CN111593566A - 一种可降解的功能性湿巾及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可降解的功能性湿巾,包括湿巾基材和浸润液,所述湿巾基材由改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维制成,将改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维按照质量比1.5:1:2混合后在清梳联合设备上开松、除杂、成网后在非织造布针刺小样机上,制成面密度为0.1kg/m2的非织造布,得到湿巾基材;润湿液由如下重量份原料制成:改性壳聚糖3‑4份、迷迭香精油0.8‑1份、薄荷精油1‑1.2份、聚甘油酯2‑3份、纯净水70‑80份。本发明的湿巾包括湿巾基材和浸润液,湿巾基材为改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维混制成的无纺布,原料均环保、易降解,制得的湿巾不仅环保易降解,而且具有抗菌、止痒、提神等功能性效果,具有广泛的应用空间。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于日用品技术领域,具体地,涉及一种可降解的功能性湿巾及其制备方法。
背景技术
湿巾是选用湿强柔纤高渗透性基材,经折叠、加湿、包装制成一次性清洁卫生用品,具有清洁、保湿皮肤的基本功能以及便于携带等特点,成为人们日常生活中必不可少的清洁用品。湿纸巾一般是由基材和药液两部分组成,其中基材湿强纸或水刺无纺布,药液基础配方包含水、保湿剂、防腐剂以及非离子表面活性剂。制备方法为将基材放入药液中浸泡,然后取出基材密封包装即得所述的湿纸巾。为了追求使用的便利性,湿巾一般都是一次性用品,丢弃的湿巾如若采用涤纶、聚丙烯等材料制成,难以降解,给环境造成巨大的压力。
专利号为CN201110200163.0的中国发米专利公开了一种完全可冲散可生物降解的非织造布湿巾及其生产方法,该非织造布湿巾,包括湿巾配液和浸泡在湿巾配液中的非织造布,所述的非织造布由100%可生物降解纤维原料制成的纤维网通过可钝化水溶性胶粘合而成,湿巾配液中按重量比含有1-10%的钝化物。该湿巾虽然具备生物可降解性能,但其在力学强度和抗菌性上仍有所欠缺,降低了湿巾的使用性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可降解的功能性湿巾及其制备方法,该湿巾包括湿巾基材和浸润液,湿巾基材为改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维混制成的无纺布,原料均环保、易降解,该无纺布含有较多量的竹浆纤维和棉纤维,具有棉质特性,具有舒服、柔软的手感;此外,采用改性聚酯纤维作为原料之一,使湿巾基材自身具备良好的抑菌性能;采用的浸润液中包含有改性壳聚糖、迷迭香精油和薄荷精油等有效成分,壳聚糖经过改性后具有更优的抗菌性能,且天然无毒,精油的加入使无纺布具备止痒、提神等功效;本发明制得的湿巾不仅环保易降解,而且具有抗菌、止痒、提神等功能性效果,具有广泛的应用空间。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种可降解的功能性湿巾,包括湿巾基材和浸润液,所述湿巾基材由改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维制成,将改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维按照质量比1.5:1:2混合后在清梳联合设备上开松、除杂、成网后在非织造布针刺小样机上,制成面密度为0.1kg/m2的非织造布,得到湿巾基材;
润湿液由如下重量份原料制成:改性壳聚糖3-4份、迷迭香精油0.8-1份、薄荷精油1-1.2份、聚甘油酯2-3份、纯净水70-80份;
将迷迭香精油、薄荷精油和聚甘油酯一同加入至纯净水中,搅拌25-30min,再加入改性壳聚糖,继续搅拌30-40min,得到润湿液。
进一步地,所述改性聚酯纤维由如下方法制备:
S1、将丁二酸和2,6-吡啶二羧酸以及催化剂钛酸四丁酯加入四口烧瓶中,缓慢通入N2,升温至160℃,并在此温度下搅拌反应,当排出水的体积大于理论值的80%时,停止反应,得到酯化物;
S2、将聚丁二酸丁二醇酯和上述酯化物按照3:1的摩尔比加入至四口烧瓶中,缓慢通入N2,并升温至200℃进行预缩聚反应,真空度控制在800-1000Pa,反应40min后再升温至220℃进行终缩聚反应,真空度控制在50Pa以内,反应100-120min,得到共聚酯;
S3、在三口烧瓶中分别加入上述制备的共聚酯和三氯甲烷,室温条件下搅拌使其完全溶解,然后加入溴代丁烷,升至70-72℃冷凝回流,并在此温度下反应10-12h,反应结束后用过量甲醇淬灭反应,抽滤并收集产物,干燥,得到改性聚酯,将改性聚酯通过纺丝工艺纺制成纤维,得到改性聚酯纤维。
进一步地,步骤S1中丁二酸和2,6-吡啶二羧酸的物质的量之比为1.1:1;钛酸四丁酯的加入量为体系质量2%。
进一步地,步骤S3中共聚酯和三氯甲烷的用量比为1g:10mL,溴化丁烷的加入量为体系质量的15-18%。
进一步地,所述改性壳聚糖由如下方法制备:
1)将壳聚糖加入甲酸中,搅拌溶解完全,再加入质量分数为35%的甲醛溶液和去离子水,边搅拌边升温,于70-75℃下反应4-5d,反应结束后,用质量分数为45%的NaOH溶液调节体系pH值至12,抽滤,水洗至中性,真空干燥,得中间产物;
2)将中间产物溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,再加入碘甲烷,于40-45℃恒温条件下反应110-120h,反应结束后,将产物倒入乙醇/乙醚的混合溶剂中,沉淀,洗涤,分别用质量分数为1%的NaCl溶液和水透析,冷冻干燥,得改性壳聚糖。
进一步地,步骤1)中壳聚糖、甲酸、甲醛溶液和去离子的用量之比为1g:3mL:10mL:15mL。
进一步地,步骤2)中中间产物、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、碘甲烷、混合溶剂的用量之比为1g:50mL:8mL:70mL。
一种可降解的功能性湿巾制备方法,具体步骤如下:
将湿巾基材完全浸没在浸润液中,升高温度,于60-65℃下浸泡80-90min,静置冷却至室温后,取出,得到湿巾。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的湿巾包括湿巾基材和浸润液,湿巾基材为改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维混制成的无纺布,原料均环保、易降解,并且该无纺布含有较多量的竹浆纤维和棉纤维,具有棉质特性,具有舒服、柔软的手感;此外,采用改性聚酯纤维作为原料之一,2,6-吡啶二羧酸与丁二酸发生酯化反应,形成酯化物,酯化物与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯发生共聚反应,得到共聚酯;该共聚酯采用的原料均为易于降解的单体,因此,得到的的改性聚酯纤维具有可降解功能;此外,在共聚酯分子链中引入了2,6-吡啶二羧酸分子,该分子上含有的-N=基团与溴代丁烷发生烷基化反应,生成季铵盐化合物,季铵盐化合物具有抗菌效果好、稳定性强,且环保、无害,使得到的改性聚酯纤维具备抗菌性能,并且该季铵盐是通过化学键合的方式接枝于聚酯分子链上的,因此,具有良好的耐溶剂和耐迁移性,使聚酯纤维具有持久的抗菌性能;共聚酯在共聚的过程中,在主链上引入了支化链段,支化链段的增加能够使聚酯的结晶度降低,聚酯分子链段的柔籾性增加,从而得到的改性聚酯纤维还具有良好的韧性;使得到的湿巾基材本身具备舒服、柔软的手感、抗菌性能和韧性;
本发明的浸润液中包含有改性壳聚糖、迷迭香精油和薄荷精油等有效成分,壳聚糖经过改性后,得到的改性壳聚糖分子上含有季铵盐化合物,壳聚糖分子本身是具有天然抗菌功能的,通过季铵盐化改性,能够进一步增强壳聚糖的抗菌效果;浸润液中包含有改性壳聚糖,改性壳聚糖能够通过大分子间作用力和静电力与棉织物结合,在棉织物表面形成一层保护膜,不仅能够提高湿巾的抗菌性能,而且形成的保护膜能够在一定程度上提高湿巾的断裂强力;加入的薄荷精油和迷迭香精油均具有提神醒脑、抗菌、消炎、抗病毒等诸多作用,进而使得湿巾还具备止痒、提神等功效;
本发明的湿巾包括湿巾基材和浸润液,湿巾基材为改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维混制成的无纺布,原料均环保、易降解,该无纺布含有较多量的竹浆纤维和棉纤维,具有棉质特性,具有舒服、柔软的手感;此外,采用改性聚酯纤维作为原料之一,使湿巾基材自身具备良好的抑菌性能;采用的浸润液中包含有改性壳聚糖、迷迭香精油和薄荷精油等有效成分,壳聚糖经过改性后具有更优的抗菌性能,且天然无毒,精油的加入使无纺布具备止痒、提神等功效;本发明制得的湿巾不仅环保易降解,而且具有抗菌、止痒、提神等功能性效果,具有广泛的应用空间。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种可降解的功能性湿巾,包括湿巾基材和浸润液;
其中,湿巾基材由改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维制成,将改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维按照质量比1.5:1:2混合后在清梳联合设备上开松、除杂、成网后在非织造布针刺小样机上,制成面密度为0.1kg/m2的非织造布,得到湿巾基材;
改性聚酯纤维由如下方法制备:
S1、将丁二酸和2,6-吡啶二羧酸以及催化剂钛酸四丁酯加入四口烧瓶中,缓慢通入N2,升温至160℃,并在此温度下搅拌反应,当排出水的体积大于理论值的80%时,停止反应,得到酯化物;
其中,丁二酸和2,6-吡啶二羧酸的物质的量之比为1.1:1;钛酸四丁酯的加入量为体系质量2%;
S2、将聚丁二酸丁二醇酯和上述酯化物按照3:1的摩尔比加入至四口烧瓶中,缓慢通入N2,并升温至200℃进行预缩聚反应,真空度控制在800-1000Pa,反应40min后再升温至220℃进行终缩聚反应,真空度控制在50Pa以内,反应100-120min,得到共聚酯;
S3、在三口烧瓶中分别加入上述制备的共聚酯和三氯甲烷,室温条件下搅拌使其完全溶解,然后加入溴代丁烷,升至70-72℃冷凝回流,并在此温度下反应10-12h,反应结束后用过量甲醇淬灭反应,抽滤并收集产物,干燥,得到改性聚酯,将改性聚酯通过纺丝工艺纺制成纤维,得到改性聚酯纤维;
其中,共聚酯和三氯甲烷的用量比为1g:10mL,溴化丁烷的加入量为体系质量的15-18%;
2,6-吡啶二羧酸与丁二酸发生酯化反应,形成酯化物,酯化物与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯发生共聚反应,得到共聚酯;该共聚酯采用的原料均为易于降解的单体,因此,得到的的改性聚酯纤维具有可降解功能;此外,在共聚酯分子链中引入了2,6-吡啶二羧酸分子,该分子上含有的-N=基团与溴代丁烷发生烷基化反应,生成季铵盐化合物,季铵盐化合物具有抗菌效果好、稳定性强,且环保、无害,使得到的改性聚酯纤维具备抗菌性能,并且该季铵盐是通过化学键合的方式接枝于聚酯分子链上的,因此,具有良好的耐溶剂和耐迁移性,使聚酯纤维具有持久的抗菌性能;共聚酯在共聚的过程中,在主链上引入了支化链段,支化链段的增加能够使聚酯的结晶度降低,聚酯分子链段的柔籾性增加,从而得到的改性聚酯纤维还具有良好的韧性;
润湿液由如下重量份原料制成:改性壳聚糖3-4份、迷迭香精油0.8-1份、薄荷精油1-1.2份、聚甘油酯2-3份、纯净水70-80份;
将迷迭香精油、薄荷精油和聚甘油酯一同加入至纯净水中,搅拌25-30min,再加入改性壳聚糖,继续搅拌30-40min,得到润湿液;
改性壳聚糖由如下方法制备:
1)将壳聚糖加入甲酸中,搅拌溶解完全,再加入质量分数为35%的甲醛溶液和去离子水,边搅拌边升温,于70-75℃下反应4-5d,反应结束后,用质量分数为45%的NaOH溶液调节体系pH值至12,抽滤,水洗至中性,真空干燥,得中间产物;
其中,壳聚糖、甲酸、甲醛溶液和去离子的用量之比为1g:3mL:10mL:15mL;壳聚糖上的氨基在甲醛和甲酸的作用下,使N原子上连接两个甲基,得到中间体;
2)将中间产物溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,再加入碘甲烷,于40-45℃恒温条件下反应110-120h,反应结束后,将产物倒入乙醇/乙醚的混合溶剂(乙醇和乙醚的体积比为1:1)中,沉淀,洗涤,分别用质量分数为1%的NaCl溶液和水透析,冷冻干燥,得改性壳聚糖;
其中,中间产物、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、碘甲烷、混合溶剂的用量之比为1g:50mL:8mL:70mL;中间体分子上N原子在NaCl作用下,与碘甲烷发生氮烷基化反应,生成季铵盐结构,因此,得到的改性壳聚糖分子上含有季铵盐化合物,壳聚糖分子本身是具有天然抗菌功能的,通过季铵盐化改性,能够进一步增强壳聚糖的抗菌效果;浸润液中包含有改性壳聚糖,改性壳聚糖能够通过大分子间作用力和静电力与棉织物结合,在棉织物表面形成一层保护膜,不仅能够提高湿巾的抗菌性能,而且形成的保护膜能够在一定程度上提高湿巾的断裂强力;
加入的薄荷精油和迷迭香精油均具有提神醒脑、抗菌、消炎、抗病毒等诸多作用,进而使得湿巾还具备止痒、提神等功效;
该湿巾的制备方法如下:
将湿巾基材完全浸没在浸润液中,升高温度,于60-65℃下浸泡80-90min,静置冷却至室温后,取出,得到湿巾。
实施例1
一种可降解的功能性湿巾,包括湿巾基材和浸润液,所述湿巾基材由改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维制成,将改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维按照质量比1.5:1:2混合后在清梳联合设备上开松、除杂、成网后在非织造布针刺小样机上,制成面密度为0.1kg/m2的非织造布,得到湿巾基材;
润湿液由如下重量份原料制成:改性壳聚糖3份、迷迭香精油0.8份、薄荷精油1份、聚甘油酯2份、纯净水70份;
将迷迭香精油、薄荷精油和聚甘油酯一同加入至纯净水中,搅拌25min,再加入改性壳聚糖,继续搅拌30min,得到润湿液;
该湿巾由如下方法制备:
将湿巾基材完全浸没在浸润液中,升高温度,于60℃下浸泡90min,静置冷却至室温后,取出,得到湿巾。
实施例2
一种可降解的功能性湿巾,包括湿巾基材和浸润液,所述湿巾基材由改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维制成,将改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维按照质量比1.5:1:2混合后在清梳联合设备上开松、除杂、成网后在非织造布针刺小样机上,制成面密度为0.1kg/m2的非织造布,得到湿巾基材;
润湿液由如下重量份原料制成:改性壳聚糖3.5份、迷迭香精油0.9份、薄荷精油1.1份、聚甘油酯2.5份、纯净水75份;
将迷迭香精油、薄荷精油和聚甘油酯一同加入至纯净水中,搅拌25-30min,再加入改性壳聚糖,继续搅拌30-40min,得到润湿液;
该湿巾由如下方法制备:
将湿巾基材完全浸没在浸润液中,升高温度,于63℃下浸泡85min,静置冷却至室温后,取出,得到湿巾。
实施例3
一种可降解的功能性湿巾,包括湿巾基材和浸润液,所述湿巾基材由改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维制成,将改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维按照质量比1.5:1:2混合后在清梳联合设备上开松、除杂、成网后在非织造布针刺小样机上,制成面密度为0.1kg/m2的非织造布,得到湿巾基材;
润湿液由如下重量份原料制成:改性壳聚糖4份、迷迭香精油1份、薄荷精油1.2份、聚甘油酯3份、纯净水80份;
将迷迭香精油、薄荷精油和聚甘油酯一同加入至纯净水中,搅拌30min,再加入改性壳聚糖,继续搅拌40min,得到润湿液;
该湿巾由如下方法制备:
将湿巾基材完全浸没在浸润液中,升高温度,于65℃下浸泡80min,静置冷却至室温后,取出,得到湿巾。
对比例1
将实施例1中的改性聚酯纤维换成普通聚酯纤维,其余原料及制备过程不变。
对比例2
将实施例1中的改性壳聚糖换成普通壳聚糖,其余原料及制备过程不变。
对比例3
按照CN201110200163.0申请中的方法制得的湿巾。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制得的湿巾进行如下性能测试:测试湿巾的断裂强力;通过载体定量杀灭试验和现场消毒试验对湿巾的杀菌效果进行实验室评价,分别测试作用时间为5min、10min时对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率;通过土掩埋实验,测试湿巾的降解情况(通过降解率表示,降解率为减少的质量与初始质量之比),测试结果如下表所示:
由上表可知,实施例1-3制得的湿巾5min作用时,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为97.9-98.2%、97.6-98.0%,10min作用时对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为99.9-100%、99.7-100%,说明本发明制得的湿巾具备良好的抗菌性能;由上表可知,实施例1-3制得的湿巾的断裂强力为151.5-153.2N,说明本发明制得的湿巾具有较高的韧性;由上表可知,实施例1-3制得的湿巾30d、60d的土壤掩埋降解率分别为52.5-53.8%、80.3-80.6%,说明本发明制得的湿巾具有良好的可生物降解性能;结合对比例1,说明本发明采用的聚酯纤维经过改性后,不仅能够赋予湿巾基材抗菌性能,而且能够提高基材的韧性;相较于对比例2,说明壳聚糖经过改性后,能够提高其抑菌效果,进而提升整个湿巾的抗菌性能。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节,也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然,根据本说明书的内容,可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例,是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用,从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。
Claims (8)
1.一种可降解的功能性湿巾,包括湿巾基材和浸润液,其特征在于,所述湿巾基材由改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维制成,将改性聚酯纤维、竹浆纤维和棉纤维按照质量比1.5:1:2混合后在清梳联合设备上开松、除杂、成网后在非织造布针刺小样机上,制成面密度为0.1kg/m2的非织造布,得到湿巾基材;
润湿液由如下重量份原料制成:改性壳聚糖3-4份、迷迭香精油0.8-1份、薄荷精油1-1.2份、聚甘油酯2-3份、纯净水70-80份;
将迷迭香精油、薄荷精油和聚甘油酯一同加入至纯净水中,搅拌25-30min,再加入改性壳聚糖,继续搅拌30-40min,得到润湿液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解的功能性湿巾,其特征在于,所述改性聚酯纤维由如下方法制备:
S1、将丁二酸和2,6-吡啶二羧酸以及催化剂钛酸四丁酯加入四口烧瓶中,缓慢通入N2,升温至160℃,并在此温度下搅拌反应,当排出水的体积大于理论值的80%时,停止反应,得到酯化物;
S2、将聚丁二酸丁二醇酯和上述酯化物按照3:1的摩尔比加入至四口烧瓶中,缓慢通入N2,并升温至200℃进行预缩聚反应,真空度控制在800-1000Pa,反应40min后再升温至220℃进行终缩聚反应,真空度控制在50Pa以内,反应100-120min,得到共聚酯;
S3、在三口烧瓶中分别加入上述制备的共聚酯和三氯甲烷,室温条件下搅拌使其完全溶解,然后加入溴代丁烷,升至70-72℃冷凝回流,并在此温度下反应10-12h,反应结束后用过量甲醇淬灭反应,抽滤并收集产物,干燥,得到改性聚酯,将改性聚酯通过纺丝工艺纺制成纤维,得到改性聚酯纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种可降解的功能性湿巾,其特征在于,步骤S1中丁二酸和2,6-吡啶二羧酸的物质的量之比为1.1:1;钛酸四丁酯的加入量为体系质量2%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种可降解的功能性湿巾,其特征在于,步骤S3中共聚酯和三氯甲烷的用量比为1g:10mL,溴化丁烷的加入量为体系质量的15-18%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解的功能性湿巾,其特征在于,所述改性壳聚糖由如下方法制备:
1)将壳聚糖加入甲酸中,搅拌溶解完全,再加入质量分数为35%的甲醛溶液和去离子水,边搅拌边升温,于70-75℃下反应4-5d,反应结束后,用质量分数为45%的NaOH溶液调节体系pH值至12,抽滤,水洗至中性,真空干燥,得中间产物;
2)将中间产物溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,再加入碘甲烷,于40-45℃恒温条件下反应110-120h,反应结束后,将产物倒入乙醇/乙醚的混合溶剂中,沉淀,洗涤,分别用质量分数为1%的NaCl溶液和水透析,冷冻干燥,得改性壳聚糖。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种可降解的功能性湿巾,其特征在于,步骤1)中壳聚糖、甲酸、甲醛溶液和去离子的用量之比为1g:3mL:10mL:15mL。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种可降解的功能性湿巾,其特征在于,步骤2)中中间产物、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、碘甲烷、混合溶剂的用量之比为1g:50mL:8mL:70mL。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解的功能性湿巾制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
将湿巾基材完全浸没在浸润液中,升高温度,于60-65℃下浸泡80-90min,静置冷却至室温后,取出,得到湿巾。
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