CN109781503B - Test piece boundary constraint applying device in lateral impact resistance experiment - Google Patents
Test piece boundary constraint applying device in lateral impact resistance experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109781503B CN109781503B CN201910038375.XA CN201910038375A CN109781503B CN 109781503 B CN109781503 B CN 109781503B CN 201910038375 A CN201910038375 A CN 201910038375A CN 109781503 B CN109781503 B CN 109781503B
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 25
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test piece boundary constraint applying device in a lateral impact resistance experiment. The invention comprises a support restraint system for mounting a rod-shaped test piece and an axial loading system for applying an axial load to the test piece; the support restraint system comprises a first installation unit and a second installation unit, wherein a first round through hole is formed in the first installation unit, and a first rigid connection end welded with one end of the test piece or a first hinged end hinged with one end of the test piece is installed in the first round through hole; the second mounting unit is provided with a second round through hole, and a second rigid connection end welded with the other end of the test piece or a second hinged end hinged with the other end of the test piece is mounted in the second round through hole; an axial tension or compression force is applied and maintained to the test piece by the axial loading system. In the lateral impact resistance test, the invention can apply end constraint to the rigid-joint, in-plane hinge or out-of-plane hinge axial stress test piece, and has more comprehensive functions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lateral impact resistance experiments of structures, and particularly relates to a test piece boundary constraint applying device in a lateral impact resistance experiment.
Background
The rod system structure is widely applied to civil engineering, construction, machinery, ships, water conservancy projects and the like. In the rod system structure, the test pieces can be connected through rigid connection and hinge connection, and the stress of the test pieces is mainly axial pulling and pressing. The rod system structure may be subjected to impact load such as explosion, collision of vehicles and vessels, falling of heavy objects and the like in the service period. At this time, the test piece is subjected to the side impact load while bearing the axial load, and how the lateral impact resistance of the test piece directly influences the local or even the whole performance of the rod system structure. Therefore, the experimental study on the lateral impact resistance of the axial stress test piece has important significance for studying the robustness, redundancy and vulnerability of the rod system structure under impact load and the impact resistance design of the test piece and the rod system structure.
In the lateral impact resistance experiment of an axial stress test piece, the application of real boundary constraint on the test piece is a key for accurately obtaining an impact experiment result. At present, the reported lateral impact resistance test of the axial stress rod piece mainly aims at the rigid-connection axial stress rod piece, and the boundary constraint applying device can only realize rigid connection, so that the function is single.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a test piece boundary constraint applying device in a lateral impact resistance experiment.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a test piece boundary constraint applying device in a lateral impact resistance experiment comprises a support constraint system for mounting a rod-shaped test piece and an axial loading system for applying an axial load to the test piece; the support restraint system comprises a first installation unit and a second installation unit, wherein a first circular through hole is formed in the first installation unit, a first rigid connection end welded with one end of the test piece is installed in the first circular through hole, or a first hinge connection end hinged with one end of the test piece is installed in the first circular through hole; the second mounting unit is provided with a second round through hole, and a second rigid connection end welded with the other end of the test piece or a second hinged end hinged with the other end of the test piece is arranged in the second round through hole.
The technical scheme is as follows: the support restraint system comprises a pair of guide rails, a first support and a second support, wherein the first support is fixed on the guide rails, and the second support is slidably arranged on the guide rails; the first mounting unit is formed by the first support and the first chuck, and the first circular through hole is formed in the joint of the first chuck and the first support; the second clamping head is arranged on the second support, the second support and the second clamping head form the second installation unit, and the second circular through hole is formed in the joint of the second clamping head and the second support.
The technical scheme is as follows: the first rigid connection end and the first hinged end are columnar and are coaxially arranged with the test piece; the inner wall of the first round through hole is provided with grooves and rolling shafts which are uniformly arranged along the axial direction, the grooves and the rolling shafts are arranged at intervals, and the outer side surface of the first hinged end head is provided with a protrusion matched with the groove in the first round through hole;
the second rigid connection end and the second hinge end are columnar and are coaxially arranged with the test piece, one ends of the second rigid connection end and the second hinge end, which are away from the test piece, are respectively welded with a limiting bottom plate positioned outside the second round through hole, and the size of the limiting bottom plate is larger than the diameters of the second rigid connection end and the second hinge end; the second round through hole is internally provided with a groove which is axially arranged, and the outer side of the second hinge end head is provided with a bulge which is matched with the groove in the second round through hole.
The technical scheme is as follows: the axial loading system comprises a rigid spring, a jack, a first counter-force plate, a second counter-force plate and a force transmission plate positioned between the first counter-force plate and the second counter-force plate, wherein the surfaces of the first counter-force plate, the second counter-force plate and the force transmission plate are respectively perpendicular to the axial direction of a test piece, the first counter-force plate is arranged on a first clamp, the second counter-force plate is far away from the first clamp and is fixedly arranged on a guide rail through a vertical rod, the first counter-force plate and the second counter-force plate are connected through a plurality of connecting rods, meanwhile, the connecting rods vertically penetrate through the force transmission plate, and the force transmission plate is in sliding fit with the connecting rods; the rigid spring is positioned between the force transmission plate and the first counter-force plate, one end of the rigid spring is connected with the force transmission plate, and the other end of the rigid spring is connected with the first rigid connection end or the first hinged end;
when axial pressure is applied to the test piece, the jack is positioned between the second counter-force plate and the force transmission plate, and the jack faces the force transmission plate; when axial tension is applied to the test piece, the jack is positioned between the first counter-force plate and the force transfer plate, and the jack faces the force transfer plate.
The technical scheme is as follows: the support restraint system further comprises a pair of diagonal braces which are positioned on the opposite side surfaces of the second support and right above the pair of guide rails, and two ends of each diagonal brace are respectively provided with a lug with a pin bolt hole; a pair of end plates are respectively arranged on opposite side surfaces of the second support and are positioned right above the pair of guide rails, opposite clamping type lugs with pin bolt holes and hinged with one end of the diagonal brace are arranged on the plate surface of the end plates, opposite lug picking lugs with bolt holes are arranged on the edges of the end plates, and the end plates are fastened on the second support through the lug picking bolts; the guide rail is provided with a limiting sliding sheet which is respectively positioned on the opposite side surfaces of the second support, the guide rail is provided with a plurality of bolt holes for fixing the limiting sliding sheet on the guide rail by bolts, and the top of the limiting sliding sheet is provided with a butt-clamping type lug which is provided with a bolt hole and is hinged with the other end of the diagonal brace.
The technical scheme is as follows: the bottom of the second support is provided with a U-shaped limiting groove, and the second support slides on the guide rail through the limiting groove; the first clamping head is fixed on the first support through a bolt, and the second clamping head is fixed on the second support through a bolt.
The technical scheme is as follows: end plates are welded at two ends of the test piece, and lugs with pin bolt holes are welded on the end plates at two ends of the test piece when the test piece is hinged with the first hinged end head and the second hinged end head; the end parts of the first hinged end head, the second hinged end head and the test piece are welded with opposite clamping type lugs hinged with the lugs.
The technical scheme is as follows: the outer diameters of the first rigid connection end and the first hinge connection end are the inner diameter of the first round through hole minus 2 times the outer diameter of the roller; the outer diameters of the second rigid connection end and the second hinge connection end are the inner diameters of the second round through holes.
The technical scheme is as follows: the first rigid connection end, the first articulated end deviate from the one end of test piece is equipped with the screw, the one end of stiff spring is fixed with the plectane, the welding has the screwed pipe on the plectane, the internal diameter of screw is slightly greater than the external diameter of pipe, stiff spring passes through the pipe with the screw cooperatees and realizes with test piece fixed connection.
The technical scheme is as follows: the bottom end of the jack is symmetrically provided with a lug with a bolt hole, and when axial pressure is applied to the test piece, the jack is fixed on the second counter-force plate through a lug bolt at the bottom end of the jack; when axial tension is applied to the test piece, the jack is fixed on the first counter-force plate through a lug bolt at the bottom end of the jack.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) In the lateral impact resistance test, the invention can apply end constraint to the rigid-joint, in-plane hinge or out-of-plane hinge test piece, and has more comprehensive functions. When end constraint is applied to the rigid-joint test piece, a first rigid-joint end is arranged in the first circular through hole, a second rigid-joint end is arranged in the second circular through hole, and one end of the test piece is welded with the first rigid-joint end, and the other end of the test piece is welded with the second rigid-joint end; when end constraint is applied to the in-plane hinged or out-of-plane hinged test piece, a first hinged end is arranged in the first circular through hole, a second hinged end is arranged in the second circular through hole, and one end of the test piece is hinged with the first hinged end, and the other end of the test piece is hinged with the second hinged end.
(2) The distance between the first support and the second support is adjustable, so that the experimental requirements of test pieces with different lengths can be met, and the method has expansibility and wider application range. The first round through hole is arranged at the joint of the first support and the first chuck, the second round through hole is arranged at the joint of the second support and the second chuck, and the joint enables the test piece to be convenient and simple to install, and is beneficial to setting end constraint conditions of the test piece and applying load to the test piece.
(3) According to the invention, the rolling shafts are arranged in the first round through holes, so that the first rigid connection end or the first articulated end and the test piece can generate and maintain synchronous axial displacement under the axial load and the lateral impact load, and the axial load acting on the first rigid connection end or the first articulated end is completely transmitted to the test piece. The limiting bottom plates on the second rigid connection end and the second hinge connection end can prevent the end part of the test piece connected with the second rigid connection end or the second hinge connection end from axial displacement in the process of bearing lateral impact load. The invention is beneficial to further improving the accuracy of the experimental result in the lateral impact resistance experiment of the axial stress test piece.
(4) The outer sides of the first hinging end head and the second hinging end head are provided with the protrusions which are matched with the grooves in the first round through hole and the second round through hole respectively, the protrusions can be inserted into the grooves at corresponding positions according to the requirements of realizing in-plane hinging or out-of-plane hinging, and the butt clamp type lugs of the first hinging end head and the second hinging end head are enabled to be in the same plane through the matching of the protrusions and the grooves so as to restrain the test piece. The invention has simple structure, convenient installation and easy disassembly.
(5) According to the axial loading system disclosed by the invention, the axial load is transmitted to the test piece through the rigid spring, the rigid spring can deform along with the axial deformation of the test piece in a very short time under the action of the lateral impact load, but the deformation is very small, so that the applied axial load on the test piece can be basically kept constant, and the accuracy of an experimental result in the lateral impact resistance experiment of the axial stress test piece is ensured. The structure of the axial loading system can apply and maintain axial compressive force or tensile force to the test piece in the impact experiment process so as to meet the application requirements of various real boundary constraints.
(6) The diagonal brace is used for fixing the second support, and after the distance between the first support and the second support is determined according to the length of the test piece, the diagonal brace can be used for fixing the second support so as to prevent the second support from continuously sliding along the guide rail. One end of the diagonal brace is hinged with a butt-clamping type lug fixed on the end plate on the second support through a lug, and the other end of the diagonal brace is hinged with a butt-clamping type lug arranged on the limiting sliding sheet through a lug. The invention has simple installation structure and easy disassembly.
(7) The support restraint system is connected with the test piece in a rigid connection or hinging mode, and the end plates are arranged at the two ends of the test piece, so that the support restraint system can adapt to the connection requirements of the test pieces with different section forms.
(8) The lifting lug with the bolt hole at the bottom end of the jack is convenient for installing the jack, and simultaneously, the installation position is convenient to change according to the axial pulling force or the axial pressing force applied to a test piece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a limiting groove structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a pair of end plates on the second support.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a limiting slide structure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a diagonal brace structure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the upper structure of the first support.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the upper structure of the second support.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the first rigid connection end.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a first hinge head.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a second rigid connection end.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a second hinge head.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the end structure of a rigid test piece.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of an end configuration of a hinged test piece.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an axial loading system (when axial pressure is applied to a test piece).
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an axial loading system (when an axial tension is applied to a test piece).
The meaning of the symbols in the drawings is as follows:
the device comprises a guide rail, a 2-cross beam, a 3-diagonal brace, a 4-first support, a 5-second support, a 6-limit groove, a 7-first clamping head, an 8-first rigid connection head, a 9-first hinged connection head, a 10-second clamping head, an 11-second rigid connection head, a 12-second hinged connection head, a 13-test piece, a 14-jack, a 15-first counter-force plate, a 16-second counter-force plate, a 17-force transmission plate, a 18-rigid spring, a 19-vertical rod, a 20-connecting rod, a 21-first round through hole, a 22-second round through hole, a 23-groove, a 24-roller, a 25-screw hole, a 26-bulge, a 27-opposite clamping lug, a 28-end plate, a 29-picking lug, a 30-round plate, a 31-round pipe, a 32-lug, a 33-limit sliding sheet and a 34-limit bottom plate.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is more specifically described below by combining examples:
the invention comprises an axial loading system and a support restraint system for mounting a rod-shaped test piece 13, wherein a rigid spring 18 arranged coaxially is connected to the end of the test piece 13, and the axial loading system applies an axial load to the test piece 13 through the rigid spring 18.
The support restraint system comprises a pair of guide rails 1, a first support 4 and a second support 5, wherein the first support 4 is fixed on the guide rails 1, the second support 5 is slidably arranged on the guide rails 1, a first clamping head 7 for restraining one end of a test piece 13 is arranged on the first support 4, and a second clamping head 10 for restraining the other end of the test piece 13 is arranged on the second support 5.
The joint of the first chuck 7 and the first support 4 is provided with a first circular through hole 21, a first rigid connection end 8 welded with one end of the test piece 13 is installed in the first circular through hole 21, or a first hinged end 9 hinged with one end of the test piece 13 is installed in the first circular through hole 21, and the first rigid connection end 8 and the first hinged end 9 are columnar and are coaxially installed with the test piece 13; the inner wall of the first round through hole 21 is provided with grooves 23 and rollers 24 which are uniformly arranged along the axial direction, the grooves 23 and the rollers 24 are arranged at intervals, and the outer side surface of the first hinge end 9 is provided with a protrusion 26 matched with the grooves 23 in the first round through hole 21; the first rigid connection end 8 and one end of the first hinged end 9, which is far away from the test piece 13, are provided with screw holes 25, one end of the rigid spring 18 is fixed with a circular plate 30, a threaded circular tube 31 is welded on the circular plate 30, the inner diameter of the screw holes 25 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the circular tube 31 so as to facilitate the fastening of the circular tube 31 and the screw holes 25, namely, the rigid spring 18 is matched with the screw holes 25 through the circular tube 31 to realize the fixed connection with the test piece 13;
the joint of the second chuck 10 and the second support 5 is provided with a second circular through hole 22, a second rigid connection end 11 welded with the other end of the test piece 13 is installed in the second circular through hole 22, or a second hinged end 12 hinged with the other end of the test piece 13 is installed in the second circular through hole 22, the second rigid connection end 11 and the second hinged end 12 are columnar and are coaxially installed with the test piece 13, one ends of the second rigid connection end 11 and the second hinged end 12, which are far away from the test piece 13, are respectively welded with a limiting bottom plate 34 positioned outside the second circular through hole 22, and the size of the limiting bottom plate 34 is larger than the diameters of the second rigid connection end 11 and the second hinged end 12; the second circular through hole 22 is internally provided with a groove 23 arranged along the axial direction, and the outer side of the second hinged end head 12 is provided with a protrusion 26 matched with the groove 23 in the second circular through hole 22.
The axial loading system comprises a jack 14, a first counter-force plate 15, a second counter-force plate 16 and a force transmission plate 17 positioned between the first counter-force plate 15 and the second counter-force plate 16, wherein the plate surfaces of the first counter-force plate 15, the second counter-force plate 16 and the force transmission plate 17 are respectively perpendicular to the length direction of the guide rail 1, the first counter-force plate 15 is arranged on the first clamping head 7, the second counter-force plate 16 is far away from the first clamping head 7 and is fixedly arranged on the guide rail 1 through a vertical rod 19, the first counter-force plate 15 and the second counter-force plate 16 are connected through a plurality of connecting rods 20, the connecting rods 20 vertically penetrate through the force transmission plate 17, and the force transmission plate 17 is in sliding fit with the connecting rods 20; the rigid spring 18 is positioned between the force transmission plate 17 and the first counter-force plate 15, one end of the rigid spring 18 is connected with the force transmission plate 17, and the other end of the rigid spring 18 is connected with the test piece 13;
when an axial pressure is applied to the test piece 13, the jack 14 is positioned between the second counter-force plate 16 and the force transfer plate 17, and the jack 14 is pushed against the force transfer plate 17; when an axial tension is applied to the test piece 13, the jack 14 is located intermediate the first reaction plate 15 and the force transfer plate 17 and the jack 14 is pushed against the force transfer plate 17.
The support restraint system further comprises a pair of diagonal braces 3 which are positioned on opposite sides of the second support 5 and right above the pair of guide rails 1, and lugs 32 with pin bolt holes are respectively arranged at two ends of the diagonal braces 3; a pair of end plates 28 are respectively arranged on opposite side surfaces of the second support 5 and right above the pair of guide rails 1, a butt-clamping type lug 27 with a pin bolt hole and hinged with one end of the diagonal brace 3 is arranged on the surface of each end plate 28, opposite lugs 29 with bolt holes are arranged at the edges of the end plates 28, and the end plates 28 are fastened on the second support 5 through the lugs 29 through bolts; the guide rail 1 is provided with a limiting sliding sheet 33 which is respectively positioned on the opposite side surfaces of the second support 5, the guide rail 1 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes for fixing the limiting sliding sheet 33 on the guide rail 1 by bolts, and the top of the limiting sliding sheet 33 is provided with a butt-clamping type lug 27 which is provided with a bolt hole and is hinged with the other end of the diagonal brace 3.
A U-shaped limit groove 6 is formed in the bottom of the second support 5, and the second support 5 slides on the guide rail 1 through the limit groove 6; the first clamping head 7 is fixed on the first support 4 through bolts, and the second clamping head 10 is fixed on the second support 5 through bolts.
End plates 28 are welded at the two ends of the test piece 13, and lugs 32 with pin bolt holes are welded on the end plates 28 at the two ends of the test piece 13 when the test piece 13 is hinged with the first hinging end 9 and the second hinging end 12; the ends of the first and second articulation ends 9, 12 connected to the test piece 13 are welded with a butt-clamp lug 27 articulated to the lug 32.
The outer diameters of the first rigid connection end 8 and the first hinging end 9 are the inner diameter of the first round through hole 21 minus 2 times the outer diameter of the roller 24; the outer diameters of the second rigid connection end 11 and the second hinged end 12 are the inner diameters of the second round through holes 22.
The bottom end of the jack 14 is symmetrically provided with a lug 29 with a bolt hole, and when axial pressure is applied to the test piece 13, the jack 14 is fixed on the second counter-force plate 16 through the lug 29 at the bottom end of the jack; when an axial pulling force is applied to the test piece 13, the jack 14 is fixed on the first counter-force plate 15 through a lug 29 at the bottom end of the jack.
The application method of the invention comprises the following steps:
and step 1, setting an axial loading system according to the axial load requirement. When axial pressure is applied to the test piece, the bottom end of the jack 14 is fastened with the second counter-force plate 16, and the top end of the jack abuts against the force transmission plate 17; when an axial pulling force is applied to the test piece, the bottom end of the jack 14 is fastened with the first counter-force plate 15, and the top end abuts against the force transfer plate 17.
And 2, setting a support constraint system according to the constraint requirement of the end part of the test piece.
When a test piece is just connected, after the first just connected end 8 is fastened with a circular tube 31 at the end part of the rigid spring 18, the clamping section of the first just connected end 8 is placed in the first circular through hole 21, the first clamping head 7 is fastened by bolts, the clamping section of the second just connected end 11 is placed in the second circular through hole 22, the bottom plate 34 is placed outside the second circular through hole 22, and the second clamping head 10 is fastened by bolts;
when the test piece is hinged in the plane, after the first hinged end 9 is fastened with the circular tube 31 at the end part of the rigid spring 18, the clamping section of the first hinged end 9 is placed into the first circular through hole 21, and the protrusions 26 at two sides are inserted into the grooves 23 parallel to the impact load direction (namely, the plane of the pair of grooves 23 which are oppositely arranged is parallel to the impact load direction); placing the clamping section of the second hinge end 12 into the second circular through hole 22, placing the bottom plate 34 outside the second circular through hole 22, and inserting the protrusions 26 on two sides into the grooves 23 parallel to the impact load direction (i.e. the plane of the pair of grooves 23 oppositely arranged is parallel to the impact load direction);
when the test piece is hinged out of the plane, after the first hinged end 9 is fastened with the circular tube 31 at the end part of the rigid spring 18, the clamping section of the first hinged end 9 is placed into the first circular through hole 21, and the protrusions 26 at two sides are inserted into the grooves 23 perpendicular to the impact load direction (namely, the plane of the pair of grooves 23 which are oppositely arranged is perpendicular to the impact load direction); the second hinge end 12 is placed in the second circular through hole 22, the bottom plate 34 is placed outside the second circular through hole 22, and the protrusions 26 on both sides are inserted into the grooves 23 perpendicular to the impact load direction (i.e., the plane of the pair of grooves 23 arranged oppositely is perpendicular to the impact load direction).
The hinge is in-plane when the direction of the impact load is in the same plane as the plane of the hinge formed by the hinged end, and out-of-plane when the direction of the impact load is perpendicular to the plane of the hinge formed by the hinged end.
Step 3, moving the second support 5 to a proper position, and welding end plates 28 at two ends of the test piece 13 with the first rigid connection end 8 and the second rigid connection end 11 respectively when the test piece is rigid connection; when the test piece is hinged, the lugs 32 at the two ends of the test piece 13 are respectively connected with the butt clamp lugs 27 of the first hinging end 9 and the second hinging end 12 by bolts;
step 4, respectively connecting lugs 32 at two ends of the diagonal brace 3 with opposite clamping lugs 27 on the second support 5 and the limiting sliding piece 33 by bolts, fastening the limiting sliding piece 33 on the guide rail 1 by bolts, and fixing the second support 5;
and 5, starting hydraulic equipment to enable the jack 14 to push the force transfer plate 17 to a proper position, enabling the load generated by deformation of the rigid spring 18 to be equal to the axial load of the test piece to be applied, keeping the deformation of the rigid spring 18 constant, and preparing to apply lateral impact load after the boundary constraint of the test piece 13 is applied.
Claims (6)
1. Test piece boundary constraint applying device in anti side impact experiment, its characterized in that: comprises a support restraint system for mounting a rod-shaped test piece (13) and an axial loading system for applying an axial load to the test piece (13); the support restraint system comprises a first installation unit and a second installation unit, wherein a first circular through hole (21) is formed in the first installation unit, a first rigid connection end (8) welded with one end of the test piece (13) is installed in the first circular through hole (21), or a first hinged end (9) hinged with one end of the test piece (13) is installed in the first circular through hole (21); the second mounting unit is provided with a second round through hole (22), a second rigid connection end (11) welded with the other end of the test piece (13) or a second hinged end (12) hinged with the other end of the test piece (13) is arranged in the second round through hole (22), the support restraint system comprises a pair of guide rails (1), a first support (4) and a second support (5), the first support (4) is fixed on the guide rails (1), and the second support (5) is slidably mounted on the guide rails (1); a first chuck (7) is arranged on the first support (4), the first support (4) and the first chuck (7) form the first installation unit, and the joint part of the first chuck (7) and the first support (4) is provided with the first round through hole (21); a second chuck (10) is arranged on the second support (5), the second support (5) and the second chuck (10) form the second installation unit, the joint part of the second chuck (10) and the second support (5) is provided with the second round through hole (22), and the first rigid connection end (8) and the first articulated end (9) are columnar and are coaxially installed with the test piece (13); the inner wall of the first round through hole (21) is provided with grooves (23) and rollers (24) which are uniformly arranged along the axial direction, the grooves (23) and the rollers (24) are arranged at intervals, and the outer side surface of the first hinge end (9) is provided with a protrusion (26) matched with the grooves (23) in the first round through hole (21);
the second rigid connection end (11) and the second hinge connection end (12) are columnar and are coaxially arranged with the test piece (13), one ends of the second rigid connection end (11) and the second hinge connection end (12) which are far away from the test piece (13) are respectively welded with a limiting bottom plate (34) positioned outside the second round through hole (22), and the size of the limiting bottom plate (34) is larger than the diameters of the second rigid connection end (11) and the second hinge connection end (12); the axial loading system comprises a rigid spring (18), a jack (14), a first counter-force plate (15), a second counter-force plate (16) and a force transmission plate (17) positioned between the first counter-force plate (15) and the second counter-force plate (16), wherein the grooves (23) are axially arranged in the second round through holes (22), protrusions (26) matched with the grooves (23) in the second round through holes (22) are arranged on the outer side of the second hinge end (12), the second counter-force plate (16) is far away from the first chuck (7) and is fixedly arranged on a guide rail (1) through a vertical rod (19), the faces of the first counter-force plate (15), the second counter-force plate (16) and the force transmission plate (17) are respectively perpendicular to a test piece (13), the first counter-force plate (15) is installed on the first chuck (7), the second counter-force plate (16) is far away from the first chuck (7) and is fixedly installed on the guide rail (1) through a plurality of connecting rods (20), and simultaneously the connecting rods (20) vertically penetrate through the force transmission plate (17), and the connecting rods (20) are in sliding fit with the connecting rods (20). The rigid spring (18) is positioned between the force transmission plate (17) and the first counter-force plate (15), one end of the rigid spring (18) is connected with the force transmission plate (17), and the other end of the rigid spring (18) is connected with the first rigid connection end (8) or the first hinge end (9);
when axial pressure is applied to the test piece (13), the jack (14) is positioned between the second counter-force plate (16) and the force transmission plate (17) and the jack (14) is propped against the force transmission plate (17); when an axial tensile force is applied to the test piece (13), the jack (14) is positioned between the first counter-force plate (15) and the force transmission plate (17), the jack (14) is propped against the force transmission plate (17), the support restraint system further comprises a pair of diagonal braces (3) which are positioned on the opposite side surfaces of the second support (5) and are positioned right above the pair of guide rails (1), and lugs (32) with pin bolt holes are respectively arranged at two ends of the diagonal braces (3); a pair of end plates (28) are respectively arranged on opposite side surfaces of the second support (5) and are positioned right above the pair of guide rails (1), a butt-clamping type lug (27) with a bolt hole and hinged with one end of the diagonal brace (3) is arranged on the surface of each end plate (28), a lug (29) with a bolt hole is arranged at the edge of each end plate (28) in an opposite mode, and the end plates (28) are fastened on the second support (5) through the lugs (29) through bolts; the guide rail (1) is provided with limiting sliding sheets (33) which are respectively positioned on the opposite side surfaces of the second support (5), the guide rail (1) is provided with a plurality of bolt holes for fixing the limiting sliding sheets (33) on the guide rail (1) through bolts, and the top of the limiting sliding sheets (33) is provided with opposite clamping type lugs (27) which are provided with bolt holes and are hinged with the other end of the diagonal bracing (3).
2. The lateral impact resistant experimental pilot piece boundary constraint applying device according to claim 1, wherein: a U-shaped limit groove (6) is formed in the bottom of the second support (5), and the second support (5) slides on the guide rail (1) through the limit groove (6); the first clamping head (7) is fixed on the first support (4) through a bolt, and the second clamping head (10) is fixed on the second support (5) through a bolt.
3. The lateral impact resistant experimental pilot piece boundary constraint applying device according to claim 1, wherein: end plates (28) are welded at two ends of the test piece (13), and lugs (32) with pin bolt holes are welded on the end plates (28) at two ends of the test piece (13) when the test piece (13) is hinged with the first hinging end head (9) and the second hinging end head (12); the ends of the first hinging end head (9) and the second hinging end head (12) connected with the test piece (13) are welded with a butt-clamping type lug (27) hinged with the lug (32).
4. The lateral impact resistant experimental pilot piece boundary constraint applying device according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameters of the first rigid connection end (8) and the first hinge connection end (9) are the inner diameter of the first round through hole (21) minus 2 times the outer diameter of the rolling shaft (24); the outer diameters of the second rigid connection end (11) and the second hinging end (12) are the inner diameters of the second round through holes (22).
5. The lateral impact resistant experimental pilot piece boundary constraint applying device according to claim 1, wherein: the device is characterized in that a screw hole (25) is formed in one end, deviating from the test piece (13), of the first rigid connection end (8) and the first hinged end (9), a circular plate (30) is fixed at one end of the rigid spring (18), a threaded circular tube (31) is welded on the circular plate (30), the inner diameter of the screw hole (25) is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the circular tube (31), and the rigid spring (18) is matched with the screw hole (25) through the circular tube (31) to be fixedly connected with the test piece (13).
6. The lateral impact resistant experimental pilot piece boundary constraint applying device according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom end of the jack (14) is symmetrically provided with a lug (29) with a bolt hole, and when axial pressure is applied to the test piece (13), the jack (14) is fixed on the second counter-force plate (16) through the lug (29) at the bottom end of the jack; when an axial pulling force is applied to the test piece (13), the jack (14) is fixed on the first counter-force plate (15) through a lug (29) at the bottom end of the jack.
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