CN111576117A - Roadbed structure crossing active fault and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Roadbed structure crossing active fault and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111576117A CN111576117A CN202010403114.6A CN202010403114A CN111576117A CN 111576117 A CN111576117 A CN 111576117A CN 202010403114 A CN202010403114 A CN 202010403114A CN 111576117 A CN111576117 A CN 111576117A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/04—Foundations produced by soil stabilisation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of roadbed structures, in particular to a roadbed structure passing through a movable fault and a construction method thereof. The top plate and the bottom plate separate the roadbed filling body from ground movement which possibly causes damage as far as possible, so that the roadbed structure is prevented from cracking or causing track deformation due to direct influence of the ground movement, and the anti-seismic performance of the roadbed structure is improved. The top plate and the bottom plate realize the limiting through the limiting key, but when the sliding fault moves in a staggered mode or the seismic intensity exceeds a certain threshold value, the limiting key is broken and loses the limiting function, the relatively fixed state of the top plate and the bottom plate is broken, the sliding mechanism is started, and the broken disc drives the bottom plate to horizontally displace relative to the top plate, so that the sliding mechanism adapts to the movement of the movable fault.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of roadbed structures, in particular to a roadbed structure passing through an active fault and a construction method thereof.
Background
A fault is a fractured structure in which there is significant relative displacement of the rock masses on either side of the fracture plane. Faults can be divided by fault displacement properties into slip faults and dip faults, where slip faults refer to faults in which rock masses move in opposite horizontal directions. The earthquake is closely related to the fault, the earthquake generation promotes the generation and the development of the fault, and the fault which moves in the past but is stable at present is called a dormant fault. Fractures that have had relatively intense seismic activity or are recently active during recent geologic periods (ten thousand years) and may continue to be active in the future (one hundred years later) are often designated as active fractures.
As shown in figure 1, the dislocation of the active fault can directly shear and damage the building, the damage to engineering is great, and the fault influence range is avoided in the engineering construction under the normal condition. However, with the rapid development of infrastructure in China, particularly railways and highways, part of projects have to cross active faults in recent years, and great difficulty is brought to project prevention and treatment. For example, the Tokawa railway under planning and construction passes through a plurality of movable fracture zones in sequence, and the distance between the lines and the closest fracture zone is only about 100 m.
The common roadbed structure is directly filled on the ground, is greatly influenced by ground movement, has limited shock resistance, and can cause the problems of roadbed dislocation, slippage, track distortion and deformation and the like under the action of fault active fracture. Once a bridge and tunnel project is damaged, repair is extremely difficult, so that a simpler and easily-repaired roadbed structure is generally required to be adopted for a line passing through a movable fracture zone. For this purpose, patent document CN207130545 proposes a high-speed railway roadbed structure with fracture zones, which lays geogrids in layers in a roadbed in an active fracture area, and sets the roadbed as a flexible structure to cope with the dislocation of active fracture, but it is only suitable for creep dislocation with less deformation. A novel roadbed structure spanning an active fault is also provided in patent document CN110804919, and the scheme adopts a displacement monitoring system and a homing pushing system to enable the roadbed to be at an initial position; the system relates to machinery and signal control, and is comparatively complicated, needs daily meticulous maintenance to need to construct the box culvert, the cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problem that the roadbed structure in the prior art is greatly influenced by ground motion and cannot adapt to larger horizontal deformation caused by a movable slip fault, the roadbed structure capable of penetrating through the movable fault and the construction method thereof are provided, so that the roadbed structure can penetrate through the movable fault and the cracking of the roadbed structure and the deformation of a track are avoided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a pass through roadbed structure of activity fault, includes the filling body, and filling body bottom is equipped with roof and bottom plate in proper order, and smooth connection between roof and the bottom plate, the bottom plate is fixed on disconnected dish, and roof and bottom plate pass through spacing key fixed connection.
The filling body is a main structure for bearing load. The top plate and the bottom plate are arranged at the bottom of the filling body, so that the roadbed filling body and ground movement which possibly causes damage are separated as far as possible, cracking or track deformation caused by the direct influence of the ground movement on the roadbed structure is avoided, and the anti-seismic performance of the roadbed structure is improved. The top plate and the bottom plate are fixedly connected through the limiting keys, so that the top plate and the bottom plate cannot move relatively when the train normally runs or under the action of a small earthquake, or the roadbed structure can be constructed smoothly. Because the top plate and the bottom plate are smoothly connected and have small enough friction coefficient, when the slippage fault is in dislocation motion or the seismic intensity exceeds a certain threshold value, the limit key is broken and loses the limit function, the relatively fixed state of the top plate and the bottom plate is broken, the sliding mechanism is started, the broken disc drives the bottom plate to generate horizontal displacement, and the broken disc is not enough to drive the filling body above the top plate to move horizontally, or the top plate only generates small horizontal displacement; after the limit key is broken, secondary maintenance is needed to realize a new limit function. Therefore, the roadbed structure can bear larger earthquake damage, adapts to the movement of the movable fault, can not be dislocated due to the action of movable fracture, and avoids the cracking of the roadbed structure and the deformation of the track, thereby ensuring the stability of the filling body passing through the movable fault zone.
As the preferred scheme of the invention, a sliding layer is arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the top plate and the bottom plate are smoothly connected through the sliding layer. The sliding layer comprises a first sliding layer and a second sliding layer, the first sliding layer is connected with the top plate, the second sliding layer is connected with the bottom plate, and a lubricant is arranged between the first sliding layer and the second sliding layer. By adopting the structure form, the materials are easy to match and combine and convenient to select, so that the purposes of convenient construction, smooth connection between the top plate and the bottom plate and enough small friction coefficient can be achieved. The top plate and the bottom plate can adopt reinforced concrete structures with large surface roughness, the sliding layer I and the sliding layer II can be made of materials with relatively smooth surfaces, and the friction resistance and cooling heat dissipation of the friction pair are further reduced by using a lubricant.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coefficient of friction between the first sliding layer and the second sliding layer is less than 0.08.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first sliding layer is a teflon plate or a stainless steel plate, and the second sliding layer is a teflon plate or a stainless steel plate. The polytetrafluoroethylene plate and the stainless steel plate with relatively smooth surfaces are used as the sliding layers, so that the sliding layer can adapt to larger horizontal deformation generated by the sliding layer, and the sliding layer is wide in material source, economic and environment-friendly.
As the preferable scheme of the invention, the lubricant is silicone grease, has good lubricating effect and wide source, and is economic and environment-friendly.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, through holes are respectively arranged at the corresponding positions of the top plate and the bottom plate, reinforcing steel bars are arranged in the corresponding through holes, and gaps in the through holes are filled with grouting bodies to form a limiting key which is connected with the top plate and the bottom plate. The limiting key is used for temporarily fixing the relative positions of the top plate and the bottom plate, the top plate and the bottom plate cannot slide under the normal use condition, and the limiting key can be sheared by the seismic force during the movement of the sliding layer, so that the top plate and the bottom plate have the sliding capacity. The through hole can be a round hole or a waist-shaped hole.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the filling body is a layered filling structure, and geotextile is arranged between two adjacent layers of the filling body to enhance the overall strength and stability of the filling body.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the transverse length of the top plate exceeding the filling body is more than or equal to 0.5m on the upstream side and/or the downstream side of the sliding direction of the sliding layer, thereby facilitating the construction of the filling body; the transverse length of the base plate exceeding the filling body on the upstream side in the sliding direction of the sliding layer is greater than or equal to 3m, and the transverse length of the base plate exceeding the filling body on the downstream side is greater than or equal to 0.5 m. And a certain safety distance is reserved to prevent the top plate of the roadbed structure from being empty after sliding.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the bottom plate comprises a plurality of blocks which are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the line, so that the bottom plate can adapt to different deformations at different positions, and the bottom plate is prevented from being sheared by earthquake force.
The invention also provides a method for constructing the roadbed structure, which comprises the following steps:
A. laying a bottom plate on a construction site, and reserving a through hole on the bottom plate;
B. a second sliding layer is fixedly connected to the bottom plate;
C. coating a lubricant on the surface of the sliding layer II, and paving the sliding layer I above the lubricant;
D. a top plate is fixedly connected above the first sliding layer, and a through hole is reserved in the top plate correspondingly;
E. inserting reinforcing steel bars into the two corresponding through holes, grouting around the reinforcing steel bars to form limiting keys, and connecting the top plate and the bottom plate; the top plate and the bottom plate are kept relatively stable through the limiting keys, so that the top plate does not slide in the construction process.
F. And a filling body is arranged above the top plate.
Wherein, the top plate and the bottom plate can be prefabricated, and can also be cast in situ by erecting a mold on a construction site.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the top plate and the bottom plate are arranged at the bottom of the filling body, so that the roadbed filling body and ground movement which possibly causes damage are separated as far as possible, the roadbed structure is prevented from cracking or track deformation caused by the direct influence of the ground movement, and the anti-seismic performance of the roadbed structure is improved.
2. The invention can adapt to larger horizontal deformation generated by the sliding fault layer by arranging the sliding layer between the top plate and the bottom plate, thereby ensuring that the railway and the highway can safely pass through the movable sliding fault layer, avoiding long-distance avoidance, greatly reducing the construction cost and shortening the time of passenger and freight transportation.
3. The roadbed structure has good integrity, the stability of the filling body passing through the movable fault zone is high, the construction is simple and convenient, and the economical efficiency is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a moving slip fault shear failure motion.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an earthquake reduction and isolation roadbed structure crossing a movable slip fault layer before slipping.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 2 after sliding.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the slip layer.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the base plate.
Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the top plate.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the position limiting key.
Icon: 1-filling body, 11-geotextile, 2-top plate, 3-slip layer, 31-slip layer I, 32-slip layer II, 33-lubricant, 34-adhesive, 35-protective cover, 4-bottom plate, 5-cushion layer, 6-broken disc, 7-limit key, 71-through hole, 72-reinforcing steel bar and 73-grouting body.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A roadbed structure crossing an active fault is shown in figures 2-7, and comprises a roadbed filling body 1, a top plate 2, a sliding layer 3, a bottom plate 4 and a cushion layer 5 from top to bottom in sequence.
And paving a cushion layer 5 structure on the movable broken belt broken disc 6, wherein the cushion layer 5 is filled by adopting qualified roadbed fillers, the thickness of the cushion layer 5 is not less than 0.3m, and the top surfaces of the cushion layer 5 are at the same height so as to be convenient for paving the bottom plate 4.
The bottom plate 4 is positioned on the cushion layer 5 and is formed by casting reinforced concrete in situ; and along the longitudinal direction of the line, the bottom plate 4 is disconnected every 5m, and deformation joints are reserved to adapt to ground movement deformation, so that the bottom plate 4 is prevented from being sheared by seismic force. The transverse length of the base plate 4 beyond the roadbed filling 1 on the upstream side in the sliding direction of the sliding fault is not less than 3m, and the transverse length of the base plate 4 beyond the roadbed filling 1 on the downstream side is not less than 0.5 m.
The top plate 2 is formed by casting reinforced concrete in situ; the top plate 2 is a complete one plate in the longitudinal direction of the line. The length of the top plate 2 in the lateral direction of the roadbed filling 1 is not less than 0.5m at the upstream side and the downstream side of the slip fault in the sliding direction.
As shown in FIG. 4, a sliding layer 3 is arranged between a top plate 2 and a bottom plate 4, the sliding layer 3 comprises a first sliding layer 31 and a second sliding layer 32, the first sliding layer 31 is connected with the top plate 2, the second sliding layer 32 is connected with the bottom plate 4, and a lubricant 33 is arranged between the first sliding layer 31 and the second sliding layer 32. Wherein, the first sliding layer 31 is made of stainless steel plates, and the second sliding layer 32 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene plates. The polytetrafluoroethylene plate is connected with the bottom plate 4 through an adhesive 34, the stainless steel plate is connected with the top plate 2 through the adhesive 34, a lubricant 33 is coated between the polytetrafluoroethylene plate and the stainless steel plate, and the lubricant 33 is silicone grease. The friction coefficient between the polytetrafluoroethylene plate and the stainless steel plate is less than 0.08, and the stainless steel plate can adapt to larger horizontal deformation generated by a slip fault.
The thickness of the stainless steel plate is not less than 3mm, the surface roughness is less than 0.8 mu m, and the surface hardness is HV 150-HV 200. The thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene plate is not less than 3 mm.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a protective cover 35 is arranged above the part of the bottom plate 4, which exceeds the top plate 2, so as to protect the exposed teflon plate and prevent grease from drying out or being polluted by soil to influence the sliding capacity.
As shown in fig. 5-7, through holes 71 are reserved at corresponding positions of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4, and the through holes 71 are circular holes with a diameter of 5 cm. The through holes 71 are arranged on two sides in the transverse direction and are arranged at intervals of 5m in the longitudinal direction of the line; model HPB300 steel bars 72 are arranged in the two corresponding through holes 71, grouting bodies 73 are filled on the peripheries of the two corresponding through holes to form limiting keys 7, and the limiting keys 7 are connected with the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4. As shown in fig. 2 and 3 before and after the sliding, the limit key 7 is used to temporarily fix the relative positions of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4, so that the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4 do not slide in normal use, and the limit key 7 can be sheared by a shock force during the sliding movement to provide the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4 with the capability of sliding.
The roadbed filling body 1 is positioned on the top plate 2 and is filled by adopting roadbed qualified filling materials in a layered mode, and a layer of high-strength geotextile 11 is laid in the roadbed filling body 1 at intervals of 0.6m so as to enhance the overall strength and stability of the roadbed filling body 1. The geotextile 11 is laid along the longitudinal direction of the line, and the strength is not less than 200 kN/m. The geotextile 11 is provided with reverse bags at two sides of the roadbed, and the length of the reverse bags is not less than 2 m; the turn-up is a structural form that the edge parts of the geotextile 11 positioned at the two sides of the roadbed wrap the layer of filling body 1, and is used for restraining the filling in the filling body 1 and improving the integrity of the filling body 1.
The roadbed structure adapts to a larger dislocation deformation process as follows: when the slippage fault moves in a dislocation way or the earthquake intensity exceeds a certain threshold value, the limit key 7 is broken and loses the limit function, the relatively fixed state of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4 is broken, the sliding mechanism is started, the broken disc 6 drives the bottom plate 4 to generate horizontal displacement, and the broken disc 6 is not enough to drive the filling body 1 above the top plate 2 to move along with the horizontal movement, or the top plate 2 only generates small horizontal displacement. Afterwards, in order to guarantee when the train normal operating or under the effect of little earthquake, relative movement can not take place for roof 2 and bottom plate 4, perhaps roadbed structure can be under construction smoothly, punch on roof 2 and bottom plate 4's the corresponding position respectively, reset spacing key 7, with roof 2 and bottom plate 4 relatively fixed, carry out the secondary maintenance.
The top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4 separate the roadbed filling body 1 from ground movement which possibly causes damage as far as possible, so that the roadbed structure is prevented from cracking or causing track deformation due to direct influence of the ground movement, and the anti-seismic performance of the roadbed structure is improved; under the action of the movable sliding fault, the bottom plate 4 and the breaking disc 6 can horizontally slide relative to the top plate 2, the filling body 1 and the top plate 2 basically can be kept stable and immovable (displacement change is small), the body can not be dislocated due to the action of movable fracture, the cracking of a roadbed structure and the deformation of a track are avoided, and therefore the stability of the filling body 1 penetrating through the movable fault zone is ensured.
Example 2
Based on embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a construction method of an earthquake reduction and isolation roadbed structure passing through a movable slip fault layer, which includes the following construction steps:
s1, cleaning the planting soil on the surface layer of the ground and leveling the field;
s2, paving the cushion layer 5 according to the terrain, wherein the thickness of the cushion layer 5 is not less than 0.3 m;
s3, erecting the mold to pour the bottom plate 4, coating the adhesive 34 on the bottom plate 4, and adhering a polytetrafluoroethylene plate;
s4, smearing the lubricant 33 on the upper part of the polytetrafluoroethylene plate, and paving a stainless steel plate above the lubricant 33;
s5, erecting a mold above the stainless steel plate and pouring the top plate 2;
s6, reserving through holes 71 on two sides of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4, inserting HPB300 steel bars 72 into the through holes 71, and grouting the periphery of the steel bars 72 to form a limiting key 7;
and S7, filling the roadbed on the top of the roof 2 in layers and paving the high-strength geotextile 11 on the top of the roof in layers.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The roadbed structure capable of penetrating through the movable fault is characterized by comprising a filling body (1), wherein a top plate (2) and a bottom plate (4) are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the filling body (1), the top plate (2) is smoothly connected with the bottom plate (4), the bottom plate (4) is fixed on a broken disc (6), and the top plate (2) is fixedly connected with the bottom plate (4) through a limiting key (7).
2. The roadbed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a sliding layer (3) is arranged between the top slab (2) and the bottom slab (4), the sliding layer (3) comprises a sliding layer one (31) and a sliding layer two (32), the sliding layer one (31) is connected with the top slab (2), the sliding layer two (32) is connected with the bottom slab (4), and a lubricant (33) is arranged between the sliding layer one (31) and the sliding layer two (32).
3. The roadbed structure of claim 2, wherein the coefficient of friction between the first sliding layer (31) and the second sliding layer (32) is less than 0.08.
4. The roadbed structure of claim 2, wherein the first sliding layer (31) is a teflon plate or a stainless steel plate, and the second sliding layer (32) is a teflon plate or a stainless steel plate.
5. A roadbed structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the lubricant (33) is silicone grease.
6. The roadbed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that through holes (71) are provided at corresponding positions of the top slab (2) and the bottom slab (4), and reinforcing steel bars (72) are provided in corresponding two of the through holes (71), and a gap in the through holes (71) is filled with grouting material (73) to form the limiting key (7).
7. The roadbed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling (1) is a layered filling structure, and that a geotextile (11) is arranged between two adjacent layers of the filling (1).
8. The roadbed structure according to any of the claims 1-7, characterized in that the transverse length of the top slab (2) beyond the filling (1) is greater than or equal to 0.5m on the upstream and/or downstream side in the slip layer sliding direction; the transverse length of the base plate (4) exceeding the filling body (1) on the upstream side in the sliding direction of the sliding fault is greater than or equal to 3m, and the transverse length of the base plate exceeding the filling body (1) on the downstream side is greater than or equal to 0.5 m.
9. The roadbed structure according to any of the claims 1-7, characterized in that the bottom slab (4) comprises several blocks, and that several blocks of the bottom slab (4) are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the track.
10. A method of constructing a substructure according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
A. paving a bottom plate (4) on a construction site, wherein a through hole (71) is reserved in the bottom plate (4);
B. a second sliding layer (32) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate (4);
C. coating a lubricant (33) on the surface of the sliding layer II (32), and laying a sliding layer I (31) above the lubricant (33);
D. a top plate (2) is fixedly connected above the sliding layer I (31), and the top plate (2) is correspondingly provided with a reserved through hole (71);
E. inserting reinforcing steel bars into the two corresponding through holes (71), grouting the peripheries of the reinforcing steel bars to form limiting keys (7), and connecting the top plate (2) and the bottom plate (4);
F. the filling body (1) is arranged above the top plate (2).
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| CN108660866A (en) * | 2018-06-10 | 2018-10-16 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | A kind of talus slide area high-speed railway resistant slide deformation subgrade strengthening structure |
| CN110644324A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-01-03 | 中交路桥北方工程有限公司 | Splicing construction method for reconstructing and expanding new road and old road |
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