CN111588912B - 一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜及其制备方法,该多功能纤维膜为核壳结构的同轴纤维,核层包括具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物和具有促骨组织再生的药物,壳层包括易收缩的高分子聚合物和胶原或明胶;其中,易收缩的高分子聚合物、具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物、胶原或明胶、具有促骨组织再生的药物的重量比为1:0.25‑0.375:0.05‑0.3:0.03‑0.05。本发明提供的多功能纤维膜可有效改善现有骨组织支架材料在使用过程中易发生收缩现象的问题,同时具有较好的力学性能,还具有抗炎、促进骨组织再生的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纤维膜技术领域,具体涉及一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
骨组织支架材料是广泛应用于骨组织工程的骨修复、替代材料。聚乳酸-羟基乙酸由于其良好的生物相容性、降解速率可调等优良特性在骨组织工程中已被广泛研究应用,且已获得FDA批准应用于生物医用材料领域。但由于聚乳酸-羟基乙酸本身是无定型的,玻璃化温度在40-60℃之间,当受到物理或化学刺激时极易发生尺寸收缩而变形。例如,聚乳酸-羟基乙酸在生理盐水、磷酸盐缓冲液、75%酒精和细胞培养基等液体介质中极易发生收缩变形,导致支架材料的形状尺寸大幅度减小从而削弱支架材料的性能。聚乳酸-羟基乙酸易收缩的特点会导致在应用过程中失去其空间维持能力、力学支撑等问题,不利于其在骨组织工程中更广泛的应用。支架材料结构和尺寸的稳定性也是临床应用的基本要求之一。
为了解决聚乳酸-羟基乙酸易收缩的问题,现有技术通常采用物理束缚,表面化学改性或添加结晶型/半结晶型高分子等方法以削弱其收缩性。有研究者通过气体等离子体喷涂对聚乳酸-羟基乙酸支架进行表面改性,一定程度上改善了聚乳酸-羟基乙酸在磷酸盐缓冲液中尺寸收缩的问题,但是该方法主要作用于支架材料表面,当液体介质浸润材料内部时依然会引起支架材料的收缩。还有研究者通过外加聚丙烯环同时进行热处理以限制聚乳酸-羟基乙酸静电纺丝纤维膜的尺寸收缩,该方法虽然能够较好的保持聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纤维膜的形状尺寸,但是缺乏临床可操作性,且随着聚乳酸-羟基乙酸的降解,聚丙烯环逐渐脱落,失去物理束缚后聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纤维膜也会发生尺寸收缩。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明提供一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜及其制备方法,可有效改善现有骨组织支架材料在使用过程中易发生收缩现象的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜,该多功能纤维膜为核壳结构的同轴纤维,核层包括具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物和具有促骨组织再生的药物,壳层包括易收缩的高分子聚合物和胶原或明胶;其中,易收缩的高分子聚合物、具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物、胶原或明胶、具有促骨组织再生的药物的重量比为1:0.25-0.375:0.05-0.3:0.03-0.05。
本发明提供的同轴纤维核层中具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物作为纤维膜的高分子骨架之一,具有良好的尺寸稳定性和力学性能,可以通过轴向与径向与壳层中的易收缩的高分子聚合物相互作用,进而有效限制壳层中的易收缩的高分子聚合物的尺寸收缩;而壳层中的胶原或明胶具有良好的生物相容性和水溶性等特点,可提高壳层纤维的亲水性、细胞相容性以及力学性能,且能显著加快纤维膜的降解速率;核层中的具有促骨组织再生的药物能够促进骨再生作用,同轴纤维的核壳结构有利于改善药物的早期爆释行为,可有效控制黄芩苷从纤维中释放。
易收缩的高分子聚合物、具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物的含量在纺丝过程中起着重要作用,若含量太低,纺丝液浓度低,粘度也低,无法进行正常纺丝,含量过高也无法正常纺丝;胶原或明胶含量主要影响药物释放行为,壳层纤维的亲水性以及整个纤维膜体系的降解速率,太高或太低均有不利影响。
进一步地,易收缩的高分子聚合物、具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物、胶原或明胶、具有促骨组织再生的药物的重量比为1:0.3:0.2:0.0375。
进一步地,具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物为聚己内酯、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯或聚偏氟乙烯;这些物质均具有尺寸稳定性,不易收缩的性质,同时具有较好的力学性能,能为纤维膜提供较高的拉伸强度。
进一步地,具有促骨组织再生的药物为黄芩苷或黄芩素。
黄芩苷或黄芩素均具有抗炎、促骨组织再生的作用,能够赋予纤维膜抗炎性、促进骨组织再生作用,使得纤维膜多功能化。
进一步地,易收缩的高分子聚合物为聚乳酸及其衍生物,具体为聚乳酸或聚乳酸-羟基乙酸。
进一步地,胶原为鱼胶原、猪皮胶原或牛跟腱胶原。
胶原和明胶具有较好的生物相容性、细胞相容性、水溶性以及较低的免疫原性,可改善纤维膜的亲水性,加快多功能纤维膜整体的降解速度。
进一步地,纤维膜的直径为200-1000nm,厚度为0.05-1mm。
上述用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将具有促骨组织再生的药物分散于有机溶剂中,再加入具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物,震荡摇匀,得到纺丝溶液A;
S2、将胶原或明胶分散于有机溶剂中,再加入易收缩的高分子聚合物,震荡摇匀,得到纺丝溶液B;
S3、将纺丝溶液A和B分别装入注射器中,注射器与静电纺丝推注装置连接,溶液A和B分别为同轴静电纺丝的核层与壳层溶液,通过静电纺丝制备而得多功能纤维膜。
进一步地,步骤S1中有机溶剂为三氟乙醇或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
进一步地,步骤S2中有机溶剂为六氟异丙醇或丙酮或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇和三氯甲烷的混合物。当N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇和三氯甲烷混合时,优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇和三氯甲烷按体积比为1:1:8混合。
进一步地,步骤S3中静电纺丝工艺参数设置为:电压5-14kV,外层溶液A推注速度为0.2-0.4mL/h、内层溶液B推注速度为0.1-0.2mL/h,接收距离10-20cm,所用针头为双层同轴结构的平头针;其中,优选的工艺参数为电压7-8kV、外层溶液A推注速度为0.15-0.2mL/h、内层溶液B推注速度为0.3-0.4mL/h、接收距离14-16cm。进一步优选为:电压7kV、外层溶液A推注速度为0.2mL/h、内层溶液B推注速度为0.4mL/h、接收距离15cm。
进一步地,步骤S3中可通过改变接收装置的类型,根据实际应用的需要制备不同表面形貌的纤维膜。
进一步地,还包括:将步骤S3中所得纤维膜置于真空干燥箱中充分干燥一周,待溶剂挥发后通过γ射线进行辐照灭菌,得到无菌多功能纤维膜。
本发明提供的用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜及其制备方法,具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供的多功能纤维膜为核壳结构的同轴纤维,核层高分子骨架为具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物,壳层高分子骨架为易收缩的高分子聚合物,因核层高分子骨架物质具有尺寸稳定性和力学性能,由于核层高分子骨架物质和壳层高分子骨架物质轴向和和径向的相互能够通过核壳结构有效束缚壳层高分子骨架物质的尺寸收缩,极大地提高了壳层高分子骨架物质抵抗尺寸收缩的能力,同时为同轴纤维提供较高的拉伸强度。
此外,过功能纤维膜中负载药物成分,黄芩苷或黄芩素能够能够赋予纤维膜抗炎性、促进骨组织再生作用,多功能纤维膜的纤维为核壳结构,能够有效控制黄芩苷或黄芩素从纤维中释放,改善药物的早期爆释行为。
此外,纤维膜的壳层中包含胶原和明胶,其具有较好的生物相容性、细胞相容性、水溶性以及较低的免疫原性,可改善纤维膜的亲水性,加快多功能纤维膜整体的降解速度。
此外,多功能纤维膜核层可进一步负载促成骨或促成血管因子,如BMP-2、VEGF等,壳层可进一步负载抗炎性因子或趋化生长因子,如IL-4、TGF-β等,通过纤维的核壳结构及核、壳层高分子骨架降解速率不同实现生物因子时序性释放。
本发明提供的多功能纤维膜通过静电纺丝技术制备,高度模拟了细胞外基质结构,静电纺丝技术工艺稳定,操作简单,可规模化生产。
附图说明
图1为鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷多功能纤维膜的形貌图;
图2为鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷多功能纤维膜的透射电镜图;
图3为鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸,聚己内酯,鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯三种纤维膜在磷酸盐缓冲液、生理盐水、75%乙醇和细胞培养基中浸泡一天后的抗收缩效果对比图;
图4为鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷多功能纤维膜抗收缩示意图;
图5为鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷多功能纤维膜和聚己内酯-黄芩苷纤维膜的药物释放曲线;
图6为鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷多功能纤维膜、纯聚己内酯纤维膜和纯聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纤维膜的应力-应变曲线图;
图7为鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷多功能纤维膜植入小鼠皮下14天后的苏木精-伊红染色图;
图8为鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷多功能纤维膜植入大鼠颅骨极限缺损区8周后Micro-CT重建的颅骨修复效果图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜的制备方法,原料包括山东济南岱罡生物科技有限公司的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸,深圳光华伟业股份有限公司的聚己内酯,生工生物股份有限公司的鱼胶原,阿拉丁公司的黄芩苷、六氟异丙醇和三氟乙醇,具体步骤如下:
步骤1:称取0.015g黄芩苷分散于1mL三氟乙醇中,用水浴超声振荡器分散20min,称取0.12g聚己内酯并加入到所得分散液中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀45min,得纺丝液A;
步骤2:称取0.08g鱼胶原分散于2mL六氟异丙醇中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀10min,称取0.4g聚乳酸-羟基乙酸并加入到所得分散液中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀60min,得纺丝液B;
步骤3:将步骤1、2所得纺丝液A和B分别装入5mL注射器中,并分别置于静电纺丝机的两个推注装置,纺丝液A和B分别与同轴针头的内层和外层相连接;
步骤4:通过静电纺丝制备鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷复合纤维膜,采用平板接收器,纺丝电压为7kV,纺丝液A和B的推注速度分别为0.2ml/h和0.4mL/h,接收距离为15cm;
步骤5:将步骤4所得复合纤维膜置于真空干燥箱中干燥一周,并用γ射线辐照灭菌,即得多功能纤维膜。
实施例2
一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜的制备方法,原料包括山东济南岱罡生物科技有限公司的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸,深圳光华伟业股份有限公司的聚己内酯,阿拉丁公司的黄芩素、明胶、六氟异丙醇和三氟乙醇,具体步骤如下:
步骤1:称取0.015g黄芩素分散于1mL三氟乙醇中,用水浴超声振荡器分散20min,称取0.12g聚己内酯并加入到所得分散液中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀45min,得纺丝液A;
步骤2:称取0.04g明胶分散于2mL六氟异丙醇中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀40min,称取0.4g聚乳酸-羟基乙酸并加入到所得分散液中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀60min,得纺丝液B;
步骤3:将步骤1、2所得纺丝液A和B分别装入5mL注射器中,并分别置于静电纺丝机的两个推注装置,纺丝液A和B分别与同轴针头的内层和外层相连接;
步骤4:通过静电纺丝制备明胶/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷复合纤维膜,采用平板接收器,纺丝电压为7kV,纺丝液A和B的推注速度分别为0.2ml/h和0.4mL/h,接收距离为15cm;
步骤5:将步骤4所得复合纤维膜置于真空干燥箱中干燥一周,并用γ射线辐照灭菌,即得多功能纤维膜。
实施例3
一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜的制备方法,原料包括山东济南岱罡生物科技有限公司的聚乳酸,深圳光华伟业股份有限公司的聚氨酯,阿拉丁公司的黄芩素、猪皮胶原、六氟异丙醇和三氟乙醇,具体步骤如下:
步骤1:称取0.012g黄芩素分散于1mL三氟乙醇中,用水浴超声振荡器分散20min,称取0.15g聚氨酯并加入到所得分散液中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀45min,得纺丝液A;
步骤2:称取0.02g猪皮胶原分散于2mL六氟异丙醇中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀40min,称取0.4g聚乳酸并加入到所得分散液中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀60min,得纺丝液B;
步骤3:将步骤1、2所得纺丝液A和B分别装入5mL注射器中,并分别置于静电纺丝机的两个推注装置,纺丝液A和B分别与同轴针头的内层和外层相连接;
步骤4:通过静电纺丝制备复合纤维膜,采用平板接收器,纺丝电压为7kV,纺丝液A和B的推注速度分别为0.2ml/h和0.4mL/h,接收距离为15cm;
步骤5:将步骤4所得复合纤维膜置于真空干燥箱中干燥一周,并用γ射线辐照灭菌,即得多功能纤维膜。
实施例4
一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜的制备方法,原料包括山东济南岱罡生物科技有限公司的聚乳酸,深圳光华伟业股份有限公司的聚己内酯,阿拉丁公司的黄芩素、鱼胶原、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、三氯甲烷和三氟乙醇,具体步骤如下:
步骤1:称取0.02g黄芩素分散于1mL三氟乙醇中,用水浴超声振荡器分散20min,称取0.15g聚己内酯并加入到所得分散液中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀45min,得纺丝液A;
步骤2:称取0.12g鱼胶原分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇和三氯甲烷按体积比为1:1:8混合的混合液(2mL)中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀40min,称取0.2g聚乳酸并加入到所得分散液中,用恒温振荡器震荡摇匀60min,得纺丝液B;
步骤3:将步骤1、2所得纺丝液A和B分别装入5mL注射器中,并分别置于静电纺丝机的两个推注装置,纺丝液A和B分别与同轴针头的内层和外层相连接;
步骤4:通过静电纺丝制备复合纤维膜,采用平板接收器,纺丝电压为7kV,纺丝液A和B的推注速度分别为0.2ml/h和0.4mL/h,接收距离为15cm;
步骤5:将步骤4所得复合纤维膜置于真空干燥箱中干燥一周,并用γ射线辐照灭菌,即得多功能纤维膜。
对实施例1所得的多功能纤维膜进行如下检测:
实验例1形貌和结构观察
使用扫描电镜观察鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷多功能纤维膜的形貌,结果如图1所示,纤维膜呈典型的类细胞外基质结构,纤维随机交错排列,其直径为399±81nm,厚度为0.08±0.02mm。
通过透射电镜观察鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷多功能纤维膜的纤维结构,结果如图2所示,表明纤维为核壳结构的同轴纤维。
实验例2抗收缩性能检测
通过静电纺丝分别制备单轴聚己内酯纤维膜(PCL),单轴鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纤维膜(PFC),核壳结构的同轴鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯纤维膜(PFC/PCL),进行抗收缩效果对比实验,具体步骤如下:
步骤1:通过取孔器获得直径为1cm的圆片状纤维膜,每种纤维膜24片;
步骤2:将步骤1所得圆片状纤维膜分别置于24孔细胞培养板中;
步骤3:每种材料的孔中均分别加入磷酸盐缓冲液、生理盐水、75%乙醇和细胞培养基四种液体介质;
步骤4:将步骤3中所得细胞培养板置于细胞培养箱中,24h后取出,观察三种纤维膜的抗收缩效果。
结果如图3所示,PFC纤维膜在四种液体介质中均发生严重的尺寸收缩,而PCL和PFC/PCL纤维膜却较好的维持了形状尺寸,基本未发生收缩现象,表明通过核壳结构的同轴纤维设计能够很好的限制聚乳酸-羟基乙酸的尺寸收缩,大幅提高纤维膜的抵抗收缩的能力;核壳结构的同轴鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷纤维膜抵抗收缩示意图如图4所示,聚乳酸-羟基乙酸与聚己内酯间轴向与径向的反向相互作用力限制了聚乳酸-羟基乙酸的收缩。
实验例3体外药物释放检测
通过静电纺丝分别制备单轴聚己内酯载黄芩苷(PCL-BA)纤维膜和同轴鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯载黄芩苷(PFC/PCL-BA)纤维膜,进行体外药物释放行为研究,具体过程为:将纤维膜切成长为15mm、宽为10mm的薄片,置于15ml离心管中,并加入10ml PBS溶液(pH=7.4),将离心管置于100转/分,37℃的恒温水浴振荡器中,在预设时间点取样并用紫外分光光度计检测各样本浸泡液中黄芩苷的药物浓度,结果如图5所示。
由图5可知,核壳结构的同轴PFC/PCL-BA纤维膜在早期药物释放显著慢于单轴PCL-BA纤维膜,呈现出一定的缓释能力,表明核壳结构的同轴纤维设计能够有效缓解药物在纤维中爆释的问题。
实验例4力学性能检测
通过静电纺丝分别制备聚己内酯(PCL)、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)和鱼胶原/聚乳酸羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷(PFC/PCL-BA)纤维膜,进行拉伸测试,具体过程为:将纤维膜用模具切割成哑铃型,用力学万能试验机进行拉伸测试,夹具拉伸速率为15mm/min,结果如图6和表1所示。
由图6和表1可知,聚己内酯显著提高了纤维膜的拉伸强度。
表1 PCL、PLGA和PFC/PCL-BA纤维膜的力学性能
实验例5抗炎性和骨组织再生性能检测
通过静电纺丝制备鱼胶原/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/聚己内酯-黄芩苷纤维膜,将纤维膜植入小鼠皮下14天后观察异物反应情况,H&E切片染色结果如图7所示,多功能纤维膜周围未引起慢性炎症反应,表明纤维膜具有一定的抗炎性作用。
将纤维膜植入大鼠颅骨极限缺损模型中,8周后观察颅骨修复效果,Micro-CT重建结果如图8所示,缺损区有大量新生骨形成,几乎完全覆盖缺损区,表明多功能纤维膜具有很好的引导骨组织再生作用,在骨组织工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜,其特征在于,所述多功能纤维膜为核壳结构的同轴纤维,核层包括具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物和具有促骨组织再生的药物,壳层包括易收缩的高分子聚合物和胶原或明胶;其中,易收缩的高分子聚合物、具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物、胶原或明胶、具有促骨组织再生的药物的重量比为1:0.25-0.375:0.05-0.3:0.03-0.05。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜,其特征在于,易收缩的高分子聚合物、具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物、胶原或明胶、具有促骨组织再生的药物的重量比为1:0.3:0.2:0.0375。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜,其特征在于,具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物为聚己内酯、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯或聚偏氟乙烯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜,其特征在于,具有促骨组织再生的药物为黄芩苷或黄芩素。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜,其特征在于,易收缩的高分子聚合物为聚乳酸及其衍生物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜,其特征在于,胶原为鱼胶原、猪皮胶原或牛跟腱胶原。
7.权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于骨组织再生的多功能纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将具有促骨组织再生的药物分散于有机溶剂中,再加入具有尺寸稳定性的高分子聚合物,震荡摇匀,得到纺丝溶液A;
S2、将胶原或明胶分散于有机溶剂中,再加入易收缩的高分子聚合物,震荡摇匀,得到纺丝溶液B;
S3、将纺丝溶液A和B分别装入注射器中,注射器与静电纺丝推注装置连接,溶液A和B分别为同轴静电纺丝的核层与壳层溶液,通过静电纺丝制备而得多功能纤维膜。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中静电纺丝工艺参数设置为:电压5-14kV,外层溶液A推注速度为0.2-0.4mL/h、内层溶液B推注速度为0.1-0.2mL/h,接收距离10-20cm。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中静电纺丝工艺参数设置为:电压7-8kV、外层溶液A推注速度为0.15-0.2mL/h、内层溶液B推注速度为0.3-0.4mL/h、接收距离14-16cm。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括:将步骤S3中所得纤维膜置于真空干燥箱中充分干燥一周,待溶剂挥发后通过γ射线进行辐照灭菌,得到无菌多功能纤维膜。
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