CN111594028A

CN111594028A - Anti-falling escape ladder for foundation pit

Info

Publication number: CN111594028A
Application number: CN202010448486.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张子江; 徐军; 徐坤; 唐江
Original assignee: Ningbo Metallurgical Survey And Design Research Co ltd
Current assignee: Ningbo Metallurgical Survey And Design Research Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-25
Filing date: 2020-05-25
Publication date: 2020-08-28
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-25
Also published as: CN111594028B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering safety facilities, and discloses an anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder which comprises a first ladder column, a first crosspiece, a second ladder column and a second crosspiece, wherein a slide bar is arranged on the first ladder column, a sliding groove is formed in the second ladder column, the first ladder column is in sliding connection with the second ladder column, the first crosspiece is fixedly connected with the first ladder column, a connecting piece is arranged at the end part of the second crosspiece, the second crosspiece is detachably connected with the second ladder column through the connecting piece, a limiting groove is formed in the front side of the second ladder column, a moving rod and a spring are arranged in the connecting piece, limiting holes are uniformly formed in the bottom of the limiting groove, and when the spring is in an extending state, the inner end of the moving rod penetrates through the rear through hole and then is inserted into the limiting hole. The first ladder unit and the second ladder unit are connected in a sliding mode to achieve length adjustment, so that the first ladder unit and the second ladder unit can adapt to foundation pits with different depths, the second crosspiece can be disassembled, assembled and adjusted through the connecting piece, and the installation is very convenient.

Description

Anti-falling escape ladder for foundation pit

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering safety facilities, in particular to a falling-prevention foundation pit escape ladder.

Background

Civil engineering works, particularly those in busy places in cities, are beginning to develop and utilize underground spaces on a large scale. At present, the excavation depth of a foundation pit of a building structure in China, particularly a plurality of commercial building structures, reaches below 16 m. The foundation pit engineering construction has certain danger, and the larger the excavation depth of the foundation pit is, the higher the danger degree is. Once major safety accidents of foundation pit engineering occur, the casualty number of construction operators is often very large. In order to ensure the personal safety of construction operators, according to the safety production policy of 'safety first, prevention first' and 'emergency first', not only the prevention in advance is achieved, but also emergency safety measures after accidents occur are required to be made. Therefore, measures for ensuring that construction operators evacuate timely after a foundation pit accident occurs are very important. When the deep foundation pit is dug deeply and the transverse plane size is narrow, the flexible escape ladder made of the traditional fastener type steel pipe inclined stepping working ladder and the nylon rope is difficult to adapt to the escape requirement. And because the foundation ditch is darker, for simple to operate and save the cost, current foundation ditch emergency ladder is all relatively simple and easy, when constructor when climbing emergency ladder, if take place phenomenons such as sole skid, make constructor fall from emergency ladder easily, have very big potential safety hazard.

Chinese patent No. CN108252646B discloses a foundation ditch emergency ladder, it includes a plurality of ladder units that can dismantle in proper order and link together, the ladder unit includes two parallel terraced posts and sets up the crosspiece that is used for supplying the user to trample between two terraced posts, terraced post one end is provided with the couple that is used for with the ladder unit connection of last height, the other end is provided with the pole that hangs that is used for supplying the couple hookup on the ladder unit of next height, it is located between two terraced posts to hang the pole, be provided with the bumper bar parallel with the terraced post on the terraced post, the both ends of bumper bar are connected with the both ends of terraced post, the slope is provided with on the bumper bar and prevents the pole. The ladder is convenient to use, only needs to be hooked with each other, has high safety performance in use, and is not easy to fall and fall injury of a user. However, when the escape ladder is used in cooperation with foundation pits of different depths, the ladder units need to be frequently disassembled, and each ladder unit has a certain length, so that the length of the escape ladder cannot be accurately matched with the depth of the foundation pit in the use process; and the middle part ladder unit of this emergency ladder needs each other to hook, appears rocking phenomenon easily when trampling, and its upper and lower extreme need weld respectively on spliced pole and the drag hook of pre-buried in the foundation ditch, relatively speaking, and installation work still is comparatively loaded down with trivial details.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects that the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder in the prior art is difficult to adapt to foundation pits with different depths, so that the shaking phenomenon occurs, the installation work is complicated, and the like, the invention provides the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder which can be well adapted to foundation pits with different depths, is difficult to shake, and is convenient to install.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:

the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder comprises a first ladder unit and a second ladder unit which are detachably connected, wherein the first ladder unit comprises two first ladder posts which are arranged in parallel and a first crosspiece which is arranged between the two first ladder posts, the first ladder unit comprises two second ladder posts which are arranged in parallel and a second crosspiece which is arranged between the two second ladder posts, the cross sections of the first crosspiece and the second crosspiece are rectangular, the two first ladder posts are positioned between the two second ladder posts, one side of each first ladder post, which is close to the corresponding second ladder post, is provided with a sliding strip, the second ladder posts are provided with sliding grooves which are matched with the sliding strips, the first ladder posts and the second ladder posts are matched with the sliding grooves through the sliding strips to realize sliding connection, the first crosspieces are fixedly connected with the first ladder posts, the end parts of the second crosspieces are provided with connecting pieces, the second crosspieces are detachably connected with the second ladder posts through the connecting pieces, the front sides of the second ladder posts are provided with limiting grooves, the connecting piece slides and inlays and establish at the spacing inslot, the installation cavity has been seted up to the inside of connecting piece, install carriage release lever and spring in the installation cavity, be provided with on the carriage release lever with spring complex retaining ring, the one end of spring is contradicted with the preceding lateral wall of installation cavity, the other end and the retaining ring of spring are contradicted, still set up preceding through-hole and the back through-hole with the installation cavity intercommunication in the connecting piece, the carriage release lever runs through the connecting piece through preceding through-hole and back through-hole, spacing hole has evenly been seted up to the tank bottom of spacing groove, when the spring is in when extending the state, peg graft in spacing downthehole. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is simple in structure, the first ladder unit and the second ladder unit are in matched sliding connection with the sliding groove through the sliding strips, the whole length of the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder can be adjusted, and therefore the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder can be well suitable for foundation pits with different depths and is very convenient to use; the connecting piece is ingenious in design, the second crosspiece can be disassembled, assembled and adjusted through the connecting piece, the second ladder unit can be better matched with the first ladder unit, and the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is more convenient to use; the sliding strip is in sliding fit with the sliding groove, so that the relative movement fluency between the first ladder unit and the second ladder unit can be ensured, and the connection strength of the first ladder unit and the second ladder unit can be improved; the connecting piece slides to inlay and establishes at the spacing inslot, can strengthen the joint strength of connecting piece and second ladder post, through carriage release lever and spring cooperation and plug in spacing downthehole, can fix the connecting piece on the second ladder post to the realization is fixed the second crosspiece on the second ladder post, and is very convenient.

Preferably, the outer end of the moving rod penetrates through the front through hole and then is connected with the pull plate, a pull plate groove is formed in the front side wall of the connecting piece, the front through hole is formed in the pull plate groove, when the pull plate is completely located in the pull plate groove, the spring is in an extending state, the inner end of the moving rod is inserted into the limiting hole, when the pull plate is completely separated from the pull plate groove, the spring is in a compressing state, and the inner end of the moving rod is separated from the limiting hole. The cooperation design benefit of arm-tie and carriage release lever, the arm-tie can play the positioning action, pegs graft in spacing downthehole when the inner of carriage release lever, and the connecting piece is fixed on the second ladder post, when the inner of carriage release lever breaks away from spacing hole, the connecting piece then with second ladder post sliding connection, can follow this moment and dismantle the second crosspiece from the second ladder post, and is very convenient.

Preferably, the limiting groove is a trapezoidal groove, a raised line is arranged at the bottom of the limiting groove, the limiting hole is formed in the raised line, a groove matched with the raised line is formed in the connecting piece, and the rear through hole is formed in the groove. The setting of sand grip effectively practices thrift the thickness of second ladder post, and recess and sand grip cooperation have also further strengthened the connection compactness of connecting piece with second ladder post.

Preferably, the rear side of second ladder post is provided with two fixed plates and is formed with articulated seat, it has supporting component to articulate in the articulated seat, supporting component includes with articulated seat articulated complex support and with support articulated supporting baseplate, the support includes two articulated arms, supporting component still includes the articulated shaft that is used for articulated support and supporting baseplate, the one end of articulated arm articulates in articulated seat, the other end of articulated arm is articulated with supporting baseplate through the articulated shaft, supporting baseplate's articulated end is located between two articulated arms, be provided with the fixing bolt who is used for fixing supporting component in articulated seat on the fixed plate, all seted up the mounting hole with fixing bolt complex on supporting baseplate and the articulated arm. The support assembly is ingenious in design, can play a role in fixing and supporting the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder, can improve the stability of the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder, and effectively avoids the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder from shaking and turning on one's side; when the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is used, the supporting bottom plate can rotate to be in contact with the ground at the bottom of a foundation pit, and is positioned at the rear side of the second ladder column, so that the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder can be fixed, the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is prevented from shaking and turning over, compared with the prior art, the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder can be fixed without pre-burying a connecting column and a drag hook in the foundation pit, the mounting operation is more convenient, a certain included angle can be formed between the support and the second ladder column, the support can support the second ladder column, and the stability of the anti-falling foundation pit escape; and supporting component and articulated cooperation of articulated seat, can articulate when not using and accomodate in articulated seat, the space volume occupies for a short time, is convenient for lay the removal.

Preferably, the articulated arm articulates the lower extreme at the fixed plate, is connected with spacing blend stop between two articulated arms, and spacing blend stop sets up the one side of keeping away from the fixed plate at the articulated arm, and spacing blend stop encloses with two articulated arms and establishes into and support the articulated position of bottom plate complex, has still seted up logical groove on the support bottom plate. The limiting barrier strips can effectively prevent the supporting base plate from being turned out from the space between the two hinged arms when the supporting base plate is stored, so that the supporting base plate is convenient to store; the through grooves can prevent a plurality of heavy objects from fixing the supporting bottom plate, and the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is further prevented from shaking or turning on one side.

As preferred, the base is installed to the bottom of second ladder post, the bottom of base is provided with the slipmat, the lower extreme of second ladder post is provided with spliced pole and bulb, set up on the base mounting groove and with bulb complex spherical groove, mounting groove and spherical groove intercommunication, the bulb passes the mounting groove and pegs graft in spherical groove, the cooperation has the stop collar on the spliced pole, the stop collar cover is established on the spliced pole, the lower extreme of stop collar is installed in the mounting groove and is carried on spacingly to the bulb. The anti-slip mat can effectively prevent the bottom of the second ladder column from sliding; the stop collar can prevent that the bulb from deviating from spherical groove, and the bulb forms the ball pivot structure with spherical groove cooperation, and when foundation ditch bottom ground slope, the second ladder post can and the base between take place to rotate through this ball pivot structure, is convenient for adapt to the uneven ground at high end, improves overall structure's steadiness.

Preferably, the lower extreme of first ladder post is provided with the first set screw that is used for connecting the second ladder post, and first set screw sets up in the one side that the second ladder post was kept away from to first ladder post, and the upper end of second ladder post is provided with the second set screw that is used for connecting first ladder post, and the second set screw sets up in the one side that first ladder post was kept away from to the second ladder post. First fixing bolt and second fixing bolt can effectively fix first ladder post and second ladder post, prevent to take place sliding displacement between the two.

Preferably, the distance between the adjacent first crosspieces is the same as the distance between the adjacent second crosspieces, the first ladder post is provided with a first fixing hole matched with the second fixing screw, the position of the first fixing hole corresponds to the position of the first crosspiece, the second ladder post is provided with a second fixing hole matched with the first fixing screw, and the position of the second fixing hole corresponds to the position of the second crosspiece. The distance between the adjacent first crosspieces is the same as the distance between the adjacent second crosspieces, the positions of the first fixing holes correspond to the positions of the first crosspieces, and the positions of the second fixing holes correspond to the positions of the second crosspieces, so that the overall structure is more harmonious and reasonable.

Preferably, a first handrail is further provided on the front side of the first ladder column, and a second handrail is further provided on the front side of the second ladder column. The first handrail and the second handrail are convenient for the support of the escape personnel during the climbing of the ladder, and the safety of the climbing of the ladder is enhanced.

Preferably, the first handrail and the second handrail are uniformly provided with anti-slip columns, the anti-slip columns are arranged on the rear sides of the first handrail or the second handrail, and an included angle between each anti-slip column and the first handrail or the second handrail is an acute angle or a right angle. The anti-slip column is convenient for the evacuee to grasp when climbing the ladder, and can effectively prevent the hand from falling off from the first handrail or the second handrail; simultaneously, the non-slip column also can cooperate fire control safety to detain the use, and the contained angle between non-slip column and first handrail or the second handrail is acute angle or right angle, can prevent effectively that fire control safety from detaining the landing to effectively prevent that the personnel of fleing from falling, the security performance of the foundation ditch emergency ladder of preventing falling is strengthened.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that: the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is simple in structure and ingenious in design, the first ladder unit and the second ladder unit are in matched sliding connection with the sliding groove through the sliding strips, and the whole length adjustment of the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder can be realized, so that the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder can be well suitable for foundation pits with different depths, and is very convenient; the second crosspiece can be disassembled, assembled and adjusted through the connecting piece, so that the second ladder unit can be better matched with the first ladder unit, and the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is more convenient to use; the connecting piece is embedded in the limiting groove in a sliding mode, so that the connecting strength of the connecting piece and the second ladder post can be enhanced, the movable rod, the spring and the pulling plate are skillfully matched and designed, the pulling plate can play a positioning role, when the inner end of the movable rod is inserted into the limiting hole, the connecting piece is fixed on the second ladder post, and when the inner end of the movable rod is separated from the limiting hole, the connecting piece is connected with the second ladder post in a sliding mode, and the second crosspiece is detached conveniently; the support assembly is ingenious in design, can play a role in fixing and supporting the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder, effectively avoids the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder from shaking and turning over, is hinged and matched with the hinge seat, can be hinged and stored in the hinge seat when not in use, and is convenient to place and move; when the ground at the bottom of the foundation pit inclines, the second ladder post can rotate with the base through the matching of the ball head and the spherical groove, so that the foundation pit is convenient to adapt to the uneven ground with a high bottom, and the stability of the whole structure is improved; the antiskid column is convenient for grabbing when the escape personnel climbs the ladder, and can be matched with a fire safety buckle for use, so that the escape personnel can be effectively prevented from falling, and the safety performance of the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is enhanced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a side view of a fall arrest foundation pit emergency ladder.

Figure 2 is another side view of a side view of the anti-fall foundation exit ladder.

Figure 3 is a schematic view of the second ladder unit.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the second rail.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the connector.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the base.

The names of the parts indicated by the numerical references in the drawings are as follows: 1-first ladder unit, 11-first ladder rung, 111-runner, 112-first fixing screw, 113-first fixing hole, 114-first handrail, 12-first rung, 2-second ladder unit, 21-second ladder rung, 211-runner, 212-limiting groove, 2121-limiting hole, 2122-bead, 213-connecting column, 214-bulb, 215-limiting sleeve, 216-second fixing screw, 217-second fixing hole, 218-second handrail, 22-second rung, 3-connecting piece, 31-mounting cavity, 32-moving rod, 321-retaining ring, 322-pulling plate, 33-spring, 34-front through hole, 35-rear through hole, 36-pulling plate groove, 37-groove, 4-fixing plate, 41-hinge seat, 42-fixing bolt, 5-support assembly, 51-bracket, 511-hinge arm, 512-limiting barrier, 513-hinge position, 52-support bottom plate, 521-through groove, 53-hinge shaft, 521-through groove, 54-mounting hole, 6-base, 61-non-slip mat, 62-mounting groove, 63-spherical groove, 7-non-slip column.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Example 1

A falling-prevention foundation pit escape ladder comprises a first ladder unit 1 and a second ladder unit 2 which are detachably connected, wherein the first ladder unit 1 comprises two first ladder posts 11 which are arranged in parallel and a first crosspiece 12 which is arranged between the two first ladder posts 11, the first ladder unit 1 comprises two second ladder posts 21 which are arranged in parallel and a second crosspiece 22 which is arranged between the two second ladder posts 21, the cross sections of the first crosspiece 12 and the second crosspiece 22 are rectangular, the two first ladder posts 11 are positioned between the two second ladder posts 21, one side, close to the second ladder posts 21, of each first ladder post 11 is provided with a sliding strip 111, the second ladder post 21 is provided with a sliding groove 211 which is matched with the sliding strip 111, the first ladder post 11 and the second ladder post 21 are matched with the sliding groove 211 through the sliding strip 111 to realize sliding connection, the first crosspiece 12 is fixedly connected with the first ladder post 11, the end part of the second crosspiece 22 is provided with a connecting piece 3, second crosspiece 22 can be dismantled with second ladder post 21 through connecting piece 3 and be connected, the front side of second ladder post 21 is opened and is equipped with spacing groove 212, connecting piece 3 slides and inlays to be established in spacing groove 212, installation cavity 31 has been seted up to connecting piece 3's inside, install carriage release lever 32 and spring 33 in the installation cavity 31, be provided with on the carriage release lever 32 with spring 33 complex retaining ring 321, the one end of spring 33 is contradicted with the preceding lateral wall of installation cavity 31, the other end and the retaining ring 321 of spring 33 are contradicted, still set up preceding through-hole 34 and the back through-hole 35 with installation cavity 31 intercommunication in the connecting piece 3, carriage release lever 32 runs through connecting piece 3 through preceding through-hole 34 and back through-hole 35, spacing hole 2121 has evenly been seted up to the tank bottom of spacing groove 212, when spring 33 is in the extension state, peg graft in spacing hole 2121 behind rear through-hole. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is simple in structure, the first ladder unit 1 and the second ladder unit 2 are matched and slidably connected with the sliding groove 211 through the sliding strip 111, the whole length of the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder can be adjusted, and therefore the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder can be well suitable for foundation pits with different depths and is very convenient to use; the connecting piece 3 is ingenious in design, the second crosspiece 22 can be disassembled, assembled and adjusted through the connecting piece 3, so that the second ladder unit 2 can be better matched with the first ladder unit 1, and the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is more convenient to use; the sliding strip 111 is in sliding fit with the sliding groove 211, so that the relative movement fluency between the first ladder unit 1 and the second ladder unit 2 can be ensured, and the connection strength of the first ladder unit and the second ladder unit can be improved; connecting piece 3 slides to inlay and establishes in spacing groove 212, can strengthen connecting piece 3 and second ladder post 21's joint strength, through carriage release lever 32 and spring 33 cooperation and plug in spacing hole 2121, can fix connecting piece 3 on second ladder post 21 to the realization is fixed second crosspiece 22 on second ladder post 21, and is very convenient.

The outer end of the moving rod 32 penetrates through the front through hole 34 and then is connected with a pulling plate 322, a pulling plate groove 36 is formed in the front side wall of the connecting piece 3, the front through hole 34 is formed in the pulling plate groove 36, when the pulling plate 322 is completely positioned in the pulling plate groove 36, the spring 33 is in an extending state, the inner end of the moving rod 32 is inserted into the limiting hole 2121, when the pulling plate 322 is completely separated from the pulling plate groove 36, the spring 33 is in a compressing state, and the inner end of the moving rod 32 is separated from the limiting hole 2121. The pulling plate 322 and the movable rod 32 are matched and designed ingeniously, the pulling plate 322 can play a role in positioning, the inner end of the movable rod 32 is inserted into the limiting hole 2121, the connecting piece 3 is fixed on the second ladder post 21, when the inner end of the movable rod 32 is separated from the limiting hole 2121, the connecting piece 3 is connected with the second ladder post 21 in a sliding mode, the second crosspiece 22 can be detached from the second ladder post 21 at the moment, and the positioning device is very convenient and fast.

The limiting groove 212 is a trapezoidal groove, a convex strip 2122 is arranged at the bottom of the limiting groove 212, a limiting hole 2121 is formed in the convex strip 2122, a groove 37 matched with the convex strip 2122 is formed in the connecting piece 3, and the rear through hole 35 is formed in the groove 37. The setting of sand grip 2122 effectively practices thrift the thickness of second ladder post 21, and recess 37 and sand grip 2122 cooperation have also further strengthened connecting piece 3 and the connection tightness of second ladder post 21.

The lower extreme of first ladder post 11 is provided with first set screw 112 that is used for connecting second ladder post 21, and first set screw 112 sets up in the one side that second ladder post 21 was kept away from to first ladder post 11, and the upper end of second ladder post 21 is provided with second set screw 216 that is used for connecting first ladder post 11, and second set screw 216 sets up in the one side that first ladder post 11 was kept away from to second ladder post 21. The first fixing bolt 42 and the second fixing bolt 42 can effectively fix the first ladder post 11 and the second ladder post 21, and prevent sliding displacement between the two.

The distance between the adjacent first crosspieces 12 is the same as the distance between the adjacent second crosspieces 22, the first ladder post 11 is provided with a first fixing hole 113 matched with a second fixing screw 216, the position of the first fixing hole 113 corresponds to the position of the first crosspiece 12, the second ladder post 21 is provided with a second fixing hole 217 matched with the first fixing screw 112, and the position of the second fixing hole 217 corresponds to the position of the second crosspiece 22. The distance between the adjacent first crosspieces 12 is the same as the distance between the adjacent second crosspieces 22, the positions of the first fixing holes 113 correspond to the positions of the first crosspieces 12, and the positions of the second fixing holes 217 correspond to the positions of the second crosspieces 22, so that the overall structure is more consistent and reasonable.

The first rail 114 is also provided on the front side of the first ladder column 11, and the second rail 218 is also provided on the front side of the second ladder column 21. The first handrail 114 and the second handrail 218 facilitate the support of the evacuee when the evacuee ascends the ladder, enhancing the safety of the ladder. It is apparent that the first handrail 114 is positioned at the rear side of the second rung 22.

The first handrail 114 and the second handrail 218 are uniformly provided with the anti-slip columns 7, the anti-slip columns 7 are arranged at the rear side of the first handrail 114 or the second handrail 218, and an included angle between the anti-slip columns 7 and the first handrail 114 or the second handrail 218 is an acute angle or a right angle. The anti-slip column 7 is convenient for the evacuee to grasp when climbing a ladder, and can effectively prevent the hand from falling off from the first handrail 114 or the second handrail 218; meanwhile, the anti-slip column 7 can also be used in cooperation with a fire safety buckle, and the included angle between the anti-slip column 7 and the first handrail 114 or the second handrail 218 is an acute angle or a right angle, so that the fire safety buckle can be effectively prevented from slipping off, the escape personnel can be effectively prevented from falling off, and the safety performance of the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is enhanced.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the ladder is used, the first ladder post 11 and the second ladder post 21 are fixedly connected through the first fixing screw 112 and the second fixing screw 216; when the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is used in cooperation with a small-depth foundation pit and the length of the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder needs to be shortened, the first fixing screw 112 and the second fixing screw 216 are disassembled, so that the first ladder unit 1 and the second ladder unit 2 are in sliding fit with the sliding groove 211 through the slide strip 111 until the whole length is matched with the depth of the foundation pit, at the moment, a part of the lower part of the first ladder unit 1 is overlapped with the upper part of the second ladder unit 2, and therefore the second crosspiece 22 on the overlapped part of the second ladder unit 2 and the first ladder unit 1 needs to be disassembled, the specific process is that the outer end of the movable rod 32 is pulled outwards, the pull plate 322 is separated from the pull plate groove 36 and then the movable rod 32 is rotated, the pull plate 322 is abutted against the outer side wall of the connecting piece 3, at the moment, the spring 33 is in a compressed state, the inner end of the movable rod 32 is separated from the limiting hole 2121, the connecting piece 3 can slide in the limiting groove 212, the second crosspiece 22 can be taken out from the upper end of the second ladder post 21, and then the first fixing screw 112 and the second fixing screw 216 are installed and fixed; when the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is used in cooperation with a large-depth foundation pit and needs to be lengthened, the first fixing screws 112 and the second fixing screws 216 are disassembled, so that the first ladder unit 1 and the second ladder unit 2 are in sliding fit with the sliding grooves 211 through the sliding strips 111 until the whole length is matched with the depth of the foundation pit, at this time, a part of the upper part of the second ladder unit 2 is vacant without the second crosspiece 22, and therefore the second crosspiece 22 needs to be installed at the vacant position, in the specific process, the outer end of the moving rod 32 is pulled outwards, the pull plate 322 is separated from the pull plate groove 36, then the moving rod 32 is rotated, the pull plate 322 is enabled to be abutted against the outer side wall of the connecting piece 3, at this time, the spring 33 is in a compressed state, then the connecting piece 3 is slidably embedded into the limiting groove 212, the connecting piece 3 slides along the protruding strips 2122 through the grooves 37 until the inner end of the moving rod 32 is aligned with the limiting holes 2121, the moving, at this time, due to the elastic force of the spring 33, the pulling plate 322 will be completely retracted into the pulling plate slot 36, and the inner end of the moving rod 32 will be inserted into the limiting hole 2121, so as to fix the second rail 22, and then the first fixing screw 112 and the second fixing screw 216 are installed and fixed, which is very convenient.

Example 2

As shown in the figure, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the rear side of the second ladder post 21 is provided with two fixed plates 4 and is formed with a hinge seat 41, a support assembly 5 is hinged in the hinge seat 41, the support assembly 5 comprises a bracket 51 matched with the hinge seat 41 in a hinged manner and a support bottom plate 52 hinged with the bracket 51, the bracket 51 comprises two hinge arms 511, the support assembly 5 further comprises a hinge shaft 53 used for hinging the bracket 51 and the support bottom plate 52, one end of each hinge arm 511 is hinged in the hinge seat 41, the other end of each hinge arm 511 is hinged with the support bottom plate 52 through the hinge shaft 53, the hinge end of the support bottom plate 52 is positioned between the two hinge arms 511, the fixed plates 4 are provided with fixing bolts 42 used for fixing the support assembly 5 in the hinge seat 41, and mounting holes 54 matched with the fixing bolts 42 are respectively formed in the support bottom plate 52 and the hinge. The support assembly 5 is ingenious in design, the support assembly 5 can fix and support the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder, the stability of the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder can be improved, and the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is effectively prevented from shaking and turning over; when the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is used, the supporting base plate 52 can rotate to be in contact with the ground at the bottom of a foundation pit, the supporting base plate 52 is positioned on the rear side of the second ladder post 21, and therefore a fixing effect can be achieved, the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is prevented from shaking and turning over, compared with the prior art, the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder can be fixed without pre-burying the connecting post 213 and the draw hook in the foundation pit, the mounting operation is improved, a certain included angle can be formed between the support 51 and the second ladder post 21, the support 51 can support the second ladder post 21, and the stability of the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder is further; and supporting component 5 and articulated cooperation of articulated seat 41 can articulate when not using and accomodate in articulated seat 41, and the space volume occupies for a short time, is convenient for lay and remove.

When the supporting assembly 5 is needed to be used, the fixing bolt 42 is firstly detached, the bracket 51 is rotated until the hinged arm 511 contacts the ground with the hinged end of the supporting base plate 52, and then the supporting base plate 52 is rotated to enable the supporting base plate 52 to be supported on the ground and play a role in supporting and fixing the second ladder unit 2; when the support assembly 5 is not needed, the bracket 51 is turned into the hinge seat 41, the support base plate 52 is turned into the bracket 51, and the fixing bolt 42 is aligned with the mounting hole 54 and then is fixedly mounted.

Example 3

As shown in the figure, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 2 in that: the articulated arms 511 are articulated at the lower end of the fixed plate 4, a limit barrier strip 512 is connected between the two articulated arms 511, the limit barrier strip 512 is arranged at one side of the articulated arms 511 far away from the fixed plate 4, the limit barrier strip 512 and the two articulated arms 511 enclose a hinge position 513 matched with the support bottom plate 52, and the support bottom plate 52 is further provided with a through groove 521. The limit barrier strip 512 can effectively prevent the support base plate 52 from being turned out between the two hinge arms 511 during storage, so that the support base plate is convenient to store, after the support base plate 52 is stored, the support base plate 52 is positioned in the hinge position 513, and the end part of the support base plate 52 is abutted against the limit barrier strip 512; the through groove 521 can prevent a plurality of heavy objects from fixing the support bottom plate 52, and further prevent the anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder from shaking or turning on one side.

Example 4

As shown in the figure, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that: base 6 is installed to the bottom of second ladder post 21, the bottom of base 6 is provided with slipmat 61, the lower extreme of second ladder post 21 is provided with spliced pole 213 and bulb 214, set up mounting groove 62 on base 6 and with bulb 214 complex spherical groove 63, mounting groove 62 and spherical groove 63 intercommunication, bulb 214 passes mounting groove 62 and pegs graft in spherical groove 63, the cooperation has stop collar 215 on the spliced pole 213, stop collar 215 cover is established on spliced pole 213, stop collar 215's lower extreme is installed in mounting groove 62 and is spacing to bulb 214. The anti-skid pad 61 can effectively prevent the bottom of the second ladder column 21 from sliding; obviously, a movement margin is formed between the lower end of the limiting sleeve 215 and the mounting groove 62, so that the connecting column 213 can rotate along with the ball, the limiting sleeve 215 can prevent the ball head 214 from coming off from the spherical groove 63, the ball head 214 and the spherical groove 63 are matched to form a spherical hinge structure, when the ground at the bottom of the foundation pit inclines, the second ladder post 21 can rotate with the base 6 through the spherical hinge structure, so that the second ladder post is convenient to adapt to the ground with uneven height, and the stability of the whole structure is improved.

Claims

1. Anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder, including first ladder unit (1) and second ladder unit (2) of dismantling the connection, first ladder unit (1) is including two first terraces (11) of parallel arrangement and first crosspiece (12) of setting between two first terraces (11), and first ladder unit (1) is including two second terraces (21) of parallel arrangement and second crosspiece (22) of setting between two second terraces (21), its characterized in that: the cross sections of the first crosspiece (12) and the second crosspiece (22) are rectangular, the two first ladder posts (11) are positioned between the two second ladder posts (21), one sides, close to the second ladder posts (21), of the first ladder posts (11) are provided with sliding strips (111), sliding grooves (211) matched with the sliding strips (111) are formed in the second ladder posts (21), the first ladder posts (11) and the second ladder posts (21) are matched with the sliding grooves (211) through the sliding strips (111) to achieve sliding connection, the first crosspiece (12) is fixedly connected with the first ladder posts (11), the end portions of the second crosspiece (22) are provided with connecting pieces (3), the second crosspiece (22) is detachably connected with the second ladder posts (21) through the connecting pieces (3), a limiting groove (212) is formed in the front side of the second ladder posts (21), the connecting pieces (3) are embedded in the limiting groove (212) in a sliding mode, a mounting cavity (31) is formed in the connecting pieces (3), install carriage release lever (32) and spring (33) in installation cavity (31), be provided with on carriage release lever (32) with spring (33) complex retaining ring (321), the one end of spring (33) is contradicted with the preceding lateral wall of installation cavity (31), the other end and retaining ring (321) of spring (33) are contradicted, still set up preceding through-hole (34) and back through-hole (35) with installation cavity (31) intercommunication in connecting piece (3), carriage release lever (32) are through preceding through-hole (34) and back through-hole (35) through-connection spare (3), spacing hole (2121) have evenly been seted up to the tank bottom of spacing groove (212), when spring (33) were in the extended state, peg graft in spacing hole (2121) after through-hole (35) after the inner of carriage release lever (32) worn out.

2. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder of claim 1, wherein: the outer end of the moving rod (32) penetrates through the front through hole (34) and then is connected with the pulling plate (322), a pulling plate groove (36) is formed in the front side wall of the connecting piece (3), the front through hole (34) is formed in the pulling plate groove (36), when the pulling plate (322) is completely located in the pulling plate groove (36), the spring (33) is in an extending state, the inner end of the moving rod (32) is inserted into the limiting hole (2121), when the pulling plate (322) is completely separated from the pulling plate groove (36), the spring (33) is in a compressing state, and the inner end of the moving rod (32) is separated from the limiting hole (2121).

3. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder of claim 1, wherein: the limiting groove (212) is a trapezoidal groove, a raised line (2122) is arranged at the bottom of the limiting groove (212), a limiting hole (2121) is formed in the raised line (2122), a groove (37) matched with the raised line (2122) is formed in the connecting piece (3), and the rear through hole (35) is formed in the groove (37).

4. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder of claim 1, wherein: two fixed plates (4) are arranged on the rear side of the second ladder post (21) and are provided with hinge seats (41), a support assembly (5) is hinged in each hinge seat (41), each support assembly (5) comprises a support (51) in hinge fit with each hinge seat (41) and a support base plate (52) hinged with each support (51), each support (51) comprises two hinge arms (511), each support assembly (5) further comprises a hinge shaft (53) used for hinging each support (51) and each support base plate (52), one end of each hinge arm (511) is hinged in each hinge seat (41), the other end of each hinge arm (511) is hinged with each support base plate (52) through the hinge shaft (53), the hinge end of each support base plate (52) is located between the two hinge arms (511), each fixed plate (4) is provided with a fixed bolt (42) used for fixing each support assembly (5) in each hinge seat (41), the supporting base plate (52) and the hinged arm (511) are both provided with mounting holes (54) matched with the fixing bolts (42).

5. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder of claim 4, wherein: articulated arm (511) articulates the lower extreme at fixed plate (4), is connected with spacing blend stop (512) between two articulated arms (511), and spacing blend stop (512) set up in articulated arm (511) one side of keeping away from fixed plate (4), and spacing blend stop (512) and two articulated arm (511) enclose establish into with support floor (52) complex articulated position (513), have still seted up logical groove (521) on support floor (52).

6. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder of claim 1, wherein: base (6) are installed to the bottom of second ladder post (21), the bottom of base (6) is provided with slipmat (61), the lower extreme of second ladder post (21) is provided with spliced pole (213) and bulb (214), set up mounting groove (62) on base (6) and with bulb (214) complex spherical groove (63), mounting groove (62) and spherical groove (63) intercommunication, bulb (214) pass mounting groove (62) and peg graft in spherical groove (63), the cooperation has stop collar (215) on spliced pole (213), stop collar (215) cover is established on spliced pole (213), the lower extreme of stop collar (215) is installed in mounting groove (62) and is spacing to bulb (214).

7. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder of claim 1, wherein: the lower extreme of first ladder post (11) is provided with first set screw (112) that are used for connecting second ladder post (21), and first set screw (112) set up in one side that second ladder post (21) were kept away from in first ladder post (11), and the upper end of second ladder post (21) is provided with second set screw (216) that are used for connecting first ladder post (11), and second set screw (216) set up in one side that first ladder post (11) were kept away from in second ladder post (21).

8. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder of claim 7, wherein: the distance between adjacent first crosspiece (12) is the same with the distance between adjacent second crosspiece (22), seted up on first ladder post (11) with second fixing screw (216) complex first fixed orifices (113), the position of first fixed orifices (113) corresponds with the position of first crosspiece (12), seted up on second ladder post (21) with first fixing screw (112) complex second fixed orifices (217), the position of second fixed orifices (217) corresponds with the position of second crosspiece (22).

9. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder of claim 1, wherein: the front side of the first ladder post (11) is also provided with a first handrail (114), and the front side of the second ladder post (21) is also provided with a second handrail (218).

10. The anti-falling foundation pit escape ladder of claim 9, wherein: anti-slip columns (7) are uniformly arranged on the first handrail (114) and the second handrail (218), the anti-slip columns (7) are arranged on the rear side of the first handrail (114) or the rear side of the second handrail (218), and an included angle between each anti-slip column (7) and the first handrail (114) or the second handrail (218) is an acute angle or a right angle.