CN111579917A - Low-voltage distribution network fault positioning system and method - Google Patents
Low-voltage distribution network fault positioning system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111579917A CN111579917A CN202010270699.9A CN202010270699A CN111579917A CN 111579917 A CN111579917 A CN 111579917A CN 202010270699 A CN202010270699 A CN 202010270699A CN 111579917 A CN111579917 A CN 111579917A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/54—Testing for continuity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/62—Testing of transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
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- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-voltage distribution network fault positioning system and a low-voltage distribution network fault positioning method, wherein the system comprises a cloud platform, low-voltage distribution network management software and a low-voltage fault indicator; the low-voltage fault indicator is installed at each branch node of the platform area circuit and is connected with the cloud platform through a GPRS/4G network; the low-voltage distribution network management software is installed in smart phones of users and power grid operation and maintenance personnel and is connected with the cloud platform through a GPRS/4G network. According to the invention, the low-voltage fault indicator is used for realizing the rapid positioning of fault sections and power failure clients, and the low-voltage distribution network management software is used for pushing and displaying distribution network fault information to power grid operation and maintenance personnel, so that the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, the fault and power failure time of a low-voltage distribution area is greatly reduced, and the user satisfaction is improved; the fault can be timely positioned and information can be pushed to operation and maintenance personnel, and the fault can be rapidly eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-voltage distribution network fault positioning system and method, and belongs to the technical field of automatic control of power systems.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy in China, the living quality and consumption level of people are gradually improved, the demand of various industries and residents on electric power is continuously increased, and new requirements on the quality, safety and stability of electric energy are provided. The power distribution network is used as a bridge of a power transmission network and users, and the fault positioning and fault processing capacity of the power distribution network also needs to reach a new height so as to ensure the power supply quality and the power supply reliability of the power distribution network. The safe and stable operation of the power distribution network not only relates to the vital interests of the majority of users, but also has great social and economic significance. In recent years, the automation construction of the power distribution network in China is rapidly developed, and the traditional power distribution network is continuously developed towards a smart power grid with higher automation degree.
The distribution network is a power network which receives electric energy from a transmission network or a regional power plant, distributes the electric energy to various users on site through distribution facilities or distributes the electric energy to various users step by step according to voltage, and consists of overhead lines, cables, towers, distribution transformers, isolating switches, reactive power compensators, auxiliary facilities and the like, and plays a role in distributing the electric energy in the power network. According to the classification of the voltage grades of the power distribution networks in China, the power distribution networks are mainly divided into extra-high voltage (1000 kV alternating current and above and +/-800 kV direct current), extra-high voltage (330 kV and below 1000 kV), high voltage power distribution networks (35-220 kV), medium voltage power distribution networks (6-20 kV) and low voltage power distribution networks (0.4 kV), wherein the high voltage power distribution networks have high automation degree and are in the international leading level, but the medium and low voltage power distribution networks have low automation degree and are far behind developed countries in the west.
The fault location technology is mainly used for detecting and locating various faults of a power distribution system, and mainly detects fault types including interphase short circuit, single-phase earth fault and the like. After a single-phase ground short circuit fault occurs, the voltage of a fault phase is reduced, the voltage to ground of a non-fault phase is increased, if measures cannot be taken within a very short time to eliminate the fault, the overvoltage of the non-fault phase is very easy to further develop into an interphase short circuit fault, and the circuit is triggered to trip. In the actual operation process, the probability of single-phase earth fault occurrence is highest, at the moment, the symmetry of line voltage can still be ensured by power supply, the fault current is small, the continuous power supply to a load is not influenced, so that immediate tripping is not needed, and the operation can be continued for 1-2 hours according to the current regulation; however, as the number of feeder lines increases, the capacitance current also increases gradually, the fault is easily expanded to be a two-point or multi-point grounding short circuit after long-time operation, if arc grounding occurs, overvoltage of the whole system can be caused, equipment is further damaged, and safe operation of the system is affected, so that the fault position must be determined in time and cut off.
The fault positioning method widely applied to the existing power distribution network, particularly to the low-voltage power distribution network, comprises the following steps: forming an automatic system through a 4G communication network established between the power distribution terminal and the cloud server and between the power distribution terminal and the handheld terminal; the power distribution terminal collects fault data and uploads the fault data to the cloud server, and when the fault data are needed, the transportation and inspection personnel download the fault data from the cloud server through the handheld device. In the process, the fault state information is transmitted layer by layer and needs to be subjected to multi-stage circulation, the fault state information is easy to lose in the circulation process, the risk of the fault of the multi-stage communication is increased, the fault processing time is prolonged in the mode, and the fault is not beneficial to quick fault removal. The current fault location technology can not carry out instant location and effective investigation aiming at single-phase earth fault, and is not beneficial to further promotion of the stability and the automation degree of the low-voltage distribution network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-voltage distribution network fault positioning system and method aiming at the defects of the existing power grid fault positioning method.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a low-voltage distribution network fault positioning system and method comprises a cloud platform, low-voltage distribution network management software and a low-voltage fault indicator; the low-voltage fault indicator is installed at each branch node of the platform area circuit and is connected with the cloud platform through a GPRS/4G network; the low-voltage distribution network management software is installed in smart phones of users and power grid operation and maintenance personnel and is connected with the cloud platform through a GPRS/4G network.
Further, the low-voltage fault indicator has a fault information and geographical position information acquisition function; after a fault occurs, the low-voltage fault indicator captures a fault current waveform, judges a fault line and a fault type through a filtering optimization algorithm, and uploads collected fault information and geographical position information to a cloud platform in real time.
Furthermore, the low-voltage distribution network management software has an interaction and display function, and operation and maintenance personnel can check the overall operation condition of the system and a distribution room topological relation diagram through the low-voltage distribution network management software, confirm fault alarm and positioning, perform power quality data statistics and realize the functions of mobile phone duty, mobile operation and maintenance and remote operation and maintenance; and the power supply company provides power utilization inquiry, directional information push, power failure notification release, payment reminding, fault repair and power utilization guidance functions for power utilization customers through the low-voltage distribution network management software.
Further, the cloud platform is a computing service platform, and has big data processing and analysis functions, and the fault location logic is as follows: 1) calculating the switching condition and the load proportion of the electric load of the low-voltage distribution network by adopting an optimal solving algorithm based on the load characteristics of the electric equipment, and obtaining a topological structure diagram of the low-voltage distribution network by a big data clustering analysis method; 2) the cloud platform system collects fault information of the low-voltage fault indicator in real time and comprehensively determines that short-circuit faults occur in the low-voltage power distribution network; 3) and the cloud platform system starts a fault positioning process according to the acquired voltage information, current waveform and low-voltage distribution network topology information, and judges the fault type and the fault area. The cloud platform automatically identifies and establishes an accurate distribution transformer area-trunk line-branch line-phase difference table area topological relation based on a big data clustering analysis method, and realizes the establishment of the subordinate relation between the table areas and the low-voltage fault indicators and the superior-inferior relation between the low-voltage fault indicators installed on different line levels; and the interaction and display functions of the low-voltage distribution network management software are realized through the cloud platform service.
The method for positioning the fault of the low-voltage distribution network of the system specifically comprises the following steps:
1) analyzing a distribution network topological structure: determining the superior-subordinate relation and the parallel relation of nodes of a topological network through a traversal search algorithm, and realizing the automatic identification of the electrical physical topology of a distribution transformer area, a trunk line, a branch line and a phase difference;
2) loop impedance analysis: according to a power distribution network structure of a user side, loop impedance is determined by measuring the voltage and current change rate of each user at two moments; according to the method, measurement data of a low-voltage main switch, a branch switch and an online monitoring device on a distribution side and a user side every day are processed by an intelligent terminal, an impedance estimation value every day is obtained through a statistical method, and a confidence interval of a result is estimated by a probability statistical method; the impedance of a fault loop is obtained by using the voltage and the current measured during the fault, and the fault is positioned according to the impedance of the fault loop and the fault distance in direct proportion;
3) open circuit analysis: when the reduction amplitude of the phase current of the broken line exceeds a set value and meets the voltage condition, starting to calculate the current of the phase line, and after the possibility that the current of a certain node is zero is calculated to be maximum, determining that the broken line fault occurs between the node and the node;
4) transformer fault analysis: judging whether the transformer body has faults or not by distributing and transforming the voltage, the current and the power of the low-voltage side, wherein the faults comprise the voltage and current out-of-limit problems; and comprehensively analyzing the problems of low voltage, high voltage and the like of the distribution network, and providing a problem reason analysis and modification adjustment suggestion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the low-voltage fault indicator is used for realizing the rapid positioning of fault sections and power failure clients, and low-voltage distribution network management software is used for pushing and displaying distribution network fault information to power grid operation and maintenance personnel, so that the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, the fault and power failure time of a low-voltage distribution area is greatly reduced, and the user satisfaction is improved;
2) the fault can be timely positioned and information can be pushed to operation and maintenance personnel, and the fault can be rapidly eliminated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-voltage distribution network fault positioning system of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a topology established by a cloud platform.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings. Examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Fig. 1 shows a system and a method for locating faults in a low-voltage distribution network, which includes three parts:
1) cloud platform
The method is characterized in that low-voltage distribution network fault positioning and analyzing software is installed, the switching condition and the load proportion of the electric load of the low-voltage distribution network are calculated through the software implementation algorithm, the topological structure diagram of the low-voltage distribution network is obtained through a big data clustering analysis method, and the following functions can be realized: (1) automatically identifying a low-voltage topology into a graph; (2) analyzing the fault; (3) and (4) positioning low-voltage faults.
2) Low-voltage distribution network management software
The mobile phone is installed on mobile phones of users and operation and maintenance personnel, and the functions of the mobile phone are divided into two aspects:
the functions facing the operation and maintenance personnel comprise: (1) overall system operating conditions; (2) a topological relation graph of the transformer area; (3) alarming and positioning faults; (4) and (5) counting the power quality data.
User-oriented functions, including: (1) reporting and repairing the fault; (2) inquiring electricity utilization; (3) power failure warning; (4) reminding payment; (5) and (5) guiding by using electricity.
3) Low-voltage fault indicator
The device is installed at each node of a branch line of a low-voltage distribution room, and fault information and geographical position information are collected in real time and uploaded to a cloud platform. As shown in fig. 2, the cloud platform established topology architecture schematic diagram is shown, where the low voltage fault indicators are configured on each branch node of the low voltage line, and a plurality of low voltage fault indicators installed in the branch lines collectively collect signals to the same low voltage fault indicator, and then transmit the signals to the cloud platform for processing. After a fault occurs, the low-voltage fault indicator captures a fault current waveform, a fault line and a fault type are judged through a filtering optimization algorithm and reported to a cloud platform system, and fault positioning logic is as follows:
1) based on the load characteristics of the electric equipment, an optimal solution algorithm is adopted to calculate the switching condition and the load proportion of the electric load of the low-voltage distribution network, and a topological structure diagram of the low-voltage distribution network is obtained by a big data clustering analysis method.
2) The cloud platform system collects fault information of the low-voltage fault indicator in real time and comprehensively determines that short-circuit faults occur in the low-voltage power distribution network.
3) And the cloud platform system starts a fault positioning process according to the acquired voltage information, current waveform and low-voltage distribution network topology information, and judges the fault type and the fault area.
The fault studying, judging and analyzing function steps of the cloud platform system are as follows:
1) distribution network topology analysis
And a low-voltage fault indicator is installed at a branch point of a low-voltage line, and real-time data transmission between the cloud platform system and the low-voltage fault indicator is realized based on a GPRS/4G communication technology. Meanwhile, the front-back logic relation of the transformer substation head end and the low-voltage fault indicator is judged through a big data cluster analysis method, the superior-subordinate relation and the parallel relation of nodes of a topology network are determined through a traversal search algorithm, and the electrical physical topology automatic identification of a transformer substation area, a trunk line, a branch line and a phase difference in a transformer substation area is realized.
2) Loop impedance analysis
The loop impedance analysis utilizes the voltage and current measured during the fault to obtain the impedance of the fault loop, and the fault loop impedance is in direct proportion to the fault distance, so that the fault is positioned accordingly. According to the distribution network structure of the user side, the loop impedance is determined by measuring the voltage and current change rate of each user at two moments. According to the measurement data of the intelligent terminal processing the low-voltage main switch, the branch line switch and the online monitoring device at the distribution and transformation side and the user side every day, the impedance estimation value every day is obtained through a statistical method, and the confidence interval of the result is estimated by utilizing a probability statistical method.
3) Open circuit analysis
When the reduction amplitude of the phase current of the broken line exceeds a set value and meets the voltage condition, the current calculation of the phase line is started, and the broken line fault between a node and the following node can be determined after the maximum possibility that the current flowing out of the node is zero is calculated.
4) Transformer fault analysis
The real-time data uploading of the cloud platform by the head end of the transformer station comprises the following steps: the distribution transformer is characterized in that the distribution transformer is used for judging the faults of a transformer body according to the data of electric quantities such as voltage, current, power and the like at the low-voltage side, and the faults mainly comprise the problem that the voltage and the current are out of limit. The problems of low voltage, high voltage and the like of the distribution network are comprehensively analyzed, problem reason analysis and modification adjustment suggestions are given, and the overall effect is greatly improved.
According to the invention, a low-voltage fault indicator is installed at a node of each branch line, a topological relation graph is established according to the position information of the fault indicator by a cloud platform big data clustering analysis method and is displayed on a power distribution network management software interface; when a fault occurs, the fault position can be directly detected through power distribution network management software, and operation and inspection personnel are informed to remove the fault in time, so that the fault can be timely found and quickly removed, the stability of a power grid is improved, and the safety and reliability of power utilization of a user are ensured.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A low voltage distribution network fault location system which characterized in that: the system comprises a cloud platform, low-voltage distribution network management software and a low-voltage fault indicator; the low-voltage fault indicator is installed at each branch node of the platform area circuit and is connected with the cloud platform through a GPRS/4G network; the low-voltage distribution network management software is installed in smart phones of users and power grid operation and maintenance personnel and is connected with the cloud platform through a GPRS/4G network.
2. A low voltage distribution network fault location system according to claim 1, wherein: the low-voltage fault indicator has a fault information and geographical position information acquisition function.
3. A fault location system for a low voltage distribution network according to any one of claim 2, wherein: after a fault occurs, the low-voltage fault indicator captures a fault current waveform, judges a fault line and a fault type through a filtering optimization algorithm, and uploads collected fault information and geographical position information to a cloud platform in real time.
4. A low voltage distribution network fault location system according to claim 1, wherein: the low-voltage distribution network management software has interaction and display functions.
5. A fault location system for a low voltage distribution network according to any one of claims 4, wherein: operation and maintenance personnel can check the overall operation condition of the system and a topological relation diagram of a transformer area through the low-voltage distribution network management software, confirm fault alarm and positioning, carry out power quality data statistics and realize the functions of mobile phone duty, mobile operation and maintenance and remote operation and maintenance; and the power supply company provides power utilization inquiry, directional information push, power failure notification release, payment reminding, fault repair and power utilization guidance functions for power utilization customers through the low-voltage distribution network management software.
6. A fault location system for a low voltage distribution network according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the cloud platform is a computing service platform and has big data processing and analyzing functions, and the fault positioning logic is as follows:
1) calculating the switching condition and the load proportion of the electric load of the low-voltage distribution network by adopting an optimal solving algorithm based on the load characteristics of the electric equipment, and obtaining a topological structure diagram of the low-voltage distribution network by a big data clustering analysis method;
2) the cloud platform system collects fault information of the low-voltage fault indicator in real time and comprehensively determines that short-circuit faults occur in the low-voltage power distribution network;
3) and the cloud platform system starts a fault positioning process according to the acquired voltage information, current waveform and low-voltage distribution network topology information, and judges the fault type and the fault area.
7. A low voltage distribution network fault location system according to any one of claims 6, wherein: the cloud platform automatically identifies and establishes an accurate distribution transformer area-trunk line-branch line-phase difference table area topological relation based on a big data clustering analysis method, and realizes the establishment of the subordination relation between the table areas and the low-voltage fault indicators and the superior-inferior relation between the low-voltage fault indicators installed on different line levels; and the interaction and display functions of the low-voltage distribution network management software are realized through the cloud platform service.
8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method for locating the fault in the low-voltage distribution network specifically comprises:
1) analyzing a distribution network topological structure: determining the superior-subordinate relation and the parallel relation of nodes of a topological network through a traversal search algorithm, and realizing the automatic identification of the electrical physical topology of a distribution transformer area, a trunk line, a branch line and a phase difference;
2) loop impedance analysis: according to a power distribution network structure of a user side, loop impedance is determined by measuring the voltage and current change rate of each user at two moments; according to the method, measurement data of a low-voltage main switch, a branch switch and an online monitoring device on a distribution side and a user side every day are processed by an intelligent terminal, an impedance estimation value every day is obtained through a statistical method, and a confidence interval of a result is estimated by a probability statistical method; the impedance of a fault loop is obtained by using the voltage and the current measured during the fault, and the fault is positioned according to the impedance of the fault loop and the fault distance in direct proportion;
3) open circuit analysis: when the reduction amplitude of the phase current of the broken line exceeds a set value and meets the voltage condition, starting to calculate the current of the phase line, and after the possibility that the current of a certain node is zero is calculated to be maximum, determining that the broken line fault occurs between the node and the node;
4) transformer fault analysis: judging whether the transformer body has faults or not by distributing and transforming the voltage, the current and the power of the low-voltage side, wherein the faults comprise the voltage and current out-of-limit problems; and comprehensively analyzing the problems of low voltage, high voltage and the like of the distribution network, and providing a problem reason analysis and modification adjustment suggestion.
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| CN112114230A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-22 | 中电装备山东电子有限公司 | Distribution network monitoring system for low-voltage distribution area and distribution area topology identification method |
| CN112162174A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2021-01-01 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Distribution room fault positioning method and system based on marketing and distribution integration |
| CN112187518A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2021-01-05 | 佳源科技有限公司 | Intelligent fusion terminal platform area topology identification method and system |
| CN114039425A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司常州供电分公司 | Fault processing system and method for low-voltage distribution network |
| CN114184881A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-03-15 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力调度控制中心 | Fault event positioning method based on topological model tracking analysis |
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