CN111572116A - 一种高抗性纳米涂层v带及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高抗性纳米涂层v带及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111572116A
CN111572116A CN202010423749.2A CN202010423749A CN111572116A CN 111572116 A CN111572116 A CN 111572116A CN 202010423749 A CN202010423749 A CN 202010423749A CN 111572116 A CN111572116 A CN 111572116A
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干才勇
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Zhejiang Sihai New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及V带领域，尤其涉及一种高抗性纳米涂层V带及其制备方法，该V带包括纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层，所述纤维复合层包裹芯层，所述纳米涂层覆盖纤维复合层；所述芯层以下原料制成：三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶、强化剂、间位芳纶布。本发明通过多种原料的整合，协调橡胶和纤维的优缺点，有效的优化V带微观结构，活化碳纤维的表面基团，再使用等离子体使纤维表面链式基团断裂，形成自由基和极性基团，增加基体表面自由能和浸润性；使得制备成的V带具有良好的耐磨性，在各种逆性环境中具有更好的使用性能。

Description

一种高抗性纳米涂层V带及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及V带技术领域，尤其是一种高抗性纳米涂层V带及其制备方法。
背景技术
V形胶带简称V带或者三角带，是断面为梯形的环形传动带的统称，分特种带芯V带和普通V带两大类。按其截面形状及尺寸可分为普通V带、窄V带、宽V带、多楔带等；按带体结构可分为包布式V带和切边式V带；按带芯结构可分为帘布芯V带和绳芯V带。主要应用于电动机和内燃机驱动的机械设备的动力传动。V带长时间工作中容易出现：带在带轮上打滑，不能传递动力、带由于疲劳产生脱层、撕裂和拉断、带的工作面磨损、从动轴的扭振。
当前技术中，关于V带的研究很多，如专利号为CN201611271785.1的一种广角布包布V带，通过构建包布层和芯层，利用聚氨酯、顺丁橡胶、丁腈橡胶、氯丁橡胶等原料制作。达到提高V带的抗拉强度、使用寿命和使用范围，但是其制作的V带在高温下性能衰减较为严重，对于特殊环境的使用效果缺乏一定的考量；再如专利号为CN201410534655.7的一种用于V带包布胶的橡胶组合物、V带包布胶及其制备方法，采用丙烯酸酯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、硫黄、促进剂、氧化镁、氧化锌、补强剂、软化剂、增粘树脂、防老剂制作使得V带包布胶达到较好的耐油性能、较高的耐热氧老化性能；但是这种其制作中缺乏对于V带骨架构建，使得制作出的V带连续高强度使用下性能难以得到保证；又如专利号为CN201310047304.9的一种包布V带及其制备方法，采用纤维胶片制成的底胶层、粘胶层、聚酯硬线绳和缓冲胶层，利用原料包括天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶、氯丁橡胶和再生胶、防老剂、硬脂酸、氧化镁、炭黑、软化剂、短纤维、氧化锌、填料和促进剂，但是其大量使用纤维胶片和包布，降低了V带内部的紧实度，并不能最大化发挥出原料特性。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种高抗性纳米涂层V带，其特征在于，包括纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层，所述纤维复合层包裹芯层，所述纳米涂层覆盖纤维复合层；以质量份计，所述芯层以下原料制成：10-15份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、5-8份聚硫橡胶、2-3份硅橡胶、65-75份氯丁橡胶、9-13份强化剂、8-10份间位芳纶布；所述强化剂由质量比为3:1:3:3:11的二氧化硅纤维、氮化硼、乙烯硫脲、N-N'-二苯基-对苯二胺、香豆酮-茚树脂混合而成；所述纤维复合层为碳纤维环氧树脂；所述碳纤维环氧树脂中碳纤维和环氧树脂固化体系的质量比为1:3；所述环氧树脂固化体系中环氧树脂:二氨基二苯甲烷:2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚:纳米膨润土粉的质量比为10:1:2:0.1。
进一步的，所述纳米涂层为聚酰亚胺纤维纳米镍铬合金涂层由质量比为9:1:0.03:的双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维、纳米镍铬合金混合而成。
进一步的，所述纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层的质量比为1:3:11。
本发明所述的高抗性纳米涂层V带，制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)芯层混炼：
将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶加入混炼机，将混炼机抽成0.01-0.03个标准大气压的真空，升温将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶混炼至熔融态，将强化剂和用高纯度氮气喷至熔融混合物中，继续混炼；混炼完成后将熔融物倒入模具中，倒至一半时，先在模具上的熔融物表面覆盖间位芳纶布，再将混炼机中剩余熔融物倒在间位芳纶布上；将熔融物平铺均匀，进行加压，压力为15-20MPa，然后脱模，得到芯层；
(2)纤维复合层粘附
将碳纤维与乙醇按照质量比1:10混合，在50-55℃下用超声波处理13-18min；将碳纤维取出，用500-700℃去离子水蒸气以3-5m/s的流速冲洗20-30min；然后将碳纤维均匀覆盖到芯层表面，在温度为50-70℃、电压300-310V、电流0.5-1.6A下，电离20-24min；在真空下将熔融态环氧树脂固化体系均匀喷涂在碳纤维表面；所述超声波的功率为800-900W；
(3)纳米涂层喷涂
将双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维、纳米镍铬合金混合塑炼喷涂在纤维复合层表面，经压制、硫化、脱膜后，得到V带。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术效果体现在：
本发明通过多种原料的整合，协调橡胶和纤维的优缺点，有效的优化V带微观结构，先是利用三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶等构建芯层，为V带提供良好的性能载体；然后用乙醇、去离子水蒸气高温清洁碳纤维，并优化纤维结构，活化碳纤维的表面基团，再使用等离子体使纤维表面链式基团断裂，形成自由基和极性基团，增加基体表面自由能和浸润性；经过高温膨胀疏松后的纤维再经过电离的刻蚀作用，深度清除基体表面颗粒状污染物，增加比表面积和粗糙度，同时操作简单、方便环保，对纤维的本体性质和强度影响小，有效保证碳纤维结构，最大化发挥碳纤维效果；便于后续原料的粘附，使得V带的整体性更好，最后使用纳米涂层，通过双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维提高涂层与复合层的贴合度，有效减少涂层与与复合层的间隙，利用纳米镍铬合金和纤维的有序排列促进V带表面高抗性表面的形成，进一步提高V带的耐磨性，使得V带在各种逆性环境中具有更好的使用性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定，但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
实施例1
一种高抗性纳米涂层V带，包括纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层，所述纤维复合层包裹芯层，所述纳米涂层覆盖纤维复合层；以质量份计，所述芯层以下原料制成：10份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、5份聚硫橡胶、2份硅橡胶、65份氯丁橡胶、9份强化剂、8份间位芳纶布；所述强化剂由质量比为3:1:3:3:11的二氧化硅纤维、氮化硼、乙烯硫脲、N-N'-二苯基-对苯二胺、香豆酮-茚树脂混合而成；所述纤维复合层为碳纤维环氧树脂；所述碳纤维环氧树脂中碳纤维和环氧树脂固化体系的质量比为1:3；所述环氧树脂固化体系中环氧树脂:二氨基二苯甲烷:2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚:纳米膨润土粉的质量比为10:1:2:0.1；所述纳米涂层为聚酰亚胺纤维纳米镍铬合金涂层由质量比为9:1:0.03:的双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维、纳米镍铬合金混合而成；所述纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层的质量比为1:3:11。
本实施例所述的高抗性纳米涂层V带，制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)芯层混炼：
将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶加入混炼机，将混炼机抽成0.01个标准大气压的真空，升温将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶混炼至熔融态，将强化剂和用高纯度氮气喷至熔融混合物中，继续混炼；混炼完成后将熔融物倒入模具中，倒至一半时，先在模具上的熔融物表面覆盖间位芳纶布，再将混炼机中剩余熔融物倒在间位芳纶布上；将熔融物平铺均匀，进行加压，压力为15MPa，然后脱模，得到芯层；
(2)纤维复合层粘附
将碳纤维与乙醇按照质量比1:10混合，在50℃下用超声波处理13min；将碳纤维取出，用500℃去离子水蒸气以3m/s的流速冲洗20min；然后将碳纤维均匀覆盖到芯层表面，在温度为50℃、电压300V、电流0.5A下，电离2min；在真空下将熔融态环氧树脂固化体系均匀喷涂在碳纤维表面；所述超声波的功率为800W；
(3)纳米涂层喷涂
将双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维、纳米镍铬合金混合塑炼喷涂在纤维复合层表面，经压制、硫化、脱膜后，得到V带。
实施例2
一种高抗性纳米涂层V带，包括纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层，所述纤维复合层包裹芯层，所述纳米涂层覆盖纤维复合层；以质量份计，所述芯层以下原料制成：15份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、8份聚硫橡胶、3份硅橡胶、75份氯丁橡胶、13份强化剂、10份间位芳纶布；所述强化剂由质量比为3:1:3:3:11的二氧化硅纤维、氮化硼、乙烯硫脲、N-N'-二苯基-对苯二胺、香豆酮-茚树脂混合而成；所述纤维复合层为碳纤维环氧树脂；所述碳纤维环氧树脂中碳纤维和环氧树脂固化体系的质量比为1:3；所述环氧树脂固化体系中环氧树脂:二氨基二苯甲烷:2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚:纳米膨润土粉的质量比为10:1:2:0.1；所述纳米涂层为聚酰亚胺纤维纳米镍铬合金涂层由质量比为9:1:0.03:的双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维、纳米镍铬合金混合而成；所述纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层的质量比为1:3:11。
本实施例所述的高抗性纳米涂层V带，制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)芯层混炼：
将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶加入混炼机，将混炼机抽成0.03个标准大气压的真空，升温将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶混炼至熔融态，将强化剂和用高纯度氮气喷至熔融混合物中，继续混炼；混炼完成后将熔融物倒入模具中，倒至一半时，先在模具上的熔融物表面覆盖间位芳纶布，再将混炼机中剩余熔融物倒在间位芳纶布上；将熔融物平铺均匀，进行加压，压力为20MPa，然后脱模，得到芯层；
(2)纤维复合层粘附
将碳纤维与乙醇按照质量比1:10混合，在55℃下用超声波处理18min；将碳纤维取出，用700℃去离子水蒸气以5m/s的流速冲洗30min；然后将碳纤维均匀覆盖到芯层表面，在温度为70℃、电压310V、电流1.6A下，电离24min；在真空下将熔融态环氧树脂固化体系均匀喷涂在碳纤维表面；所述超声波的功率为900W；
(3)纳米涂层喷涂
将双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维、纳米镍铬合金混合塑炼喷涂在纤维复合层表面，经压制、硫化、脱膜后，得到V带。
实施例3
一种高抗性纳米涂层V带，包括纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层，所述纤维复合层包裹芯层，所述纳米涂层覆盖纤维复合层；以质量份计，所述芯层以下原料制成：13份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、7份聚硫橡胶、2.5份硅橡胶、69份氯丁橡胶、9份强化剂、10份间位芳纶布；所述强化剂由质量比为3:1:3:3:11的二氧化硅纤维、氮化硼、乙烯硫脲、N-N'-二苯基-对苯二胺、香豆酮-茚树脂混合而成；所述纤维复合层为碳纤维环氧树脂；所述碳纤维环氧树脂中碳纤维和环氧树脂固化体系的质量比为1:3；所述环氧树脂固化体系中环氧树脂:二氨基二苯甲烷:2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚:纳米膨润土粉的质量比为10:1:2:0.1；所述纳米涂层为聚酰亚胺纤维纳米镍铬合金涂层由质量比为9:1:0.03:的双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维、纳米镍铬合金混合而成；所述纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层的质量比为1:3:11。
本实施例所述的高抗性纳米涂层V带，制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)芯层混炼：
将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶加入混炼机，将混炼机抽成0.03个标准大气压的真空，升温将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶混炼至熔融态，将强化剂和用高纯度氮气喷至熔融混合物中，继续混炼；混炼完成后将熔融物倒入模具中，倒至一半时，先在模具上的熔融物表面覆盖间位芳纶布，再将混炼机中剩余熔融物倒在间位芳纶布上；将熔融物平铺均匀，进行加压，压力为15MPa，然后脱模，得到芯层；
(2)纤维复合层粘附
将碳纤维与乙醇按照质量比1:10混合，在55℃下用超声波处理13min；将碳纤维取出，用700℃去离子水蒸气以3m/s的流速冲洗20-30min；然后将碳纤维均匀覆盖到芯层表面，在温度为70℃、电压300V、电流1.6A下，电离20min；在真空下将熔融态环氧树脂固化体系均匀喷涂在碳纤维表面；所述超声波的功率为880W；
(3)纳米涂层喷涂
将双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维、纳米镍铬合金混合塑炼喷涂在纤维复合层表面，经压制、硫化、脱膜后，得到V带。
对比例设置如下表：
Figure BDA0002497903830000071
Figure BDA0002497903830000081
试验例
以本发明实施例1-3制作的V带为实验1-3组，以对比例1-9制作的V带为对照组1-9组，采用扭矩法测量各组疲劳寿命(次×107)，检测抽出强度(KN/m)、抗拉强度(KN)，将各组V带放入耐老化箱在60-70℃下老化3天后测量V带的拉伸强度、最大伸长率、300％定伸应力；其性能测试依据性能测试根据GB/T1171-1996。
Figure BDA0002497903830000082
Figure BDA0002497903830000091
由表可以看出，使用本发明方法的实验组1-3效果显著，但是在本发明方案上变动之后的对照组1-3效果下降明显，但是，实验组1-3效果明显高于对照1-7组。
老化10天后各组数据：
拉伸强度/MPa 最大伸长率/％ 300％定伸应力/MPa
实验组1 18.13 359 15.81
实验组2 19.60 352 15.33
实验组3 19.88 339 16.39
对照组1 14.78 273 10.93
对照组2 13.43 287 11.73
对照组3 14.91 265 12.35
对照组4 12.31 247 10.61
对照组5 12.69 257 11.03
对照组6 13.54 261 11.60
对照组7 14.02 252 10.53
对照组8 11.25 248 9.51
对照组9 11.89 241 9.27
由表可以看出，老化10天后，实验组1-3组的拉伸强度微有下降，但是对照组1-9组性能下降明显，所以本发明V带具有优良的耐高温特性和较高的强度，实用价值更好。

Claims (4)

1.一种高抗性纳米涂层V带，其特征在于，包括纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层，所述纤维复合层包裹芯层，所述纳米涂层覆盖纤维复合层；以质量份计，所述芯层以下原料制成：10-15份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、5-8份聚硫橡胶、2-3份硅橡胶、65-75份氯丁橡胶、9-13份强化剂、8-10份间位芳纶布；所述强化剂由质量比为3:1:3:3:11的二氧化硅纤维、氮化硼、乙烯硫脲、N-N'-二苯基-对苯二胺、香豆酮-茚树脂混合而成；所述纤维复合层为碳纤维环氧树脂；所述碳纤维环氧树脂中碳纤维和环氧树脂固化体系的质量比为1:3；所述环氧树脂固化体系中环氧树脂:二氨基二苯甲烷:2，4，6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚:纳米膨润土粉的质量比为10:1:2:0.1。
2.如权利要求1所述的高抗性纳米涂层V带，其特征在于，所述纳米涂层为聚酰亚胺纤维纳米镍铬合金涂层由质量比为9:1:0.03:的双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维、纳米镍铬合金混合而成。
3.如权利要求1所述的高抗性纳米涂层V带，其特征在于，所述纳米涂层、纤维复合层和芯层的质量比为1:3:11。
4.如权利要求1所述的高抗性纳米涂层V带，其特征在于，制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)芯层混炼：
将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶加入混炼机，将混炼机抽成0.01-0.03个标准大气压的真空，升温将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶、氯丁橡胶混炼至熔融态，将强化剂和用高纯度氮气喷至熔融混合物中，继续混炼；混炼完成后将熔融物倒入模具中，倒至一半时，先在模具上的熔融物表面覆盖间位芳纶布，再将混炼机中剩余熔融物倒在间位芳纶布上；将熔融物平铺均匀，进行加压，压力为15-20MPa，然后脱模，得到芯层；
(2)纤维复合层粘附
将碳纤维与乙醇按照质量比1:10混合，在50-55℃下用超声波处理13-18min；将碳纤维取出，用500-700℃去离子水蒸气以3-5m/s的流速冲洗20-30min；然后将碳纤维均匀覆盖到芯层表面，在温度为50-70℃、电压300-310V、电流0.5-1.6A下，电离20-24min；在真空下将熔融态环氧树脂固化体系均匀喷涂在碳纤维表面；所述超声波的功率为800-900W；
(3)纳米涂层喷涂
将双马来酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺纤维、纳米镍铬合金混合塑炼喷涂在纤维复合层表面，经压制、硫化、脱膜后，得到V带。
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