CN111591123B - 动力设备以及用于运行动力设备的方法 - Google Patents

动力设备以及用于运行动力设备的方法 Download PDF

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CN111591123B
CN111591123B CN202010105008.XA CN202010105008A CN111591123B CN 111591123 B CN111591123 B CN 111591123B CN 202010105008 A CN202010105008 A CN 202010105008A CN 111591123 B CN111591123 B CN 111591123B
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intermediate circuit
electrically connected
electric machine
motor
power plant
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CN111591123A (zh
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M·哈特曼
S·迈瓦尔德
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/34—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using Ward-Leonard arrangements
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种动力设备(1)，其具有能作为发电机运行的第一电机(4)和能作为马达运行的第二电机(8)，该第一电机和第二电机彼此电连接，从而第二电机(8)能通过由第一电机(4)提供的电能运行，其中，用于中间存储电能的蓄能器(10)电连接至第一电机(4)和第二电机(8)。在此提出，第一电机(4)和第二电机(8)通过中间电路(7)直接地彼此电连接，其中，蓄能器(10)通过切换装置(12)既直接地、又间接地通过变压器(11)电连接至中间电路(7)。本发明还涉及一种用于运行动力设备(1)的方法。

Description

动力设备以及用于运行动力设备的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种动力设备，该动力设备具有可以作为发电机运行的第一电机和可以作为马达运行的第二电机，该第一电机和第二电机彼此电连接，从而可以利用由第一电机提供的电能来运行第二电机，其中，用于中间存储电能的蓄能器电连接至第一电机和第二电机。本发明还涉及一种用于运行动力设备的方法。
背景技术
例如，从现有技术中已知文献WO 2015/079238 A2。该文献描述了一种混合动力车辆，其具有运行用于驱动车辆的装置的电池、具有马达/发电机轴的马达/发电机、以及具有输出轴的内燃机。输出轴通过单向离合器与马达/发电机轴连接。单向离合器被布置成允许马达/发电机比输出轴转动得更快，但是防止输出轴比马达/发电机轴旋转得更快。混合动力车辆具有一个或多个与马达/发电机轴直接连接的附件设备，因此当马达/发电机轴转动时，一个或多个附件设备被驱动。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种动力设备，其具有优于已知动力设备的优点，特别是确保了动力设备的高灵活性和高效率。
根据本发明，上述目的通过具有根据本发明的动力设备来实现。在此提出，第一电机和第二电机经由中间电路彼此直接电连接，其中，蓄能器经由切换装置直接地或间接地通过变压器电连接至中间电路。
该动力设备例如用于驱动机动车，就此而言即提供用于驱动机动车的驱动扭矩。因此，动力设备被设置和设计用于机动车或构成机动车的一部分。本发明当然也相应地涉及具有所述动力设备的机动车。
为了提供驱动扭矩，动力设备具有第一电机和第二电机。第一电机被设置和设计为发电机或至少可作为发电机运行。另一方面，第二电机被设置和设计为马达，或者至少可作为马达运行。第一电机可以优选地借助于动力装置来驱动，其中，该动力装置例如以内燃机的形式存在。通过驱动第一电机，该第一电机提供电能，电能至少暂时地用于运行第二电机。就此而言，动力设备的驱动扭矩由第二电机提供。
动力设备例如具有输出轴。第二电机与输出轴耦合，优选刚性地和/或持久地耦合。相反，第一电机在驱动技术或机械方面与输出轴解耦。这意味着，仅第二电机、而非第一电机实际在输出轴上提供动力设备的驱动扭矩。就此，动力设备作为串行动力设备或作为串行混合动力设备存在。
输出轴可以直接地或仅间接地通过变速器、特别是换挡变速器与机动车的至少一个轮轴在驱动技术方面连接。机动车的至少一个被驱动的车轮存在于轮轴上并且在驱动技术方面连接至第二电机或输出轴。第二电机或输出轴优选与轮轴或轮轴的至少一个车轮直接作用连接，即优选刚性地和/或持久地。
然而也可以规定，在驱动技术方面在第二电机或输出轴与轮轴或轮轴的至少一个车轮之间存在变速器、优选换挡变速器。借助于该变速器实现了在第二电机或者说第二电机或输出轴与轮轴或其车轮之间的传动比。换档变速器还允许变换传动比，从而可以从多个可能的传动比中设定所选择的传动比。
第一电机和第二电机通过中间电路彼此电连接。在这种情况下，第一电机和第二电机经由中间电路直接彼此连接，也就使得第一电机直接电连接至第二电机。这意味着，第一电机和第二电机通过连续的电连接部、即中间电路相互连接。
因此，在第一电机与第二电机之间不存在电气或电子构件。特别地，在两个电机之间不设置变压器、蓄能器等。因此，不像在动力设备的其它可能的设计方案中那样，两个电机通过变压器或蓄能器彼此电连接。相反，在第一电机与第二电机之间的直接和间接的连接通过中间电路建立。
在第一电机与第二电机之间在必要时设有分离装置和/或测量装置，该分离装置和/或测量装置可以具有电气和/或电子构件。分离装置用于中断在第一电机与第二电机之间的电连接。例如，该分离装置采用保险丝、接触器等形式。该测量装置例如用于测量在两个电机之间流动的电流的电压和/或电流强度。
为了实现动力设备的灵活运行，蓄能器电连接至中间电路。蓄能器用于中间存储电能，并且即使第一电机处于停止状态或提供比供第二电机的运行所需的电能少的电能，也能够使第二电机运行。蓄能器直接地或通过变压器间接地连接至中间电路，但是在任何情况下都通过切换装置连接至中间电路。
借助于切换装置可选择，在蓄能器和中间电路之间存在直接还是间接的电连接，还是应通过变压器建立。例如，在切换装置的第一切换位置中，蓄能器直接地、而不是通过变压器电连接至中间电路。而在第二切换位置中，蓄能器经由变压器、而不是直接地与中间电路电连接。相应地，借助于切换装置，中间电路既可以直接地被加载蓄能器的电池电压，也可以被加载不同于电池电压的、由变压器提供的转换器电压。
通过动力设备的这种设计方案，一方面可以实现非常高的效率，这是因为可以通过变压器持续地向中间电路供应合适的电压。另一方面，至少暂时地避免了不必要的转换损失，这是因为蓄能器存储可以绕过变压器直接与中间电路电连接。此外，动力设备的所描述的设计方案在蓄能器的设计方案方面、例如在蓄能器中安装的电池单体的数量及其连接方面具有非常高的自由度。
这两个电机也可以被设计成具有限定的电压，因此具有成本和重量优势。最后，借助于动力设备的所描述的构造，可以在任意的充电站处对蓄能器进行充电，而与蓄能器所提供的电压无关。变压器可用于使充电电压适配于电池电压，或反之亦然。
本发明的另一实施方式规定，动力装置在驱动技术方面连接至第一电机以及连接至与第一电机持久耦合的至少一个附件设备。动力装置优选以内燃机的形式存在。可以使用动力装置来驱动第一电机。为此，动力装置在驱动技术方面与第一电机耦合，或者至少能耦合。例如，动力装置在驱动技术方面直接连接至第一电机，或者可替代地，仅通过分离离合器间接连接至第一电机。借助于分离离合器，动力装置可选地与第一电机耦合或解耦。
此外，动力设备具有至少一个附件设备。附件设备可以例如是另一电机、空调压缩机、流体泵、特别是液压泵等的形式。附件设备在驱动技术方面持久地与第一电机耦合，使得如果第一电机运行或被驱动，则附件设备也总是被驱动。当借助于动力装置驱动第一电机时，优选总是驱动附件设备。在这种情况下，附件设备被动力装置驱动。
但是，如果设置上述的分离离合器，则优选地，当分离离合器打开时，也就是说，当第一电机与动力装置解耦时，即通过将第一电机作为马达运行，优选使用存储在蓄能器中的电能，也可以驱动附件设备。这实现动力设备的特别灵活的操作。
本发明的另一种优选的设计方案规定，第一电机和至少一个附件设备通过分离离合器在驱动技术方面连接至动力装置。上文已经说明了这一点。分离离合器在驱动技术方面布置在一方面第一电机和至少一个附件设备与另一方面动力装置之间。当离合器闭合时，第一电机和附件设备在驱动技术方面与动力装置连接。然而，当离合器分离时，第一电机和附件设备在驱动技术方面与动力装置解耦。
然而，不管分离离合器的切换位置如何，第一电机和至少一个附件设备在驱动技术方面彼此连接，即刚性地和持久地彼此连接。原则上可以任意地在第一电机和附件设备之间建立驱动连接。例如，该驱动连接通过牵引传动机构、例如力锁合或形锁合的牵引传动机构实现。另选地，也可以设置齿轮传动装置等。动力设备的所描述的构造实现了至少一个附件设备的灵活和有效的运行。
本发明的一个改进方案提出，蓄能器的第一极在切换装置的第一切换位置中直接地与中间电路的第一极电连接，并在切换装置的第二切换位置中间接地通过变压器与中间电路的第一极电连接。蓄能器的第一极和中间电路的第一极分别描述第一电压电平。例如，第一极设置为正极。但是，也可以设置为负极。
但是在任何情况下都规定，在第一切换位置中，蓄能器的第一极直接并绕过变压器与中间电路的第一极电连接。然而，在第二切换位置中，蓄能器的第一极仅通过变压器间接地——即非直接地——与中间电路的第一极连接。由此可以将蓄能器直接地或通过变压器与中间电路连接，由此实现已经说明的优点。
本发明的另一优选的设计方案规定，切换装置具有第一开关和第二开关，其中，蓄能器的第一极通过第一开关直接地电连接至中间电路，并通过第二开关间接地经由变压器电连接至中间电路。也就通过适当地设置两个开关，可以直接地或通过变压器将蓄能器连接到中间电路上。
优选地，两个开关中的仅一个总是闭合的，而开关中的另一个是断开的。就此而言借助于切换装置防止了，蓄能器直接地或经由变压器电连接至中间电路。第一开关电连接在蓄能器的第一极与中间电路或其第一极之间。而第二开关电连接在变压器与中间电路之间。由此实现动力设备的特别灵活的运行。
最后，在本发明的另一设计方案的范围内可以规定，蓄能器的第二极通过变压器持久地与中间电路的第二极电连接。第二极分别具有与第一极不同的电压水平。例如，第二极被设计为电接地端或负极或正极。如果第一极设为正极，则第二极优选为负极，或相反。在任何情况下，在第二极之间的电连接通过变压器实现。但是，优选地，第二极通过变压器直接彼此连接，从而仅在变压器中两极之间的电连接构成回路。这意味着在变压器中两个第二极之间不存在电气构件或电子构件。由此实现上述的高效率。
本发明还涉及一种用于运行动力设备、特别是根据在本说明书中的描述的动力设备的方法，其中，该动力设备具有可以作为发电机运行的第一电机和可以作为马达运行的第二电机，该第一电机与第二电机彼此电连接，从而第二电机可以利用由第一电机提供的电能运行，其中，用于中间存储电能的蓄能器电连接至第一电机和第二电机。
在此提出，第一电机和第二电机通过中间电路直接地彼此电连接，其中，蓄能器通过切换装置既能直接地电连接至中间电路、又能间接地通过变压器电连接至中间电路，对于包括多个切换位置的切换装置选择一个切换位置并将其设定在切换装置上。
已经指出了动力设备的这种设计方案或这种方式的优点。动力设备及其操作方法都可以根据本说明书范围内的实施方式进一步改进，从而可以参考这些实施方式。
本发明的改进方案规定，在中间电路中的中间电路电压小于或等于额定电压的情况下，切换位置被这样选择，使得蓄能器直接地与中间电路电连接。在该切换位置中，中间电路中的电压由蓄能器的电池电压支持。因为绕过变压器，所以实现了特别高的效率。额定电压也可以称为参考电压。例如，该额定电压被一次性地规定，因此是恒定的。
本发明的另一优选的实施方式规定，在中间电路中的中间电路电压大于额定电压的情况下，切换位置被这样选择，使得蓄能器通过变压器与中间电路电连接。为此，电池电压通过变压器降低，特别是降低到额定电压。由此，中间电路中的电压、即中间电路电压以特别有效的方式被调整。
最后，在本发明的另一设计方案的范围内可以规定，根据以下参量中的至少一个确定所述额定电压：动力设备的工作点、第一电机的工作点、第二电机的工作点、流过中间电路的电流的电流强度以及用于对蓄能器充电的电流的电流强度和/或电压。例如，由工作点中的一个或多个工作点借助于损耗特性曲线族确定额定电压。在此，选择额定电压，使得动力设备的效率整体最佳。工作点中的至少一个工作点、优选多个或所有工作点，用作损耗特征曲线族的输入参量。
附加地或另选地，变压器的工作点、蓄能器的状态参量和/或切换装置的状态参量可以用作输入参量。附加地或另选地，在确定额定电压时可以考虑中间电路中的电流的电流强度。这附加地或另选地适用于给蓄能器充电所使用的电流的电压，该电压也可以称为充电电压。原则上将工作点理解为例如电流的电压和/或电流强度。
附图说明
下面根据在附图中所示的实施例更详细地解释本发明，而不限制本发明。在此，
唯一的附图图1示出尤其是用于机动车的动力设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出动力设备1的示意图，该动力设备尤其用于机动车。动力设备1具有动力装置2、例如内燃机，该内燃机在驱动技术方面通过分离离合器3连接至第一电机4。第一电机4尤其可以作为发电机运行。动力设备1还具有至少一个附件设备5，在这里示出的实施例中具有多个附件设备5。这些附件设备在驱动技术方面分别与第一电机4耦合，优选持久地耦合。例如，至少一个附件设备5与第一电机4的耦合通过牵引传动机构6实现。如果设有多个附件设备5，则这些附件设备优选地通过共同的牵引传动机构6与第一电机4耦合。
第一电机4通过中间电路7与第二电机8电连接。第二电机8用于尤其是在驱动轴9上提供动力设备1的驱动扭矩。如果需要，电机4和8中的每个都具有控制器，该控制器例如具有功率电子器件和/或逆变器。如果电机4和8设计为直流电机，则可以省去这种控制器。然而，电机优选地设置为交流电机或三相电机，因此分别设有控制器。
动力设备1附加地具有蓄能器，该蓄能器被设置和设计用于对电能进行中间存储。蓄能器10既直接地、又仅间接地通过变压器11电连接至中间电路7，即通过切换装置12。切换装置12具有第一开关13和第二开关14。蓄能器10通过第一开关13直接地电连接至中间电路7，并且通过第二开关14间接地经由变压器电连接至中间电路。
为此，蓄能器10的第一极15通过第一开关13与中间电路7的第一极16电连接或能电连接。在此处示出的实施例中，对于两个开关13和14彼此分开单独示出第一极15。然而，第一极优选是相同的。但是也可以规定，蓄能器10的第一极15具有不同的电压电平，从而也就在第一极15处分别量取蓄能器10的不同电压。
蓄能器10的第二极17通过变压器11、也就是说例如不通过切换装置12与中间电路7的第二极18电连接。变压器11优选地被设计为，使得两个第二极17和18在变压器11内部彼此直接地电连接，从而使得尽管在第二极17和18之间通过变压器11形成回路，但是不存在电气或电子构件。
动力设备1的所描述的设计方案使得动力设备1能够特别有效地运行并且在电机4和8以及蓄能器10的设计方案中也实现了高度的灵活性。
附图标记列表：
1动力设备
2动力装置
3分离离合器
4第一电机
5附件设备
6牵引传动机构
7中间电路
8第二电机
9驱动轴
10 蓄能器
11 变压器
12 切换装置
13 第一开关
14 第二开关
15 第一极
16 第一极
17 第二极
18 第二极

Claims (9)

1.一种动力设备(1)，该动力设备具有能作为发电机运行的第一电机(4)和能作为马达运行的第二电机(8)，该第一电机和第二电机彼此电连接，从而第二电机(8)能通过由第一电机(4)提供的电能运行，其中，用于中间存储电能的蓄能器(10)电连接至第一电机(4)和第二电机(8)，
其特征在于，
第一电机(4)和第二电机(8)通过中间电路(7)直接地彼此电连接，其中，蓄能器(10)通过切换装置(12)既能直接地电连接至中间电路(7)、又能间接地通过变压器(11)电连接至中间电路(7)，
切换装置(12)具有第一开关(13)和第二开关(14)，其中，蓄能器(10)的第一极(15)通过第一开关(13)直接地电连接至中间电路(7)，并通过第二开关(14)间接地经由变压器(11)电连接至中间电路(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力设备，其特征在于，动力装置(2)在驱动技术方面连接至第一电机(4)以及连接至与第一电机(4)持久耦合的至少一个附件设备(5)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的动力设备，其特征在于，第一电机(4)和所述至少一个附件设备(5)通过分离离合器(3)在驱动技术方面连接至动力装置(2)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力设备，其特征在于，蓄能器(10)的第一极(15)在切换装置(12)的第一切换位置中直接地与中间电路(7)的第一极(16)电连接，并在切换装置(12)的第二切换位置中间接地通过变压器(11)与中间电路(7)的第一极(16)电连接。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力设备，其特征在于，蓄能器(10)的第二极(17)通过变压器(11)持久地与中间电路(7)的第二极(18)电连接。
6.一种用于运行根据权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的动力设备(1)的方法，其中，动力设备(1)具有能作为发电机运行的第一电机(4)和能作为马达运行的第二电机(8)，该第一电机与第二电机彼此电连接，从而第二电机(8)能通过由第一电机(4)提供的电能运行，其中，用于中间存储电能的蓄能器(10)电连接至第一电机(4)和第二电机(8)，
其特征在于，
第一电机(4)和第二电机(8)通过中间电路(7)直接地彼此电连接，其中，蓄能器(10)通过切换装置(12)既能直接地电连接至中间电路(7)、又能间接地通过变压器(11)电连接至中间电路(7)，对于包括多个切换位置的切换装置(12)选择一个切换位置并将其设定在切换装置(12)上，
切换装置(12)具有第一开关(13)和第二开关(14)，其中，蓄能器(10)的第一极(15)通过第一开关(13)直接地电连接至中间电路(7)，并通过第二开关(14)间接地经由变压器(11)电连接至中间电路(7)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，在中间电路(7)中的中间电路电压小于或等于额定电压的情况下，切换位置被这样选择，使得蓄能器(10)直接地与中间电路电连接。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，在中间电路中的中间电路电压大于额定电压的情况下，切换位置被这样选择，使得蓄能器(10)通过变压器(11)与中间电路(7)电连接。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，根据以下参量中的至少一个确定所述额定电压：动力设备(1)的工作点、第一电机(4)的工作点、第二电机(8)的工作点、流过中间电路(7)的电流的电流强度以及用于对蓄能器(10)充电的电流的电流强度和/或电压。
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