CN111596171A - Intelligent distribution network fault diagnosis and positioning integrated system under artificial intelligence deep learning - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于故障监控、诊断领域,尤其涉及一种用于配电网的故障诊断、定位系统。The invention belongs to the field of fault monitoring and diagnosis, and in particular relates to a fault diagnosis and positioning system for power distribution network.
背景技术Background technique
随着当代经济的快速发展,社会对电的需求日益增大,配电网的密集程度也日益提高。With the rapid development of the contemporary economy, the social demand for electricity is increasing, and the density of the distribution network is also increasing.
实现配电网自动化(Distribution Automation)是保证供电可靠性、实现电网经济运行、提高电网效率的关键手段,也是关系到社会生产水平和人民生活质量的重要因素。The realization of distribution automation is a key means to ensure the reliability of power supply, realize the economic operation of the power grid, and improve the efficiency of the power grid. It is also an important factor related to the level of social production and people's quality of life.
目前,我国3~66kV配电网的中性点多数为小电流接地方式,因此配电网可称为小电流接地系统或中性点不直接接地系统,其包括中性点不接地系统(Neutral UngroundedPower System,简称NUS)、中性点经高值电阻接地系统(Neutral Resister GroundedPower System,简称NRS)和中性点经消弧线圈接地系统(Neutral Resonant GroundedPower System,简称NES)。At present, most of the neutral points of my country's 3-66kV distribution network are grounded with low current, so the distribution network can be called a small current grounding system or a neutral point not directly grounded system, including the neutral point ungrounded system (Neutral UngroundedPower System (NUS for short), Neutral Resister GroundedPower System (NRS for short) and Neutral Resonant GroundedPower System (NES for short)
我国配电网大多采用由架空线和电缆线(大多用于城市供电系统中)构成的辐射状结构,馈线数量与用户用电的集中化水平直接相关,大城市配电网的馈线数量一般可达到20~30条。随着城乡配电网的进一步改造、建设,线路总长度和电缆使用率大大增加,由线路分布电容造成的配网线路对地电容电流迅猛增大,某些配电网电容电流可达到60~70A,甚至高达100A。此时,若线路发生单相接地故障,接地点易发生燃弧,严重威胁到电力系统的安全。根据规定,这种配电网的中性点必须经消弧线圈接地。Most of my country's distribution networks use a radial structure composed of overhead lines and cables (mostly used in urban power supply systems). The number of feeders is directly related to the concentration level of users' power consumption. to 20 to 30. With the further transformation and construction of urban and rural distribution networks, the total line length and cable utilization rate have greatly increased. 70A, even up to 100A. At this time, if a single-phase grounding fault occurs in the line, arcing is easy to occur at the grounding point, which seriously threatens the safety of the power system. According to regulations, the neutral point of this distribution network must be grounded through the arc suppression coil.
就目前电力系统发展方向来看,应用于中低压配电网的中性点接地方式中,小电流接地方式可避免发生单相接地故障时引起供电中断,具有很强的、适应于配电网的优势,不会被其他接地方式所替代。因此在未来相当长的一段时间内,小电流接地方式在配电网应用中仍将占据重要地位。As far as the current development direction of the power system is concerned, in the neutral point grounding method applied to the medium and low voltage distribution network, the small current grounding method can avoid the interruption of power supply when a single-phase grounding fault occurs. The advantages will not be replaced by other grounding methods. Therefore, for a long period of time in the future, the small current grounding method will still occupy an important position in the application of the distribution network.
据统计,电力系统在运行过程中,由配电网故障造成的停电事故约占总停电事故的95%以上,其中70%的事故由单相接地故障或母线故障引起。当配电网发生单相接地故障时,由于零序网中无直接接地点,故障电流仅通过线路对地电容回路流通,故障特征量微弱,而中性点经消弧线圈接地后会对故障电流进行补偿,使故障特征进一步减小,因此一直由于特征提取困难而缺乏可靠的故障选线和定位方法。随着人们对配网自动化水平要求的提高,更加迫切需要从根本上解决配网的故障定位问题。According to statistics, during the operation of the power system, blackout accidents caused by distribution network faults account for more than 95% of the total blackout accidents, of which 70% are caused by single-phase grounding faults or busbar faults. When a single-phase grounding fault occurs in the distribution network, since there is no direct grounding point in the zero-sequence network, the fault current only flows through the line-to-ground capacitor circuit, and the fault characteristic is weak. The current is compensated to further reduce the fault features, so there has been a lack of reliable fault line selection and location methods due to the difficulty of feature extraction. With the improvement of people's requirements for the automation level of distribution network, it is more urgent to fundamentally solve the problem of fault location of distribution network.
在我国,对于配网故障选线问题早在1958年就有相关的研究记录,并先后提出了各种故障选线方法,同时研发了相关选线装置。20世纪80年代以来,随着微机保护技术的不断成熟,不同厂家研发出多种在线自动选线装置并投入使用,但从用户方面返回的意见来看,选线的可靠性不高,效果并不好,充分反映出选线技术并不十分成熟。In my country, as early as 1958, there were relevant research records on the problem of distribution network fault line selection, and various fault line selection methods were proposed successively, and related line selection devices were developed at the same time. Since the 1980s, with the continuous maturity of microcomputer protection technology, different manufacturers have developed a variety of online automatic line selection devices and put them into use, but from the opinions returned by users, the reliability of line selection is not high, and the effect is not good. No, it fully reflects that the line selection technology is not very mature.
而作为目前重点研究方向的故障区段定位技术,也同时存在着较多问题,如部分定位原理不可靠、不同监测点信号不能精确同步、故障信号获取困难等。另外,目前的方法大部分仍停留在理论研究阶段,实际应用于现场的技术很少,因而小电流接地故障定位技术一直未能取得实质性突破。As the current key research direction, the fault section location technology also has many problems, such as unreliable partial location principles, inability to accurately synchronize the signals of different monitoring points, and difficulty in acquiring fault signals. In addition, most of the current methods are still in the theoretical research stage, and there are few technologies actually applied to the field, so the low-current grounding fault location technology has not been able to achieve substantial breakthroughs.
小电流接地方式增加了配电网结构复杂度,使故障选线与定位成为一个公认的难题。随着电力系统从传统电网向智能电网的转变,实现智能电网的自愈功能极为重要,这也更需迫切解决故障快速检测和可靠定位问题。The low-current grounding method increases the structural complexity of the distribution network, making fault line selection and location a recognized problem. With the transformation of the power system from the traditional power grid to the smart grid, it is extremely important to realize the self-healing function of the smart grid, which also needs to urgently solve the problems of rapid fault detection and reliable location.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种人工智能深度学习下的智能配网故障诊断定位综合系统。其基于故障指示器、无线通信技术和接地故障选线技术,能够自动高效的检测出故障(线路断线、相间短路和单相接地)所在区段。故障选线上位机中的故障定位软件系统与线路上具有通信功能的故障指示器相配合,在故障发生后的几分钟内即可在监控中心的地理信息系统图上给出故障位置和故障时间的指示信息,实现了对10kV配网线路发生接地、短路和断线故障时提供精确的故障定位服务,同时现实了对配电网络的无盲区监控,有助于帮助维修人员迅速赶赴现场,排除故障,恢复正常供电,大大提高了供电可靠性。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an intelligent distribution network fault diagnosis and positioning integrated system under artificial intelligence deep learning. Based on fault indicator, wireless communication technology and ground fault line selection technology, it can automatically and efficiently detect the section where the fault (line disconnection, phase-to-phase short circuit and single-phase grounding) is located. The fault location software system in the upper computer of fault line selection cooperates with the fault indicator with communication function on the line, and the fault location and fault time can be given on the GIS map of the monitoring center within a few minutes after the fault occurs. It can provide accurate fault location services when grounding, short-circuit and disconnection faults occur in the 10kV distribution network. At the same time, it realizes the monitoring of the distribution network without blind spots, which helps maintenance personnel to quickly rush to the scene and eliminate In case of failure, the normal power supply is restored, which greatly improves the reliability of the power supply.
本发明的技术方案是:提供一种人工智能深度学习下的智能配网故障诊断定位综合系统,其特征是:The technical scheme of the present invention is to provide an intelligent distribution network fault diagnosis and positioning integrated system under artificial intelligence deep learning, which is characterized by:
所述的智能配网故障诊断定位综合系统包括站内故障判断及选线装置、站外线路上的故障指示器和无线通讯部分;The intelligent distribution network fault diagnosis and positioning integrated system includes an in-station fault judgment and line selection device, a fault indicator on an out-of-station line and a wireless communication part;
所述的站内故障判断及选线装置设置在变电站内,用于实时监控变压器中性点的零序电压及零序电流,当检测到零序电压和零序电流超过设定值时,即启动零序故障诊断,辨识出是否为稳定的单相接地故障,然后辨识出具体故障线路及故障相,同时,通过无线通信前置机召回故障相的故障指示器电流,根据故障指示器故障点前后电流大小发生突变的原理来定位具体故障点位置并输出信号给监控设备;The in-station fault judgment and line selection device is installed in the substation, and is used to monitor the zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current of the neutral point of the transformer in real time. Zero-sequence fault diagnosis, identify whether it is a stable single-phase grounding fault, and then identify the specific fault line and fault phase. The principle of sudden change in current size can locate the specific fault point and output the signal to the monitoring equipment;
所述站外线路上的故障指示器是检测负荷电流及故障电流的主体,直接悬挂在线路上,通过线路感应取电和后备电池获得工作电流,通过电流互感器线圈采集线路上的暂态电流。故障指示器自带短距离无线通信模块,能够上传实时数据、历史数据和故障数据;The fault indicator on the line outside the station is the main body for detecting the load current and fault current. It is directly suspended on the line, obtains the working current through the line induction and backup battery, and collects the transient current on the line through the current transformer coil. The fault indicator comes with a short-distance wireless communication module, which can upload real-time data, historical data and fault data;
所述的无线通讯部分包括短距离无线设备和VPN 4G设备,站内的通信前置机和站外的线路故障指示器上都设置有短距离无线模块,站内通信前置机的功能通过无线模块与线路故障指示器建立无线链路,集中数据;站外故障指示器上的无线模块功能为担任无线中继器及传输本地数据;同时现场的数据通过VPN 4G模块和远端的主站进行数据交互;The wireless communication part includes short-distance wireless equipment and
用短距离无线传输模块和VPN 4G无线模块将线路上的故障指示器和变电站端的接地故障选线设备、继电保护设备、后台主站等有机结合起来,综合判断线路的短路故障、接地故障。The short-distance wireless transmission module and
具体的,所述的站内故障判断及选线装置包括定位决策装置、数据集中器、接地检测综诊装置和后台/GIS;Specifically, the in-station fault judgment and line selection device includes a positioning decision device, a data concentrator, a grounding detection comprehensive diagnosis device, and a background/GIS;
其中,所述的定位决策装置用于完成整个故障的定位;Wherein, the positioning decision-making device is used to complete the positioning of the entire fault;
所述的数据集中器负责各无线通讯模块与定位决策装置之间的通讯;The data concentrator is responsible for the communication between each wireless communication module and the positioning decision device;
所述的接地检测综诊装置负责判断系统单相接地支路;The grounding detection comprehensive diagnosis device is responsible for judging the single-phase grounding branch of the system;
所述的后台/GIS负责显示、存储故障定位结果。The background/GIS is responsible for displaying and storing fault location results.
具体的,所述站外线路上的故障指示器用于进行故障判断并定位,为所有的后台服务提供线路电流的实时运行情况。Specifically, the fault indicator on the line outside the station is used to judge and locate the fault, and provide the real-time running status of the line current for all background services.
具体的,所述的故障指示器每组3只,分别监测线路的ABC三相;每个故障指示器中均包括短距离无线模块,并且相互之间可以级联组成网络,当接收到故障选线召唤时可以将数据接力传回故障选线装置;Specifically, each group of three fault indicators monitors the ABC three-phase of the line respectively; each fault indicator includes short-distance wireless modules, and can be cascaded with each other to form a network. When the line is called, the data can be relayed back to the fault line selection device;
所述的故障指示器为外挂式故障指示器,采用分级或分杆的形式进行悬挂设置,每级或每杆分为A、B、C三相线路,每相线路上对应悬挂设置一个故障指示器;每个故障指示器采用独立的标识编码,通过无线级联组网方式将线路上的电流数数及谐波数据传到主站,经主站分析数据并对照编码得出所出故障的类型及位置。The fault indicator is an external-mounted fault indicator, which is suspended in the form of graded or divided poles. Each grade or each pole is divided into A, B, and C three-phase lines, and a fault indication is set corresponding to the suspension on each phase line. Each fault indicator adopts an independent identification code, and transmits the current number and harmonic data on the line to the master station through wireless cascade networking, and the master station analyzes the data and compares the code to obtain the type of fault. and location.
进一步的,所述的智能配网故障诊断定位综合系统,对于相间短路故障,由挂在线路上的故障指示器来完成检测,当故障指示器检测到线路电流发生突变并且满足相应判据时就可以判定发生线路断线或者相间短路故障,随后由故障诊断系统上位机采集各故障指示器的数据并完成故障定位;对于接地故障,通过故障指示器在线监测线路中故障点前后电流信号的差异化变化,由安装在变电站内的综合故障诊断系统上位机配合线路上的故障指示器完成定位。Further, the intelligent distribution network fault diagnosis and positioning integrated system, for the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault, is detected by the fault indicator hung on the line. When the fault indicator detects that the line current has a sudden change and satisfies the corresponding criterion, it can Determine the occurrence of line disconnection or phase-to-phase short-circuit fault, and then the fault diagnosis system host computer collects the data of each fault indicator and completes the fault location; for ground faults, the differential change of the current signal before and after the fault point in the line is monitored online through the fault indicator. The positioning is completed by the upper computer of the integrated fault diagnosis system installed in the substation and the fault indicator on the line.
更进一步的,所述的相应判据包括相间短路判据和接地判据;Further, described corresponding criterion includes phase-to-phase short-circuit criterion and grounding criterion;
所述的相间短路判据包括:The phase-to-phase short-circuit criterion includes:
1)线路中正的突变电流大于设定值Iset,并且持续一段时间,即It≥Iset;1) The positive sudden change current in the line is greater than the set value Iset and lasts for a period of time, that is, It≥Iset;
2)电流发生突变后2S后检测到断路器跳闸,线路电流降为0,即Ins=0;2) 2S after the sudden change of current, the circuit breaker is detected to trip, and the line current drops to 0, that is, Ins=0;
其中,It为突变量电流启动值,Ins为自电流突变起n秒后所测的线路电流,此时,断路器已经跳闸,线路电流降为0;Among them, It is the starting value of the sudden change current, and Ins is the line current measured after n seconds since the current sudden change. At this time, the circuit breaker has been tripped and the line current has dropped to 0;
所述的接地判据包括:The grounding criteria include:
利用变电站内的接地故障判断选线诊断装置,实时监控变压器中性点的零序电压,当检测到零序电压变动值超出15%至30%时,启动零序故障诊断,辨识出是否为单相接地故障;若为单相接地则通过站内的故障诊断装置进行接地选线,将接地故障定位在某线路的某一相上;并且当判断出单相接地故障为稳定故障时,故障接地选线装置通过通信前置机召回故障相线路上的故障指示器的实时电流数据,通过对比采集到的信号对比故障点前后数据差异,判断出发生突变的两个故障指示器即可判断出故障发生的具体区段。Use the ground fault judgment line selection diagnostic device in the substation to monitor the zero-sequence voltage of the neutral point of the transformer in real time. When it is detected that the zero-sequence voltage variation exceeds 15% to 30%, the zero-sequence fault diagnosis is started to identify whether it is a single Phase-to-ground fault; if it is single-phase grounded, select the grounding line through the fault diagnosis device in the station, and locate the grounding fault on a certain phase of a certain line; and when it is judged that the single-phase grounding fault is a stable fault, the fault grounding selection The line device recalls the real-time current data of the fault indicator on the faulty phase line through the communication front-end machine, and by comparing the collected signals and comparing the data difference before and after the fault point, and judging the two fault indicators that have a sudden change, the fault can be judged. specific segment.
具体的,所述持续一段时间的默认值为2个工频周期,即40ms。Specifically, the default value of the continuous period of time is 2 power frequency cycles, that is, 40 ms.
进一步的,所述的智能配网故障诊断定位综合系统,在系统发生稳定接地故障时,调取故障支路故障指示器的录波状态信息,经过故障综合定位判别从而确认故障点。Further, in the intelligent distribution network fault diagnosis and location integrated system, when a stable grounding fault occurs in the system, the recording state information of the fault indicator of the faulty branch is retrieved, and the fault point is confirmed through comprehensive fault location and judgment.
进一步的,所述的智能配网故障诊断定位综合系统,通过构建基于人工智能深度学习和高纬时空数据驱动的城市配电网运行状态分析评估模型,建立多维度城市配电网多系统协调配合的控制和应用机制;Further, the comprehensive system for fault diagnosis and positioning of intelligent distribution network establishes a multi-dimensional urban distribution network and multi-system coordination and cooperation by constructing an analysis and evaluation model of urban distribution network operation state driven by artificial intelligence deep learning and high-latitude spatiotemporal data. control and application mechanisms;
所述的多维度城市配电网多系统协调配合的控制和应用机制,至少包含:The control and application mechanism for the coordination and cooperation of multi-dimensional urban distribution network and multi-system includes at least:
时间维:横向数据采集与边缘计算,纵向递阶控制序列;短周期故障判定及定位,长周期状态评估、趋势分析与辅助决策;其辅助决策包括接地故障电容电流补偿、过电压及系统闪络等问题治理措施和方案;Time dimension: horizontal data acquisition and edge computing, vertical hierarchical control sequence; short-cycle fault determination and location, long-cycle state assessment, trend analysis and auxiliary decision-making; its auxiliary decision-making includes ground fault capacitor current compensation, overvoltage and system flashover and other issues management measures and programs;
空间维:站内故障判别与故障支路确认、站外线路区段精确定位;站内数据采集与智能研判,站外线路数据支撑与处置联动;Spatial dimension: in-station fault identification and fault branch confirmation, accurate positioning of out-of-station line sections; in-station data collection and intelligent research and judgment, and out-station line data support and processing linkage;
目标维:故障判别、支路确认、区段定位、辅助决策与优化提升;Target dimension: fault identification, branch confirmation, section location, auxiliary decision-making and optimization improvement;
智能研判及定位业务框架:从“故障判别”到“故障支路确认”再到“区段定位”,实现三阶段一体化分级分层递进缩小故障点,准确辨识故障类型和故障点区段位置。Intelligent research, judgment and positioning business framework: From "fault identification" to "fault branch confirmation" to "section positioning", it realizes three-stage integration, hierarchical and progressive reduction of fault points, and accurate identification of fault types and fault point sections. Location.
更进一步的,所述的智能配网故障诊断定位综合系统,通过下列方式,来实现智能研判及故障定位:Furthermore, the intelligent distribution network fault diagnosis and location comprehensive system can realize intelligent judgment and fault location through the following methods:
1)采用利用全时域、全频段、全类型监控的实时录波技术、全程记录所有零序回路信号,并进行综合故障在线诊断;1) Real-time recording technology using full time domain, full frequency band, and all types of monitoring is used to record all zero-sequence loop signals in the whole process, and conduct comprehensive online fault diagnosis;
2)建立独有的故障波形特征库的方式,通过对现场故障录播数据与故障特征库的比对实现对故障的准确辨识。同时,对于特定性波形可增加到原有的特征库中,以便丰富特征库;2) Establish a unique fault waveform feature library, and realize the accurate identification of the fault by comparing the on-site fault recording and broadcasting data with the fault feature library. At the same time, specific waveforms can be added to the original feature library to enrich the feature library;
3)基于高采样率、全同步的实时录波,系统实时计算系统各母线的零序电压是否超限,若零序电压超限,则首先判断是否是PT断线等故障引起的电压异常,以防止选线误判。在确认PT输入信号正常后,则判定为电网发生单相接地,并随即开始接地支路判断;3) Based on the high sampling rate and fully synchronized real-time recording, the system calculates in real time whether the zero-sequence voltage of each bus of the system exceeds the limit. To prevent misjudgment of line selection. After confirming that the PT input signal is normal, it is determined that the power grid is single-phase grounded, and the grounding branch judgment is started immediately;
对任何单相接地故障,系统依据接地信号的特征,有针对信的采用适当的接地选线算法,选出接地支路;系统的接地选线算法包括:暂态电流法、暂态能量法、稳态电流法、稳态能量法以及人工智能深度学习法:通过对录波数据的深度学习,有效增加对特殊和高阻接地故障的判别;For any single-phase grounding fault, the system adopts the appropriate grounding line selection algorithm according to the characteristics of the grounding signal, and selects the grounding branch; the grounding line selection algorithm of the system includes: transient current method, transient energy method, Steady-state current method, steady-state energy method and artificial intelligence deep learning method: Through deep learning of recorded wave data, it can effectively increase the discrimination of special and high-resistance grounding faults;
4)对消弧线圈建立相应数学模型,通过数学模型建立录波数据和消弧线圈动态特性指标的关系,从而推算出消弧线圈动态特性,包括:动作时间、动态响应速度及跟踪灵敏度实时在线分析、电容电流检测精度及消弧线圈调节范围动态监视、对接地状态与串联谐振状态的辨识能力等,消弧线圈动态特性的计算及监测也保证了在经消弧接地系统中,选线的准确性;4) Establish a corresponding mathematical model for the arc suppression coil, and establish the relationship between the recorded wave data and the dynamic characteristic index of the arc suppression coil through the mathematical model, so as to calculate the dynamic characteristics of the arc suppression coil, including: action time, dynamic response speed and tracking sensitivity are real-time online Analysis, capacitance current detection accuracy and dynamic monitoring of arc suppression coil adjustment range, ability to identify grounding state and series resonance state, etc. The calculation and monitoring of arc suppression coil dynamic characteristics also ensure that in the arc suppression grounding system, line selection is accuracy;
5)监视电网过电压现象,记录过电压录波数据,对超过10秒的过电压现象在线诊断故障类型和故障区域,对小于10秒的过电压现象进行录波记录。根据变电站的实际过电压情况,对变电站各设备的绝缘配合进行分析;5) Monitor the overvoltage phenomenon of the power grid, record the overvoltage recording data, diagnose the fault type and fault area online for the overvoltage phenomenon exceeding 10 seconds, and record the overvoltage phenomenon less than 10 seconds. According to the actual overvoltage situation of the substation, the insulation coordination of each equipment in the substation is analyzed;
6)能够实现支路出口跳闸,配合运行要求,可设定支路轮跳闸、选跳闸功能;配合线路保护、重合闸,可实现合于故障后加速功能,确保系统安全稳定运行;6) It can realize branch outlet trip, and can set branch wheel trip and selective trip functions according to the operation requirements; cooperate with line protection and reclosing, can realize the acceleration function after closing to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system;
7)通过后台录波数据离线分析软件对录波数据进行分析,通过录波数据的分析可以发现信号接错、接反的情况,并可以通过软件进行调整;7) Analyze the recorded wave data through the offline analysis software of the background recorded wave data. Through the analysis of the recorded wave data, it can be found that the signal is connected incorrectly or reversely, and can be adjusted through the software;
8)采用集中式与分布式光纤通讯方式,模块化硬件,系统数据采集扩展单元与核心控制器可通过光纤连接,实现电气上的可靠隔离,提升系统运行的安全性;8) Adopt centralized and distributed optical fiber communication mode, modular hardware, system data acquisition expansion unit and core controller can be connected by optical fiber to achieve reliable electrical isolation and improve the safety of system operation;
9)通过IP网接入后台分析工作站,由后台分析工作站统一管理、分析各装置录波数据,监控各装置运行;9) Access the background analysis workstation through the IP network, and the background analysis workstation will manage and analyze the recorded wave data of each device in a unified manner, and monitor the operation of each device;
10)采用集中式与分布式光纤通讯方式,模块化硬件,系统数据采集扩展单元与核心控制器可通过光纤连接,实现电气上的可靠隔离,提升系统运行的安全性。10) Adopt centralized and distributed optical fiber communication mode, modularized hardware, system data acquisition expansion unit and core controller can be connected by optical fiber to achieve reliable electrical isolation and improve the safety of system operation.
与现有技术比较,本发明的优点是:Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:
1.采用本技术方案,可以自动定位故障区段,不需要人工干预,减少了巡线工作量;1. Using this technical solution, the fault section can be automatically located without manual intervention, which reduces the workload of line inspection;
2.通过重新设计的电流互感器线圈,将其检测精度优于5%;2. Through the redesigned current transformer coil, its detection accuracy is better than 5%;
3.利用433MHz无线通信模块,将线路上的所有故障指示器组成网络运行,通过后台软件可以从全局层面大幅度提高故障判别及故障地位的准确性,杜绝误报和漏报现象;3. Using the 433MHz wireless communication module, all the fault indicators on the line are formed into a network to run. Through the background software, the accuracy of fault identification and fault status can be greatly improved from the global level, and the phenomenon of false positives and false negatives can be eliminated;
4.采用综合故障诊断系统作为故障定位系统的上位控制部分,实现了对各故障指示器电子部分的管理,实现了对注入信号源的控制,实现了故障定位的最终定位算法4. The integrated fault diagnosis system is used as the upper control part of the fault location system, which realizes the management of the electronic parts of each fault indicator, realizes the control of the injected signal source, and realizes the final location algorithm of fault location.
5.本技术方案所述的系统装置,同时具有单相接地、谐振等故障诊断功能;5. The system device described in this technical solution also has fault diagnosis functions such as single-phase grounding and resonance;
6.在接地故障判别上,创新性地提出了主流人工智能算法库,建立高纬时空数据,开展不同类型故障仿真,实现基于深度学习的特征自学习,从而将接地故障的判别准确率大幅提高。6. In the ground fault identification, the mainstream artificial intelligence algorithm library is innovatively proposed, the high-latitude spatiotemporal data is established, the simulation of different types of faults is carried out, and the feature self-learning based on deep learning is realized, thereby greatly improving the ground fault identification accuracy. .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的系统硬件构成示意图;Fig. 1 is the system hardware constitution schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2是本发明的系统硬件布局示意图;Fig. 2 is the system hardware layout schematic diagram of the present invention;
图3是本发明系统组网方式示意图;3 is a schematic diagram of a system networking mode of the present invention;
图4是本发明故障选线装置的工作流程方框图;Fig. 4 is the work flow block diagram of the fault line selection device of the present invention;
图5a至图5c是本发明具有半自锁卡紧机构的故障指示器的安装过程示意图;5a to 5c are schematic diagrams of the installation process of the fault indicator with the semi-self-locking clamping mechanism of the present invention;
图6a至图6b是本发明具有半自锁卡紧机构的故障指示器的拆卸过程示意图;6a to 6b are schematic diagrams of the disassembly process of the fault indicator with the semi-self-locking clamping mechanism of the present invention;
图7a至图7b是本发明故障指示器可拆卸式电池仓的装卸方式示意图。7a to 7b are schematic diagrams of the assembling and disassembling manner of the detachable battery compartment of the fault indicator according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1和图2中,本发明的技术方案,提供了一种人工智能深度学习下的智能配网故障诊断定位综合系统。In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the technical solution of the present invention provides an integrated system for fault diagnosis and location of intelligent distribution network under artificial intelligence deep learning.
为了准确定位相间短路故障和单相接地故障,系统至少需三部分组成:In order to accurately locate phase-to-phase short-circuit faults and single-phase-to-ground faults, the system needs at least three parts:
1.站内接地判断及选线设备;1. Grounding judgment and line selection equipment in the station;
2.站外线路故障指示器;2. Line fault indicator outside the station;
3.无线通信部分。3. The wireless communication part.
站内故障判断及选线装置安装在变电站内,其主要功能为实时监控变压器中性点的零序电压及零序电流,当检测到零序电压和零序电流超过设定值时,即启动零序故障诊断,辨识出是否为稳定的单相接地故障,然后辨识出具体故障线路及故障相,同时,通过无线通信前置机召回故障相的故障指示器电流,根据故障指示器故障点前后电流大小发生突变的原理来定位具体故障点位置并输出信号给监控设备。The fault judgment and line selection device in the substation is installed in the substation. Its main function is to monitor the zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current of the neutral point of the transformer in real time. When the zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current are detected to exceed the set value, the zero-sequence Sequence fault diagnosis, identify whether it is a stable single-phase grounding fault, and then identify the specific fault line and fault phase. The principle of sudden change in size is used to locate the specific fault point and output a signal to the monitoring equipment.
站外线路上(亦称线路中,下同)的故障指示器是检测负荷电流及故障电流的主体,直接挂在线路上,通过线路感应取电和后备电池获得工作电流,电流互感器线圈可以采集线路上的暂态电流。故障指示器自带短距离无线通信模块,可以上传实时数据、历时数据和故障数据。The fault indicator on the line outside the station (also known as the line, the same below) is the main body to detect the load current and fault current. It is directly hung on the line, and the working current is obtained through the line induction and the backup battery. The current transformer coil can collect the line. transient currents on. The fault indicator comes with a short-range wireless communication module, which can upload real-time data, duration data and fault data.
无线通讯部分可分为短距离无线设备和VPN 4G设备,站内的通信前置机和站外的线路故障指示器上都具有短距离无线模块,站内通信前置机的功能是通过无线模块与线路故障指示器建立无线链路,集中数据;站外故障指示器上的无线模块功能为担任无线中继器及传输本地数据;同时现场的数据可通过VPN 4G模块和远端的主站进行数据交互。The wireless communication part can be divided into short-distance wireless equipment and
用短距离无线传输模块和VPN 4G无线模块可将线路上的故障指示器和变电站端的接地故障选线设备、继电保护设备、后台主站等有机结合起来,综合判断线路的短路故障、接地故障。Using the short-distance wireless transmission module and
整个系统从功能模块上划分,由以下模块构成:The entire system is divided into functional modules and consists of the following modules:
1)定位决策装置:这是整个系统的核心,用于完成整个故障的定位。1) Positioning decision-making device: This is the core of the entire system and is used to complete the positioning of the entire fault.
2)数据集中器:负责各无线通讯模块与定位决策装置之间的通讯。2) Data concentrator: responsible for the communication between each wireless communication module and the positioning decision-making device.
3)接地检测(综诊)装置:负责判断系统单相接地支路。3) Grounding detection (comprehensive diagnosis) device: responsible for judging the single-phase grounding branch of the system.
4)后台/GIS:负责显示、存储故障定位结果。此部分装置是站方原有装置。4) Background/GIS: Responsible for displaying and storing fault location results. This part of the device is the original device of the station.
5)线路故障指示器:进行故障判断并定位,为所有的后台服务提供线路电流的实时运行情况。5) Line fault indicator: to judge and locate faults, and to provide real-time operation status of line current for all background services.
其中,线路中的故障指示器每组3只,分别监测线路的ABC三相。每个故障指示器中均包括短距离无线模块,传输距离为2-5km(空旷地带),并且相互之间可以级联组成网络,当接收到故障选线召唤时可以将数据接力传回故障选线装置。Among them, there are 3 fault indicators in each group to monitor the ABC three-phase of the line respectively. Each fault indicator includes a short-distance wireless module with a transmission distance of 2-5km (open area), and can be cascaded to form a network. When the fault line selection call is received, the data can be relayed back to the fault selector. line device.
线路中故障指示器的组网方式如图3中所示,各个故障指示器之间采用无线级联组网模式,故障指示器与通讯前置机之间,同样采用无线级联组网模式。The networking mode of the fault indicator in the line is shown in Figure 3. The wireless cascading networking mode is adopted between each fault indicator, and the wireless cascading networking mode is also adopted between the fault indicator and the communication front-end computer.
本发明技术方案中的智能配网故障诊断定位综合系统,对于相间短路故障,主要由挂在线路上的故障指示器来完成,当故障指示器检测到线路电流发生突变并且满足相应判据时就可以判定发生线路断线或者相间短路故障,随后由故障诊断系统上位机采集各故障指示器的数据并完成故障定位。对于接地故障,由安装在变电站内的综合故障诊断系统上位机配合线路上的故障指示器完成定位。The intelligent distribution network fault diagnosis and positioning integrated system in the technical scheme of the present invention is mainly completed by the fault indicator hung on the line for the interphase short-circuit fault. When the fault indicator detects that the line current has a sudden change and satisfies the corresponding criterion, It is determined that the line disconnection or interphase short-circuit fault occurs, and then the fault diagnosis system upper computer collects the data of each fault indicator and completes the fault location. For the ground fault, the location is completed by the upper computer of the integrated fault diagnosis system installed in the substation and the fault indicator on the line.
相间短路检测原理是:挂在线路上的故障指示器通过感应流过线路中的突变电流来确认短路故障。The principle of phase-to-phase short-circuit detection is that the fault indicator hung on the line confirms the short-circuit fault by inducing the sudden change of current flowing through the line.
根据短路时的特征,故障指示器可以通过电磁感应方法测量线路中的电流突变及持续时间判断故障。因此它是一种适应负荷电流变化,只与故障时短路电流分量有关的故障检测装置。其主要判据为:According to the characteristics of the short circuit, the fault indicator can judge the fault by measuring the sudden change and duration of the current in the line by the electromagnetic induction method. Therefore, it is a fault detection device that adapts to the change of load current and is only related to the short-circuit current component at fault. Its main criteria are:
1.线路中正的突变电流大于设定值(Iset),并且持续一段时间(默认值为2周期40ms);1. The positive sudden change of current in the line is greater than the set value (Iset) and lasts for a period of time (the default value is 2 cycles of 40ms);
2.电流发生突变后2S后检测到断路器跳闸,线路电流降为0(时间可设置,也可根据实际需求取消该设置,则无论是否重合闸成功,均有事件上报)。2. The circuit breaker is detected to trip 2S after the sudden change of current, and the line current drops to 0 (the time can be set, or the setting can be canceled according to the actual demand, no matter whether the reclosing is successful or not, an event will be reported).
根据以上两点条件,短路判据可以设定如下:According to the above two conditions, the short-circuit criterion can be set as follows:
It≥Iset;It≥Iset;
Ins=0。Ins=0.
在以上2个判据中:It为突变量电流启动值,Ins为自电流突变起n秒后所测的线路电流。此时,断路器已经跳闸,线路电流降为0。In the above two criteria: It is the starting value of the sudden change current, and Ins is the line current measured after n seconds since the current sudden change. At this point, the circuit breaker has tripped and the line current has dropped to zero.
在短路判断过程中,对于雷击主要通过40ms的持续时间进行滤除,对于励磁电流则主要通过电流直流分量以及后台主站和继电保护装置之间的信息通信来排除。且如果为励磁电流,系统不会跳闸,在n秒过后电网供电依然正常。In the short-circuit judgment process, the lightning strike is mainly filtered through the duration of 40ms, and the excitation current is mainly eliminated through the current DC component and the information communication between the background master station and the relay protection device. And if it is the excitation current, the system will not trip, and the grid power supply is still normal after n seconds.
本发明的技术方案中,当站内设备诊断出故障后,通过故障指示器在线监测线路中故障点前后电流信号的差异化变化,从而对故障进行定位。In the technical scheme of the present invention, after the equipment in the station diagnoses the fault, the differential change of the current signal before and after the fault point in the line is monitored online by the fault indicator, so as to locate the fault.
1.核心判据:1. Core criteria:
核心判据为:提出多维度(时间、空间和目标)城市配电网故障多维智能研判及定位框架,构建基于人工智能深度学习和高纬时空数据驱动的城市配电网运行状态分析评估模型,建立城市配电网多系统协调配合的控制和应用机制与相应体系。多维度(时间、空间和目标)城市配电网故障多维智能研判及定位业务框架。包含:The core criteria are: propose a multi-dimensional (time, space and target) multi-dimensional intelligent judgment and positioning framework for urban distribution network faults, build an analysis and evaluation model of urban distribution network operation status based on artificial intelligence deep learning and high-latitude spatiotemporal data drive, Establish a control and application mechanism and corresponding system for the coordination and cooperation of multiple systems in the urban distribution network. Multi-dimensional (time, space and target) urban distribution network fault multi-dimensional intelligent judgment and positioning business framework. Include:
时间维:横向数据采集与边缘计算,纵向递阶控制序列;短周期故障判定及定位,长周期状态评估、趋势分析与辅助决策(包括接地故障电容电流补偿、过电压及系统闪络等问题治理措施和方案)Time dimension: horizontal data acquisition and edge computing, vertical hierarchical control sequence; short-period fault determination and location, long-period state assessment, trend analysis and auxiliary decision-making (including ground fault capacitor current compensation, overvoltage and system flashover and other problems management measures and programs)
空间维:站内故障判别与故障支路确认、站外(线路)区段精确定位;站内数据采集与智能研判,站外(线路)数据支撑与处置联动。Spatial dimension: in-station fault identification and fault branch confirmation, accurate positioning of out-station (line) sections; in-station data collection and intelligent research and judgment, and out-station (line) data support and processing linkage.
目标维:故障判别、支路确认、区段定位、辅助决策与优化提升。Target dimension: fault identification, branch confirmation, section location, auxiliary decision-making and optimization improvement.
智能研判及定位业务框架:从“故障判别”到“故障支路确认”再到“区段定位”,实现三阶段一体化分级分层递进缩小故障点,准确辨识故障类型和故障点区段位置Intelligent research, judgment and positioning business framework: From "fault identification" to "fault branch confirmation" to "section positioning", it realizes three-stage integration, hierarchical and progressive reduction of fault points, and accurate identification of fault types and fault point sections. Location
2.检测原理:2. Detection principle:
在电网正常工作和发生稳定接地故障时时,系统故障点前后故障分量差异化较大,利用这一特点,在系统发生稳定接地故障时,调取故障支路故障指示器的录波状态信息,经过故障综合定位判别从而确认故障点。When the power grid is working normally and a stable grounding fault occurs, the fault components before and after the system fault point are quite different. Using this feature, when a stable grounding fault occurs in the system, the wave recording status information of the fault indicator of the faulty branch is retrieved and passed through. The fault is comprehensively located and judged to confirm the fault point.
3.判断方法:3. Judgment method:
如图4中所示,本技术方案利用变电站内的接地故障判断选线诊断装置,实时监控变压器中性点的零序电压,当检测到零序电压变动值超出15%(经消弧线圈接地系统为30%)时,启动零序故障诊断,辨识出是否为单相接地故障,若为单相接地则通过站内的故障诊断装置进行接地选线,将接地故障定位在某线路的某一相上。并且当判断出单相接地故障为稳定故障时,故障接地选线装置通过通信前置机召回故障相线路上的故障指示器的实时电流数据,通过对比采集到的信号对比故障点前后数据差异,判断出发生突变的两个故障指示器即可判断出故障发生的具体区段。As shown in Figure 4, this technical solution uses the ground fault judgment and line selection diagnostic device in the substation to monitor the zero-sequence voltage of the neutral point of the transformer in real time. When the system is 30%), start the zero-sequence fault diagnosis to identify whether it is a single-phase grounding fault. superior. And when it is judged that the single-phase grounding fault is a stable fault, the fault grounding line selection device recalls the real-time current data of the fault indicator on the faulty phase line through the communication front-end machine, and compares the data difference before and after the fault point by comparing the collected signals. By judging the two fault indicators that have a sudden change, the specific section where the fault occurs can be judged.
本发明的技术方案,基于故障指示器、无线通信技术和接地故障选线技术,可以自动高效的检测出故障(线路断线、相间短路和单相接地)所在区段。故障选线上位机的故障定位软件系统与线路上具有通信功能的故障指示器相配合,在故障发生后的几分钟内即可在监控中心的地理信息系统图上给出故障位置和故障时间的指示信息,帮助维修人员迅速赶赴现场,排除故障,恢复正常供电,大大提高供电可靠性。其主要特点包括:The technical scheme of the present invention, based on the fault indicator, wireless communication technology and ground fault line selection technology, can automatically and efficiently detect the section where the fault (line disconnection, interphase short circuit and single-phase grounding) is located. The fault location software system of the fault line selection machine is matched with the fault indicator with communication function on the line, and the fault location and fault time can be given on the GIS map of the monitoring center within a few minutes after the fault occurs. The instruction information helps the maintenance personnel to quickly rush to the scene, troubleshoot the fault, restore the normal power supply, and greatly improve the reliability of the power supply. Its main features include:
1)自动定位故障区段,不需要人工干预,减少巡线工作量;1) Automatically locate the fault section without manual intervention, reducing the workload of line inspection;
2)重新设计了电流互感器线圈,将其检测精度优于5%;2) The current transformer coil is redesigned, and its detection accuracy is better than 5%;
3)利用433MHz无线通信模块,将线路上的所有故障指示器组成网络运行,通过后台软件可以从全局层面大幅度提高故障判别及故障地位的准确性,杜绝误报和漏报现象;3) Using the 433MHz wireless communication module, all the fault indicators on the line are formed into a network to run. Through the background software, the accuracy of fault identification and fault status can be greatly improved from the global level, and the phenomenon of false positives and false negatives can be eliminated;
4)采用综合故障诊断系统作为故障定位系统的上位控制部分,该部分实现了对各故障指示器电子部分的管理,实现了对注入信号源的控制,实现了故障定位的最终定位算法。该装置同时具有单相接地、谐振等故障诊断功能。4) The integrated fault diagnosis system is used as the upper control part of the fault location system, which realizes the management of the electronic parts of each fault indicator, the control of the injected signal source, and the final location algorithm of the fault location. The device also has fault diagnosis functions such as single-phase grounding and resonance.
5)在接地故障判别上,创新性地提出了入主流人工智能算法库,建立高纬时空数据,开展不同类型故障仿真,实现基于深度学习的特征自学习,从而将接地故障的判别准确率大幅提高。5) In terms of ground fault identification, innovatively proposed a mainstream artificial intelligence algorithm library, established high-latitude spatiotemporal data, carried out different types of fault simulations, and realized feature self-learning based on deep learning, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of ground fault identification. improve.
本技术方案中的故障指示器是安装于户外的设备,同时又是直接挂接于10KV线路上的。The fault indicator in the technical solution is a device installed outdoors, and at the same time, it is directly connected to the 10KV line.
在本技术方案中,各个故障指示器采用分级(杆)的形式进行悬挂设置,每级(杆)分A、B、C三相,每相对应一个故障指示器。两级(杆)相距太远无法通信则通过加装中继器的方式进行级联。故障指示器采用独立的标识编码,能通过无线级联组网方式将线路上的电流数数及谐波数据传到主站,经主站分析数据并对照编码得出所出故障的类型及位置。In this technical solution, each fault indicator is suspended in the form of grades (rods), each grade (rod) is divided into three phases A, B, and C, and each corresponding fault indicator. If the two stages (poles) are too far apart to communicate, they are cascaded by adding repeaters. The fault indicator adopts an independent identification code, which can transmit the current number and harmonic data on the line to the master station through wireless cascade networking. The master station analyzes the data and compares the code to obtain the type and location of the fault.
故障指示器的机械结构对于产品的整体的可靠与否以及故障指示系统的性能都有很大的关系。The mechanical structure of the fault indicator has a great relationship with the overall reliability of the product and the performance of the fault indication system.
本发明技术方案中的故障指示器采用半自锁式卡紧悬挂机构。考虑到故障指示器安装现场的危险因素及拆装操作;其结构和机构的配合需完成一定的半自锁功能。The fault indicator in the technical solution of the present invention adopts a semi-self-locking clamping suspension mechanism. Taking into account the dangerous factors and disassembly and assembly operations at the installation site of the fault indicator; the coordination of its structure and mechanism needs to complete a certain semi-self-locking function.
由于故障指示器的安装场合比较特殊,其固定结构类似一个夹子的卡扣,通过这个卡扣悬挂于10KV的电线上。由于在高空安装,这个卡扣打开后能暂时固定,在碰到架空电线时,卡扣闭合,则故障指示器就悬挂于电线上。当要取下时,往下拉故障指示器,则卡扣打开,打开到一定程度,则暂时固定,故障指示器就能从电线上取下。Due to the special installation situation of the fault indicator, its fixing structure is similar to the buckle of a clip, and it is hung on the 10KV wire through this buckle. Due to the high-altitude installation, the buckle can be temporarily fixed after being opened. When it encounters an overhead wire, the buckle is closed, and the fault indicator hangs on the wire. When it is to be removed, pull down the fault indicator, and the buckle will be opened. If it is opened to a certain extent, it will be temporarily fixed, and the fault indicator can be removed from the wire.
故障指示器通过半自锁卡紧机构的设计实现免接触式安全安装及拆卸,操作便捷而灵活。The fault indicator realizes contact-free safe installation and disassembly through the design of the semi-self-locking clamping mechanism, and the operation is convenient and flexible.
故障指示器安装过程如图5a至图5c中所示,当故障指示器上升时,首先是故障指示器的半自锁卡紧机构受到输电线下压,这时故障指示器的半自锁卡紧机构自动闭合,完成故障指示器的安装。之后,通过故障指示系统的配置就能正常工作了。The installation process of the fault indicator is shown in Figure 5a to Figure 5c. When the fault indicator rises, the semi-self-locking clamping mechanism of the fault indicator is first pressed by the transmission line, and then the semi-self-locking clamping mechanism of the fault indicator is pressed down by the power line. The tightening mechanism is automatically closed to complete the installation of the fault indicator. After that, the configuration of the fault indication system can work normally.
故障指示器安装、拆卸过程如图6a至图6b中所示,当要取下故障指示器时,下拉故障指示器,这时半自锁卡紧机构分开并锁定张开,这时就能取下故障指示器。The installation and removal process of the fault indicator is shown in Figure 6a to Figure 6b. When the fault indicator is to be removed, the fault indicator is pulled down, and the semi-self-locking clamping mechanism is separated and locked to open, and then it can be removed. fault indicator.
故障指示器是采用电池供电的,而且鉴于故障指示器的使用场合,所以电池仓的设计对于产品非常重要。The fault indicator is battery powered, and the design of the battery compartment is very important to the product given the application of the fault indicator.
为了便于安装和更换电池;同时要确保在拿放故障指示器时比较方便,本发明技术方案中故障指示器,采用可拆卸式电池仓和备用电池仓的结构形式,以方便电池仓的更换与扩容。In order to facilitate the installation and replacement of the battery, and at the same time to ensure that it is more convenient to handle the fault indicator, the fault indicator in the technical solution of the present invention adopts the structural form of a detachable battery compartment and a backup battery compartment, so as to facilitate the replacement and replacement of the battery compartment. Expansion.
如图7a和图7b中所示,故障指示器与其下方的电池仓之间采用可拆卸式结构,该结构借鉴了卡口式电灯泡与电灯座之间的旋转式卡口结构,向一侧旋转电池仓后,即可将电池仓卡固在故障指示器的下端,向另一侧旋转电池仓后,则可顺利地取下电池仓。As shown in Figures 7a and 7b, a detachable structure is used between the fault indicator and the battery compartment below it. After the battery compartment is installed, the battery compartment can be clamped to the lower end of the fault indicator, and the battery compartment can be removed smoothly after rotating the battery compartment to the other side.
通过更换不同容量的电池仓,即可实现电池仓的扩容。The capacity of the battery compartment can be expanded by replacing the battery compartment with different capacities.
本发明技术方案中的故障指示器,通过以下功能的实现,来实现其检测、监测功能:The fault indicator in the technical solution of the present invention realizes its detection and monitoring functions through the realization of the following functions:
1)在线取电:1) Take electricity online:
故障指示器挂在10KV的高压线上工作,当线路中电流较小时由电池供电,为了能让电池供电时间更长,当线路中电流较大时,直接取电供电路工作。这样就能提高故障指示器的使用寿命。The fault indicator hangs on the 10KV high-voltage line to work. When the current in the line is small, it is powered by the battery. In order to make the battery supply power for a longer time, when the current in the line is large, the power supply circuit is directly taken to work. This increases the service life of the fault indicator.
2)组网采集并上传数据:2) Network to collect and upload data:
故障指示器采用的短程无线通信,距离有限,所以不可能每个故障指示器都直接联到集中器。但同时为了使一个集中器能连接更多的故障指示器,以便节约成本。所以故障指示器之间需要考虑合适的组网方式。最后考虑用通信接力的方式,每次通信,一组故障指示器作为一个单元来完成一次通信。当然一组故障指示器个数不能太多,但三相加起来,对于一个集中器而言已经足够了。这样既节省了系统构建成本,同时也实现了短程无线通信的组网功能,而且这样,每个故障指示器在通信方面耗电也都类似,不会造成故障指示器电池寿命差别太大。The short-range wireless communication used by the fault indicators has limited distance, so it is impossible for each fault indicator to be directly connected to the concentrator. But at the same time, in order to make a concentrator connect more fault indicators, so as to save cost. Therefore, an appropriate networking method needs to be considered between the fault indicators. Finally, consider the way of communication relay. For each communication, a group of fault indicators is used as a unit to complete a communication. Of course, the number of fault indicators in a group cannot be too many, but the three-phase addition is enough for a concentrator. This not only saves the cost of system construction, but also realizes the networking function of short-range wireless communication, and in this way, the power consumption of each fault indicator is similar in terms of communication, and the battery life of the fault indicator is not too different.
3)故障判断:3) Fault judgment:
故障的准确判断是故障指示器的核心所在。这里为了确保能采集到故障信号,除了AD采样以外,通过主芯片的外部中断来判断信号的正负半波是否超过一定值,这样可以更快捕获故障信号。The accurate judgment of the fault is the core of the fault indicator. In order to ensure that the fault signal can be collected, in addition to AD sampling, the external interrupt of the main chip is used to determine whether the positive and negative half-waves of the signal exceed a certain value, so that the fault signal can be captured faster.
4)低功耗技术:4) Low power consumption technology:
由于故障指示器采用电池供电,所以电路的功耗直接决定了故障指示器的使用寿命。Since the fault indicator is powered by a battery, the power consumption of the circuit directly determines the service life of the fault indicator.
5)长时间正常工作:5) Normal work for a long time:
由于故障指示器是不间断工作,需要一直正常使用若干年,或者出现问题但能很快恢复到正常状态。Since the fault indicator works continuously, it needs to be used normally for several years, or there is a problem but it can be quickly restored to a normal state.
本发明技术方案中的故障指示器采用了电池、蓄电元件和在线取电三种供电方式共存的电源方案,当电网电流足够大可以在线取电时,优先采用在互感取电工作,并为蓄电元件储能,以此来节约电池的消耗,延长电池的使用寿命。The fault indicator in the technical solution of the present invention adopts a power supply scheme in which three power supply modes coexist, namely battery, power storage element and online power supply. The storage element stores energy, so as to save the consumption of the battery and prolong the service life of the battery.
故障指示器在结构上,增加了备用电池仓设计。在故障指示器体积基本不变的情况下,设计了备用电池仓,根据实际情况可以加入备用电池,以防本来的电池不够用影响故障指示器产品的使用寿命。这样使得供电的充足性得到一定的保证。In the structure of the fault indicator, a backup battery compartment design has been added. Under the condition that the volume of the fault indicator remains basically unchanged, a backup battery compartment is designed, and a backup battery can be added according to the actual situation to prevent the original battery from being insufficient and affecting the service life of the fault indicator product. In this way, the adequacy of power supply is guaranteed to a certain extent.
在此基础上,优化了电源切换电路和工作模式,在电网电流较大时唤醒主控芯片,在电网电流较小时主控芯片进入休眠状态。并在线路中加入了取电互感器快速饱和功能和过流保护电路,确保设备安全稳定运行。On this basis, the power switching circuit and working mode are optimized, and the main control chip is awakened when the grid current is large, and the main control chip enters the sleep state when the grid current is small. In addition, the fast saturation function of the power transformer and the overcurrent protection circuit are added to the line to ensure the safe and stable operation of the equipment.
在故障指示器的数据通信方面,采用每天定时上报电流负荷曲线,其它时刻,只有在故障发生时才会产生通信的方式,保证了无线通信模块功耗的控制。In the data communication of the fault indicator, the current load curve is reported regularly every day, and at other times, only when the fault occurs, the communication method will be generated, which ensures the control of the power consumption of the wireless communication module.
站内故障判别选线装置通过与站外线路故障指示器单元相配合,通过“故障判别、故障支路确认、区段定位”三阶段一体化分级分层递进研判定位。The in-station fault identification and line selection device cooperates with the out-of-station line fault indicator unit to determine the position through the three-stage integrated hierarchical and progressive research of "fault identification, fault branch confirmation, and section location".
具体的实现途径和方式如下:The specific implementation methods and methods are as follows:
1)全程实时录波技术:1) The whole process of real-time recording technology:
采用利用全时域、全频段、全类型监控的实时录波技术、全程记录所有零序回路信号,并进行综合故障在线诊断。Real-time recording technology using full time domain, full frequency band, and all types of monitoring is used to record all zero-sequence loop signals in the whole process, and conduct comprehensive online fault diagnosis.
2)故障特征库技术:2) Fault feature library technology:
建立独有的故障波形特征库的方式,通过对现场故障录播数据与故障特征库的比对实现对故障的准确辨识。同时,对于特定性波形可增加到原有的特征库中,以便丰富特征库。By establishing a unique fault waveform feature library, the fault can be accurately identified by comparing the on-site fault recording and broadcasting data with the fault feature library. At the same time, specific waveforms can be added to the original feature library to enrich the feature library.
3)基于暂稳态及人工智能深度学习的选线算法:3) Line selection algorithm based on transient steady state and artificial intelligence deep learning:
基于高采样率、全同步的实时录波,系统实时计算系统各母线的零序电压是否超限,若零序电压超限,则首先判断是否是PT断线等故障引起的电压异常,以防止选线误判。在确认PT输入信号正常后,则判定为电网发生单相接地,并随即开始接地支路判断。Based on the high sampling rate, fully synchronized real-time recording, the system calculates in real time whether the zero-sequence voltage of each bus in the system exceeds the limit. Misjudgment of line selection. After confirming that the PT input signal is normal, it is determined that the power grid is single-phase grounded, and the grounding branch judgment is started immediately.
对任何单相接地故障,系统会依据接地信号的特征,有针对信的采用适当的接地选线算法,选出接地支路。系统的接地选线算法包括:暂态电流法、暂态能量法、稳态电流法、稳态能量法以及人工智能深度学习法:通过对录波数据的深度学习,有效增加对特殊和高阻接地故障的判别。For any single-phase grounding fault, the system will select the grounding branch according to the characteristics of the grounding signal and use the appropriate grounding line selection algorithm for the signal. The system's grounding line selection algorithm includes: transient current method, transient energy method, steady-state current method, steady-state energy method and artificial intelligence deep learning method: through deep learning of recorded wave data, it can effectively increase the special and high resistance. Identification of ground faults.
4)消弧线圈动态特性计算及监测:4) Calculation and monitoring of dynamic characteristics of arc suppression coil:
对消弧线圈建立相应数学模型,通过数学模型建立录波数据和消弧线圈动态特性指标的关系,从而推算出消弧线圈动态特性,包括:动作时间、动态响应速度及跟踪灵敏度实时在线分析、电容电流检测精度及消弧线圈调节范围动态监视、对接地状态与串联谐振状态的辨识能力等,消弧线圈动态特性的计算及监测也保证了在经消弧接地系统中,选线的准确性。Establish a corresponding mathematical model for the arc suppression coil, and establish the relationship between the recorded wave data and the dynamic characteristic index of the arc suppression coil through the mathematical model, so as to calculate the dynamic characteristics of the arc suppression coil, including: real-time online analysis of action time, dynamic response speed and tracking sensitivity, Capacitance current detection accuracy and dynamic monitoring of arc suppression coil adjustment range, ability to identify grounding state and series resonance state, etc. The calculation and monitoring of arc suppression coil dynamic characteristics also ensure the accuracy of line selection in arc suppression grounding system .
5)过电压监视:5) Over voltage monitoring:
监视电网过电压现象,记录过电压录波数据,对超过10秒的过电压现象在线诊断故障类型和故障区域,对小于10秒的过电压现象进行录波记录。根据变电站的实际过电压情况,对变电站各设备的绝缘配合进行分析。Monitor the overvoltage phenomenon of the power grid, record the overvoltage recording data, diagnose the fault type and fault area online for the overvoltage phenomenon that exceeds 10 seconds, and record the overvoltage phenomenon less than 10 seconds. According to the actual overvoltage situation of the substation, the insulation coordination of each equipment in the substation is analyzed.
6)软硬件系统的先进性:6) The advanced nature of software and hardware systems:
整个系统采用DSP+ARM+FPGA的纳秒级、分布式多模块控制硬件结构,以及分层式软件体系结构,系统功能模式开放,易于多功能实现。The whole system adopts nanosecond-level, distributed multi-module control hardware structure of DSP+ARM+FPGA, and layered software architecture. The system function mode is open and easy to realize multi-function.
7)选跳闸及轮切跳闸等功能:7) Select tripping and wheel cut tripping and other functions:
可实现支路出口跳闸,配合运行要求,可设定支路轮跳闸、选跳闸功能;配合线路保护、重合闸,可实现合于故障后加速功能,确保系统安全稳定运行。It can realize branch exit trip, and according to the operation requirements, the branch wheel trip and optional trip functions can be set; with line protection and reclosing, it can realize the acceleration function after closing to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.
8)工程接线及极性纠错:8) Engineering wiring and polarity error correction:
可以通过后台录波数据离线分析软件对录波数据进行分析,通过录波数据的分析可以发现信号接错、接反的情况,并可以通过软件进行调整。The recorded wave data can be analyzed through the offline analysis software of the background wave data. Through the analysis of the recorded wave data, the wrong or reversed connection of the signal can be found, and the adjustment can be made through the software.
9)具有后台分析管理功能:9) With background analysis and management functions:
装置通过IP网接入后台分析工作站,由后台分析工作站统一管理、分析各装置录波数据,监控各装置运行。后台分析工作站可根据需要提供多种分析工具。The device is connected to the background analysis workstation through the IP network, and the background analysis workstation manages and analyzes the recorded wave data of each device and monitors the operation of each device. The background analysis workstation can provide a variety of analysis tools as needed.
10)高可靠、易扩展:10) High reliability and easy expansion:
采用集中式与分布式光纤通讯方式,模块化硬件,系统数据采集扩展单元与核心控制器可通过光纤连接,实现电气上的可靠隔离,提升系统运行的安全性。Adopt centralized and distributed optical fiber communication mode, modular hardware, system data acquisition expansion unit and core controller can be connected by optical fiber to achieve reliable electrical isolation and improve the safety of system operation.
本发明的技术方案,基于故障指示器、无线通信技术和接地故障选线技术,采用站内故障判别选线装置通过与站外线路故障指示器单元相配合,通过“故障判别、故障支路确认、区段定位”三阶段一体化分级分层递进研判定位,故障选线上位机中的故障定位软件系统与线路上的故障指示器相配合,在监控中心的地理信息系统图上给出故障位置和故障时间的指示信息,实现了对10kV配网线路发生接地、短路和断线故障时提供精确的故障定位服务,同时现实了对配电网络的无盲区监控,有助于帮助维修人员迅速赶赴现场,排除故障,恢复正常供电,大大提高了供电可靠性。The technical scheme of the present invention is based on the fault indicator, wireless communication technology and ground fault line selection technology, and adopts the in-station fault discrimination line selection device to cooperate with the out-station line fault indicator unit, through "fault discrimination, fault branch confirmation, "Segment location" three-stage integrated hierarchical and progressive research and location, the fault location software system in the fault line selection machine cooperates with the fault indicator on the line, and the fault location is given on the GIS map of the monitoring center It can provide accurate fault location services when grounding, short-circuit and disconnection faults occur in the 10kV distribution network. At the same time, it realizes the monitoring of the distribution network without blind spots, which helps maintenance personnel to quickly rush to On-site, troubleshooting, restore normal power supply, greatly improve the reliability of power supply.
本发明可广泛用于配电网运行故障的监控和定位领域。The invention can be widely used in the field of monitoring and locating the operation fault of the distribution network.
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