CN111564990B - Uninterrupted energy supply device and method for long and thin type impactor leaning detection - Google Patents

Uninterrupted energy supply device and method for long and thin type impactor leaning detection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111564990B
CN111564990B CN202010245801.XA CN202010245801A CN111564990B CN 111564990 B CN111564990 B CN 111564990B CN 202010245801 A CN202010245801 A CN 202010245801A CN 111564990 B CN111564990 B CN 111564990B
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impactor
thermoelectric
rear end
energy
conductor electrode
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CN111564990A (en
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王伟
陆希
方宝东
黄帆
彭玉明
柳明星
耿志卿
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Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • H02N11/002—Generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G4/00—Tools specially adapted for use in space

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Abstract

The uninterrupted energy supply device for the long and thin type impactor to carry out detection comprises a rear end, a thermoelectric assembly, a front end, a switch switching device, a controller and a sensor; the rear end is positioned at the outer side of the tail part of the impactor body; the front end is positioned in the impactor body and is close to the head of the impactor; the thermoelectric assembly is positioned between the front end and the rear end and converts heat energy between the front end and the rear end into electric energy, so that uninterrupted energy is provided for the penetration detection of the impactor; the switch switching device is used for connecting the voltage output end of the thermoelectric component with the energy storage unit of the impactor; when the sensor detects sunlight, the controller controls the switch switching device to be connected with the voltage output end at the front end of the thermoelectric module, and when the sensor cannot detect sunlight, the controller controls the switch switching device to be connected with the voltage output end at the rear end of the thermoelectric module. The invention also provides an uninterrupted energy supply method. The invention realizes autonomous power supply by thermoelectric conversion by utilizing the heat energy of the surrounding environment, and has lower cost and smaller volume.

Description

Uninterrupted energy supply device and method for long and thin type impactor leaning detection
Technical Field
The invention relates to an uninterrupted energy supply device and method for long and thin impactor detection, and belongs to the technical field of deep space impact detector energy.
Background
With the development of space detection technology, human exploration steps gradually move to the solar system, and by emitting detectors to the extraterrestrial planets such as mars, wooden stars, earth stars, tianwang stars, sea wang stars, pluto stars and the like, the secret of the farther space is explored. With the distance from the sun getting farther and farther, selecting a proper energy source to power the detector is an important issue for deep space exploration. The conventional energy sources for deep space exploration comprise a chemical battery, a solar battery, a radioisotope thermoelectric generator and the like, the chemical battery and the solar energy are often used as a capacity power source and an energy storage power source to be combined to form a power system, the volume is large generally, and the radioisotope thermoelectric generator needs nuclear fuel as a heat source and is high in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the device and the method overcome the defects of the prior art, realize autonomous power supply by utilizing the heat energy of the surrounding environment through thermoelectric conversion, have lower cost and smaller volume, and provide a good solution for the energy supply of the deep space impactor.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the uninterrupted energy supply device is used for the long and thin type impactor to carry out detection, and is realized by a thermoelectric conversion system, wherein the thermoelectric conversion system comprises a rear end, a thermoelectric assembly, a front end, a switch switching device, a sensor and a controller;
the rear end is a heat conduction insulating layer, is positioned on the outer side of the tail part of the impactor body and can absorb solar energy to realize heating when sunlight exists;
the front end is positioned inside the impactor body and close to the impactor head;
the thermoelectric assembly is positioned between the front end and the rear end, and converts heat energy between the front end and the rear end into electric energy by utilizing the Seebeck effect, so that uninterrupted energy is provided for the penetration detection of the impactor;
the switch switching device is used for connecting the voltage output end of the thermoelectric component with the energy storage unit of the impactor;
the sensor is positioned on the outer side of the tail part of the impactor body and used for detecting whether sunlight exists or not and sending a detection result to the controller;
the controller is arranged in the impactor body and is connected with the sensor through a signal line, when the detection result is that sunlight exists, the control switch switching device is connected with the voltage output end at the front end of the thermoelectric assembly, and when the detection result is that the sunlight does not exist, the control switch switching device is connected with the voltage output end at the rear end of the thermoelectric assembly.
The switch switching device comprises two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD, moving contacts of the two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD are connected with the energy storage unit of the impactor at the same time, a voltage output end at the front end of the thermoelectric assembly is connected with first fixed contacts of the two single-pole double-throw switches, and a voltage output end at the rear end of the thermoelectric assembly is connected with second fixed contacts of the two single-pole double-throw switches.
The thermoelectric assembly is positioned in the impactor body and comprises a rear end conductor electrode, a couple arm and a front end conductor electrode;
the rear end penetrates through the impactor body and is in close contact with the rear end conductor electrode, the front end conductor electrode is in close contact with the front end, and the rear end conductor electrode and the front end conductor electrode are connected through two galvanic couple arms.
Two ends of the front conductor electrode are respectively used as voltage output ends at the front end of the thermoelectric assembly, and two ends of the rear conductor electrode are used as voltage output ends at the rear end of the thermoelectric assembly.
The rear-end conductor electrode and the front-end conductor electrode are both semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheets, and the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheets are made of bismuth telluride.
The energy storage unit of the impactor is a storage battery and is used as a power supply of the impactor.
The supply method of the uninterrupted power supply device comprises the following steps:
s1, after the impactor carries out planetary impact and complete pouring, the head of the impactor is deep into the planetary surface, and the tail of the impactor body is located outside the planetary surface;
s2, when the sunlight is irradiated in daytime, the sensor detects the sunlight, the controller controls the two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD to be shifted to a first static contact point according to the detection result of the sensor, the rear end of the planet surface receives solar radiation at the moment, the temperature is high, the front end of the planet surface extends into the planet surface layer, the temperature is low, therefore, the front end and the rear end generate temperature difference, thermoelectric conversion is realized by utilizing the seebeck effect of the thermoelectric assembly, and the electromotive force delta U is generated at the front end conductor electrode of the thermoelectric assembly1；
S3, when there is no light, the sensor can not detect the sunlight, and controlThe device controls the two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD to be shifted to a second static contact point according to a detection result of the sensor, the rear end on the surface of the planet is free of solar illumination at the moment, the temperature is low, the front end of the single-pole double-throw switch KS penetrates into the surface layer of the planet, the temperature is high by absorbing soil geothermy, so that the front end and the rear end of the single-pole double-throw switch KS generate temperature difference, thermoelectric conversion is realized by utilizing the Seebeck effect of the thermoelectric assembly, and electromotive force delta U is generated at the rear end conductor electrode of the thermoelectric assembly2；
S4, the electric energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion system is directly supplied to the energy storage unit of the impactor to supply the electric energy to the impactor, and the purpose of supplying continuous and uninterrupted energy to the impactor is achieved through switching of the switch switching device in the absence of illumination in daytime and at night.
In step S2, Δ U1Satisfies the following conditions:
ΔU1＝αs(Thh-Tql)
in the formula: alpha is alphasSeebeck coefficient in V/DEG C; t ishhIs the back end temperature, TqlIs the front end temperature.
In step S3, Δ U2Satisfies the following conditions:
ΔU2＝αs(Tql-Thh)
in the formula: alpha is alphasSeebeck coefficient in V/DEG C; t ishhIs the back end temperature, TqlIs the front end temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, through reasonable layout of the power management system and the system mechanical structure, the miniaturized thermoelectric power generation system (energy supply device) with a compact structure is obtained by utilizing the thermoelectric effect of the semiconductor material, and the self-powered supply is realized by utilizing the heat energy of the surrounding environment through thermoelectric conversion, so that the cost is lower, the volume is smaller, and the miniaturization of the deep space impactor is facilitated.
(2) The invention has wide adaptability to heat sources, can convert heat energy into electric energy under the condition of small temperature difference, can provide continuous and uninterrupted energy input for the impactor in daytime or no illumination, and has high reliability and long service life.
(3) The invention is safe and pollution-free, and the thermoelectric power generation can not generate waste in the energy conversion process, thereby being approximate to zero emission to the environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an uninterruptible power supply apparatus according to the present invention;
wherein: 1-a striker body; 2-a striker head; 3-a planetary surface; 4-a thermoelectric conversion system; 401-back end; 402-a thermoelectric assembly; 402 a-back end conductor electrode; 402 b-thermocouple arm; 402 c-front conductor electrode; 403-front end; 404-a switch switching device; 5-a striker energy storage unit; 6-a sensor; 7-a controller.
Detailed Description
The invention provides the uninterrupted energy supply device for the long and thin impactor to carry out the detection, the self-powered supply is realized by utilizing the heat energy of the surrounding environment through thermoelectric conversion, the cost is lower, the volume is smaller, and a good solution is provided for the energy supply of the deep space impactor.
As shown in fig. 1, the uninterruptible power supply apparatus of the present invention is implemented by a thermoelectric conversion system 4, and the thermoelectric conversion system 4 includes a back end 401, a thermoelectric module 402, a front end 403, a switching device 404, a controller, and a sensor.
The rear end 401 is a heat conducting insulating layer, is located on the outer side of the tail of the impactor body 1, and can absorb solar energy to realize heating when sunlight exists.
The front end 403 is located inside the striker body 1 and near the striker head 2. The front end can fully radiate heat by using the radiating surface.
The thermoelectric assembly 402 is positioned between the front end 403 and the rear end 401, is composed of semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheets, converts heat energy between the front end 403 and the rear end 401 into electric energy by utilizing the Seebeck effect, and can ensure that the output electric energy is uninterrupted on the premise of uninterrupted heat input (temperature difference), thereby providing uninterrupted energy for the penetration detection of the impactor.
The semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet generally adopts the bismuth telluride (Bi) with the best low-temperature thermoelectric performance at present2Te3) A base material.
Specifically, the thermoelectric module 402 is located inside the striker body 1, and includes a rear end conductor electrode 402a, a couple arm 402b, and a front end conductor electrode 402 c; the rear end 401 passes through the striker body 1, and is in close contact with a rear end conductor electrode 402a, the front end conductor electrode 402c is in close contact with a front end 403, and the rear end conductor electrode 402a and the front end conductor electrode 402c are connected by two thermocouple arms 402 b.
The switching device 404 is used for connecting the voltage output end of the thermoelectric module 402 with the striker energy storage unit 5.
Specifically, the switch switching device 404 includes two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD, moving contacts of the two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD are connected to the striker energy storage unit at the same time, a voltage output end of the front end of the thermoelectric assembly 402 is connected to first stationary contacts of the two single-pole double-throw switches, and a voltage output end of the rear end of the thermoelectric assembly 402 is connected to second stationary contacts of the two single-pole double-throw switches;
the sensor is positioned at the outer side of the tail part of the impactor body 1 and used for detecting whether sunlight exists or not and sending a detection result to the controller;
the controller is arranged in the impactor body 1 and is connected with the sensor through a signal line, when the detection result is that sunlight exists, the two single-pole double-throw switches are controlled to be all shifted to the first stationary contact, and when the detection result is that no sunlight exists, the two single-pole double-throw switches are controlled to be all shifted to the second stationary contact.
In the invention, when the temperature difference between the front end and the rear end is delta T, the electromotive force delta U generated by the seebeck effect of the thermoelectric component is as follows:
ΔU＝αsΔT＝αs(Th-Tl)
in the formula: alpha is alphasThe Seebeck coefficient is determined by the electronic energy band structure of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet material, and the unit of the Seebeck coefficient is V/DEG C; t ishIs the hot end temperature, TlIs the cold end temperature. The output performance of the thermoelectric component power generation mainly depends on the temperature difference of the cold end and the hot end of the couple arm, and the larger the temperature difference of the current back cold end and the hot end is, the higher the output electric energy is.
The supply method comprises the following steps:
s1, after the impactor carries out planetary impact and complete, the head 2 of the impactor extends into the planetary surface 3, and the tail of the impactor body 1 is positioned outside the planetary surface 3;
s2, when light is emitted in daytime, the sensor detects sunlight, the controller controls the two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD to be shifted to a first static contact point according to the detection result of the sensor, the rear end 401 on the surface of the planet at the moment receives solar radiation, the temperature is high, the front end 403 extends into the surface layer of the planet and is low, so that the front end and the rear end generate temperature difference, thermoelectric conversion is realized by utilizing the seebeck effect of the thermoelectric component 402, and the electromotive force delta U is generated at the front end conductor electrode 402c of the thermoelectric component1；
ΔU1＝αs(Thh-Tql)
In the formula: alpha is alphasSeebeck coefficient in V/DEG C; t ishhIs the back end 401 temperature, TqlIs the front end 403 temperature.
S3, when no light is emitted, the sensor can not detect the sunlight, the controller controls the two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD to shift to a second static contact point according to the detection result of the sensor, at the moment, the rear end 401 on the surface of the planet has no sunlight, the temperature is low, the front end 403 extends into the surface layer of the planet, the temperature is high by absorbing soil terrestrial heat, the temperature difference is generated at the front end and the rear end, a thermocouple arm is formed by utilizing the Seebeck effect of the thermoelectric component 402, thermoelectric conversion is realized, and the electromotive force delta U is generated at the rear end conductor electrode 402a of the thermoelectric component2；
ΔU2＝αs(Tql-Thh)
In the formula: alpha is alphasIs the seebeck coefficient in V/c.
S4, the electric energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion system 4 is directly supplied to the energy storage unit of the impactor to supply the impactor with electric energy, and the purpose of supplying continuous uninterrupted energy to the impactor is achieved through switching of the switch switching device 404 during daytime and night without illumination.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention has not been described in detail in this specification.

Claims (9)

1. An uninterrupted power supply for long and thin impactor dumping detection, characterized by: the uninterruptible energy supply device is realized by a thermoelectric conversion system (4), and the thermoelectric conversion system (4) comprises a rear end (401), a thermoelectric assembly (402), a front end (403), a switch switching device (404), a sensor (6) and a controller (7);
the rear end (401) is a heat conduction insulating layer, is positioned on the outer side of the tail part of the impactor body (1), and can absorb solar energy to realize heating when sunlight exists;
the front end (403) is positioned inside the striker body (1) and close to the striker head (2);
the thermoelectric assembly (402) is positioned between the front end (403) and the rear end (401), and converts heat energy between the front end (403) and the rear end (401) into electric energy by utilizing the Seebeck effect, so that uninterrupted energy is provided for the complete detection of the impactor;
the switch switching device (404) is used for connecting the voltage output end of the thermoelectric assembly (402) with the energy storage unit (5) of the impactor;
the sensor (6) is positioned on the outer side of the tail part of the impactor body (1) and used for detecting whether sunlight exists or not and sending a detection result to the controller;
the controller (7) is located in the impactor body (1) and connected with the sensor through a signal line, when the detection result shows that sunlight exists, the control switch switching device (404) is connected with a voltage output end at the front end of the thermoelectric assembly (402), and when the detection result shows that no sunlight exists, the control switch switching device (404) is connected with a voltage output end at the rear end of the thermoelectric assembly (402).
2. The apparatus of claim 1 for uninterrupted power supply for elongated impactor fill detection, characterized in that: the switch switching device (404) comprises two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD, moving contacts of the two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD are connected with the energy storage unit (5) of the impactor at the same time, a voltage output end of the front end of the thermoelectric component (402) is connected with first stationary contacts of the two single-pole double-throw switches, and a voltage output end of the rear end of the thermoelectric component (402) is connected with second stationary contacts of the two single-pole double-throw switches.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 for uninterrupted power supply for elongated impactor fill detection, characterized in that: the thermoelectric assembly (402) is positioned in the impactor body (1) and comprises a rear end conductor electrode (402a), a thermocouple arm (402b) and a front end conductor electrode (402 c);
the rear end (401) penetrates through the impactor body (1) and is in close contact with a rear end conductor electrode (402a), the front end conductor electrode (402c) is in close contact with the front end (403), and the rear end conductor electrode (402a) and the front end conductor electrode (402c) are connected through two thermocouple arms (402 b).
4. The apparatus of claim 3 for uninterrupted power supply for elongated impactor fill detection, characterized in that: two ends of the front conductor electrode (402c) are respectively used as voltage output ends of the front end of the thermoelectric component (402), and two ends of the rear conductor electrode (402a) are used as voltage output ends of the rear end of the thermoelectric component (402).
5. The apparatus of claim 4 for uninterrupted power supply for elongated impactor fill detection, characterized in that: the rear-end conductor electrode (402a) and the front-end conductor electrode (402c) are both semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheets, and the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheets are made of bismuth telluride.
6. The apparatus of claim 2 for uninterrupted power supply for elongated impactor fill detection, characterized in that: the energy storage unit (5) of the impactor is a storage battery and is used as a power supply of the impactor.
7. A method of supplying an uninterruptible power supply as claimed in any of claims 3 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, after the impactor carries out planetary impact and inclination, the head (2) of the impactor extends into the planetary surface (3), and the tail of the impactor body (1) is located outside the planetary surface (3);
s2, sensing when light is emitted in daytimeThe sunlight is detected by the device, the controller controls the two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD to be shifted to a first static contact point according to a detection result of the sensor, the rear end (401) on the surface of the planet receives solar radiation at the moment, the temperature is high, the front end (403) extends into the surface layer of the planet, the temperature is low, so that the front end and the rear end generate temperature difference, thermoelectric conversion is realized by utilizing the Seebeck effect of the thermoelectric assembly (402), and electromotive force delta U is generated at the front end conductor electrode (402c) of the thermoelectric assembly1；
S3, when no light is emitted, the sensor can not detect the sunlight, the controller controls the two single-pole double-throw switches KS and KD to be shifted to a second static contact point according to the detection result of the sensor, at the moment, the rear end (401) on the surface of the planet has no sunlight, the temperature is lower, the front end (403) extends into the surface layer of the planet, the temperature is higher by absorbing the terrestrial heat of the soil, so that the front end and the rear end generate temperature difference, thermoelectric conversion is realized by utilizing the seebeck effect of the thermoelectric component (402), and the electromotive force delta U is generated at the rear end conductor electrode (402a) of the thermoelectric component2；
S4, the electric energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion system (4) is directly supplied to the energy storage unit of the impactor to supply the electric energy to the impactor, and the purpose of continuously supplying the energy to the impactor is achieved through the switching of the switch switching device (404) during the day and night without illumination.
8. The supply method according to claim 7, characterized in that: in step S2, Δ U1Satisfies the following conditions:
ΔU1＝αs(Thh-Tql)
in the formula: alpha is alphasSeebeck coefficient in V/DEG C; t ishhIs the back end (401) temperature, TqlIs the front end (403) temperature.
9. The supply method according to claim 7, characterized in that: in step S3, Δ U2Satisfies the following conditions:
ΔU2＝αs(Tql-Thh)
in the formula: alpha is alphasSeebeck coefficient in V/DEG C; t ishhIs the back end (401) temperature, TqlIs the front end (403) temperature.
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