CN111595545A - Multifunctional impact experiment method capable of continuously applying axial force - Google Patents
Multifunctional impact experiment method capable of continuously applying axial force Download PDFInfo
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- CN111595545A CN111595545A CN202010500678.1A CN202010500678A CN111595545A CN 111595545 A CN111595545 A CN 111595545A CN 202010500678 A CN202010500678 A CN 202010500678A CN 111595545 A CN111595545 A CN 111595545A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0035—Spring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional impact experiment platform capable of continuously applying axial force and an experiment method. The device comprises a rigid support, a fixed end, a sliding assembly, a loading assembly, a hydraulic assembly and a data acquisition assembly, and has the key technical points that an annular spring is assembled between the sliding end and a jack of the hydraulic assembly, the pre-stress of a test piece is realized by compressing the spring, in an impact experiment, the spring is gradually extended, the axial force is reduced, and the axial force fading process of an axial pressure member under the action of impact or explosion load is truly simulated; moreover, four internal thread bolt holes are preset at the bottom of the sliding end, and the failure process of the flexural member under the impact load can be simulated after the sliding end is fixed with the rigid support; the invention has simple and compact integral structure and simple and convenient experimental operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a platform for experiments, in particular to a multifunctional impact experiment device capable of continuously applying axial force.
Background
Compression members (such as columns, walls, etc.) are important components of building structures, and the impact resistance thereof is an important index for evaluating the collapse resistance of the structures.
Experiments on such members are usually carried out by means of a hydraulic experiment machine or a simple jack, however, once the compression member generates axial displacement due to lateral impact, the loading instrument is separated from the test piece, the axial force disappears, which is not consistent with the condition that the axial force is gradually weakened in the structural collapse process, and reliable support cannot be provided for accurately understanding the impact resistance behavior of the compression member based on the data of the experiments.
In addition, the traditional experiment machine can only carry out impact experiments for a component with one fixed end and the other free end aiming at boundary conditions, and the working condition is single. With the deepening of the subjects in the research, development of test equipment capable of accurately simulating the internal force change rule and the boundary conditions is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a multifunctional impact experiment platform capable of continuously applying axial force, which has a simple and compact structure, and in the impact experiment process, the axial force of a test piece gradually becomes smaller, so that the multifunctional impact experiment platform conforms to the actual 'axial force fading' process of engineering and has smaller 'system error'.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the multifunctional impact experiment platform capable of continuously applying axial force is characterized by comprising seven parts, namely a rigid support, a fixed end, a sliding assembly, a loading assembly, a hydraulic assembly and a data acquisition assembly, wherein the sliding end, the sliding assembly and the loading assembly are sequentially arranged on the rigid support;
the rigid support comprises a large base and a small base which are respectively provided with a screw hole and a groove in advance;
the fixed end comprises a fixed end upper assembly provided with a groove, a fixed end lower assembly and a first clamp, the fixed end lower assembly is fixed on the rigid support through a bolt, and the shape and the size of the first clamp are matched with the fixed end upper assembly and the fixed end lower assembly groove;
the sliding end comprises a sliding end upper assembly provided with a groove, a sliding end lower assembly and a clamp II, and the sliding end is ensured to freely slide along the horizontal direction of the upper surface of the rigid support by being nested with the sliding assembly;
the first clamp and the second clamp can be adjusted according to the shape and the size of the test piece so as to adapt to different test objects;
the sliding assembly comprises two sliding grooves and a steel bar, the middle parts of the sliding grooves are hollowed out, and the sliding grooves are fixed on the rigid support through bolts;
the steel bar penetrates through the sliding end lower component and the two sliding grooves, and the diameter of the steel bar is consistent with the size of the short side of the sliding groove open groove and the size of the opening of the sliding end lower component;
the loading assembly comprises two channel steels, a spring, H-shaped steel and a protective cover plate, wherein the H-shaped steel is connected with a sliding end through a bolt, the channel steels are arranged at two ends of the spring, the protective cover plate is connected with the rigid support through a bolt, the two channel steels and the spring are integrally covered, and the H-shaped steel is partially covered;
the side length of the inner side of the channel steel is equal to the outer diameter of the spring;
the side length of the inner side of the H-shaped steel is equal to that of the outer side of the channel steel;
the H-shaped steel is connected with the sliding end through a bolt;
the data acquisition assembly comprises a load sensor, a displacement meter, a computer terminal and a high-speed camera, the load sensor is positioned between the channel steel and the H-shaped steel, the displacement meter is fixed on the protective cover plate, the end part of the displacement meter is in contact with the bulge of the H-shaped steel, and the high-speed camera and the computer terminal are uniformly distributed in front of the rigid support;
the hydraulic assembly comprises a jack, an oil pump, a screw rod, an oil pipe and a counter-force bottom plate;
one end of the screw rod is connected with the rigid support, the other end of the screw rod is connected with the counter-force bottom plate, and the jack is arranged in the inner space
And an oil supply pump of the hydraulic station is controlled and regulated by the computer terminal.
Preferably, the displacement meter, the load sensor and the high-speed camera are connected with the computer communication terminal through data lines;
the direct technical effect that this preferred scheme brought is that annular spring anterior contact H shaped steel (with the slip end is connected), and in the impact process, the test piece lateral deformation arouses the spring axial elongation, and the test piece keeps the axial force of fade in whole response process, accords with engineering reality.
Preferably, four internal thread bolt holes are reserved in the sliding end lower component, and the size of each hole is consistent with the width of the reserved groove of the rigid support.
The direct technical effect brought by the optimized technical scheme is that the sliding end and the rigid support are connected through the bolt, so that a lateral impact (corresponding to the fixed boundary conditions at two ends) experiment of a flexural member (such as a steel beam and a concrete beam) can be developed; a bolt of a component at the lower part of the sliding end is removed, and an experiment of coupling the axial pressure and the impact in real time (corresponding to boundary conditions of sliding at one end and fixing at the other end) can be carried out; therefore, the base is ensured to adapt to different experimental working conditions.
Further preferably, one end of the fixed end jig and both ends of the sliding end jig are partially protruded.
The technical effect that this preferred technical scheme directly brought is, can avoid current experiment machine to lead to the emergence of test piece pulled out the phenomenon because of powerful impact.
Preferably, the middle part of the sliding groove is hollowed, and the steel bar sequentially penetrates through the sliding groove and the sliding end lower component;
the technical effect that this preferred technical scheme directly brought is, guarantees that the slip end freely slides along the axial of test piece, and other direction displacements are zero, follows engineering actual boundary condition and mechanics analysis model strictly, reduces "systematic error".
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the experimental method of the multifunctional impact experimental platform capable of continuously applying the axial force, which has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, full automation of core links/key steps in the experimental process, less human intervention, small experimental result error and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for achieving the purpose is that the experimental method of the multifunctional impact experimental platform capable of continuously applying the axial force is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, manually operating, arranging a test piece between a large base and a small base of the rigid support, embedding two ends of the test piece into grooves of a fixed end clamp and a sliding end clamp, and fixing an upper assembly and a lower assembly of the fixed end and the sliding end through bolts;
secondly, manually adjusting the high-speed camera to ensure that the view field of the high-speed camera can cover the maximum deformation area from the initial state of the test piece to the possible occurrence;
thirdly, manually operating, connecting a load sensor, starting a computer terminal, starting a hydraulic station, driving a piston rod of the jack to extend until a load value displayed by the computer terminal reaches a preset value, and closing an oil pump;
fourthly, manually adjusting the displacement meter to enable the displacement meter to be in contact with the H-shaped steel sheet;
fifthly, starting the experimental equipment, applying impact load, recording the axial force and displacement change rule of the test piece in the power process by the data acquisition system, and displaying the axial force and displacement change rule on a computer terminal;
and sixthly, manually controlling the computer terminal to record and store the image and the data file in real time.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the experimental result is accurate, and the reliability is high; the axial force change of the test piece accords with the axial force fading trend in the structure collapse process, and the error of an experimental system is small.
2. The experimental working condition is easy to convert, the experimental working condition of boundary conditions of one end fixation, one end freedom and two end fixation can be quickly realized by flexibly adjusting the bolt connection between the sliding end and the rigid support, and the failure mechanism of the impact load borne by the pressed and bent component is truly reflected.
3. The experimental device has simple and compact structure and simple and convenient operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic isometric view of the southwest of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an assembly view of the rigid support, fixed end, sliding end and sliding assembly of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an assembly view of the loading assembly, hydraulic assembly and data acquisition assembly of the apparatus of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1. a rigid support; 2. a fixed end; 3. a test piece; 4. a sliding end; 5. loading the component; 6. a hydraulic assembly; 7. a sliding assembly; 8. a data acquisition component; 9. a rigid chassis; 10. a bolt; 11. a fixed end lower assembly; 12. a first clamp; 13. a stationary end upper assembly; 14. a sliding end lower assembly; 15. a second clamp; 16. a sliding end upper assembly; 17. a steel bar; 18. a sliding groove; 19. a groove; 20. h-shaped steel; 21. a load sensor; 22. channel steel; 23. a spring; 24. a protective cover plate; 25. a counter-force bottom plate; 26. a jack; 27. a screw; 28. an oil pipe; 29. oil surface; 30. an oil pump; 31. a displacement meter; 32. a high-speed camera; 33. and (4) a computer terminal.
Detailed Description
The invention can provide boundary conditions of two fixed ends, one fixed end and one sliding end, and is matched with impact equipment to carry out experiments, and the two working conditions are explained respectively by combining the attached drawings.
One end is fixed, and one end slides the operating mode: as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the multifunctional impact experiment platform capable of continuously applying axial force is characterized by comprising seven parts, namely a rigid support 1, a fixed end 2, a sliding end 4, a loading assembly 5, a hydraulic assembly 6, a sliding assembly 7 and a data acquisition assembly 8, wherein the sliding end 4, the sliding assembly 7 and the loading assembly 5 are all arranged on a large base of the rigid support 1 and are sequentially arranged from left to right;
the rigid support 1 comprises a large base and a small base which are respectively provided with a screw hole and a groove 19;
the fixed end 2 comprises a fixed end lower component 11, a fixed end upper component 13 and a first clamp 12, the fixed end lower component 11 is fixed on the rigid support 1 through a high-strength bolt 10, and the first clamp 12 is matched with the groove of the fixed end 2;
the sliding end 4 includes a sliding end lower assembly 14, a sliding end upper assembly 16, and a clamp two 15.
The sliding end lower assembly 14 can freely slide on the rigid support 1 axially;
the sliding assembly 7 comprises a sliding groove 18 and a steel bar 17, the middle part of the sliding groove 18 is hollowed out, and the sliding groove is fixed on the rigid support 1 through a bolt 10;
the steel bar 17 passes through the sliding end lower assembly 14 and the sliding groove 18, and the diameter of the steel bar is consistent with the size of the short side of the groove of the sliding groove 18 and the size of the hole formed in the sliding end lower assembly 14;
the sliding end 4 is nested with the sliding component 7;
the loading assembly 5 comprises channel steel 22, a spring 23, H-shaped steel 20 and a protective cover plate 24, the H-shaped steel 20 is connected with the sliding end 4 through a bolt 10, the two ends of the spring 23 are respectively provided with the channel steel 22, the protective cover plate 24 covers the channel steel 22 and the spring 23 completely and covers part of the H-shaped steel 20, and the protective cover plate 24 is rigidly connected with the rigid support 1 through the bolt 10;
the length of the side of the inner side of the channel steel 22 is equal to the outer diameter of the spring 23;
the length of the side of the inner side of the H-shaped steel 20 is equal to the length of the side of the outer side of the channel steel 22;
the H-shaped steel 20 is connected with the sliding end 4 through a bolt 10;
the data acquisition assembly 8 comprises a load sensor 21, a displacement meter 31, a computer terminal 33, a high-speed camera 32 and a data line, the load sensor 21 is positioned between the channel steel 22 and the H-shaped steel 20, the displacement meter 31 is fixed on the protective cover plate 24, the end part of the displacement meter is in convex contact with the H-shaped steel 20, and the high-speed camera 32 and the computer terminal 33 are uniformly distributed in front of the rigid support 1;
the displacement meter 31, the load sensor 21 and the high-speed camera 32 are all connected with a computer terminal 33 through data lines;
the hydraulic assembly 6 comprises a jack 26, an oil pump 30, a screw 27, an oil pipe 28 and a reaction bottom plate 25;
the two ends of the screw 27 are respectively connected and fixed on the rigid support 1 and the reaction bottom plate 25;
the above-mentioned jack 26 is arranged between the rigid support 1 and the reaction bottom plate 25;
the bottom of the sliding end lower component 14 is preset with an internal thread bolt hole, and the size of the hole is consistent with the width of the groove 19;
the end parts of the first fixed end clamp 12 and the second sliding end clamp 15 are partially protruded;
the middle part of the sliding groove 18 is hollowed, and the steel bar 17 sequentially passes through the sliding groove 18 and the sliding end lower component 14;
the experimental method of the multifunctional impact experimental platform capable of continuously applying the axial force is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, manually operating, arranging a test piece between a large base and a small base of the rigid support, embedding two ends of the test piece into grooves of a fixed end clamp and a sliding end clamp, and fixing an upper assembly and a lower assembly of the fixed end and the sliding end through bolts;
secondly, manually adjusting the high-speed camera to ensure that the view field of the high-speed camera can cover the maximum deformation area from the initial state of the test piece to the possible occurrence;
thirdly, manually operating, connecting a load sensor, starting a computer terminal, starting a hydraulic station, driving a piston rod of the jack to extend until a load value displayed by the computer terminal reaches a preset value, and closing an oil pump;
fourthly, manually adjusting the displacement meter to enable the displacement meter to be in contact with the H-shaped steel sheet;
fifthly, starting the experimental equipment, applying impact load, recording the axial force and displacement change rule of the test piece in the power process by the data acquisition system, and displaying the axial force and displacement change rule on a computer terminal;
and sixthly, manually controlling the computer terminal to record and store the image and the data file in real time.
The two ends are fixed: under the working condition, no axial force is required to be applied, so that only three parts, namely the rigid support 1, the fixed end 2 and the sliding end 4, are required to be used.
As shown in FIG. 2, a multi-functional impact experiment platform with two fixed ends, the platform includes rigid support 1, stiff end 2, slip end 4, stiff end 2 and slip end 4 pass through bolt 10 and rigid support 1 and connect, and stiff end 2 and slip end 4 link to each other through test piece 3, rigid support 1 is fixed on rigid base plate 9 through the earth anchor.
The fixed end 2 comprises the following components in sequence from top to bottom: a fixed end upper assembly 13, a first clamp 12 and a fixed end lower assembly 11.
The sliding end 4 comprises the following components from top to bottom: a sliding end upper assembly 16, a second clamp 15 and a sliding end lower assembly 14.
The multifunctional impact experiment platform with two fixed ends comprises the following steps:
step one, manually operating, arranging a test piece between a large base and a small base of the rigid support, embedding two ends of the test piece into grooves of a fixed end clamp and a sliding end clamp, and fixing an upper assembly and a lower assembly of the fixed end and the sliding end through bolts;
secondly, manually adjusting the high-speed camera to ensure that the view field of the high-speed camera can cover the maximum deformation area from the initial state of the test piece to the possible occurrence;
thirdly, starting the experimental equipment, applying impact load, recording the change rule of the transverse displacement of the test piece in the power process by the data acquisition system and displaying the change rule on a computer terminal;
and fourthly, manually controlling the computer terminal to record and store the image and the data file in real time.
Claims (5)
1. A multifunctional impact experiment method capable of continuously applying axial force is characterized in that a multifunctional impact experiment platform is adopted, the experiment platform comprises a rigid support, a fixed end, a sliding assembly, a loading assembly, a hydraulic assembly and a data acquisition assembly, wherein the sliding end, the sliding assembly and the loading assembly are sequentially arranged on the upper portion of the rigid support;
the rigid support comprises a large base and a small base which are respectively provided with a screw hole and a groove in advance;
the fixed end comprises a fixed end upper assembly provided with a groove, a fixed end lower assembly and a first clamp, the fixed end lower assembly is fixed on the rigid support through a bolt, and the shape and the size of the first clamp are matched with the fixed end upper assembly and the fixed end lower assembly groove; the sliding end comprises a sliding end upper assembly provided with a groove, a sliding end lower assembly and a clamp II, and the sliding end upper assembly, the sliding end lower assembly and the clamp II are nested with the sliding assembly;
the sliding assembly comprises two sliding grooves and a steel bar, the middle parts of the sliding grooves are hollowed out, and the sliding grooves are fixed on the rigid support through bolts;
the steel bar penetrates through the sliding end lower component and the two sliding grooves, and the diameter of the steel bar is consistent with the size of the short side of the sliding groove open groove and the size of the opening of the sliding end lower component;
the loading assembly comprises two channel steels, a spring, an H-shaped steel and a protective cover plate, the H-shaped steel is connected with the sliding end through a high-strength bolt, the channel steels are arranged at two ends of the spring, the protective cover plate is connected with the rigid support through a bolt, the two channel steels and the spring are integrally covered, and the H-shaped steel is partially covered;
the side length of the inner side of the channel steel is equal to the outer diameter of the spring;
the side length of the inner side of the H-shaped steel is equal to that of the outer side of the channel steel;
the H-shaped steel is connected with the sliding end through a bolt;
the data acquisition assembly comprises a load sensor, a displacement meter, a computer terminal and a high-speed camera, the load sensor is positioned between the channel steel and the H-shaped steel, the displacement meter is fixed on the protective cover plate, the end part of the displacement meter is in contact with the bulge of the H-shaped steel, and the high-speed camera and the computer terminal are uniformly distributed in front of the rigid support;
the hydraulic assembly comprises a jack, an oil pump, a screw rod, an oil pipe and a counter-force bottom plate;
one end of the screw is connected with the rigid support, the other end of the screw is connected with the counterforce bottom plate, and the jack is arranged in the inner space;
the experimental method comprises the following steps:
step one, manually operating, arranging a test piece between a large base and a small base of the rigid support, embedding two ends of the test piece into grooves of a fixed end clamp II and a sliding end clamp II, and fixing an upper assembly and a lower assembly of the fixed end and the sliding end through bolts;
secondly, manually adjusting the high-speed camera to ensure that the view field of the high-speed camera can cover the maximum deformation area from the initial state of the test piece to the possible occurrence;
thirdly, manually operating, connecting a load sensor, starting a computer terminal, starting a hydraulic station, driving a piston rod of the jack to extend until a load value displayed by the computer terminal reaches a preset value, and closing an oil pump;
fourthly, manually adjusting the displacement meter to enable the displacement meter to be in contact with the H-shaped steel sheet;
fifthly, starting the experimental equipment, applying impact load, recording the axial force and displacement change rule of the test piece in the power process by the data acquisition system, and displaying the axial force and displacement change rule on a computer terminal;
and sixthly, manually controlling the computer terminal to record and store the image and the data file in real time.
2. The multifunctional impact test method capable of continuously applying the axial force as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rigid support is fixed to the rigid bottom plate through an earth anchor.
3. The multifunctional impact test method capable of continuously applying the axial force as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the H-shaped steel is positioned between the spring and the sliding end and is connected with the sliding end through a bolt.
4. The multifunctional impact test method capable of continuously applying the axial force as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the protective cover plate covers the channel steel, the spring and the load sensor completely and covers the H-shaped steel part.
5. The multifunctional impact test method capable of continuously applying the axial force as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the displacement meter, the load sensor and the high-speed camera are all connected with a computer communication terminal through data lines.
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN106644349B (en) | 2020-06-30 |
| CN111595545B (en) | 2021-10-15 |
| CN106644349A (en) | 2017-05-10 |
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