situation for restoring the oasis by ecological water delivery can be assumed as follows:
Figure BDA0002478913490000092
under an ideal situation, the ecological benefit reaches the maximum value, and the normalized ecological benefit value is 1; and the evapotranspiration loss is the minimum value, and the normalized evapotranspiration loss value is 0 at the moment. And (3) carrying out multi-objective optimization analysis by taking the ideal situation as a reference, and selecting the situation which is closest to the ideal situation in the actual ecological water delivery situations i (i is 1.., 24) as an optimization result.
⑥ normalized ecological benefit NW based on different ecological water delivery situationsB,iAnd normalized evapotranspiration loss NWC,iAnalyzing the distance D from different ecological water delivery situations to ideal situationsi：
Figure BDA0002478913490000093
DiThe situation corresponding to the minimum value is the situation that the ecological benefit, the evaporation loss and the ideal situation are the closest, the ecological benefit maximization of ecological water delivery can be realized under the situation, and the evaporation loss is minimized. DiThe oasis recovery effect of the situation corresponding to the minimum value, namely the groundwater burial depth, the oasis area and the oasis NDVI reached by the oasis recovery, can be used as a recommended oasis recovery target; diThe ecological water delivery quantity of the situation corresponding to the minimum value can be used as the recommended ecological water delivery quantity, and provides a basis for decision of the ecological water delivery engineering.
Examples
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for evaluating the water delivery amount of oasis in arid regions based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the location of the oasis of the tail green lake of the river basin of sheep, Gansu province of the present invention. The Qing-Tu lake oasis located in the tail of the river basin of Shiyang river corridor in northwest Hexi of China, the Qing-Tu lake, the stone sheep tail lake, was dry in 1959. According to the key management plan of the river basin of the sheep, ecological water is injected into the Qing-Tu lake every year in a channel water delivery mode from 9 months 2010.
The first step is as follows: and collecting and arranging basic data information of the green soil lake oasis 2010-2019 years, wherein the basic data information comprises the annual ecological water delivery total amount, the annual average underground water burial depth, the oasis area, the oasis NDVI space average value and the like.
The second step is that: and presetting an ecological water delivery situation for simulating and evaluating the recovery effect of the green soil lake oasis under different ecological water delivery situations. The ecological water delivery volume of each ecological water delivery situation i (i 1.., 24) is W in turnE,1＝5×106m3、WE,2＝10×106m3、WE,3＝15×106m3、WE,4＝20×106m3、WE,5＝25×106m3、WE,6＝30×106m3、WE,7＝35×106m3、WE,8＝40×106m3、WE,9＝45×106m3、WE,10＝50×106m3、WE,11＝55×106m3、WE,12＝60×106m3、WE,13＝65×106m3、WE,14＝70×106m3、WE,15＝75×106m3、WE,16＝80×106m3、WE,17＝85×106m3、WE,18＝90×106m3、WE,19＝95×106m3、WE,20＝100×106m3、WE,21＝105×106m3、WE,22＝110×106m3、WE,23＝115×106m3、WE,24＝120×106m3。
The third step: and (3) constructing a conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model, simulating an ecological hydrological response process of the ecological water delivery of the oasis of the green soil lake, and evaluating the oasis recovery effect. And (3) setting model parameters by adopting basic data of the green soil lake oasis, and carrying out ecological hydrological simulation analysis aiming at a preset ecological water delivery situation. The conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model of the green soil lake oasis takes ecological water transportation quantity as model input, and takes underground water burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVI as model output. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the core equation of the conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model of the green soil lake oasis is as follows:
Figure BDA0002478913490000101
Figure BDA0002478913490000102
Figure BDA0002478913490000103
② estimating latent water evaporation E by Avermentonuo formulaGOn the basis, the evaporation capacity E of the oasis of the green soil lake is estimated by adopting an empirical formulaT：
EG＝0.76×(1-H/5)1.53×2600；
ET＝(1+0.32×V)EG；
Thirdly, describing the bearing capacity of the groundwater to the oasis area by adopting a Sigmoid equation, and describing the bearing capacity of the groundwater to the oasis NDVI by adopting the Sigmoid equation:
Figure BDA0002478913490000111
Amax＝0.40×74.94；
Figure BDA0002478913490000112
④ based on the concept integrated ecological hydrological model of the green soil lake oasis constructed by the third step ①, the third step ② and the third step ③, the initial year is 2010, and the ecological water delivery amount W of the ecological water delivery situation preset in the step (2) isE,i(i-1., 24) is used as model input, the simulation duration is 20 years, the oasis recovery reaches a stable state, and the oasis recovery effect including oasis groundwater burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVI when the oasis recovery reaches the stable state under different ecological water delivery situations is analyzed. FIG. 3 is a diagram of the result of ecological water transfer situation simulation analysis of the green soil lake oasis of the embodiment of the invention. FIG. 3(a) is thisThe groundwater burial depth achievement diagram of the green soil lake oasis ecological water conveyance situation simulation analysis of the embodiment of the invention, fig. 3(b) is an oasis area achievement diagram of the green soil lake oasis ecological water conveyance situation simulation analysis of the embodiment of the invention, and fig. 3(c) is an oasis NDVI achievement diagram of the green soil lake oasis ecological water conveyance situation simulation analysis of the embodiment of the invention.
Fourthly, analyzing normalized ecological benefit and normalized evapotranspiration loss under different ecological water delivery situations based on the ecological hydrological simulation data of the green soil lake oasis under different ecological water delivery situations in the third step ④, carrying out multi-objective optimization analysis by adopting an ideal situation distance analysis method aiming at the ecological benefit and the evapotranspiration loss so as to evaluate the ecological water delivery quantity, and FIG. 4 is a situation optimization analysis result diagram of the ecological water delivery of the green soil lake oasis of the embodiment of the invention, and the green soil lake oasis DiThe ecological water delivery situation corresponding to the minimum value is that i is 9, namely WE,9＝45×106m3. The green soil lake oasis recovery effect under the ecological water delivery situation is as follows: the buried depth of the underground water is recovered to 2.34m, and the area of the oasis is recovered to 29.16km2NDVI of oasis to be restored to 0.41, which is recommended as a target for ecological restoration of the green soil lake oasis, and accordingly, W is recommendedE＝45×106m3The ecological water delivery quantity is used for ecological restoration of the oasis of the green soil lake. Fig. 4(a) is a result diagram of the correlation between the normalized ecological benefit and the normalized evapotranspiration loss of the ecological water delivery situation optimization analysis of the green soil lake oasis of the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4(b) is a distance result diagram from the ideal situation of the ecological water delivery situation optimization analysis of the green soil lake oasis of the embodiment of the present invention.
The method for evaluating the water delivery amount of oasis in an arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization is applied as follows: the method can be used for simulating the oasis restoration effect under different ecological water delivery situations, evaluating the ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss of different ecological water delivery quantity restoration oasis, preferably selecting an ecological water delivery scheme, determining the ecological water delivery quantity, supporting the formulation and improvement of ecological water delivery engineering strategies, and providing technical support and scientific reference for the efficient utilization of water resources in arid regions and ecological restoration of the oasis.
It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical idea of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The method for evaluating the water delivery amount of oasis in an arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps of: constructing a conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model, analyzing ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss under different ecological water delivery quantities through situation simulation, performing multi-objective optimization by adopting an ideal situation distance analysis method, and determining an optimal oasis recovery target and an ecological water delivery quantity corresponding to the optimal oasis recovery target, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
(1) collecting and organizing basic data information of the ecological water delivery in the research area over the years, wherein the basic data information comprises the total annual ecological water delivery amount, the annual average groundwater burial depth, the oasis area and the oasis NDVI space average value;
(2) presetting an ecological water delivery situation based on ecological water delivery practices and watershed water resource characteristics, and simulating and evaluating the oasis recovery effect under different ecological water delivery situations;
(3) constructing a conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model, calibrating model parameters by adopting basic data, and developing ecological hydrological simulation analysis aiming at a preset ecological water delivery situation; the conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model takes ecological water delivery quantity as model input and takes underground water burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVI as model output;
(4) analyzing ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss under different ecological water delivery situations based on ecological hydrological simulation data under different ecological water delivery situations in the step (3), wherein the ecological hydrological simulation data comprise oasis underground water burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVI; and aiming at ecological benefits and evapotranspiration loss, carrying out multi-objective optimization analysis by adopting an ideal situation distance analysis method so as to evaluate the ecological water delivery quantity.
2. The method for estimating the water delivery volume of oasis in an arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), an ecological water delivery situation i is preset, wherein i is 1E,iIn order of WE,1＝5×106m3、WE,2＝10×106m3、WE,3＝15×106m3、WE,4＝20×106m3、WE,5＝25×106m3、WE,6＝30×106m3、WE,7＝35×106m3、WE,8＝40×106m3、WE,9＝45×106m3、WE,10＝50×106m3、WE,11＝55×106m3、WE,12＝60×106m3、WE,13＝65×106m3、WE,14＝70×106m3、WE,15＝75×106m3、WE,16＝80×106m3、WE,17＝85×106m3、WE,18＝90×106m3、WE,19＝95×106m3、WE,20＝100×106m3、WE,21＝105×106m3、WE,22＝110×106m3、WE,23＝115×106m3、WE,24＝120×106m3。
3. The method for estimating the water transport volume of oasis in an arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization according to claim 2, wherein: in the step (3), the conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model takes the ecological water transportation quantity as the model input, and takes the underground water burial depth, the oasis area and the oasis NDVI as the model output; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the core equation of the conceptual lumped ecological hydrological model is as follows:
Figure FDA0002478913480000021
Figure FDA0002478913480000022
Figure FDA0002478913480000023
wherein H is the underground water burial depth and the unit m; a is the oasis area of ecological water delivery recovery, unit km2(ii) a V reflects vegetation growth and is characterized by a space mean value of oasis NDVI; t represents the time step of the simulation and is set as 1 year; wEThe unit is 10 for the total amount of annual ecological water delivery6m3；WGThe unit mm is the natural supply quantity of the drainage basin of the underground water; eTThe evapotranspiration amount of oasis is unit mm; eGIs the evaporation capacity of the submerged water in bare land, in mm; a. theRArea of area supplied by ecological water supply for underground water, unit km2Theta is an empirical coefficient related to groundwater recharge βACharacterize the oasis area rate of change, unit 1/year βVRepresenting the change rate of the NDVI of the oasis in a unit of 1/year; a. theGCCThe bearing capacity of underground water to the oasis area is unit km2；VGCCThe bearing capacity of groundwater on NDVI in oasis;
② estimating latent water evaporation E by Avermentonuo formulaGOn the basis, the evaporation capacity E of oasis is estimated by an empirical formulaT：
EG＝a(1-H/Hmax)bEP；
ET＝(1+kEV)EG；
Wherein HmaxThe buried depth is the evaporation limit of underground water, and the unit is m; a. b is an empirical coefficient related to soil texture; ePThe evaporation capacity is reflected as the evaporation value of a conventional meteorological evaporation dish and is in unit mm; k is a radical ofEIs an empirical coefficient reflecting the growth of vegetation to ETThe influence of (a);
thirdly, describing the bearing capacity of the groundwater to the oasis area by adopting a Sigmoid equation, and describing the bearing capacity of the groundwater to the oasis NDVI by adopting the Sigmoid equation:
Figure FDA0002478913480000031
Amax＝αAR；
Figure FDA0002478913480000032
wherein A ismaxMaximum area for oasis recovery, in km unit2；AmaxAccount for ARα is the ratio coefficient, VmaxMaximum NDVI for oasis recovery; h isAThe area of oasis reaches 0.5AmaxThe ground water is buried deep by unit m; h isVTo NDVI of 0.5VmaxThe ground water is buried deep by unit m; sA、sVThe inclination degree of the underground water bearing capacity curve is reflected as an empirical coefficient;
fourthly, determining model parameters by adopting basic data in the step (1), inputting the ecological water delivery quantity of the preset situation in the step (2) as a model, wherein the simulation time is 20 years, the oasis recovery reaches a stable state, and analyzing the oasis recovery effect when the oasis recovery reaches the stable state under different ecological water delivery situations, wherein the oasis recovery effect comprises the groundwater burial depth of the oasis, the area of the oasis and the NDVI of the oasis.
4. The method for estimating the water delivery volume of oasis in an arid region based on ecological hydrological simulation and optimization according to claim 3, wherein: in the step (4), specifically:
① ecological benefits WBLoss W due to evaporationCAre defined as follows:
WB＝AV；
Figure FDA0002478913480000033
the shallower the underground water burial depth of the oasis, the larger the area of the oasis and the larger the NDVI of the oasis, the greater the ecological benefit of ecological water delivery is, and the greater the corresponding evapotranspiration loss is;
② adopting different ecological water transportation in step (3) ④Ecological hydrological simulation data under the situation, including oasis groundwater burial depth, oasis area and oasis NDVI, and ecological benefits W under different ecological water delivery situations i are analyzedB,iAnd evapotranspiration loss WC,i；
③ theoretical maximum W based on ecological benefitsB-maxTheoretical maximum value of evapotranspiration loss WC-maxNormalizing the ecological benefit and the evapotranspiration loss to obtain normalized ecological benefit NWB,iNormalized evapotranspiration loss NWC,i：
NWB,i＝WB,i/WB-max；
NWC,i＝WC,i/WC-max；
And fourthly, water resources in arid regions are scarce, for ecological water delivery engineering, the utilization efficiency of the water resources is required to be improved, the ecological benefit of unit water delivery is required to be improved, the ecological benefit of ecological water delivery is maximized, the evapotranspiration loss of oasis is minimized, and the objective of multi-objective optimization is as follows:
Figure FDA0002478913480000041
the ecological benefit and the evapotranspiration loss are in a nonlinear positive correlation relationship, namely the ecological benefit is increased along with the increase of the evapotranspiration loss; theoretically, the ideal situation of ecological water delivery and oasis restoration is assumed as follows:
Figure FDA0002478913480000042
under an ideal situation, the ecological benefit reaches the theoretical maximum value, and the normalized ecological benefit value is 1; the evapotranspiration loss is the theoretical minimum value, and the normalized evapotranspiration loss value is 0 at the moment; and (4) carrying out multi-objective optimization analysis by taking the ideal situation as a reference, and selecting the situation which is the closest to the ideal situation in the actual ecological water delivery situation i as an optimization result.
5. The method for estimating oasis water delivery volume in arid regions based on ecological hydrologic modeling and optimization according to claim 4,the method is characterized in that: normalized ecological benefit NW based on different ecological water delivery situationsB,iAnd normalized evapotranspiration loss NWC,iAnalyzing the distance D from different ecological water delivery situations to ideal situationsi：
Figure FDA0002478913480000043
DiThe situation corresponding to the minimum value is the situation that the ecological benefit, the evapotranspiration loss and the ideal situation are the closest, the ecological benefit maximization of ecological water delivery is realized in the situation, and the evapotranspiration loss is minimized; diThe oasis recovery effect of the situation corresponding to the minimum value, namely the groundwater burial depth, the oasis area and the oasis NDVI reached by the oasis recovery, is taken as a recommended oasis recovery target; diAnd the ecological water delivery quantity of the situation corresponding to the minimum value is taken as the recommended ecological water delivery quantity, and a basis is provided for decision of the ecological water delivery engineering.
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