CN111566083A - 新的谷氨酰胺拮抗剂及其用途 - Google Patents
新的谷氨酰胺拮抗剂及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111566083A CN111566083A CN201880079030.2A CN201880079030A CN111566083A CN 111566083 A CN111566083 A CN 111566083A CN 201880079030 A CN201880079030 A CN 201880079030A CN 111566083 A CN111566083 A CN 111566083A
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Abstract
本发明公开了谷氨酰胺拮抗剂及其在治疗肿瘤、免疫、和神经疾病中的用途。还公开了一种用于治疗肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包含给予有此需要的对象治疗有效量的本公开的谷氨酰胺拮抗剂或其药物组合物。还公开了一种增强免疫检查点抑制剂的效果、使对象能够响应免疫检查点抑制剂、或使免疫检查点抑制剂的毒性或剂量或治疗的数量减少的方法,其包括给予有此需要的对象治疗有效量的本公开的谷氨酰胺拮抗剂或其药物组合物和免疫检查点抑制剂。还公开了治疗检查点抑制剂疗法难治的肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包含给予有此需要和有难治性疾病或病症的对象治疗有效量的本公开的谷氨酰胺拮抗剂或其药物组合物。
Description
联邦资助研究或开发
本发明是在国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health,NIH)授予的P30MH075673-S1下于政府资助下完成。政府对本发明拥有一定的权利。
背景技术
谷氨酰胺拮抗剂,如6-重氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸(DON)和氮杂-丝氨酸,在许多发表的临床前和几项临床研究中已显示出广泛的抗病毒(Antiviral Res.1997;33(3):165-75;Antiviral Res.1994;25(3-4):269-79)、抗感染(J.Bacteriol.1965;89:1348-53)、抗癌(例如,参见Yoshioka等人,1992;Tokushima J.Exp.Med.39(1-2):69-76)、抗炎、和免疫抑制活性(Kulcsar等人,2014;111:16053-58;Maciolek等人,2014;Curr OpinImmunol.27:60-74;Carr等人,2010;J Immunol.185:1037-1044;Colombo等人,2010;ProcNatl Acad SciUSA.107:18868-73),以及惊厥抑制(Proc R Soc Lond B BiolSci.1984Apr 24;221(1223):145-68)、抑制多发性硬化(Tohoku,J.Exp.Med.2009;217(2):87-92)、抑制癫痫和病毒性脑炎(J.Neurovirol.2015Apr;21(2):159-73)。然而,当以治疗剂量水平给予这样的谷氨酰胺拮抗剂时出现的严重毒性(例如,剂量限制性GI毒性,如口腔黏膜炎、胃出血、恶心和呕吐、以及腹痛)妨碍了其临床开发。
先前减轻与谷氨酰胺拮抗剂、如DON有关的严重毒性的尝试没有成功。例如,划分每日剂量并每四到六小时给予DON显然地倍增了DON的潜在毒性(MaGill等,1957)。在另一个实例中,在一项临床试验发表后,一项治疗开发也中止了,该治疗开发涉及将DON和PEG化谷氨酰胺酶一起给药以降低血浆谷氨酰胺,从而降低DON的剂量。
发明内容
本发明提供谷氨酰胺拮抗剂及其在治疗肿瘤、免疫、和神经疾病中的用途。
在特定方面中,本发明提供具有式(I)的结构的化合物:
其中:
m是选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
X1选自–O–和–(CH2)p–,其中p是选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
R是H、烷基、取代的烷基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、烯基、取代的烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烯基、取代的环烯基、三(烷基)铵、和四(烷基)铵;
R3、R5、和R7分别独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;
R6选自H、–(CH2)t–CH(NH–C(CH3)(=O))–(CH2)t–R9、–C(=O)–X2–R10、和一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸,其中一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸通过一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸的羧基部分和与R6相邻的氮原子结合,其中X2存在或不存在,如果存在,则选自–O–、–O–(CH2)q–、–(CH2)t–、和–(CH2)v–CH=CH–(CH2)v–,其中q和t分别独立地选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,每个v独立地选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,并且R9和R10分别独立地选自直链或支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;并且
R8选自H和–C(=O)–R11,其中R11为取代或未取代的烷基;
或其酯或药学上可接受的盐。
在特定方面中,本发明提供具有式(Ia)的结构的化合物:
其中:
m是选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
X1选自–O–和–(CH2)p–,其中p是选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
R1和R2分别独立地为H、烷基、取代的烷基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、烯基、取代的烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烯基、取代的环烯基、三(烷基)铵、或四(烷基)铵,其中R1和R2可相同或不同,或者R1和R2可一起形成C3-C6环烷基环;
R3、R5、和R7分别独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、或杂芳基;
R6选自H、–(CH2)t–CH(NH–C(CH3)(=O))–(CH2)t–R9、–C(=O)–X2–R10、和一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸,其中一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸通过一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸的羧基部分和与R6相邻的氮原子结合,其中X2存在或不存在,如果存在,则选自–O–、–O–(CH2)q–、–(CH2)t–、和–(CH2)v–CH=CH–(CH2)v–,其中q和t分别独立地选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,每个v独立地选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,并且R9和R10分别独立地选自直链或支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;并且
R8选自H和–C(=O)–R11,其中R11为取代或未取代的烷基;
或其酯或药学上可接受的盐。
在特定方面中,本发明提供具有式(Ia)的结构的化合物:
其中:
m是选自2、3、4、5、和6的整数;
X1选自–O–和–(CH2)–;
R1和R2分别独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基、取代的C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、取代的C3-C8环烷基、C2-C6烯基、取代的C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、取代的C2-C6炔基、C4-C8环烯基、取代的C4-C8环烯基、三(C1-C6烷基)铵、和四(C1-C6烷基)铵,其中R1和R2可相同或不同,或者R1和R2可以与它们所键合的碳一起形成C3-C8环烷基;
R3、R5、和R7分别独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、包含至少一个选自O、S、N的杂原子的C3-C6杂环烷基、C6-C10芳基和包含至少一个选自O、S、N的杂原子的C4-C10杂芳基;
R6选自H、–(CH2)t–CH(NH–C(CH3)(=O))–(CH2)t–R9、–C(=O)–X2–R10、和一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸,其中一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸通过一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸的羧基部分和与R6相邻的氮原子结合,其中X2存在或不存在,如果存在,则选自–O–、–O–(CH2)q–、–(CH2)t–、和–(CH2)v–CH=CH–(CH2)v–,其中q和t分别独立地选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,每个v独立地选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,并且R9和R10分别独立地选自直链或支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;并且
R8选自H和–C(=O)–R11,其中R11为取代或未取代的C1-C6;
或其酯或药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个方面本发明提供具有式(Ib)-(Ie)中的任一个的化合物:
其中R1-R3和R5-R8如式(Ia)中所定义。
本公开还提供一种药物组合物,其包含本发明的化合物和其药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。在一个实施方式中,所述药物组合物还包括至少一种肿瘤、免疫、抗感染、或神经试剂。
本发明还提供一种用于治疗肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包含给予有此需要的对象治疗有效量的本公开的化合物或其药物组合物。
在一个实施方式中,所述肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症是癌症。在另一实施方式中,所述肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症是细菌或病毒感染。在另一实施方式中,所述肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症是自身免疫疾病、免疫失调或炎性疾病。在另一实施方式中,所述肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症是神经变性疾病。在另一实施方式中,所述方法还包括给予治疗有效量的至少一种对于肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症的治疗有用的第二试剂。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供一种增强免疫检查点抑制剂的效果、使对象能够响应免疫检查点抑制剂、或使免疫检查点抑制剂的毒性或剂量或治疗的数量减少的方法,其包括给予有此需要的对象治疗有效量的本公开的化合物或其药物组合物和免疫检查点抑制剂。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供治疗免疫检查点抑制剂疗法难治的肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包含给予有此需要和有难治性疾病或病症的对象治疗有效量的本公开的化合物或其药物组合物。
上面已经陈述了本公开的主题的某些方面,其全部或部分由本公开主题解决,当结合下文中最佳描述的实施例和附图进行描述时,其他方面将变得显而易见。
附图说明
以上概括地描述了本公开,下面将结合附图进行描述,附图不一定按照比例绘制,其中:
图1A是显示在猪肠匀浆的存在下孵育60分钟后的完整化合物1-21的稳定性的柱状图。
图1B是显示当化合物1-21在猪肠匀浆的存在下孵育60分钟时DON释放程度的柱状图。
图2A是显示在猪肝匀浆的存在下孵育60分钟后的完整化合物1-21的稳定性的柱状图。
图2B是显示当化合物1-21在猪肝匀浆的存在下孵育60分钟时DON释放程度的柱状图。
图3A是显示在包含P493肿瘤细胞的人血浆中孵育化合物1-21后P493肿瘤细胞中DON浓度的柱状图。
图3B是显示在包含P493肿瘤细胞的人血浆中孵育化合物1-21后血浆中DON浓度的柱状图。
图4A是显示静脉(IV)输注后经时的DON和化合物2的浓度的图。
图4B是显示皮下(SC)给予后经时的DON和化合物2的浓度的图。
图4C显示在比格犬中SC给予后化合物7血浆药物动力学的线图。
图5A显示混合有1千万淋巴瘤(P493B)细胞的人血浆中孵育化合物后肿瘤细胞DON浓度的柱状图。化合物1、7、和12示出了在类似于DON的肿瘤细胞中的DON释放。化合物16示出了最小释放。
图5B是显示在1h孵育后在血浆中释放了最少DON的化合物1、7、12、和16的柱状图。
图5C显示出肿瘤细胞血浆分配与DON相比为55倍高的化合物7的柱状图,这提示肿瘤细胞中的摄取和选择性转化。
图6A是显示在人血浆中化合物7显示出稳定性并且主要以完整前药存在且DON释放<5%的线图,表明血浆中代谢和向DON的转化最小。
图6B是显示在P493B肿瘤细胞中,DON释放经时增加(>初始浓度的40%)的线图。在肿瘤细胞中观察到<1%完整化合物7,表明肿瘤细胞相对于血浆的选择性释放。
图7是显示使用化合物7和DON处理的P493 B淋巴瘤细胞的细胞增殖测定的线图。
具体实施方式
本文公开的主题可以按多种不同的形式实施,不应将本发明理解为局限于本文所提出的实施方式;而是,提供了这些实施方式以使得该公开内容能满足可适用的法律要求。实际上,通过以上描述和相关图所示内容中呈现的教导的益处,本文公开的主题相关领域技术人员可以想到本文公开的主题的许多改良和其它实施方式。因此,应当理解本文公开的主题限于本文公开的具体实施方式,各种改良和其它的实施方式也旨在包括在所附权利要求书限定的范围之内。
I.靶向肿瘤的谷氨酰胺拮抗剂
本文公开的主题部分地针对谷氨酰胺拮抗剂,以用于肿瘤,免疫,和神经用途。出乎意料地发现,本公开的化合物将谷氨酰胺拮抗剂(例如,DON)优先递送到人肿瘤细胞而不是血浆,肝和肠道(假定的毒性器官)中的谷氨酰胺拮抗剂暴露显著降低。不希望受任何特定理论的束缚,认为观察到的优先肿瘤递送基于肿瘤中富集的酶,包括纤溶酶、组织蛋白酶和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs),这些酶负责裂解设计的前体分子(promoeity)。该特征将允许以优先向肿瘤递送谷氨酰胺拮抗剂、更少系统性暴露的方式向患者给予本公开的化合物,从而大幅增强了治疗窗口。
谷氨酰胺拮抗剂通过掩盖胺和/或羧酸官能团来改变DON的药代动力学来制备,从而提供了较慢的释放动力学和细胞靶向以增强耐受性。此外,在一些实施方式中,所述化合物选择性地将活性谷氨酰胺拮抗剂靶向特定细胞或提供较慢的DON释放,从而降低药物分子的毒性。
已经发现,同时掩盖α-氨基和羧基官能团可增强稳定性和口服生物利用度。本公开的化合物还显示出与游离DON相当的稳定性。
表1提供了本公开的代表性化合物的结构。
本领域技术人员将理解,表1中所示的代表性化合物与本文公开的指导相结合将使本领域技术人员能够合成包括其他谷氨酰胺类似物的化合物,如式(I)的通式结构所例示的,如L-DONV、氮杂丝氨酸。换而言之,应理解的是,其他谷氨酰胺拮抗剂如L-DONV、氮杂-丝氨酸,可以用与表1所示化合物相同的取代基来衍生化。
因此,在一些实施方式中,本发明提供具有式(I)的结构的化合物:
其中:
m是选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
X1选自–O–和–(CH2)p–,其中p是选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
R是H、烷基、取代的烷基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、烯基、取代的烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烯基、取代的环烯基、三(烷基)铵、和四(烷基)铵;
R3、R5、和R7分别独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;
R6选自H、–(CH2)t–CH(NH–C(CH3)(=O))–(CH2)t–R9、–C(=O)–X2–R10、和一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸,其中一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸通过一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸的羧基部分和与R6相邻的氮原子结合,其中X2存在或不存在,如果存在,则选自–O–、–O–(CH2)q–、–(CH2)t–、和–(CH2)v–CH=CH–(CH2)v–,其中q和t分别独立地选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,每个v独立地选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,并且R9和R10分别独立地选自直链或支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;并且
R8选自H和–C(=O)–R11,其中R11为取代或未取代的烷基;
或其酯或药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方式中,本发明提供具有式(Ia)的结构的化合物:
其中:
m是选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
X1选自–O–和–(CH2)p–,其中p是选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
R1和R2分别独立地选自H、烷基、取代的烷基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、烯基、取代的烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烯基、取代的环烯基、三(烷基)铵、和四(烷基)铵,其中R1和R2可相同或不同,或者R1和R2可一起形成C3-C6环烷基;
R3、R5、和R7分别独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;
R6选自H、–(CH2)t–CH(NH–C(CH3)(=O))–(CH2)t–R9、–C(=O)–X2–R10、和一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸,其中一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸通过一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸的羧基部分和与R6相邻的氮原子结合,其中X2存在或不存在,如果存在,则选自–O–、–O–(CH2)q–、–(CH2)t–、和–(CH2)v–CH=CH–(CH2)v–,其中q和t分别独立地选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,每个v独立地选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,并且R9和R10分别独立地选自直链或支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、或杂芳基;并且
R8选自H和–C(=O)–R11,其中R11为取代或未取代的;
或其酯或药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方式中,所述化合物具有式(Ib)-(Ie)中任一个的结构:
其中R1-R3和R5-R8如式(Ia)中所定义。
在其他实施方式中,所述化合物具有式(If)的结构:
在具体实施方式中,所述化合物具有式(Ig)的结构:
其中R1、R2、和R11分别独立地为烷基。
在甚至更具体的实施方式中,所述化合物具有式(Ih)的结构:
在一些实施方式中,R6是H且所述化合物为:
在一些实施方式中,R6是–(CH2)t–CH(NH–C(CH3)(=O))–(CH2)t–R9。在某些实施方式中,各个t为1且R9为芳基。在具体实施方式中,所述化合物是:
在其他实施方式中,R6为–C(=O)–X2–R10。在某些实施方式中,X2存在且为–O–。在具体实施方式中,R10选自叔丁基和金刚烷基。在更具体实施方式中,所述化合物是:
在其他实施方式中,X2存在且为–O–(CH2)q–。在某些实施方式中,q为1且R10选自1H-芴-9-基和苯基。在具体实施方式中,所述化合物是:
在其他实施方式中,X2不存在且R10选自C2-C20烷基和金刚烷基、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉基、吡啶基、和取代的十氢菲。在具体实施方式中,所述化合物是:
在一些实施方式中,X2是–(CH2)t–且R10是1H-吲哚-3-基。在具体实施方式中,所述化合物是:
在一些实施方式中,X2是–(CH2)v–CH=CH–(CH2)v–且R10是芳基。在具体实施方式中,所述化合物是:
在一些实施方式中,R6是一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸。在具体实施方式中所述化合物是
如本文所用,术语“氨基酸”包括具有羧酸基团和氨基的部分。因此,术语氨基酸包括天然氨基酸(包括蛋白原氨基酸)和非天然氨基酸。术语“天然氨基酸”还包括可在翻译过程中掺入蛋白质中的其他氨基酸(包括吡咯赖氨酸和硒代半胱氨酸)。另外,术语“天然氨基酸”还包括在中间代谢期间形成的其他氨基酸,例如在尿素循环中由精氨酸产生的鸟氨酸。天然氨基酸汇总于表2:
天然或非天然氨基酸可以被任选地取代。在一个实施方式中,所述氨基酸选自蛋白原氨基酸。蛋白原氨基酸包括甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、精氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸和组氨酸。术语氨基酸包括α氨基酸和β氨基酸,例如但不限于β丙氨酸和2-甲基β丙氨酸。术语氨基酸还包括某些天然氨基酸的内酰胺类似物,例如但不限于焦谷氨酰胺。术语氨基酸还包括氨基酸同系物,包括高瓜氨酸、高精氨酸、高丝氨酸、高酪氨酸、高脯氨酸和高苯丙氨酸。
氨基酸残基或肽的末端部分可以是游离酸的形式,即以-COOH基为末端,也可以是被掩盖的(保护的)形式,例如为羧酸酯或羧酰胺形式。在某些实施方式中,氨基酸或肽残基末端为氨基。在一个实施方式中,残基末端为羧酸基团-COOH或氨基-NH2。在另一个实施方式中,残基末端为羧酰胺基团。在另一个实施方式中,残基末端为羧酸酯。
如上所述,术语“氨基酸”包括具有-COOH基团和-NH2基团的化合物。取代的氨基酸包括具有单-或二-取代氨基的氨基酸。在具体的实施方式中,氨基可以是单取代的。(蛋白原氨基酸可以在其氨基的另一个位点被取代以形成氨基酸,其作为取代的蛋白原氨基酸)。术语“取代的氨基酸”包括天然氨基酸的N-取代的代谢产物,包括但不限于N-乙酰基氨基酸,例如N-乙酰基半胱氨酸、N-乙酰基丝氨酸和N-乙酰基苏氨酸。
例如,术语“N-取代的氨基酸”包括N-烷基氨基酸(例如,C1-6 N-烷基氨基酸,例如肌氨酸、N-甲基-丙氨酸、N-甲基-谷氨酸和N-叔丁基甘氨酸),其可包括C1-6 N-取代的烷基氨基酸(例如,N-(羧基烷基)氨基酸(例如,N-(羧甲基)氨基酸)和N-甲基环烷基氨基酸(例如,N-甲基环丙基氨基酸));N,N-二-烷基氨基酸(例如,N,N-二-C1-6烷基氨基酸(例如,N,N-二甲基氨基酸));N,N,N-三烷基氨基酸(例如,N,N,N-三-C1-6烷基氨基酸(例如,N,N,N-三甲基氨基酸));N-酰基氨基酸(例如,C1-6 N-酰基氨基酸);N-芳基氨基酸(例如,N-苯基氨基酸,例如N-苯基甘氨酸);N-脒基氨基酸(例如,N-脒氨基酸,即其中胺基被胍基取代的氨基酸)。
术语“氨基酸”还包括氨基酸烷基酯(例如氨基酸C1-6烷基酯);和氨基酸芳基酯(例如氨基酸苯基酯)。
对于侧链上存在羟基的氨基酸,术语“氨基酸”还包括O-烷基氨基酸(例如,C1-6O-烷基氨基酸醚);O-芳基氨基酸(例如O-苯基氨基酸醚);O-酰基氨基酸酯;和O-氨基甲酰基氨基酸。
对于侧链上存在巯基的氨基酸,术语“氨基酸”还包括S-烷基氨基酸(例如,C1-6S-烷基氨基酸,例如S-甲基甲硫氨酸,其可包括C1-6S-取代的烷基氨基酸和S-甲基环烷基氨基酸(例如,S-甲基环丙基氨基酸));S-酰基氨基酸(例如,C1-6S-酰基氨基酸);S-芳基氨基酸(例如,S-苯基氨基酸);含硫氨基酸的亚砜类似物(例如甲硫氨酸亚砜)或S-烷基氨基酸的亚砜类似物(例如S-甲基半胱氨酸亚砜)或S-芳基氨基酸的亚砜类似物。
非蛋白原氨基酸的实例包括但不限于:瓜氨酸、羟脯氨酸、4-羟基脯氨酸、β-羟基缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、β-氨基丙氨酸、合欢氨酸(albizziin)、4-氨基苯丙氨酸、联苯基丙氨酸、4-硝基苯丙氨酸、4-氟苯丙氨酸、2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯丙氨酸、正亮氨酸、环己基丙氨酸、α-氨基异丁酸、α-氨基丁酸、α-氨基异丁酸、2-氨基异丁酸、2-氨基茚满-2-羧酸、硒代甲硫氨酸、羊毛硫氨酸(lanthionine)、脱氢丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、萘基丙氨酸、氨基己酸、哌啶酸、2,3-二氨基丙酸、四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸、叔亮氨酸、叔丁基丙氨酸、环丙基甘氨酸、环己基甘氨酸、4-氨基哌啶-4-羧酸、二乙基甘氨酸、二丙基甘氨酸及其衍生物、其中胺基的氮已被单烷基化或二烷基化。
II.合成方法
本文所述的化合物可以根据实施例中所述的方法以及方案I来合成。
方案1:
上面方案中显示的化合物11-21的部分可以具有R-构型或S-构型。
III.药物组合物和给予
在另一个方面,本发明提供一种药物组合物,其包含一种其单独或与一种或多种其他治疗剂以及药学上可接受的赋形剂混合使用的式(I)的化合物。因此,在一些实施方式中,本发明公开的主题提供药物组合物,其包含式(I)化合物和药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。本领域技术人员将认识到,药物组合物包括上述化合物的药学上可接受的盐。
药学上可接受的盐通常是本领域普通技术人员所公知的,并且包括活性化合物的盐,其根据本文所述化合物上发现的特定取代基部分,用相对无毒的酸或碱制备。当本公开化合物含有相对酸性的官能团时,可通过将这种化合物的中性形式接触足量的所需碱(纯的或在合适的惰性溶剂中)获得碱加成盐。药学上可接受碱加成盐的示例包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、铵盐、有机氨基盐或镁盐,或类似盐。
当本公开化合物含有相对碱性的官能团时,可通过将这种化合物的中性形式接触足量的所需酸(纯的或在合适的惰性溶剂中)获得酸加成盐。药学上可接受酸加成盐的示例包括:衍生自无机酸的盐,所述无机酸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、碳酸、碳酸氢、磷酸、单氢磷酸、二氢磷酸、硫酸、硫酸氢、氢碘酸或亚磷酸等,以及衍生自相对无毒有机酸的盐,所述有机酸如乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、马来酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、富马酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲基苯磺酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸等。还包括如精氨酸等的氨基酸的盐,和如葡萄糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸等的有机酸的盐(参见例如,Berge等(1977))。本发明的某些特定化合物含有允许该化合物转化为碱或酸加成盐的碱性和酸性官能团。
因此,作为示例而非限制,适用于本公开主题的药学上可接受的盐包括但不限于乙酸盐,苯磺酸盐,苯甲酸盐,碳酸氢盐,酒石酸氢盐,溴化物,乙二胺四乙酸钙,草酸盐,碳酸盐,柠檬酸盐,乙二酸盐,乙二磺酸盐,乙磺酸盐,乙磺酸盐,富马酸盐,葡糖酸盐,葡萄糖酸盐,谷氨酸盐,甘氨酰水杨酸,己基间苯二酸酯,肼苯二胺,氢溴酸盐,盐酸盐,羟萘甲酸酯,碘化物,羟乙磺酸盐,乳酸盐,乳糖酸盐,苹果酸盐,马来酸盐,扁桃酸盐,甲磺酸盐,粘酸盐,萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、扑酸盐(双羟萘酸盐)、泛酸盐、磷酸盐/二磷酸盐,聚半乳糖醛酸盐,水杨酸盐,硬脂酸盐,亚乙酸盐,琥珀酸盐,硫酸盐,鞣酸盐,酒石酸盐,或茶氯酸盐。其他药学上可接受的盐可参见例如,雷明顿:药物科学与实践(Remington:The Science andPractice of Pharmacy)(第20版)Lippincott,Williams&Wilkins(2000)。
在具体的实施方式中,盐是三(烷基)铵或四(烷基)铵盐。在更具体的实施方式中,盐选自三(C1-C8-烷基)铵、四(C1-C8-烷基)铵、三苯基铵、三(羟基-C1-C8-烷基)铵、和四(羟基-C1-C8-烷基)铵盐。在甚至更具体的实施方式中,盐选自三甲基铵、三乙基铵、三(羟乙基)铵、三丙基铵和三(羟丙基)铵盐。
在治疗和/或诊断应用中,本公开的化合物可以配制为多种给予方式,包括口服(舌下、颊)、经口、舌下、全身、局部或区域给予。技术和制剂通常可参见例如,雷明顿:药物科学与实践(Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy)(第20版)Lippincott,Williams&Wilkins(2000)。
根据所治疗的具体病症,可将所述化合物配制成液体剂型(例如溶液剂,混悬剂或乳剂)或固体剂型(胶囊或片剂)并全身或局部给药。如本领域技术人员已知的,所述化合物可以以例如定时、控制或持续缓慢释放的形式递送。用于配制和给药的技术可参见雷明顿:药物科学与实践(Remington:TheScience and Practice of Pharmacy)(第20版)Lippincott,Williams&Wilkins(2000)。合适的途径可包括:口服,口颊,通过吸入喷雾,舌下,直肠,透皮,阴道,透粘膜,鼻或肠给药;胃肠外给药,包括肌内,皮下,髓内注射,以及鞘内,直接心室内,静脉内,关节内,胸骨内,滑膜内,肝内,病灶内,颅内,腹膜内,鼻内或眼内注射或其他递送方式。在一些实施方式中,药物组合物口服给药。在一些实施方式中,药物组合物静脉内给予。在一些实施方式中,药物组合物肌内给予。在一些实施方式中,药物组合物鞘内给予。在一些实施方式中,药物组合物皮下给予。
对于注射剂,本公开的化合物可以在水溶液中配制并稀释,例如在生理相容性缓冲液中,例如汉克氏溶液、林格氏溶液或生理盐水缓冲液中。对于这样的经粘膜给药,在适合于待渗透屏障的制剂中采用渗透剂。这种渗透剂通常是本领域已知的。
使用化学上可接受的惰性载体将本文公开的用于实施本公开的化合物配制成适合全身给予的剂量在本公开的范围内。在适当选择载体和合适的制造实践的情况下,本发明的组合物,特别是配制为溶液的那些,可以肠胃外施用,例如通过静脉内注射。可以使用本领域公知的药学上可接受的载体将化合物容易地配制成适合口服给药的剂量。这些载体使得本公开的化合物能够配制成片剂、丸剂、胶囊、液体、凝胶、糖浆、浆液、悬浮液等,用于待治疗对象(例如患者)患者的口服摄入。
对于鼻腔或吸入递送,本公开的化合物也可以通过本领域技术人员已知的方法配制,并且可以包括例如但不限于增溶、稀释或分散物质的实例,如盐水;防腐剂,例如苯甲醇;吸收促进剂;和碳氟化合物。
适用于本公开的药物组合物包括组合物,其中包含有效量的活性成分以达到其预期目的。有效量的测定在本领域技术范围内,由其是在本发明的详细公开内容的教导下。通常,根据本公开的化合物在宽剂量范围内有效。例如,在成年人的治疗中,剂量0.01至1000mg、0.5至100mg、每天1至50mg以及每天5至40mg是剂量的实例。一个非限制性剂量是每天10至30mg。确切的剂量将取决于给药途径、化合物的给药形式、待治疗的对象、待治疗的对象的体重、化合物的生物利用度、吸附、分布、代谢、和排泄(ADME)毒性、以及主治医师的偏爱和经验。剂量的实例包括每天每kg患者体重约0.01至约100mg(mg/kg/天)、每天约0.01至约50mg/kg、每天约0.01至约25mg/kg或每天约0.05至约10mg/kg,可以单剂量或多剂量给药,特别是每天约0.1、约1、约5、约10、约15、约20、约25、约30、约35、约40、约45、约50、约55、约60、约65、约70、约75、约80、约85、约90、约95和约100mg/kg。
除活性成分外,这些药物组合物还可以包含合适的药学上可接受的载体,其中包括有助于将活性化合物加工成可药用的制剂的赋形剂和助剂。配制为口服给药的制剂可以是片剂、糖衣丸、胶囊或溶液形式。
口服使用的药物制剂可通过以下方法获得:将所述化合物与固体赋形剂混合,加入合适助剂(如果需要)后任选地研磨得到的混合物并加工颗粒混合物,以获得片剂或糖锭芯。合适的赋形剂尤其是填充剂,如糖,包括乳糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇或山梨糖醇;纤维素制剂,例如玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、大米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、明胶、黄芪胶、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP:聚维酮)。需要时,可添加崩解剂,例如交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂、藻酸,或其盐,例如海藻酸钠。
糖锭芯具有合适的包衣。出于这种目的,可使用浓缩糖溶液,其中可任选地含有阿拉伯胶、滑石粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、卡波姆凝胶、聚乙二醇和/或二氧化钛(PEG)、漆溶液和合适的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物。可将染料或颜料加入片剂或糖锭包衣,以便鉴别或表征活性化合物剂量的不同的组合。
可口服使用的药物制剂包括明胶制成的推入配合(push-fit)胶囊,以及明胶和增塑剂(如甘油或山梨糖醇)制成的密封软胶囊。推入配合胶囊可含有活性成分,其可与填充剂,如乳糖,粘合剂如淀粉,和/或润滑剂如滑石粉或硬脂酸镁,以及任选的稳定剂混合。软胶囊中,活性化合物可溶解或悬浮于合适的液体中,例如脂肪油、液体石蜡或液体聚乙二醇(PEG)。此外,可加入稳定剂。
IV.治疗疾病或病症的方法
所述化合物是口服生物利用的,毒性较小,并为过量和/或异常谷氨酰胺活性的疾病或病症提供了临床上可接受的剂量范例。如本文所用,术语“谷氨酰胺拮抗剂”是指干扰谷氨酰胺代谢途径的谷氨酰胺类似物,例如抑制或阻断谷氨酰胺下游的代谢途径,其中谷氨酰胺充当一种或多种非谷氨酰胺化合物的前体。这样的代谢途径的例子是众所周知的(参见,例如,Hensley等,2013;DeBerardinis等,2009;和Medina等,1992)。在某些情况下,术语谷氨酰胺拮抗剂还包括抑制谷氨酰胺被细胞摄取从而降低其生物活性的谷氨酰胺类似物。涉及过量和/或异常谷氨酰胺活性的疾病或病症包括但不限于感染、癌症、自身免疫疾病、神经变性或神经系统疾病和其他中枢神经系统疾病。
通常,这些方法导致对象的疾病或病况的严重性降低。术语“降低”意指抑制、削弱、减轻、减弱、阻止或稳定疾病或病况的症状。
本文中,术语“治疗”、“处理”等表示降低或缓解疾病或病况和/或其相关症状。应理解,虽然不是排除性的,但治疗及疾病或病症不需要完全消除该病症、病况或其相关症状。
因此,在一些实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗疾病或病况的方法,该方法包括给予需要治疗的对象一定量的式(I)化合物或其药物组合物用于有效治疗疾病或病症。
本发明还提供用式(I)的化合物或包含式(I)的化合物的药物组合物治疗疾病或病况的方法,该药物组合物任选地与至少一种抗微生物剂(例如,抗生素/抗病毒药等)一起治疗感染。
如本文所用,“感染”是指致病生物侵入宿主生物体的身体组织,它们的繁殖,以及宿主组织对这些生物体和它们产生的毒素的反应。预期使用式(I)的化合物或其任何药物组合物治疗感染性疾病,例如被任何细菌或病毒感染。
在一些实施方式中,感染包括细菌感染。DON的抗菌作用已在大肠杆菌中得到证实(参见Coggin等人,1965)。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物抑制细菌生长和/或存活。
在一些实施方式中,感染包括病毒感染。已经证明了谷氨酰胺类似物例如DON的抗病毒作用(参见,例如,Cinatl等,1997;Nishio等,1990)。预期用式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物治疗的病毒感染的实例包括但不限于:单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1),单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2),人巨细胞病毒(HCMV),人类副流感病毒2型(HPIV-2),马洛尼白血病病毒(MLV),腮腺炎,副粘病毒,脊髓灰质炎病毒,呼肠道病毒3型,呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV),仙台病毒和水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物可抑制病毒复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物可抑制单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)的复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物可抑制单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)的复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物可抑制人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)的复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物抑制人副流感病毒2型(HPIV-2)的复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物抑制马洛尼白血病病毒(MLV)的复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物抑制人腮腺炎病毒(Rubulavirus)的复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物抑制副粘病毒的复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物抑制脊髓灰质炎病毒的复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物抑制呼肠孤病毒3型的复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物抑制呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)的复制。病毒。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物抑制仙台病毒的复制。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任何药物组合物抑制水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)的复制。
在一些实施方式中,病毒感染是流感。如本文所用,“流感”是指甲型,乙型或丙型流感,副流感病毒和任何其他流感样病毒(参见,例如,美国专利公开第2006/0276438号,其公开了使用DON和氮杂丝氨酸治疗流感)。
在一个方面,本发明公开的主题提供式(I)化合物或其药物组合物,任选与抗病毒剂一起,用于制备用于治疗病毒感染和/或抑制复制的药物的用途。
如本文所用,“抗病毒剂”包括抑制病毒在细胞、组织或生物体中复制的化合物。预期与式(I)的化合物或包含式(I)的化合物的药物组合物联用的抗病毒剂的实例包括但不限于:阿昔洛韦(2-氨基-1,9-二氢-9-[(2-羟基乙氧基)甲基]-6H-嘌呤-6-酮)、伐昔洛韦(L-缬氨酸,2-[(2-氨基-1,6-二氢-6-氧代-9H-嘌呤-9-基)甲氧基]乙酯)、喷西洛韦(Pencyclovir)(9-[4-羟基-3-(羟基甲基丁基)]鸟嘌呤)、泛昔洛韦(2-[2-(氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)]乙基-1,3-丙二醇二乙酸酯)、利巴韦林(1-β-D-呋喃核糖基-1-H-1,2,4-三唑-3-甲酰胺)、拉米夫定((2R,顺式)-4-氨基-1-(2-羟基-1,3-氧硫杂戊环-5-基)-(1H)-嘧啶-2-酮)、金刚烷胺(1-金刚烷胺盐酸盐)和金刚乙胺(α-甲基三环(3.3.1.1/3.7癸烷-1-甲胺乙酸盐)。
本发明还提供式(I)的化合物或包含(I)的化合物的药物组合物,任选地与至少一种化疗剂、至少一种放疗剂和/或至少一种免疫治疗剂一起用于治疗癌症。在一些实施方式中,此类治疗包括用放射疗法、免疫疗法、光动力疗法、质子疗法和/或手术的任何组合进行治疗。
“化疗剂”是指在癌症治疗中给予的化合物或组合物。预期与式(I)的化合物、或包含式(I)的化合物的药物组合物联用的化学治疗剂包括但不限于:烷化剂,例如硫柳汞和环磷酰胺;磺酸烷基酯,例如白消安,英丙舒凡(improsulfan)和哌泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮杂环丙烷,例如苄替哌(benzodopa)、卡波醌(carboquone)、美妥替哌(meturedopa)和乌瑞替哌(uredopa);乙撑亚胺和甲基密胺,包括六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、三乙撑蜜胺、三乙撑磷酰胺(trietylenephosphoramide)、三乙撑硫代磷酰胺(triethylenethiophosphaoramide)和三羟甲基蜜胺(trimethylolomelamime);氮芥,例如氯胺丁(chlorambucil)、萘氮芥(chlornaphazine)、氯磷酰胺(cholophosphamide)、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、双氯乙基甲胺(mechlorethamine)、盐酸氧氮芥(mechlorethamine oxidehydrochloride)、美法仑(melphalan)、新氮芥(novembichin)、胆留醇对苯乙酸氮芥(phenesterine)、松龙苯芥(prednimustine)、曲磷胺(trofosfamide)、尿嘧啶氮芥;亚硝基脲(nitrosureas),例如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、氯脲菌素(chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)、雷莫司汀(ranimustine);抗生素,例如阿克拉霉素(aclacinomysins)、方文身寸菌素(actinomycin)、氨茴霉素(authramycin)、氮丝氨酸(azaserine)、博来霉素(bleomycin)、放线菌素C(cactinomycin)、加利车霉素(calicheamicin)、卡柔比星(carabicin)、洋红霉素(carminomycin)、嗜癌霉素(carzinophilin)、色霉素(chromomycinis)、放线菌素D(dactinomycin)、柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、衣索比星(esorubicin)、伊达比星(idambicin)、麻西罗霉素(marcellomycin)、丝裂霉素(mitomycin)、霉酚酸、诺加霉素(nogalamycin)、橄榄霉素(olivomycin)、培洛霉素(peplomycin)、泊非霉素(poffiromycin)、嘌呤霉素(puromycin)、三铁阿霉素(quelamycin)、罗多比星(rodorubicin)、链黑菌素(streptonigrin)、链脲菌素(streptozocin)、杀结核菌素(tubercidin)、乌苯美司(ubenimex)、净司他丁(zinostatin)、佐柔比星(zorubicin);抗代谢药,例如氨甲蝶呤(methotrexate)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,例如二甲叶酸(denopterin)、氨甲蝶呤、蝶罗呤(pteropterin)、三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);嘌呤类似物,例如氟达拉滨(fludarabine)、6-巯基嘌呤(6-mercaptopurine)、硫咪嘌呤(thiamiprine)、硫鸟嘌呤(thioguanine);嘧啶类似物,例如安西他滨(ancitabine)、阿扎胞苷(azacitidine)、6-氮尿苷(6-azauridine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷、双脱氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依诺他滨(enocitabine)、氟尿苷(floxuridine)、5-FU;雄激素类,例如卡普睾酮(calusterone)、丙酸甲雄烧酮(dromostanolone propionate)、环硫雄醇(epitiostanol)、美雄烷(mepitiostane)、睾内酯(testolactone);抗肾上腺类,例如氨鲁米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦(mitotane)、曲洛司坦(trilostane);叶酸补充剂,例如亚叶酸(frolinic acid);醋葡内酯(aceglatone);醛磷酰胺糖苷(aldophosphamide glycoside);氨基-γ-酮戊酸(aminolevulinic acid);安吖啶(amsacrine);苯塔布希(bestrabucil);比生群(bisantrene);依达曲沙(edatraxate);地弗法明(defofamine);秋水仙胺(demecolcine);地吖醌(diaziquone);依氟鸟氨酸(elfornithine);依利醋铵(elliptinium acetate);依托格鲁(etoglucid);硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖(lentinan);氯尼达明(lonidamine);米托胍腙(mitoguazone);米托葸醌(mitoxantrone);莫哌达醇(mopidamol);硝氨丙吖啶(nitracrine);喷司他丁(pentostatin);蛋氨氮芥(phenamet);吡柔比星(pirarubicin);鬼臼酸(podophyllinic acid);2-乙基酰肼(2-ethylhydrazide);丙卡巴胼(procarbazine);PSK;雷佐生(razoxane);西佐喃(sizofiran);锗螺胺(spirogermanium);细交链包菌丽酸(tenuazonic acid);三亚胺醌(triaziquone);2,2′,2″-三氯三乙胺;乌拉坦(urethan);长春地辛(vindesine);达卡巴嗪(dacarbazine);甘露莫司汀(mannomustine);二溴甘露醇(mitobronitol);二溴卫矛醇(mitolactol);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);甘托欣(gacytosine);阿糖胞苷(Ara-C);紫杉醇,例如紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇;氯胺丁;吉西他滨;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯基嘌呤;铂类似物,例如顺铂和卡铂;长春碱;铂;依托泊苷;异环磷酰胺;丝裂霉素C;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨;诺维本(navelbine);诺肖林(novantrone);替尼泊苷;道诺霉素(daunomycin);氨蝶呤(aminopterin);希罗达(xeloda);伊班膦酸钠(ibandronate);CPT11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(difluoromethylornithine);维甲酸;埃斯培拉霉素(esperamicins);卡培他滨(capecitabine);和任何上述药物的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。化疗剂还包括用于调节或抑制激素对肿瘤作用的抗激素剂,如抗雌激素剂,包括例如他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、芳香酶抑制性4(5)-咪唑、4-羟基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬、凯奥昔芬(keoxifene)、LY117018、奥那司酮和法乐通(Fareston);和抗雄激素剂,例如氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、亮丙瑞林和戈舍瑞林;以及上述药物的药学上可接受盐、酸或衍生物。
在一些实施方式中,所述化疗剂是拓扑异构酶抑制剂。拓扑异构酶抑制剂是干扰拓扑异构酶(例如,拓扑异构酶I或II)的作用的化疗剂。拓扑异构酶抑制剂包括但不限于盐酸阿霉素、柠檬柔红霉素、盐酸米托蒽醌、放线菌素D、依托泊苷、托泊替康HCl、替尼泊苷、和伊立替康,以及任何这些的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
在一些实施方式中,所述化疗剂是抗代谢物。抗代谢物是一种化学物质,其结构与正常生化反应所需的代谢物相似,但差异足以干扰细胞的一种或多种正常功能,例如细胞分裂。抗代谢物包括但不限于吉西他滨、氟尿嘧啶、卡培他滨、甲氨蝶呤钠、雷利替雷、培美曲塞、替加福、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、硫代鸟嘌呤、5-氮杂胞苷、6-巯基嘌呤、硫唑嘌呤、6-硫代鸟嘌呤、喷司他丁、和克拉屈滨,以及其中任何一种的可药用盐、酸或衍生物。
在某些实施方式中,化疗剂是抗有丝分裂剂,包括但不限于结合微管蛋白的药剂。在一些实施方式中,所述药剂是紫杉烷。在某些实施方式中,所述药剂是紫杉醇或多西紫杉醇,或其药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。在某些替代实施方式中,抗有丝分裂剂包括长春花生物碱,例如长春新碱,长春碱,长春瑞滨或长春地辛,或其药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
如本文所用,术语“免疫治疗剂”是指可通过诱导、增强或抑制细胞、组织、器官或对象中的免疫应答来帮助治疗疾病的分子。预期与式(I)的化合物、或包含式(I)的化合物的药物组合物联用的免疫治疗剂的实例包括但不限于:免疫检查点分子(例如,针对免疫检查点蛋白的抗体),白细胞介素(例如,IL-2,IL-7,IL-12,IL-15),细胞因子(例如,干扰素,G-CSF,咪喹莫特),趋化因子(例如,CCL3,CCL26,CXCL7),疫苗(例如,肽疫苗,树突细胞(DC)疫苗,EGFRvIII疫苗,中胚轴疫苗,G-VAX,李斯特菌疫苗)和获得性T细胞疗法,包括嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR T细胞)。
本文使用的免疫检查点调节剂的实例包括但不限于有机小分子(例如半抗原)或无机小分子;糖;寡糖;多糖;选自肽(例如,适体)、蛋白质、肽类似物和衍生物的生物大分子;拟肽;选自miRNA、siRNA、shRNA、反义核酸(例如反义RNA、核酶和适体)的核酸;由选自细菌、植物、真菌、动物细胞和动物组织的生物材料制成的提取物;天然或合成成分;及其任何组合。免疫检查点调节剂的其他实例包括正构抑制剂、变构调节剂、界面结合剂以及充当竞争性抑制剂的底物的分子类似物。
免疫检查点调节剂的实例包括但不限于PD-1拮抗剂、PD-L1拮抗剂、CTLA-4拮抗剂、Lag-3拮抗剂、CD 137拮抗剂、KIR拮抗剂、Tim3拮抗剂、Ox40激动剂、B7-H3拮抗剂和其组合。
示例性的CTLA-4拮抗剂包括但不限于伊匹单抗、特姆单抗和其组合。
示例性的Lag-3拮抗剂包括但不限于BMS-986016和IMP321。
示例性的CD 137拮抗剂包括但不限于CD137-特异性抗体、肽、有机小分子、反义寡核苷酸、siRNA、反义表达载体或重组病毒。在一些实施方式中,CD137特异性抗体是克隆BBK-2或克隆4B4-1,如WIPO国际申请公开第WO200405513A2号中所述。
T细胞免疫球蛋白和粘蛋白结构域3(TIM3)拮抗剂包括但不限于抗TIM3单克隆抗体。
Linch等人在“OX40激动剂和组合免疫疗法:将Pedal置于金属上”描述了Ox40激动剂,Front Oncol 5:34;2015。示例性的Ox40激动剂包括但不限于抗Ox40激动剂抗体。其他示例性的Ox40激动剂包括但不限于0X86和Fc-OX40L。
示例性的B7-H3拮抗剂包括但不限于MGA271。
示例性的PD-L1拮抗剂包括但不限于BMS-936559/MDX-1 105、MEDI4736、MPDL3280A、MPDL3280A、MSB0010718C及其组合。
本文中使用的PD-1拮抗剂包括但不限于AMP-224、AMP-554、纳武单抗(nivolumab)、派姆单抗(pembrolizumab)、匹姆单抗(pidilizumab)及其组合。
免疫检查点抑制剂和本公开的化合物同时或以任一顺序依次给予。在另一方面,治疗剂在免疫检查点抑制剂之前给予。
如本文所用,“放疗剂”是指可用于放射疗法的药剂,其通过辐射照射通过损伤细胞(例如,恶性细胞)作为靶标起作用。预期与式(I)的化合物、或包含式(I)的化合物的药物组合物联用的示例性的放疗剂是包含于底物颗粒中的过氧化钛、其通过辐射照射产生羟基自由基,以及具有攻击靶标的作用的羟基自由基、如美国专利第8,580,312所述。
如本文所用,患者中的“癌症”是指存在具有致癌细胞典型特征的细胞,例如,不受控制的增殖,丧失特化功能,永生,显著的转移潜能,抗细胞凋亡活性的显著增加,快速生长和增殖速度,以及某些特征形态和细胞标记物。在某些情况下,癌细胞是肿瘤的形式;这样的细胞可局部地存在于动物、或作为独立细胞在血液中循环,例如白血病细胞。如本文所用,“肿瘤”是指所有肿瘤细胞生长和增殖,无论是恶性还是良性,以及所有癌前和癌细胞和组织。如本文所用,“实体瘤”是通常不包含囊肿或液体区域的异常组织块。实体瘤可位于脑、结肠、乳房、前列腺、肝脏、肾脏、肺、食道、头部、颈部、卵巢、子宫颈、胃、结肠、直肠、膀胱、子宫、睾丸和胰腺,作为非限制性实例。在一些实施方式中,在用本文所述方法治疗实体瘤之后,实体瘤发生消退或其生长减慢或停止。在其他实施方式中,实体瘤是恶性的。在一些实施方式中,癌症包括0期癌症。在一些实施方式中,癌症包括I期癌症。在一些实施方式中,癌症包括II期癌症。在一些实施方式中,癌症包括III期癌症。在一些实施方式中,癌症包括IV期癌症。在一些实施方式中,癌症是难治性和/或转移性的。例如,该癌症对于放射疗法、化学疗法或用免疫疗法的单一疗法可能是难治的。本文使用的癌症包括新诊断或复发的癌症,包括但不限于:急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓性白血病、晚期软组织肉瘤、脑癌、转移性或侵袭性乳癌、乳腺癌、支气管癌、绒毛膜癌、慢性粒细胞白血病、结肠癌、结直肠癌、尤因氏肉瘤、胃肠道癌、胶质瘤、多形性胶质母细胞瘤、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金病、颅内室管膜细胞瘤、大肠癌、白血病、肝癌、肺癌、Lewis肺癌、淋巴瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、乳腺肿瘤、黑色素瘤、间皮瘤、神经母细胞瘤、成骨肉瘤、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、脑桥肿瘤、绝经前乳腺癌、前列腺癌、横纹肌肉瘤、网状细胞肉瘤、肉瘤、小细胞肺癌、实体瘤、胃癌、睾丸癌和子宫癌。
在一个实施方式中,癌症是急性白血病。在一个实施方式中,癌症是急性淋巴细胞性白血病。在一个实施方式中,癌症是急性髓性白血病。在一些实施方式中,癌症是晚期软组织肉瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是脑癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是乳癌(例如,转移性或侵袭性乳癌)。在一些实施方式中,癌症是乳腺癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是支气管癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是绒毛膜癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是慢性粒细胞白血病。在一些实施方式中,癌症是结肠癌(例如腺癌)。在一些实施方式中,癌症是结直肠癌(例如恶性结直肠癌)。在一些实施方式中,癌症是尤因氏肉瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是胃肠道癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是胶质瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是多形胶质母细胞瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是头颈部鳞状细胞癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是肝细胞癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是霍奇金病。在一些实施方式中,癌症是颅内室管膜细胞瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是大肠癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是白血病。在一些实施方式中,癌症是肝癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是肺癌(例如,恶性肺癌)。在一些实施方式中,癌症是Lewis肺癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是淋巴瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是恶性纤维组织细胞瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是乳腺肿瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是黑色素瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是间皮瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是神经母细胞瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是成骨肉瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是卵巢癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是胰腺癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是脑桥肿瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是绝经前乳腺癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是前列腺癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是横纹肌肉瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是网状细胞肉瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是肉瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是小细胞肺癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是实体瘤。在一些实施方式中,癌症是胃癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是睾丸癌。在一些实施方式中,癌症是子宫癌。
在一些实施方式中,癌症包括谷氨酰胺依赖性癌症,其中谷氨酰胺是癌症中细胞能量的重要燃料来源(例如,造血肿瘤,肝细胞瘤,埃里米利癌(Ehrilich carcinoma)(参见Huber等,谷氨酰胺抗代谢物6-重氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸(DON)在敏感和耐药肿瘤细胞系中的摄取("Uptake of glutamine antimetabolites 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine(DON)insensitive and resistant tumor cell lines"),Int.J.Cancer.1988;41:752-755))。
在一些实施方式中,癌症是Myc依赖性癌症。如本文所用,“Myc依赖性癌症”是指表现出c-Myc的激活,过表达和/或扩增的癌症。在某些情况下,“Myc依赖性癌症”是c-Myc在癌细胞中增加谷氨酰胺代谢而起作用的一种癌症。Myc依赖性癌症的实例包括但不限于淋巴瘤、成神经细胞瘤和小细胞肺癌。
在一些实施方式中,癌症是mTORC1依赖性癌症。如本文所用,“mTORC1依赖性癌症”是指其中mTORC1以谷氨酰胺依赖性方式被激活的癌症,即mTORC1在癌细胞中增加谷氨酰胺代谢而起作用。
公开了使用式(I)的化合物、或包含式(I)的化合物的药物组合物的方法,其任选地与至少一种免疫抑制剂和/或抗炎一起使用以治疗自身免疫疾病、免疫失调、或炎性疾病。
如本文所用,“免疫抑制剂”是指可用于免疫疗法以减少或预防细胞、器官、组织或对象中的免疫应答的试剂。预期与式(I)的化合物、或包含式(I)的化合物的药物组合物联用的免疫抑制剂的实例包括皮质类固醇、钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂、抗增殖剂、SIP受体激动剂、激酶抑制剂、单克隆抗淋巴细胞抗体和多克隆抗淋巴细胞抗体。皮质类固醇的非限制性实例包括泼尼松(和)和甲基强的松龙钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂的非限制性实例包括环孢菌素(Cyclosporin A,SangCya, )、ISA、Tx247、ABT-281、ASM 981和他克莫司(FK506)。抗增殖剂的非限制性实例包括吗替麦考酚酯(Mycophenolate Mofetil)硫唑嘌呤(Azathioprene)和西罗莫司(Sirolimus)SIP受体激动剂的非限制性实例包括FTY720或其类似物。激酶抑制剂的非限制性实例包括mTOR激酶抑制剂,其是靶向、降低或抑制丝氨酸/苏氨酸mTOR家族成员的活性和/或功能的化合物、蛋白质或抗体。这些包括但不限于:CCI-779,ABT578,SAR543,雷帕霉素及其衍生物或类似物,包括40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素,拉帕罗格(rapalogs),包括AP23573,AP23464,AP23675和AP23841(购自Ariad),依维莫司(Everolimus)(CERTICAN,RAD001),Biolimus 7,Biolimus 9和西罗莫司(RAPAMUNE)。激酶抑制剂还包括蛋白激酶C抑制剂,其包括PCT公开WO 2005/097108和WO 2005/068455中描述的化合物。单克隆抗淋巴细胞抗体的非限制性实例包括:莫罗单抗-CD3(Orthoclone),白细胞介素-2受体拮抗剂(Basiliximab,)和达利珠单抗多克隆抗淋巴细胞抗体的非限制性实例包括:抗胸腺细胞球蛋白-马和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白-兔(RATG,)。其他免疫抑制剂包括但不限于SERP-1,恶性兔纤维瘤病毒(MRV)和粘液瘤病毒(MYX)产生的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,描述于美国专利公开第2004/0029801号。
如本文所用,“抗炎剂”是指可用于预防或减少细胞、组织、器官或对象中的炎症反应或炎症的试剂。预期与式(I)的化合物、或包含式(I)的化合物的药物组合物联用的示例性的抗炎剂包括但不限于类固醇抗炎剂、非甾体抗炎剂、或其组合。在一些实施方式中,抗炎剂包括:氯倍他索(clobetasol)、阿氯芬酸(alclofenac)、双丙酸阿氯米松(alclometasone dipropionate)、丙酮缩二轻孕酮(algestone acetonide)、α淀粉酶(alpha amylase)、安西法尔(amcinafal)、安西非特(amcinafide)、氨芬酸钠(amfenacsodium)、盐酸氨普立糖(amiprilose hydrochloride)、阿那白滞素(anakinra)、阿尼罗酸(anirolac)、阿尼扎芬(anitrazafen)、阿扎丙宗(apazone)、巴柳氮二钠(balsalazidedisodium)、苄达酸(bendazac)、苯噁洛芬(benoxaprofen)、盐酸苄达明(benzydaminehydrochloride)、菠萝蛋白酶(bromelains)、溴哌莫(broperamole)、布地奈德(budesonide)、卡布洛芬(carprofen)、环洛芬(cicloprofen)、辛喷他宗(cintazone)、克利洛芬(cliprofen)、丙酸氯倍他索(clobetasol propionate)、丁酸氯倍他松(clobetasonebutyrate)、氯苯毗咯酸(clopirac)、丙酸氯硫卡松(cloticasone propionate)、醋酸三氟米松(cormethasone acetate)、可托多松(cortodoxone)、地夫可特(deflazacort)、丙缩羟强龙(desonide)、去羟米松(desoximetasone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、醋酸地塞米松、二丙酸地塞米松、双氯芬酸钾、双氯芬酸钠、双醋二氟拉松(diflorasone diacetate)、二氟米酮钠(diflumidone sodium)、双氟尼酸(diflunisal)、二氟泼尼酯(difluprednate)、地弗他酮(diftalone)、二甲亚枫、羟西奈德(drocinonide)、甲地松(endrysone)、恩莫单抗(enlimomab)、依诺利康钠(enolicam sodium)、依匹唑(epirizole)、依托度酸(etodolac)、依托芬那酯(etofenamate)、联苯乙酸(felbinac)、非那莫(fenamole)、芬布芬(fenbufen)、芬氯酸(fenclofenac)、苯克洛酸(fenclorac)、芬度柳(fendosal)、苯吡噁二酮(fenpipalone)、芬替酸(fentiazac)、夫拉扎酮(flazalone)、氟扎可特(fluazacort)、氟芬那酸(flufenamic acid)、氟咪唑(flumizole)、醋酸氟尼缩松(flunisolide acetate)、氟尼辛(flunixin)、氟尼辛葡胺(flunixin meglumine)、氟考丁酯(fluocortin butyl)、醋酸氟米龙(fluorometholone acetate)、氟哇宗(fluquazone)、氟吡洛芬(flurbiprofen)、氟瑞托芬(fluretofen)、丙酸氟替卡松(fluticasone propionate)、呋喃洛芬(furaprofen)、呋罗布芬(furobufen)、哈西奈德(halcinonide)、丙酸卤倍他索(halobetasolpropionate)、醋酸卤泼尼松(halopredone acetate)、异丁芬酸(ibufenac)、布洛芬、布洛芬铝,布洛芬吡啶甲醇(ibuprofen piconol)、伊洛达普(ilonidap)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、吲哚美辛钠(indomethacin sodium)、吲哚布洛芬(indoprofen)、吲哚克索(indoxole)、吲四唑(intrazole)、醋酸异氟泼尼龙(isoflupredone acetate)、伊索克酸(isoxepac)、伊索昔康(isoxicam)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、盐酸洛非咪唑(lofemizolehydrochloride)、氯诺昔康(lomoxicam)、氯替泼诺碳酸乙酯(loteprednol etabonate)、甲氯灭酸钠(meclofenamate sodium)、甲氯灭酸(meclofenamic acid)、二丁酸甲氯松(meclorisone dibutyrate)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、美沙拉秦(mesalamine)、美西拉宗(meseclazone)、磺庚甲泼尼龙(methylprednisolone suleptanate)、吗尼氟酯(momiflumate)、萘丁美酮(nabumetone)、萘普生(naproxen)、萘普生钠、茶普索(naproxol)、尼马宗(nimazone)、奥沙拉秦钠(olsalazine sodium)、奥古蛋白(orgotein)、奥帕诺辛(orpanoxin)、奥沙普秦(oxaprozin)、羟布宗(oxyphenbutazone)、盐酸瑞尼托林(paranyline hydrochloride)、戊聚硫钠(pentosan polysulfate sodium)、甘油保泰松钠(phenbutazone sodium glycerate)、吡非尼酮(pirfenidone)、吡罗昔康、肉桂酸吡罗昔康、吡罗昔康乙醇胺(piroxicam olamine)、吡洛芬(pirprofen)、泼那扎特(prednazate)、普立非酮(prifelone)、普罗度酸(prodolic acid)、普罗喹宗(proquazone)、普罗沙唑(proxazole)、柠檬酸普罗沙唑(proxazole citrate)、利美索龙(rimexolone)、氯马扎利(romazarit)、柳胆来司(salcolex)、沙那固定(salnacedin)、双水杨酯(salsalate)、血根氯铵(sanguinarium chloride)、司克拉宗(seclazone)、丝美辛(sermetacin)、舒多昔康(sudoxicam)、舒林酸(sulindac)、舒洛芬(suprofen)、他美辛(talmetacin)、他尼氟酯(talniflumate)、他洛柳酯(talosalate)、特丁非隆(tebufelone)、替尼达普(tenidap)、替尼达普钠(tenidapsodium)、替诺昔康(tenoxicam)、替昔康(tesicam)、苄叉异喹酮(tesimide)、四氢甲吲胺(tetrydamine)、硫平酸(tiopinac)、特戊酸巯氢可的松(tixocortol pivalate)、托美丁(tolmetin)、托美丁钠(tolmetin sodium)、三氯奈德(triclonide)、三氟米酯(triflumidate)、齐多美辛(zidometacin)、佐美酸钠(zomepiracsodium)、阿司匹林(乙酰水杨酸)、水杨酸、皮质类固醇、糖皮质激素、他克莫司、吡美莫司(pimecorlimus),其前药、其组合药物以及它们的组合。抗炎剂也可以是促炎信号分子的生物抑制剂,包括针对这种生物炎症信号分子的抗体。
自身免疫是生物体未能将其自身的组成部分(低至亚分子水平)识别为“自身”,从而导致针对其自身细胞和组织的免疫应答。由这种异常的免疫反应引起的任何疾病称为自身免疫疾病。有害的免疫反应可以是例如与自身免疫性疾病、过敏或炎性疾病相关的免疫反应。术语“免疫障碍”是涉及免疫系统的疾病,其可包括但不限于过敏,自身免疫疾病,免疫复合疾病,免疫缺陷疾病和免疫系统的癌症。在一些实施方式中,自身免疫疾病、免疫疾病或炎性疾病是多发性硬化。
本文公开的主题考虑使用式(I)的化合物、或包含式(I)的化合物的药物组合物,任选与至少一种神经保护剂和/或至少一种神经营养因子、和/或至少一种神经再生剂一起使用以治疗治疗神经变性疾病或神经系统疾病。
“神经变性疾病”是一种表征为神经元的结构或功能的进行性丧失(例如,神经元或其他神经细胞的变性或功能障碍)的疾病、障碍或病症。谷氨酰胺酶催化的谷氨酰胺水解为谷氨酸是脑谷氨酸的主要来源。正常的中枢神经系统(CNS)突触传递使用谷氨酸作为主要的兴奋性氨基酸神经递质。过度的谷氨酸能信号传导(称为兴奋性毒性)被认为会在各种神经变性疾病如中风、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)、亨廷顿氏病、阿尔茨海默氏病和与HIV相关的痴呆症中引起中枢神经系统损害。因此,不希望受到理论的束缚,据信目前公开的化合物可用于治疗此类神经变性疾病,例如,通过抑制谷氨酰胺酶以减轻由于过度的谷氨酸能信号传导引起的兴奋性中毒而导致的CNS损伤。
在具体的实施方式中,神经变性疾病是多发性硬化症(MS)。DON已被证明可有效改善实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE),这是一种多发性硬化症(MS)的动物模型(参见例如Shijie等,2009)。在具体的实施方式中,神经变性疾病是HIV相关的痴呆(HAD)。在具体的实施方式中,神经变性疾病是局部缺血(例如,短暂性脑缺血性脑损伤)。在具体的实施方式中,神经变性疾病是中风。在具体的实施方式中,神经变性疾病是肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)。在具体的实施方式中,神经变性疾病是亨廷顿舞蹈病。在具体的实施方式中,神经变性疾病是阿尔茨海默氏病。
在一些实施方式中,本发明公开的主题提供了用于抑制患有疾病或病症的对象中发现的过量和/或异常谷氨酰胺活性的方法。如本文所用,术语“抑制”意指减少或降低对象中发现的过量和/或异常谷氨酰胺活性。术语“抑制”还可以意指减少、削弱、减轻、减弱、阻止或稳定疾病或病症的发展或进展。与未治疗的对照对象或没有疾病或病症的对象相比,抑制可发生例如至少10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%、98%、99%、或甚至100%。如本文所用,术语“过量谷氨酰胺活性”是指与没有类似疾病或病症的对象中的谷氨酰胺活性相比,患有疾病或病症的对象中谷氨酰胺活性的增加,例如增加约100%、100%、200%、300%、400%、500%、600%、700%、800%、900%、1000%或更多。如本文所用,术语“异常谷氨酰胺活性”是指与没有相似疾病或病症的对象中的谷氨酰胺活性相比,患有疾病或病症的对象中谷氨酰胺的生物活性的变化,例如在恶性、肿瘤性或其它病理性细胞过程的生长和/或增殖中谷氨酰胺的利用。
在一些实施方式中,疾病或病症涉及过量和/或异常的谷氨酰胺活性。在这样的方面中,所述方法还包括在给予式(I)的化合物或其任何药物组合物时抑制过量和/或异常的谷氨酰胺活性。
在另一个方面,目前公开的主题涉及用于治疗疾病或病况的式(I)的化合物或其任何药物组合物的用途。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任意药物组合物用于治疗以下的疾病或病症:感染,癌症,自身免疫疾病,炎性疾病和神经变性或神经疾病。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任意药物组合物用于治疗选自多发性硬化,惊厥,癫痫和病毒性脑炎的疾病或病症。在一些实施方式中,式(I)化合物或其任意药物组合物用于治疗涉及过量和/或异常谷氨酰胺活性的疾病或病症。在这样的方面中,所述用途涉及当式(I)的化合物或其任何药物组合物被用于治疗疾病或病况时,抑制过量和/或异常的谷氨酰胺活性。
在另一方面中,本发明提供一种增强免疫检查点抑制剂的效果、使对象能够响应免疫检查点抑制剂、或使免疫检查点抑制剂的毒性或剂量或治疗的数量减少的方法,其包括给予有此需要的对象治疗有效量的本公开的化合物或其药物组合物和免疫检查点抑制剂。在一个实施方式中,本公开的化合物或其药物组合物的共同给予逆转了对免疫检查点抑制剂的耐药性或难治性。在另一实施方式中,所述疾病或病症是癌症。在另一种实施方式中,所述疾病或病症是免疫检查点耐药的结肠癌、成胶质细胞瘤或头颈癌。在另一实施方式中,所述免疫检查点抑制剂是伊匹单抗派姆单抗纳武单抗阿特朱单抗阿维单抗或度伐鲁单抗
在另一方面中,本发明提供治疗免疫检查点抑制剂疗法难治的肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包含给予有此需要和有难治性疾病或病症的对象治疗有效量的本公开的化合物或其药物组合物。本公开的化合物可单独给予或与免疫检查点抑制剂疗法一起给予。所述给予可在免疫检查点抑制剂之前、同时、之后进行。在另一实施方式中,所述免疫检查点抑制剂是伊匹单抗派姆单抗纳武单抗阿特朱单抗阿维单抗或度伐鲁单抗
在另一方面中,本发明提供治疗检查点抑制剂疗法难治的肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包含给予有此需要和有难治性疾病或病症的对象治疗有效量的本公开的化合物或其药物组合物。在一个实施方式中,所述化合物或其药物组合物与免疫检查点抑制剂疗法一起给予。在另一个实施方式中,化合物或药物组合物在检查点抑制剂之前、同时或之后给予对象。在另一实施方式中,所述免疫检查点抑制剂是伊匹单抗派姆单抗纳武单抗阿特朱单抗阿维单抗或度伐鲁单抗
V.定义
尽管在本文中使用了特定术语,但是这些术语仅以通用和描述性意义使用,而不用于对本发明构成限制。除非另外定义,否则,本文中使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本文公开的主题所属领域普通技术人员通常所理解的同样含义。
虽然关于式(I)化合物的下列术语据信是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的,仍给予以下定义以助理解在此公开的主题。这些定义旨在补充和说明而不是排除在阅读本公开后对于本领域的普通技术人员显而易见的定义。
如本文所用,术语“取代的”(无论是否在前缀有术语“任选地”)和“取代基”是指,如本领域技术人员所理解的,将分子上的一个官能团改变为另一个官能团的能力,条件是维持所有原子的化合价。当任何给定结构中的多于一个位置可以被选自指定组的多于一个的取代基取代时,该取代基在每个位置上可以相同或不同。取代基也可以被进一步取代(例如,芳基取代基可以具有另一个取代基,如另一个芳基,其在一个或多个位置被进一步取代)。
如果取代基基团或连接基团由其常规化学式指定并从左到右书写,则它们同样地包含由右到左书写结构而产生的化学相同的取代基,例如,-CH2O-等同于-OCH2-;-C(=O)O-等同于-OC(=O)-;-OC(=O)NR-等同于-NRC(=O)O-,等等。
当使用术语“独立地选自”时,所提及的取代基(例如R基团,如基团Rl、R2等,或变量如“m”和“n”)可以是相同的或者不同的。例如,R1和R2可均为取代的烷基,或R1可为氢并且R2可为取代的烷基,等等。
当用于提及本文中取代基时,术语“一个”或“一种”指至少一个(种)。例如,当化合物被“一个”烷基或芳基取代时,该化合物任选地被至少一个烷基和/或至少一个芳基取代。此外,当一个部分被R取代基取代时,该基团可以被称为“R-取代的”。当一个部分被R-取代时,该部分被至少一个R取代基取代,并且每个R取代基任选地是不同的。
除非本文另有说明,否则命名的“R”或基团通常具有本领域公认的对应于具有该名称的基团的结构。出于说明的目的,如下所述定义了如上所述的某些代表性“R”基团。
本公开的化合物的描述遵循本领域技术人员已知的化学成键原理。因此,当某一基团可被一种或多种取代基取代时,这类取代基的选择应符合化学成键原理并生成非内在不稳定和/或本领域普通技术人员已知其在环境条件(如水性、中性或多个已知的生理条件)下可能是不稳定的化合物。例如,杂环烷基或杂芳基以根据本领域技术人员已知的化学键合原理、通过环杂原子连接至分子的其余部分,从而避免了固有的不稳定化合物。
为了本公开的目的,术语“烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时,是指含有一个或十二个碳原子(即,C1-12烷基)或指定碳原子数的直链或支链脂族烃(即,一个C1烷基、如甲基,一个C2烷基、如乙基,一个C3烷基、如丙基或异丙基等)。在一个实施方式中,烷基基团选自直链C1-10烷基基团。在另一实施方式中,烷基基团选自支链C3-10烷基基团。在另一实施方式中,烷基基团选自直链C1-6烷基基团。在另一实施方式中,烷基基团选自支链C3-6烷基基团。在另一实施方式中,烷基基团选自直链C1-4烷基基团。在另一实施方式中,烷基基团选自支链C3-4烷基基团。在另一实施方式中,烷基基团选自直链或支链C3-4烷基基团。非限制性示例性的C1-10烷基基团包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、3-戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基等。非限制性示例性的C1-4烷基基团包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基和异丁基。
为了本公开的目的,术语"取代的烷基"本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时意指一个、两个或三个取代基取代的如上定义的烷基,所述取代基独立地选自硝基、卤代烷氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、烷硫基、磺酰胺基、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、羧基、羧基烷基、环烷基等。在一个实施方式中,被任选取代的烷基被两个取代基所取代。在另一个实施方式中,被任选取代的烷基被一个取代基所取代。非限制性示例性的被任选取代的烷基基团包括-CH2CH2NO2、-CH2SO2CH3CH2CH2CO2H、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2CH2COPh、和-CH2C6H11。
为了本公开的目的,术语“环烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指含有一个至三个具有三至十四个碳原子(即,C3-14环烷基)或指定碳原子数的环的饱和和部分不饱和的(包含一个或两个双键的)环状脂族烃。在一个实施方式中,环烷基基团具有两个环。在一个实施方式中,环烷基基团具有一个环。在另一实施方式中,环烷基基团选自C3-8环烷基基团。在另一实施方式中,环烷基基团选自C3-6环烷基基团。非限制性示例性的环烷基基团包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、降冰片基、萘烷、金刚烷基、环己烯基和环戊烯基、环己烯基。环烷基基团的一个实例包括:
为了本公开的目的,术语“取代的环烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时意指被一个、两个或三个取代基所取代的如上所述的环烷基,所述取代基独立地选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、烷硫基、羧酰胺基、磺酰胺基、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、羧基、羧基烷基、烷基、被任选取代的环烷基、烯基、炔基、被任选取代的芳基、被任选取代的杂芳基、被任选取代的杂环、烷氧基烷基、(氨基)烷基、(羧酰胺基)烷基、巯基烷基和(杂环)烷基。在一个实施方式中,被任选取代的环烷基被两个取代基所取代。在另一个实施方式中,被任选取代的环烷基被一个取代基所取代。
为了本公开的目的,术语“烯基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指包含一个、两个、或三个碳碳双键的如上所述的烷基基团。在一个实施方式中,烯基基团选自C2-6烯基基团。在另一实施方式中,烯基基团选自C2-4烯基基团。非限制性示例性的烯基基团包括乙烯基、丙烯基、异丙烯基、丁烯基、仲丁烯基、戊烯基和己烯基。
为了本公开的目的,术语"取代的烯基"本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时意指一个、两个或三个取代基取代的如上定义的烯基,所述取代基独立地选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、烷硫基、羧酰胺基、磺酰胺基、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、羧基、羧基烷基、烷基、环烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环。
为了本公开的目的,术语“炔基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指包含一至三个碳碳三键的如上所述的烷基基团。在一个实施方式中,炔基具有碳碳三键。在一个实施方式中,炔基基团选自C2-6炔基基团。在另一实施方式中,炔基基团选自C2-4炔基基团。非限制性示例性的炔基基团包括乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、2-丁炔基、戊炔基和己炔基。
为了本公开的目的,术语"取代的炔基"本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时意指一个、两个或三个取代基取代的如上定义的炔基,所述取代基独立地选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、烷硫基、羧酰胺基、磺酰胺基、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、羧基、羧基烷基、烷基、环烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环。
为了本公开的目的,术语“卤代烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被一个或多个氟、氯、溴和/或碘原子取代的烷基基团。在一个实施方式中,烷基基团被一个、两个或三个氟和/或氯原子所取代。在另一实施方式中,卤代烷基基团选自C1-4卤代烷基基团。非限制性示例性的卤代烷基基团包括氟甲基、2-氟乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、1,1-二氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、4,4,4-三氟丁基和三氯甲基基团。
为了本公开的目的,术语“羟烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被一个或多个、例如一个、两个或三个羟基基团取代的烷基基团。在一个实施方式中,羟烷基基团为单羟基烷基基团,即用一个羟基基团取代。在另一个实施方式中,羟烷基基团为二羟基烷基基团,即用两个羟基基团取代,例如,
在另一实施方式中,羟烷基基团选自C1-4羟烷基基团。非限制性示例性的羟烷基基团包括羟甲基、羟乙基、羟丙基和羟丁基,如1-羟乙基、2-羟乙基、1,2-二羟乙基、2-羟丙基、3-羟丙基、3-羟丁基、4-羟丁基、2-羟基-1-甲基丙基和1,3-二羟丙-2-基。
为了本公开的目的,术语“烃氧基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指连接到末端氧原子的任选取代的烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的烯基或任选取代的炔基。在一个实施方式中,烃氧基基团选自C1-4烃氧基基团。在另一实施方式中,烃氧基基团选自连接到末端氧原子的C1-4烷基,例如,甲氧基、乙氧基、和叔丁氧基。
为了本公开的目的,术语“烷硫基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被任选取代的烷基基团取代的硫原子。在一个实施方式中,烷硫基基团选自C1-4烷硫基基团。非限制性示例性的烷硫基基团包括-SCH3、和-SCH2CH3。
为了本公开的目的,术语“烃氧基烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被烃氧基基团取代的烷基基团。非限制性示例性的烃氧基烷基基团包括甲氧基甲基、甲氧基乙基、甲氧基丙基、甲氧基丁基、乙氧基甲基、乙氧基乙基、乙氧基丙基、乙氧基丁基、丙氧基甲基、异丙氧基甲基、丙氧基乙基、丙氧基丙基、丁氧基甲基、叔丁氧基甲基、异丁氧基甲基、仲丁氧基甲基和戊氧基甲基。
为了本公开的目的,术语“卤代烷氧基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指连接到末端氧原子的卤代烷基。非限制性示例性的卤代烷氧基基团包括氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基和2,2,2-三氟乙氧基。
为了本公开的目的,术语“芳基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指具有六到十四个碳原子的单环或二环芳香环系统(即,C6-C14芳基)。非限制性示例性的芳基基团包括苯基(缩写为“Ph”)、萘基、菲基、蒽基、茚基、薁基、联苯、伸联苯基和芴基。在一个实施方式中,芳基基团选自苯基和萘基。
为了本公开的目的,术语“任选取代的芳基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分用于本文时意指未取代或被一至五个取代基所取代的如上定义的芳基,所述取代基独立地选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、烷硫基、羧酰胺基、磺酰胺基、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、羧基、羧基烷基、烷基、被任选取代的环烷基、烯基、炔基、被任选取代的芳基、被任选取代的杂芳基、被任选取代的杂环、烷氧基烷基、(氨基)烷基、(羧酰胺基)烷基、巯基烷基或(杂环)烷基。
在一个实施方式中,任选取代的芳基是任选取代的苯基。在一个实施方式中,任选取代的苯基具有四个取代基。在另一实施方式中,任选取代的苯基具有三个取代基。在另一实施方式中,任选取代的苯基具有两个取代基。在另一实施方式中,任选取代的苯基具有一个取代基。非限制性示例性的被取代的芳基基团包括2-甲基苯基、2-甲氧基苯基、2-氟苯基、2-氯苯基、2-溴苯基、3-甲基苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、3-氟苯基、3-氯苯基、4-甲基苯基、4-乙基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-氟苯基、4-氯苯基、2,6-二-氟苯基、2,6-二-氯苯基、2-甲基、3-甲氧基苯基、2-乙基、3-甲氧基苯基、3,4-二-甲氧基苯基、3,5-二-氟苯基3,5-二-甲基苯基、3,5-二甲氧基、4-甲基苯基、2-氟-3-氯苯基、和3-氯-4-氟苯基。术语任选取代的芳基是指包括具有稠合的任选取代的环烷基和稠合的任选取代的杂环的基团。非限制性例子包括:
为了本公开的目的,术语“芳氧基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指连接到末端氧原子的任选取代的芳基。非限制性示例性的芳氧基基团是PhO-。
为了本公开的目的,术语“芳烷氧基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指连接到末端氧原子的芳烷基基团。非限制性示例性的芳烷氧基基团是PhCH2O-。
为了本公开的目的,术语“杂烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指含有1至10个碳原子和至少两个杂原子的稳定的直链或支链烃基,所示杂原子可相同或不同,选自O、N、或S,其中:1)氮原子和硫原子可任选地被氧化;和/或2)氮原子可任选地被季铵化。杂原子可被置于在杂烷基基团的任何内部位置,也可被置于杂烷基基团与分子其余部分相连的位置。在一个实施方式中,杂烷基基团包含两个氧原子。在一个实施方式中,杂烷基包含一个氧原子和一个氮原子。在一个实施方式中,杂烷基包含两个氮原子。非限制性示例性的杂烷基基团包含-CH2OCH-2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2NHCH2CH2OCH2、-OCH2CH2NH2、-NHCH2CH2N(H)CH3、-NHCH2CH2OCH3和-OCH2CH2OCH3。
为了本公开的目的,术语“杂芳基”或“杂芳族的”是指具有5至14个环原子(即,C5-C14杂芳基)的单环和二环芳香环系统,其中一个环的至少一个碳原子独立地被选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子取代。在一个实施方式中,杂芳基包含独立地选自氧、氮和硫的1、2、3、或4个杂原子。在一个实施方式中,杂芳基具有三个杂原子。在另一个实施方式中,杂芳基具有两个杂原子。在另一个实施方式中,杂芳基具有一个杂原子。非限制性示例性的杂芳基基团包括噻吩基,苯并[b]噻吩基,萘并[2,3-b]噻吩基,噻蒽基,呋喃基,苯并呋喃基,吡喃基,异苯并呋喃基,苯并噁唑酮基(benzooxazonyl),色烯基、吨基、2H-吡咯基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、异吡咯基、3H-吲哚基、吲哚基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、酞嗪基、萘啶基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、蝶啶基、4aH-咔唑基、咔唑基、β-咔啉基、菲啶基、吖啶基、嘧啶基、菲咯啉基、吩嗪基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、苯酚并噻唑基(phenothiazolyl)、异噁唑基、呋咱基和吩噁嗪基。在一个实施方式中,杂芳基选自噻吩基(例如噻吩-2-基和噻吩-3-基)、呋喃基(例如2-呋喃基和3-呋喃基)、吡咯基(例如1H-吡咯-2-基和1H-吡咯-3-基)、咪唑基(例如2H-咪唑-2-基和2H-咪唑-4-基)、吡唑基(例如1H-吡唑-3-基、1H-吡唑-4-基和1H-吡唑-5-基)、吡啶基(例如吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基和吡啶-4-基)、嘧啶基(例如嘧啶2-基、嘧啶4-基和嘧啶5-基)、噻唑基(例如噻唑-2-基、噻唑-4-基和噻唑-5-基)、异噻唑基(例如异噻唑-3-基、异噻唑-4-基和异噻唑-5-基)、噁唑基(例如噁唑-2-基、噁唑-4-基和噁唑-5-基)、异噁唑基(例如异噁唑-3-基、异噁唑-4-基和异噁唑-5-基)、和吲唑基(例如1H-吲唑-3-基)。术语“杂芳基”还包括可能的N-氧化物。非限制性示例性的N-氧化物是吡啶基N-氧化物。
在一个实施方式中,所述杂芳基是5-或6-元杂芳基。在一个实施方案中,所述杂芳基是5-元杂芳基,即杂芳基是单环芳族环系,其具有5个环原子,其中环的至少一个碳原子被独立地选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子替代。非限制性示例性的5-元杂芳基包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、噁唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基、异噻唑基和异噁唑基。
在另一个实施方式中,所述杂芳基是6-元杂芳基,例如杂芳基是单环芳族环系,其具有6个环原子,其中环的至少一个碳原子被氮原子替代。非限制性示例性的6-元杂芳基包括吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基和哒嗪基。
为了本公开的目的,术语“任选取代的杂芳基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指上文所定义的杂芳基是未被取代的或者被1-4个取代基、例如1或2个取代基取代,所述取代基独立地选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、卤代烷基、羟基烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、芳基氧基、芳烷基氧基、烷基硫基、酰氨基、甲酰胺基、磺酰胺基、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、羧基、羧基烷基、烷基、任选被取代的环烷基、烯基、炔基、任选被取代的芳基、任选被取代的杂芳基、任选被取代的杂环基、烷氧基烷基、(氨基)烷基、(甲酰胺基)烷基、巯基烷基和(杂环基)烷基。在一个实施方式中,任选取代的杂芳基具有一个取代基。任意可利用的碳或氮原子可以被取代。
术语任选取代的杂芳基也指包括具有稠合的任选取代的环烷基和稠合的任选取代的杂环的基团。非限制性例子包括:
为了本公开的目的,术语“杂环”或“杂环基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指饱和和部分不饱和的(例如,包含一个或两个双键)环基团,其包含一个、两个或三个具有三至十四个环成员的环(即,3-至14-元杂环基),其中一个环的至少一个碳原子被杂原子替代。每个杂原子独立地选自氧、硫(包括亚砜和砜)、和/或氮原子,其可以被氧化或季铵化。术语“杂环基”意指包括其中环-CH2-被-C(=O)-替代的基团,例如环状脲基如2-咪唑烷酮,以及环状酰胺基团如β-内酰胺、γ-内酰胺、δ-内酰胺、ε-内酰胺和哌嗪-2-酮。术语“杂环基”还包括具有稠合任选取代的芳基的基团,例如吲哚啉基、色满-4-基。在一个实施方式中,杂环基是选自包含一个环和一个或两个氧原子和/或氮原子的5-或6-元的环基团。杂环基可以任选地通过任意可利用的碳原子或氮原子与分子的其余部分连接。非限制性示例性的杂环基包括二噁烷基、四氢吡喃基、2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基、哌嗪-2-酮、哌嗪-2,6-二酮、2-咪唑烷二酮、哌啶基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、吡咯烷基和吲哚啉基。
为了本公开的目的,术语“任选取代的杂环基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分用于本文时意指未取代或被一至四个取代基所取代的如上定义的杂环基,所述取代基独立地选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、烷硫基、甲酰胺基、磺酰胺基、烷基羰基、烷氧基羰基、CF3C(=O)-、芳基羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、羧基、羧基烷基、烷基、被任选取代的环烷基、烯基、炔基、被任选取代的芳基、被任选取代的杂芳基、被任选取代的杂环、烷氧基烷基、(氨基)烷基、(甲酰胺基)烷基、巯基烷基和(杂环)烷基。取代可以发生在任意可利用的碳原子或氮原子或这二者上。非限制性示例性的任选取代的杂环基基团包括:
为了本公开的目的,术语“氨基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指–NR12R13,其中R12和R13分别独立地为氢、烷基、羟烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的杂环基、或任选取代的杂芳基,或者R11和R12一起形成3-至8-元的任选取代的杂环基。非限制性示例性的氨基基团包括-NH2和-N(H)(CH3)。
为了本公开的目的,术语“(氨基)烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被氨基基团取代的烷基基团。非限制性示例性的氨基烷基基团包括-CH2CH2NH2、和-CH2CH2N(H)CH3、-CH2CH2N(CH3)2、和-CH2N(H)环丙基。
为了本公开的目的,术语“甲酰胺基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指式-C(=O)NR14R15的自由基,其中R14和R15分别独立地为氢、任选取代的烷基、羟烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的杂环基、或任选取代的杂芳基,或者R14和R15与它们所连接的氮一起形成3-至8-元的任选取代的杂环基基团。在一个实施方式中,R14和R15分别独立地为氢或任选取代的烷基。在一个实施方式中,R14和R15与它们所连接的氮一起形成3-至8-元的任选取代的杂环基基团。非限制性示例性的甲酰胺基基团包括但不限于-CONH2、-CON(H)CH3、-CON(CH3)2、-CON(H)Ph,
为了本公开的目的,术语“磺酰胺基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指式-SO2NR16R17的自由基,其中R16和R17分别独立地为氢、任选取代的烷基、或任选取代的芳基,或者R16和R17与它们所连接的氮一起形成3-至8-元的杂环基基团。非限制性示例性的磺酰胺基基团包括-SO2NH2、-SO2N(H)CH3、和-SO2N(H)Ph。
为了本公开的目的,术语“烷基羰基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被烷基基团取代的羰基基团(即-C(=O)-)。非限制性示例性的烷基羰基基团是-COCH3。
为了本公开的目的,术语“芳基羰基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被任选取代的芳基基团取代的羰基基团(即-C(=O)-)。非限制性示例性的芳基羰基基团是-COPh。
为了本公开的目的,术语“烃氧基羰基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被烃氧基基团取代的羰基基团(即-C(=O)-)。非限制性示例性的烃氧基羰基基团包括-C(=O)OMe、-C(=O)OEt、和-C(=O)OtBu。
为了本公开的目的,术语“烷基磺酰基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被以上所述的任意任选取代的烷基基团所取代的磺酰基基团(即-SO2-)。非限制性示例性的烷基磺酰基基团是-SO2CH3。
为了本公开的目的,术语“芳基磺酰基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被以上所述的任意任选取代的芳基基团所取代的磺酰基基团(即-SO2-)。非限制性示例性的芳基磺酰基基团是-SO2Ph。
为了本公开的目的,术语“巯基烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被–SH基团所取代的任意的如上所述的烷基基团。
为了本公开的目的,术语“羧基”身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指式-COOH的自由基。
为了本公开的目的,术语“羧基烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被-COOH基团所取代的任意的如上所述的烷基基团。非限制性示例性的羧基烷基基团是-CH2CO2H。
为了本公开的目的,术语“芳烷基”或“芳基烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被一个、两个或三个任选取代的芳基基团所取代的烷基基团。在一个实施方式中,任选取代的芳烷基基团是被一个任选取代的芳基基团取代的C1-4烷基。在一个实施方式中,任选取代的芳烷基基团是被一个任选取代的芳基基团取代的C1或C2烷基。在一个实施方式中,任选取代的芳烷基基团是被一个任选取代的苯基基团取代的C1或C2烷基。非限制性示例性的任选取代的芳烷基基团包括苄基、苯乙基、-CHPh2、-CH2(4-F-Ph)、-CH-2(4-Me-Ph)、-CH2(4-CF3-Ph)、和-CH(4-F-Ph)2。
为了本公开的目的,术语“(杂环基)烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被任选取代的杂环基基团所取代的烷基基团。在一个实施方式中,(杂环基)烷基是被一个任选取代的杂环基基团取代的C1-4烷基。非限制性示例性的(杂环基)烷基基团包括:
为了本公开的目的,术语“(甲酰胺基)烷基”本身或作为另一基团的一部分使用时是指被一个或两个甲酰胺基基团取代的烷基基团。在一个实施方式中,(甲酰胺基)烷基是被一个任选取代的甲酰胺基基团取代的C1-4烷基。在令一个实施方式中,(甲酰胺基)烷基是被两个任选取代的甲酰胺基基团取代的C1-4烷基。非限制性示例性的(甲酰胺基)烷基基团包括-CH2CONH2、-C(H)CH3-CONH2、-CH2CON(H)CH3、和-CH(CO2NH2)CH-2CH2CO2NH2。
在整个说明书和权利要求书中,给定的化学式或名称应涵盖所有互变异构体、同类物、旋光和立体异构体、以及存在此类异构体和混合物的外消旋混合物。
本公开的某些化合物可具有不对称碳原子(光学或手性中心)或双键;对映体,外消旋体,非对映异构体,互变异构体,几何异构体,就绝对立体化学而言可以定义为氨基酸的(R)-或(S)-或定义为D-或L-的立体异构体形式,以及单独的异构体都包括在本公开的范围内。本公开的化合物不包括本领域已知的太不稳定以至于不能合成和/或分离的化合物。本发明意在包括外消旋、非外消旋(scalemic)和光学纯形式的化合物。光学活性的(R)-和(S)-或者D-和L-异构体可使用手性合成子或手性试剂制备,或使用常规技术解析。当本文所述的化合物包含烯键或其它几何不对称中心时,除非另有说明,其意在表示该化合物包括E和Z几何异构体。
除非另有说明,否则本文描述的结构还意指包括该结构的所有立体化学形式;即,每个不对称中心的R和S配置。因此,本发明化合物的单一立体化学异构体以及对映异构体和非对映异构体混合物均在本公开的范围内。
对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,本公开的某些化合物可以互变异构形式存在,化合物的所有此类互变异构形式都在本公开的范围内。如本文所用,术语“互变异构体”是指两种或更多种结构异构体中的一种,其以平衡存在并且易于从一种异构形式转化为另一种异构形式。
除非另有说明,否则本文描述的结构还意指包括仅在一个或多个同位素富集的原子存在下不同的化合物。例如,具有本结构的化合物(其中氢被氘或氚替代,或碳被富13C或14C替代)在本公开的范围内。
本公开所述的化合物在组成该化合物的一个或多个原子上也可含有非天然比例的原子同位素。例如,化合物可以用放射性同位素(例如氚(3H),碘-125(125I)或碳-14(14C))进行放射性标记。无论是否有具有放射性,本公开所述的化合物的所有同位素变体均包括在本公开的范围内。
本公开的化合物可以盐形式存在。本公开内容包括这样的盐。适用的盐形式的实例包括盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、甲磺酸盐、硝酸盐、马来酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、酒石酸盐(例如(+)-酒石酸盐、(-)-酒石酸盐或其混合物、包括外消旋混合物)、琥珀酸酯、苯甲酸酯以及与氨基酸(如谷氨酸)的盐。这些盐可由本领域技术人员已知的方法制备。还包括碱加成盐,如钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、铵盐、有机氨基盐或镁盐,或类似盐。当本公开所述的化合物含有相对碱性的官能团时,可通过将这种化合物的中性形式接触足量的所需酸(纯的或在合适的惰性溶剂中或通过离子交换)获得酸加成盐。可接受的酸加成盐的示例包括:衍生自无机酸的盐,所述无机酸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、碳酸、一氢碳酸、磷酸、一氢磷酸、二氢磷酸、硫酸、一氢硫酸、氢碘酸或亚磷酸等,以及衍生自有机酸的盐,所述有机酸如乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、马来酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、富马酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲基苯磺酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸等。还包括如精氨酸等的氨基酸的盐,和如葡萄糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸等的有机酸的盐。本发明的某些特定化合物含有允许该化合物转化为碱或酸加成盐的碱性和酸性官能团。
所述化合物的中性形式可通过使盐与碱或酸接触并以传统方式将母体化合物分离进行再生。该化合物的母体形式在某些物理性质如极性溶剂中的溶解度上不同于各种盐形式。
本公开的某些化合物可以非溶剂化形式以及溶剂化形式(包括水合形式)存在。通常,溶剂化形式等同于非溶剂化形式,涵盖在本公开范围内。本公开的某些化合物可以多晶或无定形形式存在。通常,在公开明所考虑的应用中所有物理形式是等同的,并且旨在于在本公开的范围内。
术语“一个”、“一种”和“所述”用于本申请(包括权利要求)时指“一个或多个/一种或多种”。因此,例如,除非上下文明显相反,否则提及“一个主题”包括多个主题(例如,多个主题),依此类推。
在本说明书和权利要求书中的术语“包括”、“包含”和“含有”以非排他性方式使用,除非上下文中有相反要求。类似地,术语“包括”及其语法上的变体不是为了起限制作用,因此,对列表中的项目的引述并不排除可以替换到或者添加到所列项目中的其他类似项目。
出于本说明书和所附权利要求的目的,除非另有说明,否则在说明书和权利要求中使用的表示数量、大小、尺寸、比例、形状、配方、参数、百分比、数量、特性和其他数值的所有数字均为应理解为在所有情况下都被术语“约”修饰,即使术语“约”可能没有明确地与该值、数量或范围一起出现。因此,除非有相反的说明,否则以下说明书和所附权利要求书中提出的数字参数不是并且也不必是精确的,而是可以根据需要是近似的和/或更大或更小的,反映出公差、转换因子、四舍五入、测量误差等、以及本领域技术人员已知的其他因素,这取决于希望通过当前公开的主题获得的期望特性。例如,术语“约”在指代值时可以表示包含±10%的变化。在一些实施方式中约涵盖±5%,在一些实施方式中为1%,在一些实施方式中为±0.5%,并且在一些实施方式中为±0.1%,因为这样的变化适合于执行所公开的方法或采用所公开的组合物。
此外,术语“约”在与一个或多个数字或数字范围结合使用时,应该理解为是指所有这样的数字,包括一个范围内的所有数字,并且通过在所阐述的数值之上和之下延伸边界来修改该范围。通过端点引用数字范围包括该范围内包含的所有数字,例如,所有的整数,以及该范围内的所有分数(例如1-5包括1、2、3、4、5及其分数,例如1.5、2.25、3.75、4.1等)以及该范围内的任意范围。
实施例
包括以下实施例以向本领域技术人员提供指导,用于实践本公开的代表性实施方式。鉴于本公开和本领域普通技术水平,本领域技术人员可以理解,以下实施例仅是示例性的,并且在不脱离本公开主题的范围的情况下可以采用多种改变、修改和变更。以下的合成描述和具体实施例仅旨在说明的目的,而不应被解释为以任何方式限制通过其他方法制备本公开的化合物。
实施例
实施例1 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物1)。
将Boc-L-Lys(Ac)-OH(446mg,1.55mmol,1.1当量)和HBTU(641mg,1.69mmol,1.2当量)悬浮在无水DCM(8mL)中,并将悬浮液冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(546mg,735μL,4.22mmol,3当量)。将反应混合物搅拌5分钟,然后用注射器用5分钟加入DONiPr(300mg,1.41mmol,1当量)的无水DCM(2mL)溶液。在惰性气氛下,将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌0.5小时,并在室温下搅拌1小时。再加入DCM(30mL),用H2O(2×50mL)、盐水(50mL)洗涤溶液,并用MgSO4干燥。真空蒸发有机溶剂。残余物在硅胶上色谱分离(DCM/MeOH,25∶1),得到所需产物1(535mg,79%),为浅黄色无定形固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.22(3H,d,J=6.3),1.24(3H,d,J=6.3),1.36–1.44(2H,m),1.42(9H,s),1.46–1.56(2H,m),1.59–1.71(1H,m),1.73–1.87(1H,m),1.95(3H,s),1.97–2.04(1H,m),2.12–2.24(1H,m),2.34–2.47(2H,m),3.22(2H,dq,J=6.5,3.4),4.09(1H,q,J=7.0),4.36–4.55(1H,m),5.00(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.26(1H,d,J=7.3),5.34(1H,s),6.05(1H,bs),7.12(1H,d,J=7.0).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):21.82,21.82,22.41,23.32,26.90,28.43(3C),28.87,32.22,36.56,38.94,52.18,54.24,55.11,69.53,80.00,155.79,170.42,171.26,172.29,194.08.
IR(CHCl3):3431,3325,3116,2984,2937,2867,2110,1728,1708,1668,1635,1518,1499,1468,1387,1394,1376,1369,1241,1147,1166,1105cm-1.
旋光度:[α]22 D-22.6°(c 0.212,CH3OH).
ESI MS:506([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C22H37O7N5Na计算值506.25852;实测值506.25866。
实施例2 2-(2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-6-乙酰胺己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物2)。
将Fmoc-L-Lys(Ac)-OH(6.35g,15.5mmol,1.1当量)和HBTU(6.41g,16.9mmol,1.2当量)悬浮在无水DCM(80mL)中,并将悬浮液冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(5.46g,7.35mL,42.2mmol,3当量)。将反应混合物搅拌5分钟,然后用注射器用10分钟加入DONiPr(3.00g,14.1mmol,1当量)的无水DCM(20mL)溶液。在惰性气氛下,将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌0.5小时,并在室温下搅拌1小时。加入DCM(30mL),用H2O(2×50mL)、盐水(50mL)洗涤溶液,并用MgSO4干燥。真空蒸发有机溶剂。残余物在硅胶上色谱分离(CHCl3/MeOH,30∶1),得到所需产物2(5.72g,67%),为浅黄色无定形固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO):1.15(3H,d,J=4.2),1.17(3H,d,J=4.2),1.21–1.44(4H,m),1.47–1.67(2H,m),1.77(3H,s),1.77–1.85(1H,m),1.89–2.03(1H,m),2.31–2.43(2H,m),2.94–3.06(2H,m),3.90–4.09(1H,m),4.10–4.35(4H,m),4.87(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),6.01(1H,bs),7.32(2H,t,J=7.4),7.42(2H,t,J=7.1),7.47(1H,d,J=8.1),7.73(2H,dd,J=8.8,1.6),7.79(1H,t,J=5.4),7.89(2H,d,J=7.5),8.26(1H,d,J=7.5).
13C NMR(101MHz,d6-DMSO):21.46,21.50,22.64,22.99,25.87,28.93,31.60,36.20,38.41,46.67,51.48,54.32,54.92,65.62,67.98,120.12,125.34,127.06,127.65,140.71,140.72,143.80,143.91,155.95,168.93,171.07,172.34,194.06.
IR(CHCl3):3450,3420,3318,3270,3117,3069,2986,2939,2865,2110,1727,1668,1638,1579,1504,1479,1465,1451,1386,1377,1233,1184,1146,1105,1033,622,426cm-1.
旋光度:[α]22 D-18.9°(c 0.111,CH3OH).
ESI MS:628([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C32H39O7N5Na计算值628.27417;实测值628.27430。
实施例3 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-氨基己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物3)。
将化合物2(5.00g,8.26mmol,1当量)溶于无水DCM(150ml)中,并加入二乙胺(3.51g,4.97mL,41.3mmol,5当量)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜(20小时)。蒸发溶剂,并将粗产物在硅胶上纯化,得到2.91g(92%)的黄色固体化合物3。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.20(3H,d,J=6.0),1.21(3H,d,J=6.0),1.33–1.53(4H,m),1.56–1.68(1H,m),1.72–1.84(1H,m),1.92(3H,s),1.91–2.02(1H,m),2.09–2.21(1H,m),2.28–2.48(2H,m),3.10–3.25(2H,m),3.43–3.73(3H,m),4.43(1H,td,J=8.1,4.7),4.97(1H,七重峰,J=6.0),5.46(1H,bs),6.51(1H,bs),8.05(1H,d,J=7.7).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):21.76,22.57,23.22,27.29,29.06,29.71,33.92,36.70,39.06,51.84,54.53,55.13,69.40,170.66,171.24,174.15,194.15.
IR(KBr):3432,2110,1731,1635,1615,1547,1453,1377,1217,1106cm-1.
旋光度:[α]22 D-8.8°(c 0.283,DMF).
ESI MS:406([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C17H29O5N5Na计算值406.20609;实测值406.20612。
实施例4 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-棕榈酰氨基己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代-己酸异丙酯(化合物4)。
将棕榈酸(184mg,0.717mmol,1.1当量)和HATU(298mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)悬浮在无水DCM(10mL)中,并将悬浮液冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(253mg,341μL,1.96mmol,3当量)。将反应混合物搅拌5分钟,然后用注射器用5分钟加入3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)的无水DCM(5mL)溶液。在惰性气氛下,将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟,并在室温下搅拌45分钟。加入DCM(30mL),用H2O(2×50mL)、盐水(50mL)洗涤溶液,并用MgSO4干燥。真空蒸发有机溶剂。残余物在硅胶上色谱分离(CHCl3/MeOH,20∶1),得到所需产物4(255mg,63%),为黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.86(3H,d,J=6.8),1.18–1.32(30H,m),1.34–1.44(2H,m),1.47–1.64(4H,m),1.65–1.74(1H,m),1.77–1.88(1H,m),1.96(3H,s),1.97–2.05(1H,m),2.13–2.24(3H,m),2.33–2.48(2H,m),3.23(2H,q,J=6.3),4.48(2H,m),5.00(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.35(1H,bs),6.14(1H,t,J=5.8),6.45(1H,d,J=7.5),7.35(1H,d,J=6.4).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):14.24,21.83,21.85,22.11,22.80,23.31,25.86,26.59,28.76,29.47(2C),29.49,29.64,29.77(2C),29.78,29.81(3C),32.03,32.07,36.53,36.71,38.75,52.35,52.70,55.18,69.52,170.58,171.23,172.08,173.58,194.13.
IR(CHCl3):3447,3417,3314,2928,2871,2855,2110,1731,1659,1525,1507,1467,1456,1385,1377,1367,1236,1105cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-6.0°(c 0.380,CHCl3).
ESI MS:644([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C33H59O6N5Na计算值644.43576;实测值644.43572。
实施例5 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(4-苯基丁-3-烯酰胺)己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物5)。
将反式肉桂酸(106mg,0.717mmol,1.1当量)和HATU(298mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)悬浮在无水DCM(10mL)中,并将悬浮液冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(253mg,341μL,1.96mmol,3当量)。将反应混合物搅拌5分钟,然后用注射器用5分钟加入3(250mg,0.652mmol)的无水DCM(5mL)溶液。在惰性气氛下,将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟,并在室温下搅拌45分钟。加入DCM(30mL),用H2O(2×50mL)、盐水(50mL)洗涤溶液,并用MgSO4干燥。蒸发DCM,并将残余物在硅胶上色谱分离(CHCl3/MeOH,20∶1),得到化合物5(271mg,81%),为浅黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.21(3H,d,J=6.4),1.23(3H,d,J=6.4),1.38–1.59(4H,m),1.72–1.83(1H,m),1.84–1.93(1H,m),1.94(3H,s),1.94–2.05(1H,m),2.15–2.25(1H,m),2.32–2.46(2H,m),3.14–3.29(2H,m),4.45(1H,dq,J=8.3,4.7),4.68(1H,q,J=7.5),5.00(1H,七重峰,J=6.4),5.33(1H,bs),6.40(1H,t,J=5.4),6.59(1H,d,J=15.7),7.23(1H,d,J=7.7),7.28–7.34(3H,m),7.43–7.49(2H,m),7.61(1H,d,J=15.7),7.71(1H,d,J=7.1).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):21.80,21.81,22.30,23.28,26.68,28.89,32.11,36.51,38.80,52.29,53.09,55.06,69.44,120.56,127.92(2C),128.93(2C),129.92,134.73,141.50,166.25,170.67,171.22,172.24,193.97.
IR(CHCl3):3447,3412,3304,3027,2110,1731,1660,1629,1600,1579,1528,1507,1494,1450,1387,1376,1370,1233,1105,1082,1029,988,977,907,712,561cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-5.3°(c 0.285,CHCl3).
ESI MS:536([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C26H35O6N5Na计算值536.24795;实测值536.24797。
实施例6 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-辛酰胺己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物6)。
将辛酸(103mg,0.717mmol,1.1当量)和HATU(298mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)悬浮在无水DCM(10mL)中,并将悬浮液冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(253mg,341μL,1.96mmol,3当量)。将反应混合物搅拌5分钟,然后用注射器用2分钟加入3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)的无水DCM(5mL)溶液。在惰性气氛下,将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟,并在室温下搅拌45分钟。加入DCM(30mL),用H2O(2×50mL)、盐水(50mL)洗涤溶液,并用MgSO4干燥。蒸发DCM,并将残余物在硅胶上色谱分离(CHCl3/MeOH,20∶1),得到所需的产物6(216mg,65%),为浅黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.87(3H,t,J=7.0),1.24(3H,d,J=6.3),1.27(3H,d,J=6.3),1.26–1.32(6H,m),1.35–1.45(2H,m),1.49–1.60(2H,m),1.60–1.75(5H,m),1.80–1.91(1H,m),1.97(3H,s),1.99–2.07(1H,m),2.15–2.21(1H,m),2.22(2H,t,J=6.9),2.37–2.49(2H,m),3.25(2H,q,J=6.2),4.44(2H,m),5.03(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.34(1H,bs),5.97(1H,t,J=6.3),6.31(1H,d,J=7.7),7.17(1H,d,J=5.5).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):14.12,21.78(2C),22.13,22.65,23.21,25.81,26.58,28.74,29.07,29.33,29.74,31.74,32.08,36.60,38.75,52.27,52.67,55.08,69.40,170.56,171.19,172.15,173.56,194.04.
IR(CHCl3):3449,3417,3313,2931,2858,2827,2110,1731,1659,1524,1508,1387,1377,1370,1235,1106cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-4.8°(c 0.227,CHCl3).
ESI MS:532([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C25H43O6N5Na计算值532.31056;实测值532.31063。
实施例7 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-金刚烷-1-甲酰氨基)己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物7)。
将金刚烷羧酸(129mg,0.717mmol,1.1当量)和HATU(298mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)悬浮在无水DCM(10mL)中,并将悬浮液冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(253mg,341μL,1.96mmol,3当量)。将反应混合物搅拌5分钟,然后用注射器用2分钟加入3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)的无水DCM(5mL)溶液。在惰性气氛下,将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟,并在室温下搅拌45分钟。加入DCM(30mL),用H2O(2×50mL)、盐水(50mL)洗涤溶液,并用MgSO4干燥。真空蒸发DCM。残余物在硅胶上色谱分离(CHCl3/MeOH,20∶1),得到所需产物7(292mg,82%),为淡黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.24(3H,d,J=6.3),1.27(3H,d,J=6.3),1.33–1.44(2H,m),1.49–1.61(2H,m),1.64–1.79(7H,m),1.82–1.89(7H,m),1.97(3H,s),1.99–2.07(4H,m),2.13–2.25(1H,m),2.33–2.48(2H,m),3.15–3.34(2H,m),4.37–4.49(2H,m),5.02(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.33(1H,bs),6.04(1H,bs),6.36(1H,d,J=6.8),7.18(1H,bs).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):21.72,21.74,22.05,23.13,26.47,28.04(3C),28.57,32.34,36.42(3C),36.58,38.82,39.16(3C),40.64,52.15,52.24,54.99,69.30,170.44,171.15,172.21,178.14,193.94.
IR(CHCl3):3448,3419,3316,2931,2912,2853,2110,1731,1658,1640,1541,1518,1504,1453,1387,1377,1370,1347,1319,1236,1105,976cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-4.1°(c 0.220,CHCl3).
ESI MS:568([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C28H43O6N5Na计算值568.31056;实测值568.31055。
实施例8 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(((苄氧基)羰基)氨基)己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物8)。
将化合物3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)溶解在无水DCM(10mL)中,并将反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入TEA(82mg,114μL,0.815mmol,1.25当量),然后加入无水DCM(2mL)中的碳酰氯苄酯(benzyl carbonochloridate)溶液(133mg,112μL,0.782mmol,1.2当量)。将所得混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟,并在室温下搅拌45分钟。蒸发DCM,并将残余物通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 10∶1)纯化,得到化合物8(203mg,60%),为浅黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.24(3H,d,J=6.2),1.26(3H,d,J=6.2),1.37–1.59(3H,m),1.63–1.74(1H,m),1.74–1.90(2H,m),1.94(3H,s),1.94–2.06(1H,m),2.11–2.26(1H,m),2.29–2.50(2H,m),3.16–3.32(2H,m),4.19(1H,q,J=7.0),4.45(1H,td,J=8.1,4.5),5.02(1H,七重峰,J=6.2),5.10(2H,bs),5.26(1H,bs),5.56(1H,d,J=7.7),5.91(1H,bs),7.11(1H,bs),7.27–7.41(5H,m).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):21.80,21.81,22.20,23.27,26.67,28.79,29.78,32.30,36.50,38.87,52.27,54.59,55.18,66.97,69.53,128.01(2C),128.24,128.61(2C),136.40,170.48,171.23,171.96,194.16.
IR(CHCl3):3450,3419,3316,3116,3092,3068,3026,2985,2930,2873,2856,2110,1727,1668,1635,1587,1506,1466,1455,1388,1377,1349,1233,1184,1146,1105,1082,1063,1041,1029,1004,698cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D+9.3°(c 0.043,CHCl3).
ESI MS:540([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C25H35O7N5Na计算值540.24287;实测值540.24292。
实施例9 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-((((金刚烷-1-基)氧基)羰基)氨基)-己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物9)。
将化合物3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)溶解在无水DCM(10mL)中,并将反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入TEA(79mg,109μL,0.782mmol,1.2当量),然后加入无水DCM(3mL)中的金刚烷基碳酰氯(adamantanyl carbonochloridate)溶液(168mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)。将所得混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟,并在室温下搅拌45分钟。蒸发DCM,并通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 20∶1)纯化粗产物。以55%的产率(201mg)获得所需的化合物9,为浅黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.24(3H,d,J=6.3),1.26(3H,d,J=6.3),1.37–1.46(2H,m),1.49–1.58(2H,m),1.59–1.69(7H,m),1.76–1.89(1H,m),1.97(3H,s),2.06–2.11(6H,m),2.11–2.18(4H,m),2.15–2.26(1H,m),2.30–2.52(2H,m),3.16–3.32(2H,m),4.08(1H,q,J=6.9),4.47(1H,ddd,J=8.5,7.5,4.4),5.03(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.16(1H,d,J=7.2),5.32(1H,bs),5.86(1H,bs),6.96(1H,d,J=6.5).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):21.79(2C),22.42,23.28,26.88,28.81,30.89(3C),36.22(3C),36.53,38.93,41.69(3C),45.40,52.13,54.15,55.06,69.48,79.84,155.41,170.42,171.25,172.31,194.05.
IR(CHCl3):3598,3445,3420,2933,2918,2854,2110,1730,1706,1669,1637,1518,1494,1456,1386,1377,1367,1354,1318,1272,1236,1111,1104,1086,1057,968,551cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-2.0°(c 0.151,CHCl3).
ESI MS:584([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C28H43O7N5Na计算值584.30547;实测值584.30551。
实施例10 2-(2-(2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)乙酰氨基)-6-乙酰氨基己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物10)。
将3-吲哚乙酸(126mg,0.717mmol,1.1当量)和HATU(298mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)溶解在无水DCM(8mL)中,并将反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(253mg,341μL,1.96mmol,3当量),将反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌15分钟。最后,逐滴加入化合物3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)在无水DCM(4mL)中的溶液。将混合物在0℃下再搅拌30分钟,并在室温下搅拌3小时。加入DCM(30mL),有机相用10%NaHCO3(50mL),H2O(50mL)和盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,并将溶剂蒸发。粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化(CHCl3/MeOH 20∶1)。得到所需的产物10,为浅黄色固体(189mg,产率53%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.22(3H,d,J=6.3),1.24(3H,d,J=6.3),1.20–1.26(2H,m),1.35–1.47(2H,m),1.48–1.61(1H,m),1.70–1.81(1H,m),1.86–1.95(1H,m),1.93(3H,s),2.08–2.19(1H,m),2.21–2.37(2H,m),3.13(2H,q,J=6.5),3.75(2H,bs),4.33–4.45(2H,m),5.00(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.14(1H,bs),5.82(1H,bs),6.37(1H,d,J=7.6),7.06(1H,d,J=6.4),7.13(1H,ddd,J=8.0,7.1,1.1),7.17(1H,d,J=2.1),7.21(1H,ddd,J=8.0,7.1,1.1),7.38(1H,dd,J=8.1,0.9),7.58(1H,dd,J=7.8,1.0),8.43(1H,bs).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):21.83(2C),22.24,23.29,26.64,28.73,31.77,33.50,36.39,38.99,52.24,52.95,55.07,69.53,108.73,111.69,118.66,119.89,122.48,123.94,127.14,136.53,170.61,171.20,171.87,172.10,194.23.
IR(KBr):3304,3081,3062,2106,1732,1647,1542,1458,1437,1375,1215,1106cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-1.9°(c 0.260,CHCl3).
ESI MS:563([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C27H36O6N6Na计算值563.25885;实测值563.25890。
实施例11 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(2-氨基-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙酰氨基)己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物11)。
将Fmoc-L-Trp-OH(306mg,0.717mmol,1.1当量)和HATU(298mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)溶解在无水DMF(8mL)中,并将反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(253mg,341μL,1.96mmol,3当量),将反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌15分钟。最后,逐滴加入3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)在无水DMF(4mL)中的溶液。将混合物在0℃下再搅拌30分钟,并在室温下搅拌3小时。将二乙胺(477mg,674μL,6.52mmol,10当量)加入混合物中以去除Fmoc保护基团,并将溶液在室温在惰性气氛下搅拌过夜。蒸发DMF。加入DCM(100mL),并通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 7∶1)纯化粗产物。获得所需的产物11(194mg,52%产率),为淡黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO):1.16(3H,d,J=6.3),1.18(3H,d,J=6.3),1.18–1.24(2H,m),1.29–1.41(2H,m),1.42–1.54(1H,m),1.55–1.67(1H,m),1.78(3H,s),1.78–1.86(1H,m),1.90–2.03(1H,m),2.32–2.45(2H,m),2.79(1H,dd,J=14.4,8.4),2.97,q,J=6.8),3.11(1H,dd,J=14.3,4.2),2.08(2H,bs),3.55(dd,1H,J=8.4,4.3),4.16(1H,ddd,J=9.1,7.2,5.2),4.32(1H,td,J=7.8,5.2),4.88(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),6.04(1H,bs),6.97(1H,ddd,J=7.9,7.0,1.1),7.06(1H,ddd,J=8.1,6.9,1.2),7.18(1H,d,J=2.4),7.33(1H,dt,J=8.1,0.9),7.58(1H,d,J=7.9),7.79(1H,t,J=5.6),8.11(1H,d,J=8.2),8.37(1H,d,J=7.3),10.87(1H,d,J=2.4).
13C NMR(101MHz,d6-DMSO):21.45,21.50,22.34,22.62,25.76,28.98,30.37,32.36,38.43,41.56,51.52,51.68,54.80,56.03,68.00,110.05,111.33,118.23,118.45,120.90,123.99,127.39,136.24,168.95,170.97,171.71,173.59,194.03.
IR(KBr):3277,3084,2105,1731,1666,1643,1545,1457,1439,1375,1212,1106cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-37.6°(c 0.226,CHCl3).
ESI MS:570([M+H]+).
HR ESI MS:C28H40O6N7计算值570.30346;实测值570.30349。
实施例12 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(2-乙酰氨基-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙酰氨基)己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物12)。
将起始物质11(150mg,0.263mmol,1当量)溶解于无水DMF(5mL)中,并加入吡啶(42mg,42μL,0.527mmol,2当量)然后是乙酸酐(32mg,30μL,0.316mmol,1.2当量)。将获得的混合物在惰性气氛下于室温搅拌2小时。蒸发DMF,并将残余物通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 10∶1)纯化,得到化合物12(129mg,80%),为浅黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,d4-MeOD):1.25(3H,d,J=6.3),1.26(3H,d,J=6.3),1.30–1.37(2H,m),1.42–1.54(2H,m),1.55–1.68(1H,m),1.72–1.84(1H,m),1.85–1.93(1H,m),1.93(3H,s),1.94(3H,s),2.10–2.22(1H,m),2.36–2.47(2H,m),3.08–3.18(3H,m),3.28(1H,dd,J=9.2,6.0),4.27(1H,dd,J=8.4,5.7),4.33(1H,dd,J=9.5,4.9),4.69(1H,dd,J=7.6,5.9),5.01(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.72(1H,bs),7.02(1H,t,J=7.4),7.10(1H,t,J=7.4),7.14(1H,s),7.34(1H,d,J=8.0),7.61(1H,d,J=7.8).
13C NMR(101MHz,d4-MeOD):21.99(2C),22.57,22.60,23.96,27.59,28.73,29.93,32.50,37.25,40.19,53.19,54.62,55.66,56.22,70.34,110.83,112.30,119.34,119.81,122.44,124.53,128.86,137.99,172.42,173.20,173.26,174.07(2C),196.98.
IR(KBr):3295,3090,3063,2107,1729,1660,1644,1542,1459,1437,1375,1231,1106cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-18.0°(c 0.260,DMF).
ESI MS:634([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C30H41O7N7Na计算值634.29597;实测值634.29598。
实施例13 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(2-氨基-3-苯基丙酰氨基)-己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物13)。
将Fmoc-L-Phe-OH(278mg,0.717mmol,1.1当量)和HATU(298mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)溶解在无水DMF(8mL)中,并将反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(253mg,341μL,1.96mmol,3当量),将反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌15分钟。最后,逐滴加入3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)在无水DMF(4mL)中的溶液。将混合物在0℃下再搅拌30分钟,并在室温下搅拌3小时。将二乙胺(477mg,674μL,6.52mmol,10当量)加入混合物中以去除Fmoc保护基团,并将溶液在室温在惰性气氛下搅拌过夜。蒸发DMF,并通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 20∶1)纯化粗产物。获得所需的产物13(221mg,64%产率),为淡黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.23(3H,d,J=6.3),1.25(3H,d,J=6.3),1.19–1.28(2H,m),1.29–1.39(2H,m),1.46–1.57(2H,m),1.62–1.72(1H,m),1.78–1.89(1H,m),1.95(3H,s),1.95–2.04(1H,m),2.09–2.22(1H,m),2.32–2.49(2H,m),2.72(1H,ddd,J=13.8,9.2,1.5),3.15–3.29(3H,m),3.66(1H,ddd,J=9.2,3.9,1.5),4.37–4.48(2H,m),5.01(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.34(1H,bs),6.09(1H,bs),7.18–7.25(3H,m),7.28–7.33(2H,m),7.36(1H,bs),7.88(1H,d,J=8.5).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):21.86(2C),22.36,23.35,26.50,28.80,31.95,36.59,38.99,40.96,52.41,52.55,55.20,56.45,69.52,127.02,128.84(2C),129.42(2C),137.67,170.44,171.23,171.84,174.64,194.27.
IR(CHCl3):3449,3358,3334,2984,2110,1731,1661,1648,1632,1515,1496,1467,1388,1376,1349,1184,1146,1105,1031,703cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-23.3°(c 0.073,CHCl3).
ESI MS:553([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C26H38O6N6Na计算值553.27450;实测值553.27490。
实施例14 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(2-乙酰氨基-3-苯基丙酰氨基)-己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物14)。
将起始物质13(150mg,0.283mmol,1当量)溶解于无水DMF(5mL)中,并加入吡啶(45mg,46μL,0.565mmol,2当量)然后是乙酸酐(35mg,32μL,0.339mmol,1.2当量)。将获得的混合物在惰性气氛下于室温搅拌2小时。蒸发DMF,并将残余物通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 20∶1)纯化,得到化合物14(125mg,77%),为浅黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO):1.17(3H,d,J=6.3),1.18(3H,d,J=6.3),1.23–1.31(2H,m),1.32–1.43(2H,m),1.46–1.59(1H,m),1.60–1.72(1H,m),1.74(3H,s),1.78(3H,s),1.78–1.85(1H,m),1.90–2.01(1H,m),2.33–2.44(2H,m),2.70(1H,dd,J=14.0,10.4),2.95–3.03(3H,m),4.16(1H,ddd,J=9.3,7.4,5.2),4.23(1H,td,J=8.3,5.3),4.51(1H,ddd,J=10.2,8.3,4.0),4.88(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),6.04(1H,bs),7.14–7.21(1H,m),7.22–7.30(4H,m),7.79(1H,t,J=5.6),8.03(1H,d,J=7.9),8.07(1H,d,J=8.3),8.25(1H,d,J=7.4).
13C NMR(101MHz,d6-DMSO):21.93,21.97,22.92,23.09,23.14,26.31,29.44,32.25,37.88,38.85,51.92,52.74,54.35,56.03,68.45,126.64,128.46,129.56,138.53,169.38,169.70,171.44,171.80,172.18,194.51.
IR(KBr):3283,3082,3033,2102,1725,1685,1638,1547,1498,1454,1388,1374,1282,1224,1108,701cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-14.7°(c 0.156,DMF).
ESI MS:595([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C28H40O7N6Na计算值595.28507;实测值595.28522。
实施例15 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-甲酰氨基)己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物15)。
将Fmoc-L-Tic-OH(286mg,0.717mmol,1.1当量)和HATU(298mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)溶解在无水DMF(8mL)中,并将反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(253mg,341μL,1.96mmol,3当量),将反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌15分钟。最后,逐滴加入3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)在无水DMF(4mL)中的溶液。将混合物在0℃下再搅拌30分钟,并在室温下搅拌3小时。将二乙胺(477mg,674μL,6.52mmol,10当量)加入混合物中以去除Fmoc保护基团,并将溶液在室温在惰性气氛下搅拌过夜。蒸发DMF,并通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 10∶1)纯化粗产物。获得所需的产物15(202mg,57%产率),为淡黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO):1.17(3H,d,J=6.3),1.19(3H,d,J=6.3),1.20–1.28(2H,m),1.29–1.41(2H,m),1.46–1.58(1H,m),1.59–1.71(1H,m),1.77(3H,s),1.77–1.86(1H,m),1.92–2.03(1H,m),2.35–2.47(2H,m),2.72(1H,dd,J=16.3,10.0),2.92(1H,dd,J=16.3,4.9),2.98(2H,q,J=6.9),3.46(1H,dd,J=9.7,4.8),3.82–3.95(2H,m),4.17(1H,ddd,J=9.3,7.3,5.1),4.33(1H,dt,J=8.2,5.1),4.89(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),6.07(1H,bs),7.01–7.08(1H,m),7.08–7.16(4H,m),7.77(1H,t,J=5.6),7.93(1H,d,J=8.3),8.38(1H,d,J=7.4).
13C NMR(101MHz,d6-DMSO):21.46,21.50,22.43,22.60,25.76,28.92,30.84,32.32,36.20,38.37,46.51,51.49,51.67,55.63,55.71,68.01,125.62,125.70,125.87,128.81,134.44,136.21,168.87,170.97,171.75,172.28,194.04.
IR(KBr):3302,3089,2106,1735,1663,1630,1543,1512,1451,1434,1386,1375,1214,1107,703cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-43.2°(c 0.118,CHCl3).
ESI MS:543([M+H]+).
HR ESI MS:C27H39O6N6计算值543.29256;实测值543.29255。
实施例16 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(2-乙酰基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-甲酰氨基)己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物16)。
将起始物质15(150mg,0.276mmol,1当量)溶解于无水DMF(5mL)中,并加入吡啶(44mg,45μL,0.553mmol,2当量)然后是乙酸酐(34mg,31μL,0.332mmol,1.2当量)。将获得的混合物在惰性气氛下于室温搅拌3小时。蒸发DMF,并将残余物通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 15∶1)纯化,得到化合物16(135mg,83%),为浅黄色固体(异构体混合物5:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,主要异构体):1.23(3H,d,J=6.3),1.24(3H,d,J=6.3),1.28–1.54(3H,m),1.64–1.75(1H,m),1.95(3H,s),1.95–2.03(2H,m),2.09–2.18(2H,m),2.28(3H,s),2.32–2.44(2H,m),3.07(1H,dd,J=9.3,6.2),3.12(2H,q,J=6.2),3.30(1H,dd,J=15.4,4.9),4.30(1H,td,J=8.0,4.6),4.39(1H,ddd,J=9.1,7.7,4.3),4.53–4.70(2H,m),4.96(1H,dd,J=5.2,4.0),5.00(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.38(1H,bs),6.23(1H,t,J=5.7),6.67(1H,d,J=7.8),7.09(1H,d,J=7.7),7.13–7.25(4H,m).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3,主要异构体):21.75,21.83,21.84,22.51,23.34,26.70,28.60,31.43,32.95,36.71,38.79,47.42,52.33,52.60,54.89,58.00,69.48,125.97,127.17,128.17,128.19,133.10,134.06,170.52,171.03,171.25,171.44,171.67,194.44.
IR(CHCl3):3449,3413,3337,3116,3073,2109,1731,1661,1636,1514,1460,1437,1385,1377,1365,1321,1262,1235,1118,1105,968,823cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-5.8°(c 0.188,CHCl3).
ESI MS:607([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C29H40O7N6Na计算值607.28507;实测值607.28511。
实施例17 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)-己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物17)。
将Fmoc-L-Val-OH(243mg,0.717mmol,1.1当量)和HATU(298mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)溶解在无水DMF(8mL)中,并将反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(253mg,341μL,1.96mmol,3当量),将反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌15分钟。最后,逐滴加入3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)在无水DMF(4mL)中的溶液。将混合物在0℃下再搅拌30分钟,并在室温下搅拌3小时。将二乙胺(477mg,674μL,6.52mmol,10当量)加入混合物中以去除Fmoc保护基团,并将溶液在室温在惰性气氛下搅拌过夜。蒸发DMF,并通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 5∶1)纯化粗产物。获得所需的产物17(173mg,55%产率),为淡黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.83(3H,d,J=6.9),0.99(3H,d,J=6.9),1.24(3H,d,J=6.3),1.26(3H,d,J=6.3),1.35–1.45(2H,m),1.48–1.62(4H,m),1.65–1.75(1H,m),1.82–1.93(1H,m),1.96(3H,s),1.96–2.05(1H,m),2.13–2.23(1H,m),2.24–2.32(1H,m),2.33–2.49(2H,m),3.16–3.30(2H,m),3.27(1H,d,J=3.8),4.39–4.47(2H,m),5.02(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.34(1H,bs),6.01(1H,bs),7.23(1H,d,J=7.0),7.87(1H,d,J=8.0).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):16.27,19.84,21.86,21.88,22.49,23.35,26.62,28.75,31.03,31.98,36.55,39.00,52.40,52.52,55.24,60.28,69.55,170.43,171.23,171.92,174.94,194.23.
IR(CHCl3):3412,3339,3277,2982,2872,2110,1731,1662,1639,1515,1466,1376,1349,1182,1146,1105,1042cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-7.3°(c 0.041,CHCl3).
ESI MS:505([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C22H38O6N6Na计算值505.27450;实测值505.27454。
实施例18 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(2-乙酰氨基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)-己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物18)。
将起始物质17(150mg,0.310mmol,1当量)溶解于无水DMF(5mL)中,并加入吡啶(49mg,50μL,0.622mmol,2当量)然后是乙酸酐(38mg,35μL,0.373mmol,1.2当量)。将获得的混合物在惰性气氛下于室温搅拌2小时。蒸发DMF,并将残余物通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 10∶1)纯化,得到化合物18(120mg,74%),为浅黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,d4-MeOD):0.97(3H,d,J=6.9),0.98(3H,d,J=6.9),1.26(3H,d,J=6.3),1.27(3H,d,J=6.3),1.31–1.37(1H,m),1.39–1.59(4H,m),1.63–1.76(1H,m),1.77–1.90(1H,m),1.94(3H,s),2.02(3H,s),2.02–2.11(1H,m),2.13–2.25(1H,m),2.39–2.55(2H,m),3.10–3.26(2H,m),4.17(1H,d,J=7.3),4.32(1H,dd,J=8.6,5.7),4.37(1H,dd,J=9.5,4.7),5.01(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.83(1H,bs).
13C NMR(101MHz,d4-MeOD):18.78,19.77,21.99(2C),22.43,22.59,24.10,27.66,29.91,31.77,32.61,37.27,40.17,53.15,54.57,56.22,60.41,70.34,172.45,173.21,173.41,173.85,174.23,196.91.
IR(CHCl3):3426,3277,2960,2875,2110,1721,1660,1628,1537,1465,1386,1376,1348,1181,1147,1106,1042cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-38.6°(c 0.189,DMF).
ESI MS:547([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C24H40O7N6Na计算值547.28507;实测值547.28516。
实施例19 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)-丙酰氨基)己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物19)。
将Fmoc-L-Tyr-OH(289mg,0.717mmol,1.1当量)和HATU(298mg,0.782mmol,1.2当量)溶解在无水DMF(8mL)中,并将反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入DIEA(253mg,341μL,1.96mmol,3当量),将反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌15分钟。最后,逐滴加入3(250mg,0.652mmol,1当量)在无水DMF(4mL)中的溶液。将混合物在0℃下再搅拌30分钟,并在室温下搅拌3小时。将二乙胺(477mg,674μL,6.52mmol,10当量)加入混合物中以去除Fmoc保护基团,并将溶液在室温在惰性气氛下搅拌过夜。蒸发DMF,并通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 6∶1)纯化粗产物。获得所需的产物19(118mg,33%产率),为淡黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,d4-MeOD):1.26(3H,d,J=6.3),1.27(3H,d,J=6.3),1.28–1.33(1H,m),1.33–1.58(4H,m),1.60–1.73(1H,m),1.74–1.86(1H,m),1.95(3H,s),2.14–2.25(1H,m),2.41–2.52(2H,m),2.76(1H,dd,J=13.7,7.4),2.97(1H,dd,J=13.8,5.2),3.17(2H,t,J=6.9),3.60(1H,t,J=6.3),4.29–4.40(2H,m),5.02(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.82(1H,bs),6.74(2H,d,J=8.2),7.06(2H,d,J=8.2).
13C NMR(101MHz,d4-MeOD):21.99(2C),22.61,23.94,27.51,29.98,32.94,37.27,40.17,41.12,53.25,53.34,54.29,57.33,70.33,116.32(2C),129.05,131.51(2C),157.33,172.40,173.16,174.15,176.51,196.89.
IR(KBr):3290,3082,2984,2953,2926,2856,2107,1730,1651,1638,1614,1594,1543,1516,1466,1384,1375,1349,1292,1267,1227,1173,1145,1106,1029,826,690,645,404cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-18.6°(c 0.167,MeOH).
ESI MS:569([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C26H38O7N6Na计算值569.26942;实测值569.26948。
实施例20 2-(6-乙酰氨基-2-(2-乙酰氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)-丙酰氨基)己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物20)。
将起始物质19(150mg,0.274mmol,1当量)溶解于无水DMF(5mL)中,并加入吡啶(43mg,44μL,0.549mmol,2当量)然后是乙酸酐(34mg,31μL,0.329mmol,1.2当量)。将获得的混合物在惰性气氛下于室温搅拌2.5小时。蒸发DMF,并将残余物通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 10∶1)纯化,得到化合物20(91mg,56%),为淡黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,d4-MeOD):1.26(3H,d,J=6.3),1.27(3H,d,J=6.3),1.29–1.33(1H,m),1.34–1.57(4H,m),1.62–1.74(1H,m),1.76–1.87(1H,m),1.92(3H,s),1.94(3H,s),2.14–2.24(1H,m),2.38–2.52(2H,m),2.79(1H,dd,J=14.0,9.0),3.04(1H,dd,J=14.1,5.5),3.17(2H,td,J=6.9,2.0),4.35(1H,dd,J=9.5,4.9),4.29(1H,dd,J=8.5,5.6),4.56(1H,dd,J=9.0,5.5),5.01(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.81(1H,bs),6.70(2H,d,J=8.5),7.07(2H,d,J=8.5).
13C NMR(101MHz,d4-MeOD):21.99(2C),22.41,22.60,24.04,27.56,29.94,32.68,37.32,37.94,40.20,50.23,53.23,54.55,56.41,56.46,70.37,116.20(2C),129.02,131.25(2C),157.29,172.44,173.25,173.86,174.09,196.95.
IR(KBr):3380,3284,3078,3019,2978,2929,2858,2108,1722,1655,1635,1613,1593,1543,1517,1466,1449,1385,1375,1350,1293,1272,1234,1174,1145,1106,1040,825,697,645,547,406cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-4.0°(c 0.273,MeOH).
ESI MS:611([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C28H40O8N6Na计算值611.27998;实测值611.28000。
实施例21 2-(2-(3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-棕榈酰胺丙酰氨基)-6-乙酰氨基己酰氨基)-6-重氮-5-氧代己酸异丙酯(化合物21)。
将化合物11(150mg,0.263mmol)溶于无水DMF(6mL)和DIEA(68mg,92μL,0.527mmol,2当量),然后加入三甲基乙酰氯(41mg,42μL,0.342mmol,1.3当量)。将所得混合物在室温在惰性气氛下搅拌5小时。蒸发DMF,并将粗产物通过LC(CHCl3/MeOH 10∶1)纯化,得到83mg(48%)的淡黄色固体化合物21。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.13(9H,s),1.24(3H,d,J=6.3),1.26(3H,d,J=6.3),1.21–1.30(2H,m),1.35–1.50(2H,m),1.51–1.62(1H,m),1.74–1.85(1H,m),1.93–2.04(1H,m),2.00(3H,s),2.11–2.21(1H,m),2.27–2.44(2H,m),3.08(1H,dt,J=13.7,6.8),3.21(1H,dd,J=14.6,4.8),3.29(1H,dt,J=13.7,6.8),3.42(1H,dd,J=14.6,4.8),4.25–4.44(2H,m),4.73(1H,td,J=7.1,4.8),5.02(1H,七重峰,J=6.3),5.35(1H,bs),6.01(1H,t,J=5.9),6.41(1H,d,J=7.3),6.44(1H,d,J=7.3),6.90(1H,d,J=7.6),7.09(1H,d,J=2.4),7.13(1H,ddd,J=8.0,7.1,1.1),7.19(1H,ddd,J=8.2,7.0,1.2),7.41(1H,d,J=8.0),7.69(1H,d,J=7.8),9.44(1H,bs).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):21.82(2C),21.95,23.33,26.98,27.48(3C),29.20,29.79,31.64,36.53,39.17,52.14,53.07,54.42,55.32,69.48,109.50,111.84,118.39,119.57,122.09,123.73,127.57,136.49,170.91,171.15,171.34,171.72,179.05,194.43.
IR(CHCl3):3477,3447,3418,3326,3117,3084,3062,2967,2110,1731,1660,1620,1603,1548,1524,1504,1495,1458,1419,1398,1385,1376,1368,1321,1262,1236,1105,1069,1011cm-1.
旋光度:[α]20 D-18.3°(c 0.104,CHCl3).
ESI MS:676([M+Na]+).
HR ESI MS:C33H47O7N7Na计算值676.34292;实测值676.34300。
实施例22生物测试
材料和方法
1.肠和肝匀浆中的代谢稳定性:在猪组织匀浆中离体评估了化合物1-21的稳定性和DON的释放。简而言之,称取组织(例如肝或肠;约10mg),并以10%w/v加入0.1M磷酸钾缓冲液,pH=7.4。对悬浮的组织进行匀浆,同时浸入使用组织声波消解器的冰浴中,交替打开和关闭10秒钟,直到内容物以乳状溶液形式存在。为了进行电导实验,将化合物掺入溶液中至终浓度为20μM。在预定时间点,将100uL加标溶液的等分试样移入装有300uL的包含0.5uM内标物的冷MeOH的标记试管中,并通过LC/MS/MS分析残留的化合物百分比和DON释放(参见,Rais等,2016;Nedelcovych等,2017)。
图1A是显示在猪肠匀浆的存在下孵育60分钟后的完整化合物1-21的稳定性的柱状图。图1B是显示当化合物1-21在猪肠匀浆的存在下孵育60分钟时DON释放程度的柱状图。
图2A是显示在猪肝匀浆的存在下孵育60分钟后的完整化合物1-21的稳定性的柱状图。图2B是显示当化合物1-21在猪肝匀浆的存在下孵育60分钟时DON释放程度的柱状图。这些图表明,在肝匀浆存在下,大多数化合物基本上保持完整。
2.人肿瘤细胞与血浆分配:为了评估化合物相对于血浆在P493淋巴瘤肿瘤细胞中的分配,将化合物掺入含有1000万个P493细胞的人血浆中,并在37℃下孵育60分钟。将细胞血浆混合物以10,000g离心10分钟,然后用LC/MS/MS方法对细胞中的母体化合物和DON进行定量(参见,Rais等,2016;Nedelcovych等,2017)。
图3A是显示在包含P493肿瘤细胞的人血浆中孵育化合物1-21后P493肿瘤细胞中DON浓度的柱状图。图3B是显示在包含P493肿瘤细胞的人血浆中孵育化合物1-21后血浆中DON浓度的柱状图。这些图表明,与血浆相比,该化合物优先在P493B细胞中分配。
3.化合物1、7、12、16和DON在肿瘤细胞相对于血浆分配中的头对头单一时间点比较:评价化合物1、7、12和16在肿瘤细胞中吸收并裂解提供DON的能力。实验条件如下所述。
a.人肿瘤细胞相对于血浆的分配测定
在P493B淋巴瘤细胞(从宾夕法尼亚州费城宾夕法尼亚大学艾布拉姆森癌症中心的Chi Dang博士获得;(REF,Nature 458,762–765,2009年))中进行肿瘤细胞相对于血浆的分配测定。简而言之,将细胞在具有RPMI1640、1X L-谷氨酰胺培养基(CorningTMcellgroTM,美国)和10%(v/v)FBS(GibcoTM,美国)以及1%链霉素和庆大霉素(GibcoTM,美国)的150cm2细胞T形烧瓶(FalconTM,美国)中生长。所有细胞均在37℃,5%CO2的潮湿气氛中孵育。使用配备有3CCD数码相机的Axiovert 25光学显微镜对细胞融合进行目视监测。融合后,收集细胞悬浮液,并在25℃下以1000rpm离心5分钟,收集细胞沉淀。倒出上清培养基,将细胞沉淀重悬于20mL DPBS(GibcoTM,美国)中,并保持在37℃,以去除培养基痕迹。
在用0.4%台盼蓝溶液(伯乐公司(Bio-Rad),美国)以1∶1稀释等分试样之后,使用自动细胞计数器(伯乐公司,美国)确定细胞计数。将DPBS中的细胞细胞悬浮液在25℃下以1000rpm离心5分钟,收集细胞沉淀。倒出上清液DPBS,并将细胞沉淀重悬于人血浆中(创新研究公司(InnovativeResearch),美国),以获得1000万细胞/mL血浆的细胞密度。为了分析细胞-血浆分配情况,将1ml在37℃下预孵育5分钟,然后注入化合物至最终浓度20μM,然后在37℃下再孵育1小时。孵育后,将细胞悬浮液在4℃下以10000rpm离心10分钟。收集离心后获得的上清液血浆,并保存在-80℃下以进行完整化合物和DON分析。细胞沉淀用冰冷的DPBS洗涤一次,然后离心并保存在-80℃下,通过LC-MS/MS进行完整的前药和/或DON分析。
b.细胞沉淀物中DON和完整的化合物的生物分析的样品制备
为了定量分析DON和完整的化合物,将细胞沉淀物称重并悬浮在50μL水中。向细胞悬浮液中,以溶剂与细胞悬液的比例为5∶1加入具有内标物(氯沙坦:0.5μM和谷氨酸D5:10μM)的冰冷甲醇。将细胞样品涡旋,混合30秒,并在4℃下以10,000rpm离心10分钟。为了进行完整的化合物生物分析,将50μL离心后得到的上清液用50μL水稀释,然后转移到用特氟龙盖密封的250μL聚丙烯样品瓶中。DON的生物分析则根据经过稍许改进的丹磺酰氯衍生化方法进行(参阅Rais等,2016年;Nedelcovych等人,2017年)。简而言之,将200μL的上清液收集在另一个试管中,并在45℃的真空下干燥1小时。向每个试管中加入50μL的0.2M碳酸氢钠缓冲液(pH 9.0)和100μL的丹磺酰氯储备液。涡旋混合后,将样品在60℃孵育15分钟以衍生化,然后以15000rpm离心5分钟。将一百微升上清液转移至96孔板中,用400μL水稀释,并注入LC-MS/MS进行分析(参见Nedelcovych等人,2017)。使用用水稀释至与样品相当的比例的纯P493B细胞制备细胞沉淀物中DON定量的标准曲线。
c.DON的生物分析
简而言之,在Dionex超高性能系统上对DON进行了分析,该系统由分析泵、自动进样器和Q Exactive Focus Orbitrap质谱仪(赛默飞世尔科学公司(Thermo FisherScientific Inc.),马萨诸塞州沃尔瑟姆)组成。使用装有1.8μmC18固定相的AgilentEclipse Plus色谱柱(100×2.1mm内径)在35℃下将分析物与潜在的干扰物质分离。所用的流动相由水中的0.1%的甲酸和乙腈中的0.1%的甲酸溶液梯度洗脱液组成,用40%有机物开始,在1.5分钟时线性增加至95%,保持在95%(1.5-2.5分钟),在2.5分钟时重新平衡至40%,并保持40%有机物直到运行结束。总运行时间为3.5分钟。质谱仪使用正离子化模式的HESI离子源对衍生的DON分析物(Dabsyl-DON)进行操作,并由Xcalibur软件4.0.27.13(赛默飞科学公司(Thermo Scientific))控制。通过将毛细管温度设置为350℃的加热离子喷雾将样品引入源中。定量以产物反应监测(PRM)模式进行。对分析物跃迁的色谱峰进行积分和定量,以根据校准曲线计算每个峰的浓度。在0.005-50nmol/g或nmol/mL的范围内构建用于DON定量的肿瘤细胞和血浆的校准曲线,并使用分析物的峰面积与内标的比值、通过使用具有1/(标称浓度)权重的线性回归来计算。每个校准曲线的参数用于反算浓度,并通过内插值获得QC样品和未知样品的值。
d.化合物的生物分析
在室温下,使用装有1.8μm C18固定相的Agilent Eclipse Plus色谱柱(100×2.1mm内径)在与Accela开放式自动进样器连接的Thermo Scientific Accela UPLC系统上分析化合物。将自动进样器温度控制并在10℃下运行。色谱分离所用的流动相由含0.1%甲酸的乙腈/水组成,流速为0.4mL/分钟,梯度洗脱5分钟。使用TSQ Vantage三重四极杆质谱检测器监测色谱柱流出液,该检测器配备了设置为正电离模式的电喷雾探针。通过加热的雾化探针(350℃)将样品引入电离源。通过分析物的峰面积与内标的比值测量化合物的消失。使用线性回归,以1/(标称浓度)的权重,从分析物与内标的峰面积比构建原初人血浆中0.001-50nmol/g[化合物7]范围内的校准曲线。所有分析物的分析运行中,大于0.99的相关系数被认为是可以接受的。
e.结果和分析
图5A-C显示了DON和化合物1、7、12和16的肿瘤细胞相对于血浆的分配。除化合物16外,所有化合物均显示分配到淋巴瘤细胞内并在淋巴瘤细胞内生物活化为DON,浓度类似于DON(图5A)。值得注意的是,所有四种化合物在人血浆中均稳定,从而使DON释放量降至最低(图5B)。当直接与DON进行比较时,令人惊讶地发现1、7、12和16的DON肿瘤细胞与血浆的分配比率分别提高了13倍、27倍、12倍和46倍(图5C)。尽管化合物16提供了最佳的肿瘤细胞/血浆分配比率,但与16相比,化合物7递送了增强的DON肿瘤水平(8.81±0.02μM相较于0.12±0.04μM)。如上所示,与血浆相比,所测试的化合物表现出出乎意料的优先将DON递送至人肿瘤细胞中。此外,化合物7实现了DON肿瘤细胞相对于血浆的分配比率的出乎意料的改善(27倍),并且增强了DON向肿瘤细胞的递送。因此,选择化合物7用于时程实验中的进一步评估。
4.化合物7的时间依赖性肿瘤细胞相对于血浆的分配
化合物7在最初的单一时间点筛选中显示出最佳的肿瘤细胞相对于血浆分配,按照与最初的单一时间点筛选相似的方案,将样品孵育0.25、0.5、1和2小时的时间点以获得时间依赖性的分配情况,在时程中的肿瘤到细胞分配研究中进行进一步评估。
图6A证明了在猪和人血浆中化合物7显示出稳定性并且主要以完整化合物存在且DON释放<5%,表明血浆中代谢和向DON的转化最小。与此相对,在P493B肿瘤细胞中,DON释放经时增加(>初始浓度的40%)(图6B)。在肿瘤细胞中观察到<1%完整化合物,表明肿瘤细胞相对于血浆的选择性释放。
5.狗的药代动力学研究:狗的药代动力学研究是根据《实验动物的护理和使用指南(Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals)》中推荐的指南进行的,并由吸收系统(加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥)机构动物护理和使用委员会批准。以0.2mg/kg DON当量的剂量,将化合物#2以皮下推注给药或输注1小时的方式给药于雄性比格犬(n=1/组)。给药后0分钟、5分钟(仅静脉注射)、15分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时、8小时和24小时,通过直接静脉穿刺从颈静脉中采集血样(~1mL),放入肝素钠管中,并保持在湿冰上直至处理。将血样在4℃、3000×g下离心5分钟。将血浆收集在试管中并快速冷冻。将样品存储在冰箱中,设为保持-60℃至-80℃直至如前所述进行生物分析(参阅Rais等,2016年;Nedelcovych等人,2017年)。
图4A是显示静脉(IV)输注后经时的DON和化合物2的浓度的图。图4B是显示皮下(SC)输注后经时的DON和化合物2的浓度的图。药代动力学数据如下:
#2给药后的DON药代动力学参数
参数 | 单位 | 静脉输注 | SC |
T<sub>max</sub> | h | 1 | 8 |
C<sub>max</sub> | pmol/ml | 1494 | 864 |
AUC<sub>0-t</sub> | h*pmol/ml | 11503 | 11312 |
#2给药后的完整化合物药代动力学参数
参数 | 单位 | 静脉输注 | SC |
T<sub>max</sub> | h | .08 | 4 |
C<sub>max</sub> | pmol/ml | 6572 | 470 |
AUC<sub>0-t</sub> | h*pmol/ml | 7454 | 2599 |
数据表明,静脉注射和皮下注射给予DON的AUC非常相似。另外,SC给药的Cmax几乎是IV输注的Cmax的一半。对于SC给药,Tmax更长,显示出缓慢、稳定的吸收并转化为DON。
6.化合物7的狗的药代动力学研究
将化合物7皮下给予比格犬。图4C是显示其在狗中的血浆药代动力学的线图。下表中汇总了数据:
7.在使用P493 B淋巴瘤细胞的细胞增殖测定中的DON和化合物7
a.增殖测定
按照生产商的说明(普洛麦格公司(Promega),美国),使用Aqueous(一种溶液细胞增殖试剂)进行细胞增殖测定。简而言之,将P493B淋巴瘤细胞以20,000个细胞/孔的密度、最终体积为100μL的生长培养基,接种在96孔板中。将测试化合物储备液在DMSO中制成,并以1∶10连续稀释液添加到细胞中,最终浓度为0.2%DMSO。在测试化合物的存在下,使细胞增殖72小时。此后,每孔添加20μL CellTiter 96TMAQeous(普洛麦格公司#3580),并孵育2小时。吸光度测量为490nM。由于活细胞线粒体将四唑化合物转化为甲臜产物,因此活细胞显示出增加的吸收。
b.结果
将DON和化合物7与P493B淋巴瘤细胞孵育72小时,并测量细胞活力。两种化合物均引起细胞存活率的浓度依赖性降低。对数转换数据的非线性回归分析得出DON的EC50值为10.0±0.11μM,而化合物7出乎意料地使肿瘤细胞杀伤力提高了两倍,EC50值为5.0±0.12μM。
总体而言,以上显示的实验出乎意料地证明,本文公开的化合物相对于血浆优先向人肿瘤细胞递送谷氨酰胺拮抗剂DON,而肝脏(富含代谢酶)和肠道(推测的毒性器官)中谷氨酰胺拮抗剂的暴露量明显更少。此特性增强了DONS的治疗安全窗口。
参考文献
本说明书中涉及的所有出版物、专利申请、专利和其他参考文献指示本发明涉及领域技术人员的水平。本说明书中提到的所有出版物、专利申请、专利和其他参考文献通过引用其全部内容纳入本文,就好像将各篇单独的出版物、专利申请、专利和其他参考文献专门和单独地通过引用纳入本文那样。应该理解,尽管这里引用了许多专利申请、专利和其他参考文献,但是这些参考并不意味着承认这些文件中的任何文件构成了本领域公知常识的一部分。如果本说明书与任何引用的参考文献之间发生冲突,则以本说明书(包括可能基于引用的参考文献的任何修改)为准。除非另有说明,否则本文使用术语的标准的被本领域接受的含义。本文使用各种术语的标准缩写。
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尽管出于清楚理解的目的已经通过图示和示例的方式详细地描述了前述主题,但是本领域技术人员将理解,可以在所附权利要求的范围内进行某些改变和修改。
Claims (47)
1.一种具有式(I)的结构的化合物:
其中:
m是选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
X1选自–O–和–(CH2)p–,其中p是选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
R是H、烷基、取代的烷基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、烯基、取代的烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烯基、取代的环烯基、三(烷基)铵、和四(烷基)铵;
R3、R5、和R7分别独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;
R6选自H、–(CH2)t–CH(NH–C(CH3)(=O))–(CH2)t–R9、–C(=O)–X2–R10、和一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸,其中一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸通过一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸的羧基部分和与R6相邻的氮原子结合,其中X2存在或不存在,如果存在,则选自–O–、–O–(CH2)q–、–(CH2)t–、和–(CH2)v–CH=CH–(CH2)v–,其中q和t分别独立地选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,每个v独立地选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,并且R9和R10分别独立地选自直链或支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;并且
R8选自H和–C(=O)–R11,其中R11为取代或未取代的烷基;
或其酯或药学上可接受的盐。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其具有式(Ia)的结构:
其中:
m是选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
X1选自–O–和–(CH2)p–,其中p是选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8的整数;
R1和R2分别独立地为H、烷基、取代的烷基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、烯基、取代的烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烯基、取代的环烯基、三(烷基)铵、和四(烷基)铵,其中R1和R2可相同或不同,或者R1和R2可一起形成C3-C6环烷基;
R3、R5、和R7分别独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;
R6选自H、–(CH2)t–CH(NH–C(CH3)(=O))–(CH2)t–R9、–C(=O)–X2–R10、和一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸,其中一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸通过一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸的羧基部分和与R6相邻的氮原子结合,其中X2存在或不存在,如果存在,则选自–O–、–O–(CH2)q–、–(CH2)t–、和–(CH2)v–CH=CH–(CH2)v–,其中q和t分别独立地选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,每个v独立地选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、和8,并且R9和R10分别独立地选自直链或支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、和杂芳基;并且
R8选自H和–C(=O)–R11,其中R11为取代或未取代的烷基;
或其酯或药学上可接受的盐。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6是H。
9.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6是–(CH2)t–CH(NH–C(CH3)(=O))–(CH2)t–R9。
10.如权利要求9所述的化合物,其中每个t为1且R9为芳基。
12.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6是–C(=O)–X2–R10。
13.如权利要求12所述的化合物,其中X2存在且为–O–。
14.如权利要求13所述的化合物,其中R10选自叔丁基和金刚烷基。
16.如权利要求12所述的化合物,其中X2存在且为–O–(CH2)q–。
17.如权利要求16所述的化合物,其中q为1且R10选自9H-芴-9-基和苯基。
19.如权利要求12所述的化合物,其中X2不存在且R10选自C2-C20烷基、金刚烷基、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉基、吡啶基、和取代的十氢菲基。
21.如权利要求12所述的化合物,其中X2为–(CH2)t–且R10为1H-吲哚-3-基。
23.如权利要求12所述的化合物,其中X2为–(CH2)v–CH=CH–(CH2)v–和R10为芳基。
25.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6为一个或多个取代或未取代的氨基酸。
27.如权利要求25所述的化合物,其中一个或多个氨基酸是缬氨酸-亮氨酸。
28.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-27中任一项所述的化合物和药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
29.如权利要求28所述的药物组合物,其还包含至少一种肿瘤、免疫、抗感染、或神经试剂。
30.一种用于治疗肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包含给予有此需要的对象治疗有效量的权利要求1-27中任一项所述的化合物或权利要求28所述的药物组合物。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症是癌症。
32.如权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症是细菌或病毒感染。
33.如权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症是自身免疫疾病、免疫失调或炎性疾病。
34.如权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症是神经变性疾病。
35.如权利要求30-34中任一项所述的方法,其还包括给予治疗有效量的至少一种对于肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症的治疗有用的第二试剂。
36.如权利要求35所述的方法,其中,所述至少一种第二试剂是免疫治疗剂。
37.如权利要求36所述的方法,其中所述免疫治疗剂是免疫检验点抑制剂。
39.一种增强免疫检查点抑制剂的效果、使对象能够响应免疫检查点抑制剂、或使免疫检查点抑制剂的毒性或剂量或治疗的数量减少的方法,其包括给予有此需要的对象治疗有效量的权利要求1-27中任一项所述的化合物或权利要求28所述的药物组合物和免疫检查点抑制剂。
40.如权利要求39所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其药物组合物的给予逆转了对免疫检查点抑制剂的耐药性或难治性。
41.如权利要求39或40所述的方法,其中所述对象患有癌症。
42.如权利要求41所述的方法,其中所述癌症是免疫检查点耐药性的结肠癌、成胶质细胞瘤或头颈癌。
44.一种治疗免疫检查点抑制剂疗法难治的肿瘤、免疫、感染或神经疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包含给予有此需要和有难治性疾病或病症的对象治疗有效量的权利要求1-27中任一项所述的化合物或权利要求28所述的药物组合物。
45.如权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其药物组合物与免疫检查点抑制剂一起给予。
46.如权利要求43-45中任一项所述的方法,其中所述化合物或药物组合物可在免疫检查点抑制剂之前、同时、之后给予对象。
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CN113438947A (zh) * | 2019-01-18 | 2021-09-24 | 羿尊生物医药股份有限公司 | Don前药和免疫检查点抑制剂的联合治疗 |
WO2023202651A1 (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-10-26 | Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. | Polymorphic forms of glutamine antagonist and uses thereof |
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US20210177841A1 (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2021-06-17 | Calithera Biosciences, Inc. | Conjoint therapy with glutaminase inhibitors |
WO2020167829A1 (en) | 2019-02-11 | 2020-08-20 | Dracen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method of preparing a don prodrug from l-pyroglutamic acid |
MX2021011253A (es) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-11-17 | Alteron Therapeutics Inc | Moduladores de tdp-43. |
WO2021239049A1 (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-02 | Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. | Novel glutamine analogs |
WO2022022612A1 (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-03 | Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. | Novel glutamine analogs |
WO2022078462A1 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. | Novel glutamine analogs |
WO2022078416A1 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. | Novel glutamine analogs |
WO2023145880A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-03 | 国立大学法人富山大学 | グルタミナーゼ阻害剤 |
WO2024097320A1 (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2024-05-10 | The Johns Hopkins University | Azotomycin prodrugs with preferential tumor delivery |
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