CN111567526A

CN111567526A - Preparation special for irrigating roots and improving chlorophyll a content of rice

Info

Publication number: CN111567526A
Application number: CN202010485481.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈元月; 黄芸; 白倩; 沈安妍; 熊仁科
Original assignee: Beijing University of Agriculture
Current assignee: Beijing University of Agriculture
Priority date: 2020-06-01
Filing date: 2020-06-01
Publication date: 2020-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-01
Also published as: CN112970754A; CN111567526B; CN112970754B

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation special for root irrigation and used for improving the chlorophyll a content of rice. The preparation can be directly applied by root irrigation to remarkably improve the content of chlorophyll a in rice. The invention is simple and practical, can obviously reduce the production cost and promote the growth and development of plants, and has obvious economic benefit and social benefit.

Description

Preparation special for irrigating roots and improving chlorophyll a content of rice

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation special for root irrigation and used for improving the chlorophyll a content of plants, belonging to the field of plant physiology and regulation.

Background

The photosynthesis of plants is almost the material basis for the survival and development of all organisms, while chlorophyll is a green pigment contained in higher plants and all other organisms capable of photosynthesis, and comprises various pigments such as chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Thus, an increase in the total amount of chlorophyll of a plant does not mean that its amount of chlorophyll a is necessarily increased, and vice versa. The molecular structure of chlorophyll a is a cyclic structure formed by connecting 4 pyrrole rings through 4 methylene groups (═ CH-), which is called porphyrin (side chains exist on the rings), and the specific structure is as follows:

previous studies have shown that chlorophyll a is important for photosynthesis, which on the one hand absorbs and transmits light energy and on the other hand also performs conversion of light energy. Chlorophyll a also has a number of other uses, such as increasing crop yield by capturing light energy, as an important indicator for evaluating water quality, and as a health function for the human body.

The plant growth regulating substance can effectively regulate and control the growth and development of plants, and compared with the single plant growth regulator, the compound preparation containing the plant growth regulating substance has many advantages, for example, the plant growth regulator and pesticide are compounded into a preparation, the plant growth regulating substance can simultaneously regulate and control the plant growth and resist diseases and insects by one-time application, and the time and the labor force can be greatly saved. In recent years, researchers have made many studies on the regulation of plant growth using a compound agent of a plant growth regulator, but no consistent rule or definitive conclusion has been obtained yet. This can be attributed to two reasons. On one hand, in the process of compounding and using different plant growth regulators, plant growth regulators and nutrients, or plant growth regulators and pesticides and the like, due to the general lack of corresponding theoretical support, the randomness of an experiment is strong, and the effect generated after the combination of multiple substances is greatly uncertain.

On the other hand, although it is desirable that different plant growth regulators or nutrients are combined with each other to achieve complementary, enhanced or even synergistic effects, the plant growth regulators or nutrients and the plant growth regulators or pesticides interact with each other due to the extremely complex physiological and biochemical reactions of the plant in the whole life process, so that when the plant is regulated by using the compound preparation, the result after the compound preparation cannot be predicted, and sometimes the effect is lower or even harmful than the effect obtained by using a single plant growth regulator or nutrient. For example, spraying compound sodium nitrophenolate on the leaves of day lily can make flowers grow large uniformly, spraying thidiazuron can make plants robust, and after the compound sodium nitrophenolate and the thidiazuron are mixed, the flower buds of the day lily fall off (see Zhengxiafu, etc., main problems and solutions existing in the use process of plant growth regulators, modern pesticides, 13 th volume, 5 th period, 10 months in 2014). Thus, the effect of a combination formulation is not necessarily a superposition of the effects of the individual formulations, but may alter the original efficacy of the individual formulations, even to the contrary or to produce unexpected results.

In fact, researchers have formed a general consensus: firstly, the effect of the single preparation cannot be certainly inferred that the compound preparation containing the single preparation also has the effect; secondly, the effect brought by combining different single preparations is unexpected, such as whether the effects of various preparations are simply superposed.

For the compound preparation containing plant growth regulating substances, the common application modes include foliar spraying, root irrigation, seed soaking treatment and the like. Since different tissues and organs of a plant respond differently to a plant growth regulator, different conclusions may be drawn even for the same plant if the application pattern or application site is different after the same growth regulator is applied. For example, it is reported in literature that foliar spray application of a plant growth regulator DA-6 can promote photosynthesis of spinach and increase chlorophyll content, however, application of DA-6 to foliage can not increase chlorophyll content of spinach, which may be related to different methods of use (application sites) (see robusta et al, research on effect of plant growth regulator to spinach by root irrigation, guangdong agricultural science, vol 13, No. 19, 2014).

The foliage spraying can be directly absorbed through the skin pores and the air pores of the leaves to influence the physiological change of plants, so the foliage spraying belongs to a first-aid measure, has quick and short effect usually, is easy to cause air pollution and harm to pesticide application personnel, and is greatly influenced by weather. In contrast, the root irrigation application is absorbed by the root system of the plant and then is delivered to various parts such as plant leaves, the physiological and biochemical processes of the plant during the root irrigation application are more complex and difficult to predict and regulate, but the root irrigation application is simpler, safer and more long-lasting in agricultural production, so that the application of the compound preparation containing the plant growth regulating substances by root irrigation is always a desired mode for agricultural growers.

In addition, different plants respond differently, and even inversely, to the same plant growth regulator. For example, spraying the same "inorganic nutrition + growth regulator" resulted in increased amino acid and VC content in lettuce, while reduced amino acid and VC content in ladybug (see Lai mountain, study of the effects of foliar inorganic nutrition + different plant growth regulators, Master thesis at southwest university of agriculture, Table 60 at discussion 4, 2003).

In conclusion, the most fundamental reaction principle or general rule of plants on plant growth regulating substances is not disclosed by scientific researchers, so that the influence of various factors cannot be expected, and the effect of any compound preparation can only be verified by a large number of screening experiments in specific production practice.

However, unlike basic theoretical studies such as molecular biology, the practical techniques for screening may not be expected even if the screening and selection are performed from known related substances. For example, Chinese scientists perform screening tests on thousands of traditional Chinese medicines and western medicines with coronavirus resistance according to clues disclosed in documents, and finally fortunately screen a plurality of effective anti-new coronary pneumonia medicines; for another example, researchers surprisingly obtain individual plant varieties with good shapes such as drought/cold/salt tolerance after a large amount of screening work according to a plurality of related genes or phenotypic characters reported in the literature. It can be seen that the inventive results, although all based on the explicit guidance or suggestion in the open literature, followed by the test and screening of good results, have the luck of "all-in-one", because many of the results are "on-demand" and "unavailable". Therefore, the creative research results obtained by screening practical technologies not only have the reliability obtained by a large amount of experimental tests, but also are lucky results obtained by insisting on the tests under the condition of unexpected prospect.

The technical problem to be solved urgently in the rice production practice is how to screen out a compound preparation capable of remarkably promoting growth from hundreds of plant growth regulating substances and apply the compound preparation in a root irrigation manner, so that the chlorophyll a content of rice is improved once and for all, and the growth and development of the rice are stably promoted.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a screened preparation capable of obviously improving the chlorophyll a content of rice, which can be applied in a root irrigation manner.

The preparation is prepared by compounding natural plant growth regulating substances and nutrients.

The invention particularly relates to a compound preparation which is applied by root irrigation and is formed by combining S-abscisic acid, fulvic acid and nutrients.

The S-abscisic acid is a stress-resistant induction factor of a plant body, can start a stress-resistant gene of the plant body, induces and activates a stress-resistant immune system in the plant body, improves the resistance of the plant to cold, drought, plant diseases and insect pests and salt and alkali, can reduce the using amount of chemical pesticides by applying the S-abscisic acid, and has important physiological activity and application value in the aspects of improving the quality of agricultural products and the like.

Fulvic acid is extracted from natural humus, and is a group of substances which can be dissolved in alkali, acid and water, have small molecular weight, and dilute solution is yellow or brownish yellow; also is a plant growth regulator, can promote the growth of plants, can improve the stress resistance of plants, increase the yield and improve the quality.

Preferably, the complex formulation of the present invention is: s-abscisic acid (0.15% -1.5%) + N: P2O5: K2O (10-25: 5-15: 5-15) + fulvic acid (0.3% -3%).

In one embodiment (e.g., embodiment 1), the composite formulation of the present invention is: s-abscisic acid (1%) + N: P2O5: K2O (20: 10: 10) + fulvic acid (2%).

The application period of the compound preparation is the vegetative growth stage from 3-5 true leaves growing to the milk stage of rice.

The invention has the advantages that:

first, in the compound preparation of the present invention, the active ingredients are composed of only two of the S-abscisic acid and the fulvic acid, and no other activity-regulating substance is contained, the effect is significant and stable, and the instability of the overall effect caused by the mutual interference among more active ingredients is avoided.

And in the second compound preparation, only N, P, K nutrient is needed to be provided, so that the preparation is economical and practical.

Thirdly, the compound agent is specially used for irrigating roots of rice, thereby greatly facilitating agricultural production.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the overall growth of rice; the left side is a rice growth pattern adopting the compound preparation of the invention, and the right side is a rice growth pattern adopting common nutrients.

FIG. 2 shows the appearance of ears in rice; the left side is a rice spike occurrence picture adopting the compound preparation of the invention, and the right side is a rice spike occurrence picture adopting common nutrients.

Detailed Description

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.

Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

The invention takes rice (Oryza sativa L.) as an example, and illustrates the core idea and main contents of the invention, including but not limited to some key steps and the best experimental scheme.

Example 1 design of the experiment

The screening of plant growth regulating substances for root application which are effective in increasing the chlorophyll a content of plants is the research direction of the inventor for many years. Meanwhile, the inventors conducted root application experiments on six plants including rice, and screened more than 20 plant growth regulating substances and combinations thereof. The results show that the combination of the S-abscisic acid and the fulvic acid shows stable and good effects in multiple experiments, and particularly, the compound preparation combining the S-abscisic acid and the fulvic acid has very remarkable advantages in the experiment of increasing the chlorophyll a content of the rice. Therefore, in order to highlight the superiority of the complex formulation of the present invention, the present example will specifically show: the effect of applying ordinary nutrients, the effect of applying S-abscisic acid alone or fulvic acid alone, the effect of applying the complex formulation of the present invention, and the effect of applying the complex formulation of the present invention + other plant growth regulators (e.g., gibberellins). The specific grouping is as follows:

control group a-general nutrient: n: P2O5: K2O (20: 10: 10).

Treatment group B-S-abscisic acid (1%) + N: P2O5: K2O (20: 10: 10)

Treatment group C-Furic acid (2%) + N: P2O5: K2O (20: 10: 10)

Treatment group D — inventive complex formulation: s-abscisic acid (1%) + N: P2O5: K2O (20: 10:

10) + fulvic acid (2%).

Treatment group E-other complex formulation: s-abscisic acid (1%) + N: P2O5: K2O (20: 10:

10) + fulvic acid (2%) + gibberellin (1%).

Rice sample: rice (Oryza sativa L.) with 3-5 true leaves was selected as the test material. The rice is divided into five groups according to the design of the application control group A, the treatment group B, the treatment group C, the treatment group D and the treatment group E, and the other conditions are the same.

The application method comprises the following steps: after the preparations of the control group A, the treatment group B, the treatment group C, the treatment group D and the treatment group E are diluted by 300 times, root irrigation treatment is carried out on five groups of rice. Water once a week and apply control group a, treatment group B, treatment group C, treatment group D, treatment group E once, respectively. Pictures were taken after each application and growth was recorded. After 10 times of application, the growth condition of rice is investigated, and leaf samples of five groups of rice are respectively taken to be tested for chlorophyll a.

Example 2 chlorophyll a measurement method and synergistic Effect

Taking three leaves of experimental rice in a milk stage from top to bottom, shearing the leaves with scissors (the length is less than 1 cm), weighing each leaf fragment, weighing each fresh weight of 2g, putting the leaves into a triangular flask with a plug, taking 95% ethanol as a leaching solution, leaching for 8h, putting the triangular flask in the dark, carefully pouring the leaching solution into a 100ml volumetric flask, and keeping the volume to 100 ml. After shaking, 5ml of the solution was taken out from a 50ml volumetric flask, and the volume was adjusted to 50ml with 95% ethanol, and then the absorbance at 649nm and 665nm, respectively, was measured colorimetrically with a spectrophotometer to calculate the chlorophyll a concentration, and then converted to the fresh weight chlorophyll a content (mg/gfr).

The calculation formula is as follows: ca ═ 13.95D₆₆₅-6.88D₆₄₉(ii) a Wherein, Ca: chlorophyll a content.

The test results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 content of chlorophyll-a in Rice samples (unit: mg/g FW)

Item	A	B	C	D	E
						Chlorophyll a	1.431	1.709	1.564	2.354	2.173

Therefore, the composite preparation (D) can greatly improve the content of various chlorophyll in rice by root irrigation treatment, and particularly obviously improves the content of chlorophyll a. This result is exciting: different from direct foliage spraying, the invention adopts root irrigation treatment, and through unpredictable complex physiological and biochemical processes in plant bodies, the content of chlorophyll a in the leaves is extremely effectively increased, which is beyond the expectation of the inventor. Meanwhile, the effect of adding gibberellin into the composite preparation of the present invention is rather inferior to the original effect, and the effect of the plant growth regulator mixture is proved to be unexpected instead of simple superposition.

Example 3 measurement of other indicators of plants

The content of chlorophyll a is beneficial to photosynthesis of plants, so that more nutrient substances can be generated, and the development of the plants is promoted. Therefore, in order to confirm the above results, the present invention further measures plant height, leaf width, heading rate and morphology of plants using common nutrients and the composite preparation of the present invention.

The method for measuring the plant height comprises the following steps: the root to apical growth point was measured with a ruler.

The method for measuring the leaf height comprises the following steps: measured with a straight ruler from the blade root to the blade tip.

The method for measuring the leaf width comprises the following steps: taking the middle position of the blade, and measuring the positions of the two ends by using a ruler.

The measurement method of the heading rate comprises the following steps: counting the number of the plants with the ears in the total number of the plants.

The form measuring method comprises the following steps: observed and described with the naked eye.

The above measurements were performed in triplicate with single plants and in triplicate.

The measurement results are shown in FIGS. 1-2 and tables 2-5. It can be seen that the plant height, leaf width, and heading rate of the plants to which the complex formulation was applied were all significantly higher than the samples to which the normal nutrients were applied.

TABLE 2 plant heights (unit: cm) of two sets of samples of rice

TABLE 3 leaf height (unit: cm) of two sets of samples of rice

TABLE 4 leaf widths (unit: cm) of two sets of samples of rice

TABLE 5 heading rates and morphology of two sets of samples of Rice

Item	Scion rate	Form of the composition
			Common nutrient	13 strains/48 strains	Withered and yellow leaves are thin, the whole plant is short and has lodging phenomenon
Compound preparation	34/48 strains	The leaves are emerald green and robust, the whole plant is tall and straight and does not fall down

The above description of specific embodiments of the present application discloses technical details of the present invention in detail, and illustrates the technical idea of the present invention, which is intended to satisfy the granted provisions of patent law, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the chlorophyll a content of rice is characterized by comprising the step of applying a compound preparation to the rice, wherein the compound preparation is prepared by only combining two plant growth regulators and common nutrients.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the two plant growth regulators are S-abscisic acid and fulvic acid.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the mode of application is a root irrigation treatment.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the period of application is the vegetative growth stage from 3-5 true leaves of rice to the stage of maturity in milk.

5. The method of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the concentration of said S-abscisic acid is from 0.15% to 1.5%; the concentration of fulvic acid is 0.3% -3%.

6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the common nutrient is N, P, K-containing nutrient.

7. A compound preparation for increasing the chlorophyll a content of rice is characterized by only consisting of S-abscisic acid, fulvic acid and common nutrients.

8. The formulation of claim 7, wherein the concentration of said S-abscisic acid is from 0.15% to 1.5%; the concentration of fulvic acid is 0.3% -3%.

9. The formulation of claim 7 or 8, wherein the common nutrient is N, P, K-containing nutrient.

10. The preparation according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the complex preparation is used for root irrigation treatment to increase the content of chlorophyll-a in rice.