CN111576662A - 一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体 - Google Patents

一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体 Download PDF

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CN111576662A
CN111576662A CN202010475970.2A CN202010475970A CN111576662A CN 111576662 A CN111576662 A CN 111576662A CN 202010475970 A CN202010475970 A CN 202010475970A CN 111576662 A CN111576662 A CN 111576662A
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board
bearing wall
building
steel frame
modular building
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张文元
刘晨
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Huayuan modular building technology (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd.
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Suzhou Zhongju Green Building Technology Co ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7604—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only fillings for cavity walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/562—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with fillings between the load-bearing elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
    • E04B2/60—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal characterised by special cross-section of the elongated members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology

Abstract

本发明提供一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，具体涉及建筑装置领域，包括钢框架，所述钢框架的两端设有承重柱，所述钢框架内填充有岩棉保温材料或轻质混凝土；且岩棉保温材料或轻质混凝土两侧设有第一建筑板材和第二建筑板材，第二建筑板材内侧设有防火功能板。本发明具有工期短、施工简单、劳动力消耗小的特点而且还具有较好的隔音、保温、防火性能。

Description

一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体
技术领域
本发明属于建筑装置领域，具体涉及一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体。
背景技术
模块化建筑是一种组装化技术，它用事先预制好的模块构件，比如墙体，组装成各种房屋，施工简便、组装灵活。模块构件在工厂中预制，便于组织工业化生产、提高工效、减少材料消耗、受季节影响小。模块化建筑具有施工速度快、抗震性能好、使用面积大、建筑自重轻、施工简便、组装灵活、用工用料省、模块构件可以设计等特点，因此在城市建设中具有很好的应用价值。
承重墙指支撑着上部楼层重量的墙体，承重墙破坏会严重影响整个建筑结构的承重安全。在我们的房屋中，楼板、家具以及其他室内物品的重量，都要通过楼板传递给承重墙，下层承重墙或者结构柱，再传递给基础。承重墙构成整个房屋的结构骨架，对于整个房屋，是决定安全的重要部分。近年随着国家推广模块化建筑，很多建筑工程采用了模块化施工技术，但大部分也是采用预制钢筋混凝土承重墙，传统钢筋混凝土墙体不仅重量大、成本高，而且施工工期长，劳动力消耗大；
针对上述不足，现需要一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，具有工期短、施工简单、劳动力消耗小的特点而且还具有较好的隔音、保温、防火等性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，具有工期短、施工简单、劳动力消耗小的特点而且还具有较好的隔音、保温、防火性能。
本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，包括钢框架，所述钢框架的两端设有承重柱，所述钢框架内填充有岩棉保温材料或轻质混凝土；且岩棉保温材料或轻质混凝土两侧设有第一建筑板材和第二建筑板材，第二建筑板材外侧设有防火功能板；第一建筑板材和第二建筑板材为(包括但不限于)水泥纤维板或石膏板或硅酸钙板等；防火功能板为(包括但不限于)玻镁平板或水泥纤维板或纤维增强硅酸盐板等；
优选的，所述钢框架包括一顶部上梁、一底部下梁、至少两根承重柱和若干根加强柱；顶部上梁和底部下梁自上而下平行设置，顶部上梁和底部下梁两端通过承重柱连接加强柱设置在顶部上梁和底部下梁之间，加强柱两端分别与顶部上梁、底部下梁的侧面连接；
优选的，承重柱的两端分别设有用于上下层受力传导的承重块；承重柱一圈开45～60度坡口，承重块尺寸与承重柱截面一致，采用单边融透焊接，且承重块端面需进行精密铣削加工；
优选的，所述底部下梁的下侧面对称设有至少两个加劲板，所述加劲板一端与底部下梁连接，所述加劲板另一端与楼板连接。
优选的，还包括两根斜撑，斜撑将顶部上梁的端部与底部槽钢的中部连接，斜撑与水平面成20至60度夹角，如此可确保支撑的稳固牢靠；
优选的，加强柱上还焊接有用于挂置重物的预埋铁板。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的优点是承重墙主要由钢框架和建筑用保温岩棉层或轻质混凝土层构成，具有工期短、施工简单、劳动力消耗小的特点而且还具有较好的隔音、保温、防火性能。这种新型的采用两侧大承重方钢管建筑荷载方式，可以达成30层以上预制建筑模块工程。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为图1中A-A剖面的结构示意图；
图3为图1中B-B剖面的结构示意图。
附图标记；1、第一建筑板材；2、岩棉保温层；3、防火功能板；4、第二建筑板材；5、钢框架；6、上梁(材料为型钢、钢方管或矩型管)；7、承重柱(材料为型钢、钢方管或矩型管)；8、承重块；9、下梁(材料为槽钢)；10、加劲板；11、预埋铁板；12、楼板；13、斜撑(材料为型钢、钢方管或矩型管)；14、加强柱(材料为型钢、钢方管或矩型管)；
具体实施方式
如图1至图3所示，一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，从外到内依次包括第一建筑板材、建筑岩棉保温层或轻质混凝土层2、防火功能板3和第二建筑板材4；建筑岩棉保温层或轻质混凝土层2内设有用于支撑建筑岩棉保温层或轻质混凝土层2的钢框架5，钢框架5由若干个较小竖向加强柱14构成，钢框架5的顶面焊有钢方管或其他型钢上梁6，顶部上梁6的一面与钢框架5齐平，顶部上梁6的另一面不得低于建筑岩棉保温层或轻质混凝土层2，顶部上梁6两端连接着承重柱7，承重柱7上下两端各焊接两块承重块8用于支撑上部楼层，钢框架5的底部下梁9，底部下梁9腹板与钢框架5一面齐平，底部下梁9内部还焊接有伸出的加劲板10，加劲板10用于将整个墙体连接到楼板上，钢框架5的两个竖向方钢管5之间平行的焊有若干个预埋铁板11，在钢框架5的加强柱中通常布置两道斜撑13用来加强整个钢框架5的稳定性。第一建筑板材1和第二建筑板材4为(包括但不限于)水泥纤维板或石膏板或硅酸钙板等；防火功能板3为(包括但不限于)玻镁平板或水泥纤维板或纤维增强硅酸盐板等；
由于承重墙体的建筑岩棉保温层或轻质混凝土层2较脆，不能够在上面直接钻孔来固定室内的家电、手扶等挂墙重物，因此，可通过焊接在钢框架5上的预埋铁板11将挂墙重物固定在墙体上。固定时，先根据测量好的尺寸在第二建筑板材4所在的一面钻孔并确保所钻的孔没入预埋铁板11内，再将挂墙重物栓接在预埋铁板11上；组装承重墙体时，将第一建筑板材所在的一面朝向室外，第二建筑板材4所在的一面朝向室内，将墙体底部的底部下梁槽钢9和槽钢内加劲板10置于浇筑楼板所用的模具内后向模具内浇筑混凝土，待混凝土凝固后墙体便与混凝土楼板12固定在一起；承重墙体的顶部和上部楼层相连接时，首先将上部楼层放置在墙体所围成的房屋框架的顶部，由于承重墙体的两端大承重柱上下焊接有承重块8，上下楼层的承重块8叠加用于上下层受力传导，而墙体和上部楼层之间因为承重块会留有空隙，在上部楼层和墙体之间所形成的空隙内放置天花桁架，天花桁架焊接在承重墙顶部上梁6上，并连接整个房间的承重墙体，通过天花桁架将一个房间的承重墙连接在一起。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，其中特征在于：包括钢框架，所述钢框架的两端设有承重柱，所述钢框架内填充有岩棉保温材料或轻质混凝土；且岩棉保温材料或轻质混凝土两侧设有第一建筑板材和第二建筑板材，第二建筑板材内侧设有防火功能板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，其特征在于：所述钢框架包括一顶部上梁、一底部下梁、至少两根承重柱和若干根加强柱；顶部上梁和底部下梁自上而下平行设置，顶部上梁和底部下梁两端通过承重柱连接加强柱设置在顶部上梁和底部下梁之间，加强柱两端分别与顶部上梁、底部下梁的侧面连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，其特征在于：承重柱的两端分别设有用于上下层受力传导的承重块。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，其特征在于：所述底部槽钢的下侧面对称设有至少两个加劲板，所述加劲板一端与底部槽钢连接，所述加劲板另一端与楼板连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，其特征在于：还包括两根斜撑，斜撑将上梁端部与下梁的中部连接，斜撑与水平面成20至60度夹角。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，其特征在于：加强型钢或钢管上还焊接有用于挂置重物的预埋铁板。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体，其特征在于：第一建筑板材和第二建筑板材为包括但不限于水泥纤维板或石膏板或硅酸钙板；防火功能板为包括但不限于玻镁平板或水泥纤维板或纤维增强硅酸盐板。
CN202010475970.2A 2020-05-29 2020-05-29 一种用于模块化建筑的预制承重墙体 Pending CN111576662A (zh)

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