CN111571881A - Preparation method of human body soft and hard tissue functional model - Google Patents
Preparation method of human body soft and hard tissue functional model Download PDFInfo
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- CN111571881A CN111571881A CN202010372505.6A CN202010372505A CN111571881A CN 111571881 A CN111571881 A CN 111571881A CN 202010372505 A CN202010372505 A CN 202010372505A CN 111571881 A CN111571881 A CN 111571881A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/3835—Designing moulds, e.g. using CAD-CAM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/3842—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/40—Plastics, e.g. foam or rubber
- B29C33/405—Elastomers, e.g. rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/003—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
- B29C39/006—Monomers or prepolymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2083/00—Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to preparation of a functional model, in particular to a preparation method of a functional model of soft and hard tissues of a human body. The problems of no personalized difference, high cost and unreal model surface hardness of the existing functional model are solved, and the method comprises the following steps: extracting image data of human tissues; converting the image data into three-dimensional data; preparing a tissue mould by using 3D printing, and installing and fixing the printed tissue models with different hardness according to the spatial position of the real human tissue organ; pouring liquid silica gel (the hardness of the surface of the tissue is close to, and the body color) into a mold containing a hard tissue model and a soft tissue model according to the assembly requirement in different time periods, and removing the mold after the silica gel is solidified. Therefore, an integrated soft and hard tissue function model can be obtained, and the model has the body color of human tissue organs and the surface hardness close to different tissue organs, and is suitable for simulating real operations and clinical training teaching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to preparation of a functional model, in particular to a preparation method of a functional model of soft and hard tissues of a human body.
Background
High fidelity functional models play an important role in clinical therapy and medical education. The existing functional model is mainly realized through the traditional casting and injection molding process and 3D printing, the traditional casting and injection molding process has long time for preparing the mold and high cost, and the personalized difference among patients can be generally ignored. Individualized differentiation can be achieved by 3D printing, but medical models of mostly all-hard or softer materials printed by them are far from realistic enough when used for human body model anatomy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a human body soft and hard tissue functional model, aiming at solving the problems of no personalized difference, high cost and unreal model surface hardness of the existing functional model. The functional model of soft and hard tissues of the human body prepared by the method has individual difference, and the model contains functional models with different tissue hardness, thereby being beneficial to distinguishing and distinguishing. The functional model prepared by the invention is close to the surface elastic modulus of real tissues and organs of a human body, the surface is not sticky, tissues and organs with different elastic moduli are fused together, and the organ observation is obvious; the device is suitable for operation simulation, anatomical training and medical teaching.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a human body soft and hard tissue functional model, which comprises the following steps:
s1, data acquisition:
detecting a target human body part through medical imaging equipment, acquiring and storing external contour data of the target human body part and image data corresponding to hard tissues and part of soft tissues in the external contour data, and extracting elastic moduli of the surfaces of the hard tissues and the part of soft tissues; wherein the portion of soft tissue is capable of being prepared by 3D printing;
s2, data processing:
performing data processing on the external contour data of the human body part and the image data corresponding to the hard tissue and the partial soft tissue acquired in the step S1 to obtain three-dimensional data recognizable by a 3D printing device;
s3, model preparation:
the model comprises a shell mold of a target human body part, a hard tissue model and a part of soft tissue model;
printing a shell mold by using three-dimensional data of the external contour of the human body part through 3D printing equipment, wherein the shell mold is provided with a filling hole and a vent hole;
selecting a corresponding 3D printing material and a forming mode according to the elastic modulus of the hard tissue, and printing a hard tissue model by using three-dimensional data of the hard tissue through 3D printing equipment;
selecting a corresponding 3D printing material and a forming mode according to the elastic modulus of the part of soft tissue, and printing the part of soft tissue model by using three-dimensional data of the part of soft tissue through 3D printing equipment;
s4, model processing:
carrying out precision detection and surface treatment on the finished shell mold, the hard tissue model and part of the soft tissue model;
s5, assembling the model:
placing the hard tissue model and part of the soft tissue model into a shell mold, and fixing the hard tissue model and part of the soft tissue model according to the real space condition of a human body;
s6, silica gel perfusion:
the hardness and the color of the silica gel are adjusted to be matched with the color and the hardness of the other part of soft tissue in the target human body part;
pouring the silica gel into the position, corresponding to the other part of the soft tissue, in the shell mold through the pouring hole, and standing for a set time;
s7, die drawing:
and after the silica gel is solidified, removing the shell mold to obtain a soft and hard integrated tissue function model.
Further, in order to obtain detailed image data of human tissues, in step S1, the medical imaging apparatus includes: medical image CT, MRI and ultrasound equipment; elastic modulus data of different tissue surfaces are obtained using an ultrasound device.
Further, in order to ensure that the hard tissue pattern and the partially soft tissue pattern are firmly attached to each other in the shell mold, in step S5, the hard tissue pattern and the partially soft tissue pattern are fixed by the following method:
and adhering the hard tissue model and part of the soft tissue model in the shell mold by using liquid photosensitive resin as an adhesive, and irradiating and curing by using an ultraviolet pen. The invention can fix the model by adopting a small amount of liquid photosensitive resin, and glue marks are not displayed after the gluing is finished, thus the appearance of the model is not influenced.
Further, in step S6, the silicone gel is a fully transparent two-component condensed type silicone gel. Under the condition of meeting the requirement of preparing a functional model, the condensed type silica gel has relatively low price, and the production cost can be reduced.
Further, in order to improve the degree of realism, step S4 includes a step of cleaning the inner surface of the housing mold with a polishing solution.
Further, in step S1, the portion of soft tissue is a blood vessel and a nerve.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, different preparation processes are adopted according to the elastic modulus of different tissues and organs to prepare the functional model, so that the functional model is close to the surface elastic modulus of the real tissues and organs of a human body, the touch feeling is relatively real, and the color of the functional model is highly matched with the real entity, so that the functional model is suitable for operation simulation, anatomical training and medical teaching.
2. The preparation process of the invention has no supporting mechanism, the organization structure in the functional model is clear, the identification is easy, the surface is smooth, the invention has no adhesion, the preparation cost is lower, and the invention is convenient for application and popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for preparing the functional model of soft and hard tissues of human body.
FIG. 2 is an assembly view of a shell mold prepared in an embodiment of the present invention; a is a schematic view of a complete shell mold, and b is a schematic view of a main part of the shell mold;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the inside of each tissue model and shell mold, a is a schematic view of the retention of the foot bone model, the nerve model and the blood vessel model; b is a schematic diagram of the foot bone model and the nerve and blood vessel model fixed in the foot body shell mold.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
The following examples are given by way of illustration of human foot bodies.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment realizes the preparation of a human foot model by the following steps:
s1: data acquisition and extraction:
detecting a human foot body through a medical imaging device CT to obtain data of the surface, bones, blood vessels and nerves of the foot body, storing the data, and extracting and recording the elastic modulus of the surfaces of the bones, the blood vessels and the nerves of the foot body;
s2: data processing:
respectively processing the data of the surface of the foot body, the foot bones, the blood vessels and the nerves by medical software to form three-dimensional data (a format which can be identified by a 3D printer);
s3: preparing a model:
printing a foot body shell mould by FDM 3D printing equipment by utilizing the surface data of a foot body, and ensuring that an exhaust hole with the diameter of 3mm and a filling hole with the inner diameter of 4mm and the outer diameter of 6mm are reserved on the foot body shell mould in the printing process; the forming diagram is shown in FIG. 2;
the foot bone elastic modulus (spongy bone 0.02-0.5GPa, cortical bone 3-30GPa) so that white wire material (elastic parameter is near 3.2 GPa) is selected, and the foot bone model is printed by FDM 3D printing equipment, thereby ensuring that the printed foot bone model is highly matched with a real entity.
The elastic modulus of the blood vessels is (300-2000KPa), and the elastic modulus of the nerves is (30-61KPa), so that the soft photosensitive resin material is selected, the nerve and blood vessel models are printed by DLP 3D printing equipment, and the high matching between the printed nerve and blood vessel models and a real entity can be ensured.
S4: model processing:
and (3) carrying out precision detection on the finished foot body shell mold, the foot bone model and the nerve and blood vessel model, carrying out surface treatment on the foot bone model and the nerve and blood vessel model, and cleaning the inner surface of the foot body shell mold by using polishing solution.
S5: assembling a model:
placing the foot bone model and the nerve and blood vessel model into a foot body shell mold, fixing the foot bone model and the nerve and blood vessel model according to the real space condition of a foot body, and referring to a in figure 3; and using liquid photosensitive resin as adhesive, and using UV pen to irradiate and make the above-mentioned mould components be solidified and adhered in the foot shell mould so as to form an integral whole body, and can be seen in figure 3, and b.
S6: silica gel perfusion:
firstly, selecting full-transparent double-component condensed type silica gel, and blending the hardness and the color at room temperature according to the proportion of 1:1 of the component A to the component B.
The shore hardness of the soft tissue at the bottom of the foot body is 0-3 degrees, the color is nearly transparent, the shore hardness of the back of the foot body is 3-5 degrees, and the color is the skin color. Therefore, in the present embodiment, two different types of silica gel are prepared, one of the two types of silica gel is used for filling the bottom of the foot body, the other one is used for filling the back of the foot body, the shore hardness of the silica gel used for filling the bottom of the foot body is prepared to be 0-3 degrees, and the color of the silica gel is prepared to be nearly transparent by using the color of nerve yellow and the color of blood vessel red; the Shore hardness of the silica gel used for filling the back of the foot body is adjusted to 3-5 degrees, and the color of the silica gel is adjusted to the skin color by the color of nerve yellow and the color of blood vessel red; and finally, extracting the bubbles in the prepared silica gel by using a vacuumizing machine.
Then, silica gel with Shore hardness of 0-3 degrees is poured into the corresponding position of the bottom of the foot body through the pouring hole in steps, and the foot body is kept stand for 5 hours at normal temperature. And (3) pouring silica gel with the Shore hardness of 3-5 degrees into the corresponding position of the back of the foot body through a pouring hole, wherein the pouring hole and the exhaust hole are filled with the silica gel, so that the functional model is full, and standing is carried out for 24 hours at room temperature.
S7: die drawing:
and opening the external foot body mold, taking out the functional foot body model, and cleaning the surface of the functional foot body model.
Based on the above description, the present invention is only an embodiment, and is not limited to the above description, and all the substitutions, modifications, etc. made under the principle of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing a functional model of soft and hard tissues of a human body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, data acquisition:
detecting a target human body part through medical imaging equipment, acquiring and storing external contour data of the target human body part and image data corresponding to hard tissues and part of soft tissues in the external contour data, and extracting elastic moduli of the surfaces of the hard tissues and the part of soft tissues; wherein the portion of soft tissue is capable of being prepared by 3D printing;
s2, data processing:
performing data processing on the external contour data of the human body part and the image data corresponding to the hard tissue and the partial soft tissue acquired in the step S1 to obtain three-dimensional data recognizable by a 3D printing device;
s3, model preparation:
the model comprises a shell mold of a target human body part, a hard tissue model and a part of soft tissue model;
printing a shell mold by using three-dimensional data of the external contour of the human body part through 3D printing equipment, wherein the shell mold is provided with a filling hole and a vent hole;
selecting a corresponding 3D printing material and a forming mode according to the elastic modulus of the hard tissue, and printing a hard tissue model by using three-dimensional data of the hard tissue through 3D printing equipment;
selecting a corresponding 3D printing material and a forming mode according to the elastic modulus of the part of soft tissue, and printing the part of soft tissue model by using three-dimensional data of the part of soft tissue through 3D printing equipment;
s4, model processing:
carrying out precision detection and surface treatment on the finished shell mold, the hard tissue model and part of the soft tissue model;
s5, assembling the model:
placing the hard tissue model and part of the soft tissue model into a shell mold, and fixing the hard tissue model and part of the soft tissue model according to the real space condition of a human body;
s6, silica gel perfusion:
the hardness and the color of the silica gel are adjusted to be matched with the color and the hardness of the other part of soft tissue in the target human body part;
pouring the silica gel into the position, corresponding to the other part of the soft tissue, in the shell mold through the pouring hole, and standing for a set time;
s7, die drawing:
and after the silica gel is solidified, removing the shell mold to obtain a soft and hard integrated tissue function model.
2. The method for preparing a functional model of soft and hard tissues of a human body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S1, the medical imaging apparatus includes: medical image CT, MRI and ultrasound equipment; elastic modulus data of different tissue surfaces are obtained using an ultrasound device.
3. The method for preparing a functional model of soft and hard tissues of a human body according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, retention is achieved by:
and adhering the hard tissue model and part of the soft tissue model in the shell mold by using liquid photosensitive resin as an adhesive, and irradiating and curing by using an ultraviolet pen.
4. The method for preparing a functional model of soft and hard tissues of a human body according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the silica gel is a fully transparent two-component condensed type silica gel.
5. The method for preparing a functional model of soft and hard tissues of a human body according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S4 further includes a step of cleaning the inner surface of the housing mold with a polishing solution.
6. The method for preparing a functional model of soft and hard tissues of a human body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: in step S1, the soft tissue portion is a blood vessel or a nerve.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112497728A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-03-16 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing bionic hollow human body part model through 3D printing |
| CN114347319A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-04-15 | 四川省妇幼保健院 | Manufacturing method of thyroid gland puncture mould |
| CN115294826A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-11-04 | 戴广亮 | Acupuncture training simulation system based on mixed reality, 3D printing and spatial micro-positioning |
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| CN108847108A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-20 | 广州迈普再生医学科技股份有限公司 | A kind of cranium brain model and its preparation method and application |
| CN108847111A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-20 | 广州迈普再生医学科技股份有限公司 | A kind of cranium brain simulation model and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107657880A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-02 | 上海光韵达数字医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of human organ model |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112497728A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-03-16 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing bionic hollow human body part model through 3D printing |
| CN114347319A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-04-15 | 四川省妇幼保健院 | Manufacturing method of thyroid gland puncture mould |
| CN115294826A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-11-04 | 戴广亮 | Acupuncture training simulation system based on mixed reality, 3D printing and spatial micro-positioning |
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Application publication date: 20200825 |