CN111579604B - Rotatable planar capacitance tomography sensor - Google Patents
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- CN111579604B CN111579604B CN202010430629.5A CN202010430629A CN111579604B CN 111579604 B CN111579604 B CN 111579604B CN 202010430629 A CN202010430629 A CN 202010430629A CN 111579604 B CN111579604 B CN 111579604B
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- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/226—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rotatable planar capacitance tomography sensor, which comprises: the device comprises a planar capacitance measuring electrode array, a substrate, a shielding shell, a sleeve, a fixed end cap, a rotary position indicating sheet and initial and final position indicating sheets. The plane capacitance measuring electrode array is arranged on the upper plane of the substrate, the lower plane of the substrate is connected with a rotating central shaft, and the rotating central shaft sequentially passes through a central hole of the shielding shell and the sleeve and is finally connected with a fixed end cap with a rotating position indicating sheet. The electrode array is a plurality of equally-distributed sector outer ring electrodes and inner ring electrodes which are formed by taking the center of the substrate as an origin, and the electrode array is staggered, and gaps are arranged between the sector inner arcs of the outer ring electrodes and the sector outer arcs of the inner ring electrodes. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the anisotropic medium with different degrees of dielectric constant can be detected, so that the sensitivity is uniformly distributed under different conditions, and the PECT can obtain better imaging effects in various mediums.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an electrical tomography sensor, and more particularly to a rotatable planar capacitive tomography sensor.
Background
Planar capacitance tomography (Planar Electrical Capacitance Tomography, PECT) obtains a set of column capacitance measurements from an array of electrodes distributed in the same plane, and reconstructs an image of the distribution of the medium using the relationship between the measured dielectric constant epsilon and the distribution of the medium, and has a wide range of application scenarios. The number of electrodes of a common PECT sensor is 12 or 16, and 66 or 120 independent measurement numbers can be obtained by one measurement respectively.
For object detection and damage detection, particularly when dielectric constants of media show anisotropy, damage mechanisms are very complex, accurate estimation and measurement are difficult, detection can be usually performed from one surface, and traditional electrical tomography is difficult to implement, so that the method has important significance for the research of planar capacitance tomography technology.
For the design of the PECT sensor, many researchers at home and abroad have proposed a variety of different designs. Chen DX et al designed a square PECT sensor (Chen DX, hu X H and Yang W Q. Design of a security screening system with a capacitance sensor matrix operating in single-electrode mode. Meas. Sci. Technology, 22,114026.) for metal cutting tools, the electrode was simple in construction, but for different degrees of anisotropic media, greater sensitivity was concentrated either under the electrode or in the electrode gap. Tholin-Chittenden C et al designed a sensor incorporating multiple PECT electrodes (Tholin-Chittenden, C and Soleimani. Planar array capacitance imaging sensor design optimization. IEEE sensor Journal,174,1-13.) and verified the effect of the sensor by detecting wood blocks suspended in air and water bottles in sandboxes, which can optimize sensitivity distribution using multiple electrode fusion, but the effects of multiple electrodes on each other when integrated on the same sensor are not negligible.
The existing PECT sensor is mainly designed for dielectric constant isotropic materials, the larger sensitivity is mainly distributed in the electrode gap, and the dielectric constant anisotropy analysis is less considered. When the degree of anisotropy of the medium, such as the ratio of the dielectric constant in the horizontal direction to the dielectric constant in the thickness direction is large, the large sensitivity value is distributed at the edge of the electrode, and when the degree of anisotropy of the medium is small, the large sensitivity value is distributed in the gap between the electrodes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the technology, the invention aims to provide a rotatable planar capacitance tomography sensor capable of detecting different dielectric constant anisotropy degrees of media so as to realize that sensitivity is uniformly distributed under different conditions, thereby leading PECT to obtain better imaging effects in various media.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a rotatable plane electric capacity tomography sensor, includes plane electric capacity measuring electrode array, base plate, shielding shell, sleeve, rotary mechanism, initial position indicator and termination position indicator, plane electric capacity measuring electrode array sets up the plane formation measurement channel on the base plate, shielding shell, sleeve pass through rotary mechanism in proper order and connect.
The rotating mechanism comprises a central shaft, a sleeve and a fixed end cap, wherein the central shaft, the sleeve and the fixed end cap are arranged on the lower plane of the substrate and are connected, an initial position indicating sheet and a termination position indicating sheet are arranged on the sleeve, a rotating position indicating sheet is fixed on the fixed end cap, the rotating central shaft sequentially penetrates through a central hole of the shielding shell and the sleeve to be connected with the fixed end cap, and an included angle between the initial position indicating sheet and the termination position indicating sheet is 45 degrees.
The electrode array is a plurality of equally-included-angle-distributed sector areas formed by taking the center of the substrate as an origin, the measuring channels are sector outer ring electrodes and inner ring electrodes which are arranged in a staggered mode in the sector areas, and gaps are arranged between sector inner arcs of the outer ring electrodes and sector outer arcs of the inner ring electrodes.
The duty ratio of staggered arrangement of the fan-shaped outer ring electrode and the inner ring electrode is 1:1 or 1:2 or 2:1.
The surface areas of the fan-shaped outer ring electrode and the fan-shaped inner ring electrode are the same.
The measuring channel is formed by 16 copper layer electrodes.
The gap is 1mm.
The shielding shell is a round copper thin-layer flat plate, the edge of the shielding shell is provided with an upward vertical edge, and the substrate is a cylinder or a cuboid made of FR4 material and is embedded into the shielding shell.
A shielding structure is arranged between the electrodes.
The electrode is a PCB copper layer.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the anisotropy of different degrees of dielectric constants can be detected, so that the sensitivity of the sensor is uniformly distributed under different conditions, and the PECT can obtain better imaging effects in various media.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a rotatable sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a rotatable sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sensor of the present invention from below;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sensor assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the sensor operation principle of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a gray scale of sensitivity distribution before and after addition of electrode rotation action according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1. PCB copper layer electrode 1-1, outer ring electrode 1-2, and inner ring electrode
2. Base plate 3, fixed end cap 3-1, center shaft
4. Rotary position indicator 5, shielding case 6, sleeve
7. Initial position indicator 8 and end position indicator
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the main body of the sensor includes 16 copper layer electrode measuring channels 1, a base plate 2, a central shaft 3-1 fixed on the base plate 2, a fixed end cap 3, a position indicating piece 4 fixed on the end cap 3, a shield case 5, a sleeve 6 fixed on the shield case, an initial position indicating piece 7 and a final position indicating piece 8.
The rotation mechanism includes a central shaft 3-1 fixed to the base plate, a fixed end cap 3, and a rotation position indicating piece 4 fixed to the fixed end cap 3. When rotating, the fixed end cap is rotated to drive the central shaft, the substrate and the electrode to rotate. The end cap is manually rotated, and the position indicating sheet and the central shaft rotate, so that the substrate with the measuring electrode array is driven to rotate.
The electrode array is a plurality of equally-included-angle-distributed sector areas formed by taking the center of the substrate as an origin, the measuring channels are sector outer ring electrodes and inner ring electrodes which are arranged in the sector areas in a staggered mode, and gaps are arranged between sector inner arcs of the outer ring electrodes and sector outer arcs of the inner ring electrodes.
The radius of the center circle of the substrate is used as a first radius, namely the distance between the inner arc of the fan-shaped inner ring electrode and the origin is 3mm, the distance between the outer arc of the fan-shaped inner ring electrode and the origin is 31.12mm, the radius of the inner arc of the fan-shaped outer ring electrode is used as a third radius, and the distance between the outer arc of the fan-shaped outer ring electrode and the origin is 45mm, and the radius of the outer arc of the fan-shaped outer ring electrode is used as a fourth radius. The inner ring electrode is composed of a partial arc and a partial radius of a first radius circle and a second radius circle, and the outer ring electrode is composed of a partial arc and a partial radius of a third radius circle and a fourth radius circle. The areas of the inner ring electrode and the outer ring electrode are the same. The electrode 1 is a PCB copper layer, and the substrate 2 is made of FR4 material. The shielding shell is a copper thin layer, the included angle between the initial position indicating sheet 7 and the end position indicating sheet 8 is 45 degrees, and the central angle of the position indicating sheet 4 is 22.5 degrees.
As shown in the schematic structural diagram of each part of the sensor shown in fig. 5, the fixed end cap 3 is rotated to drive the rotary position indicating piece 4 and the central shaft 3-1 fixed on the substrate to rotate, so as to drive the substrate provided with the measuring channel to rotate, and the rotary position indicating piece rotates from the position close to the initial position indicating piece 7 to the position close to the end position indicating piece 8, thereby realizing 22.5 DEG rotation. The duty ratio of the electrode 1 is 1:1, so that the area of the electrode and the interelectrode gap is the same, and the dielectric constant anisotropy can obtain higher sensitivity in a field of the sensor close to half no matter the strength.
As shown in the schematic diagram of the working principle of the sensor shown in fig. 6, the computer, the singlechip and the LCR meter are all in an on state during measurement, and the singlechip and the LCR meter control program are developed based on Qt. The 16 channels of the measuring electrode array 1 are connected to the 16 switch sides of the switch unit respectively by wires through a central axis, and the LCR meter is connected to the other side of the switch. During measurement, the computer is communicated with the single chip microcomputer and the LCR meter firstly, then the computer sends a control instruction to the single chip microcomputer, the measurement channel 1 is connected with the LCR meter in an excitation mode, the measurement channel 2 is connected with the LCR meter in a measurement mode to obtain a measurement number C12, then the connection of the measurement channel 2 is disconnected, and the measurement channel 3 is connected to the measurement end of the LCR meter to obtain measurement numbers C13 and … …. A total of 15 sets of measurement numbers are acquired when the measurement channel 1 is excited. The measuring channel 1 is disconnected from the excitation end, the measuring channel 2 is connected with the excitation end, and the measuring channel 3 is connected with the excitation end to obtain measurement numbers C23 and … …. And so on, 120 measurement numbers are obtained in total after one measurement is completed. After the first measurement is completed, the fixed end cap is rotated to enable the electrode to rotate 22.5 degrees, and then one measurement is carried out, and 240 measurement numbers are obtained in total in two measurements.
As shown in the sensitivity distribution diagrams before and after the addition of rotation in fig. 7, the object to be measured simulates a carbon fiber composite material, the fiber axial dielectric constant is set to 2160, and the radial dielectric constant is set to 1640. After rotation, the region where the original electrode is located becomes a gap, and the region where the gap is located becomes an electrode. The sensitivity becomes more uniform throughout the distribution, i.e. the distribution of the medium in more areas can be better reflected in the image reconstruction.
In the present embodiment, the number of measurement channels is 16, but other measurement channel numbers, such as 4,8,12, etc., may be used in the present invention.
In this embodiment, the number of electrode turns is 2, but other turns, such as 1,3,4, etc., may be used in the present invention.
The duty cycle of the electrode in this embodiment is 1:1, other duty cycle settings may be used in the present invention, such as 1:2,2:1, etc.
In this embodiment, the radius of the center gap is 3mm, and the gap between the two rings of electrodes is 1mm, but other gap sizes can be used in the present invention.
In this embodiment only the housing shield is provided, but the invention may also incorporate shields between the electrodes.
In the present embodiment, the substrate is a cylinder, but other shapes, such as a cuboid, may be adopted.
In this embodiment, the sensor is a PCB copper electrode, but the invention may also be used with other materials.
In this embodiment, the rotating mechanism is a nested cylinder structure, but the present invention may also use other shapes of transmission mechanism.
The object to be measured in the present embodiment is a carbon fiber composite material, but the present invention can also be applied to objects to be measured having different degrees of anisotropy.
In this embodiment, the angle between the initial position indicator and the final position indicator is 45 °, but other angles may be used in the present invention.
The rotation angle is 22.5 ° in the present embodiment, but other rotation angles, such as 11.25 °,33.75 °, etc., may be used in the present invention.
In this embodiment the sensor is rotated only 1 time, but the invention may also be used with other rotation times settings, such as 2,3,4, etc.
The present invention is described above by way of illustration and not limitation, and only one embodiment of the present invention is shown in the drawings, and if a person skilled in the art shall put forth a structural form similar to that of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rotatable planar capacitive tomography sensor, characterized by: the device comprises a plane capacitance measuring electrode array, a substrate, a shielding shell, a sleeve, a rotating mechanism, an initial position indicating sheet and a final position indicating sheet, wherein the plane capacitance measuring electrode array is arranged on the substrate to form a measuring channel on the plane, and the substrate, the shielding shell and the sleeve are sequentially connected through the rotating mechanism; the electrode array is a plurality of equally-included-angle-distributed sector areas formed by taking the center of the substrate as an origin, the measuring channels are sector outer ring electrodes and inner ring electrodes which are arranged in a staggered mode in the sector areas, and gaps are arranged between sector inner arcs of the outer ring electrodes and sector outer arcs of the inner ring electrodes.
2. A rotatable planar capacitive tomography sensor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the rotating mechanism comprises a central shaft, a sleeve and a fixed end cap, wherein the central shaft, the sleeve and the fixed end cap are arranged on the lower plane of the substrate and are connected, an initial position indicating sheet and a termination position indicating sheet are arranged on the sleeve, a rotating position indicating sheet is fixed on the fixed end cap, the rotating central shaft sequentially penetrates through a central hole of the shielding shell and the sleeve to be connected with the fixed end cap, and an included angle between the initial position indicating sheet and the termination position indicating sheet is 45 degrees.
3. A rotatable planar capacitive tomography sensor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the duty ratio of staggered arrangement of the fan-shaped outer ring electrode and the inner ring electrode is 1:1 or 1:2 or 2:1; the surface areas of the fan-shaped outer ring electrode and the fan-shaped inner ring electrode are the same.
4. A rotatable planar capacitive tomography sensor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the measuring channel is formed by 16 copper layer electrodes.
5. A rotatable planar capacitive tomography sensor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the gap is 1mm.
6. A rotatable planar capacitive tomography sensor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the shielding shell is a round copper thin-layer flat plate, the edge of the shielding shell is provided with an upward vertical edge, and the substrate is a cylinder or a cuboid made of FR4 material and is embedded into the shielding shell.
7. A rotatable planar capacitive tomography sensor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a shielding structure is arranged between the electrodes.
8. A rotatable planar capacitive tomography sensor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the electrode is a PCB copper layer.
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| CN202010430629.5A CN111579604B (en) | 2020-05-20 | 2020-05-20 | Rotatable planar capacitance tomography sensor |
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| CN111579604B true CN111579604B (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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| CN112730542B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2023-01-17 | 中国民航大学 | Planar array capacitance value imaging sensor |
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