CN111562686B - Space light self-adaptive coupling device based on crystal electro-optic effect - Google Patents
Space light self-adaptive coupling device based on crystal electro-optic effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN111562686B CN111562686B CN202010559802.1A CN202010559802A CN111562686B CN 111562686 B CN111562686 B CN 111562686B CN 202010559802 A CN202010559802 A CN 202010559802A CN 111562686 B CN111562686 B CN 111562686B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/0305—Constructional arrangements
- G02F1/0311—Structural association of optical elements, e.g. lenses, polarizers, phase plates, with the crystal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric communication, and particularly relates to a space light self-adaptive coupling device based on a crystal electro-optic effect. The optical fiber core diameter of the trapezoidal optical fiber is gradually reduced from a front section to a tail section, the trapezoidal optical fiber comprises at least three sections of optical fibers, the front section is a multimode optical fiber, the tail section is a single-mode optical fiber, the front end of the multimode optical fiber is located at the focus of the self-focusing lens, and the trapezoidal optical fiber is arranged on the supporting platform. The device has the characteristics of automatic response and dynamic adjustment, and can adjust potential distribution according to coupling efficiency, thereby changing the focusing constant and focal length of the self-focusing lens, realizing optimization of the device structure and ensuring efficient coupling of space light to single-mode optical fibers. In addition, the device has higher application value because the device is convenient to regulate and control, has no mechanical structure and has high integration degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric communication, and particularly relates to a space light self-adaptive coupling device based on a crystal electro-optic effect.
Background
The electro-optic effect of a crystal refers to an effect in which the optical refractive index of the crystal changes due to an applied electric field. When the refractive index varies linearly with the applied electric field, this effect is called the linear electro-optic effect. For LiNbO3When the direction of the applied electric field is along the Z direction of the optical axis of the crystal, the direction of the main axis of the crystal is not changed, and the refractive indexes of all directions are related to the intensity of the applied electric field.
The self-focusing lens is characterized in that the refractive index of a medium is gradually changed along the radius direction according to a certain rule, and the beam width compression is realized by guiding the light beam to refract and propagate by utilizing the refractive index distribution, so that the self-focusing lens is also called as a gradient refractive index lens. The divergence angle of the ordinary lens is increased when the beam width is compressed, and the refractive index of the self-focusing lens is in gradient distribution, so that the spherical aberration, astigmatism and the like can be corrected at the same time, and the divergence angle increase degree of the self-focusing lens caused by reducing the beam waist radius is far smaller than that of the ordinary lens. The end face of the self-focusing lens is a plane and can be directly bonded with the end face of the optical fiber, the structure is compact and stable, the adjustment is convenient, the coupling loss of the self-focusing lens can be less than 0.5dB after reflection reduction measures are adopted on each optical surface, and the self-focusing lens is basically independent of the lens spacing (<20mm) and the mode power distribution in the optical fiber.
Spatial optical coupling is one of the key technologies in the field of free-space optical communications. Most optical communication technologies need to adopt an erbium-doped fiber amplification technology, and a coupling technology needs to couple a single-mode fiber as a carrier, but the diameter of the single-mode fiber is only 9-10 μm, and the numerical aperture is only about 0.14, so that the coupling efficiency from a space optical signal to the single-mode fiber is limited. Moreover, the structure of the device is complex, and the difficulty in adjusting the system structure is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of low space light coupling efficiency, complex structure and high adjustment difficulty, the invention provides a non-mechanized electric control dynamic adjustable space light high-efficiency automatic coupling device based on a crystal electro-optic effect.
The invention combines the characteristics of large-area receiving of a self-focusing lens and low coupling energy loss of a trapezoidal optical fiber, dynamically adjusts the self-focusing lens module and the trapezoidal structure module by utilizing a distributed potential point, provides a space light self-adaptive coupling device based on a crystal electro-optic effect, and can be applied to the technical fields of optical fiber lasers, space light communication, astronomical observation and the like. Compared with the traditional coupling system, the coupling system solves the problems of difficult structure optimization, large processing difficulty, low coupling efficiency and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a space light self-adaptive coupling device based on a crystal electro-optic effect comprises a self-focusing lens, a supporting platform and a trapezoidal optical fiber, wherein the diameter of an optical fiber core of the trapezoidal optical fiber is gradually reduced from a front section to a tail section, the trapezoidal optical fiber comprises at least three sections of optical fibers, the front section is a multimode optical fiber, the tail section is a single-mode optical fiber, the front end of the multimode optical fiber is located at the focus of the self-focusing lens, and the trapezoidal optical fiber is arranged on the supporting platform.
According to the further optimization of the technical scheme, the middle section of the trapezoidal optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber and/or a few-mode optical fiber.
According to the further optimization of the technical scheme, the front section of the trapezoidal optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, the middle section of the trapezoidal optical fiber is a few-mode optical fiber, and the tail section of the trapezoidal optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber. The trapezoidal optical fiber refers to a coupling structure of a multimode optical fiber, a few-mode optical fiber and a single-mode optical fiber. The beam waist of the space light is compressed by the self-focusing lens, so that the focus of the lens is positioned on the end face of the multimode fiber, and the optical signal coupled into the multimode fiber is output from the single-mode fiber after passing through the trapezoidal fiber.
According to the technical scheme, the radius of the cladding of the trapezoidal optical fiber is 125 micrometers, the core diameter of the multimode optical fiber is 100 micrometers, the core diameter of the single-mode optical fiber is 10 micrometers, and the core diameter range of the few-mode optical fiber is 20-80 micrometers.
In the further optimization of the technical scheme, the self-focusing lens adopts LiNbO3And (5) preparing crystals.
Further optimization of the technical scheme is that the LiNbO3A plurality of potential points are densely distributed on the crystal, and different potential values can be applied to the potential points. Because potential differences can be formed between potential points with different potentials, according to the electro-optic effect of the crystal, the refractive index of the crystal is related to the intensity of the applied electric field, and therefore the refractive index distribution of each part of the workbench can be controlled by applying corresponding potentials to the potential points at different positions.
Different from the prior art, the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the high-efficiency coupling of space light by utilizing the high coupling efficiency of the distributed potential control self-focusing lens and the trapezoidal optical fiber. The self-focusing lens has the characteristic of receiving a mode field in a large area, and can increase the numerical aperture of a receiving end. Meanwhile, the device has the characteristics of automatic response and dynamic adjustment, and can adjust potential distribution according to coupling efficiency, so that the focusing constant and the focal length of the self-focusing lens are changed, the structure of the device is optimized, and the efficient coupling of space light to the single-mode optical fiber is ensured. In addition, the device has higher application value because the device is convenient to regulate and control, has no mechanical structure and has high integration degree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spatial light adaptive coupling device based on a crystal electro-optic effect;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-focusing lens;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the self-focusing lens.
In the figure: LiNbO3The optical fiber comprises a crystal, 2 electric potential points, 3 self-focusing lenses, 4 supporting platforms, 5 multimode optical fibers, 6 few-mode optical fibers and 7 single-mode optical fibers.
Detailed Description
To explain technical contents, structural features, and objects and effects of the technical solutions in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
The invention provides a space light self-adaptive coupling device based on a crystal electro-optic effect, which comprises a self-focusing lens, a supporting platform and a trapezoidal optical fiber, wherein the trapezoidal optical fiber comprises a multimode optical fiber and a single-mode optical fiber, the front section of the multimode optical fiber is positioned at the focus of the self-focusing lens, and the trapezoidal optical fiber is arranged on the supporting platform.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a spatial light adaptive coupling device based on a crystal electro-optic effect according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the device includes a self-focusing lens 3, a supporting platform 4 and a trapezoidal optical fiber. The self-focusing lens 3 is arranged at the front section of the trapezoidal optical fiber, the trapezoidal optical fiber is fixed on the supporting platform 4, and the end face of the front section is positioned at the focus of the lens.
The trapezoidal optical fiber structure is characterized in that few-mode optical fibers are inserted between the multimode optical fibers and the single-mode optical fibers, so that the loss of a high-order mode in the multimode optical fibers is reduced, the coupling efficiency from the multimode optical fibers to the single-mode optical fibers can be effectively improved, and the damage tolerance of equipment is improved. The coupling efficiency of the trapezoidal optical fiber has a great relationship with the optical fiber structure, and the structural layer number and the optical fiber length directly determine the coupling efficiency and the sensitivity to the coupling angle of the trapezoidal optical fiber. Compared with the traditional split lens coupling, the trapezoidal optical fiber structure has higher coupling efficiency, and can improve the coupling efficiency from the multimode optical fiber to the single-mode optical fiber from 4% without transition to 52%; compared with the tapered optical fiber with high coupling efficiency, the trapezoidal optical fiber has lower process difficulty and better damage resistance, and is more suitable for engineering application.
The coupling efficiency of the trapezoidal optical fiber has a great relationship with the optical fiber structure, and according to the simulation experiment result, the structural layer number and the optical fiber length of the trapezoidal optical fiber directly determine the coupling efficiency and the sensitivity to the coupling angle of the trapezoidal optical fiber. Therefore, in different applications, a trapezoidal optical fiber with adjustable parameters of core diameter, optical fiber length, number of layers of the trapezoidal optical fiber and the like is needed, which is difficult to realize for the conventional SiO2 optical fiber.
The front section of the trapezoidal optical fiber of the embodiment is a multimode optical fiber 5, the middle section is a few-mode optical fiber 6, and the tail section is a single-mode optical fiber 7. The beam waist of the space light is compressed by the self-focusing lens 3, so that the focus of the lens is positioned on the end face of the multimode fiber 5, and the optical signal coupled into the multimode fiber is output from the single-mode fiber after passing through the trapezoidal fiber. The spatial light coupling scheme has a high coupling efficiency due to the large core diameter of the multimode optical fiber 5 and the high coupling efficiency of the trapezoidal optical fiber. Spatial light is compressed by the self-focusing lens 3 and then coupled into the multimode optical fiber 5, the end face of the multimode optical fiber 5 is positioned at the focus of the self-focusing lens 3, the converged light is coupled into the trapezoidal optical fiber, an optical signal is output from the tail section of the coupling structure, and the tail section of the trapezoidal optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber 7.
The trapezoidal optical fiber of the embodiment is provided with a cladding with the radius of 125 mu m, a multimode optical fiber with the core diameter of 100 mu m, a single-mode optical fiber with the core diameter of 10 mu m and a few-mode optical fiber with the core diameter optimization interval of 20-80 mu m. It should be noted that one of the innovative points of the present invention is a trapezoidal optical fiber, the front section of the trapezoidal optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, the tail section is a single mode optical fiber, and the middle section is not limited and is a multimode optical fiber or/and a few-mode optical fiber. Therefore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the trapezoidal optical fiber can be a multimode optical fiber, a few-mode optical fiber, a single-mode optical fiber, or a multimode optical fiber, a few-mode optical fiber, a single-mode optical fiber. The core diameter of the optical fiber is gradually reduced from the front section to the tail section of the trapezoidal optical fiber.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-focusing lens. The self-focusing lens 3 of this embodiment is composed of LiNbO in which a plurality of potential points 2 are densely distributed3Crystal 1. The coupling device is in LiNbO3A plurality of potential points 2 are densely distributed on the crystal 1, and different potential values can be applied to each potential point 2. Because potential differences can be formed between potential points with different potentials, according to the electro-optic effect of the crystal, the refractive index of the crystal is related to the intensity of the applied electric field, and therefore the refractive index distribution of each part of the workbench can be controlled by applying corresponding potentials to the potential points at different positions. Based on the control of the refractive index distribution of each region, the self-focusing lens has different focusing constants and focuses under different potential distributions. In LiNbO3 Potential points 2 are densely distributed on the crystal 1, and the higher the distribution density, the better the optimization effect. The self-focusing lens 3 sets the refractive index to be gradient distribution, so that the focal point of the lens is positioned at the multimode optical fiber 5.
By changing the focusing parameter A of the self-focusing lens by changing the potential distribution, for example, the output power under different A values can be obtained by a computer, the A value corresponding to the maximum output power is obtained, and the lens structure is optimized.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a self-focusing lens, the end surface of the self-focusing lens is a plane and can be directly bonded to the end surface of an optical fiber, the structure is compact, stable and convenient to adjust, the coupling loss of the self-focusing lens can be less than 0.5dB after reflection reduction measures are taken on each optical surface, and the coupling loss is basically independent of the lens spacing (<20mm) and the mode power distribution in the optical fiber.
The refractive index of the self-focusing lens is
Wherein n is0Is the refractive index of the lens axis, A is the self-focusing lensThe focal constant of the mirror, r, is the off-axis distance.
The focal length of the self-focusing lens is
There is a relationship between the incident spot radius R and the emergent spot radius R
Wherein NAs is the numerical aperture corresponding to the output field angle of the light source, L is the distance from the light source to the self-focusing lens, and L is the distance from the emergent end face to the self-focusing lens. The above formula shows that the size of the spot radius of the receiving end surface is directly related to the distance between the incident end surface and the receiving end surface, and when the length of the self-focusing lens is short, the focal point of the self-focusing lens can be in the lens.
The self-focusing lens module utilizes a computer to give corresponding potential value to the edge of the lens, and potential difference formed between potential points acts on LiNbO3On the crystal, the refractive index gradient distribution in different areas is finally realized. By utilizing the special distribution of the refractive index, the light can realize the focusing of the light spot with low divergence angle. When the electric potential is fed back, the focusing constant can be regulated and controlled by controlling the regional distribution condition of the refractive index.
In the invention, the space light self-adaptive coupling device based on the crystal electro-optic effect is utilized to realize high-efficiency automatic coupling. The space light is coupled to a focus after the beam waist is compressed by the self-focusing lens, and the coupling light spot falls on the end face of the front section multimode fiber of the trapezoidal fiber. The transition of the signal light coupled to the multimode fiber through the few-mode fiber reduces the mode loss, and the signal light is finally output through the single-mode fiber. According to a corresponding algorithm, the potential of each potential point can be adjusted, so that parameters such as a focusing constant of the self-focusing lens are optimized in real time, and the coupling efficiency of the space light is improved.
The space light self-adaptive coupling device based on the crystal electro-optic effect and the implementation method thereof have wide application prospects in the fields of fiber lasers, space light communication and astronomical observation.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising … …" or "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element. Further, herein, "greater than," "less than," "more than," and the like are understood to exclude the present numbers; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are to be understood as including the number.
Although the embodiments have been described, once the basic inventive concept is obtained, other variations and modifications of these embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art, so that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the contents of the present specification and drawings, or any other related technical fields, which are directly or indirectly applied thereto, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A space light self-adaptive coupling device based on a crystal electro-optic effect is characterized by comprising a self-focusing lens, a supporting platform and a trapezoidal optical fiber, wherein the self-focusing lens adopts LiNbO3The trapezoidal optical fiber is made of crystals, the diameter of the optical fiber core of the trapezoidal optical fiber is gradually reduced from the front section to the tail section, the trapezoidal optical fiber comprises at least three sections of optical fibers, wherein the front section is a multimode optical fiberThe tail section is a single-mode optical fiber, the front end of the multimode optical fiber is positioned at the focus of the self-focusing lens, and the trapezoidal optical fiber is arranged on the supporting platform; the front section of the trapezoidal optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, the middle section of the trapezoidal optical fiber is a few-mode optical fiber, and the tail section of the trapezoidal optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber.
2. The spatial light adaptive coupling device based on the crystal electro-optic effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trapezoidal optical fiber is provided with a cladding radius of 125 μm, a core diameter of a multimode optical fiber of 100 μm, a core diameter of a single mode optical fiber of 10 μm, and a core diameter of a few-mode optical fiber of 20-80 μm.
3. The crystal electro-optic effect-based spatial light adaptive coupling device according to claim 1, wherein the LiNbO3A plurality of potential points are densely distributed on the crystal, and different potential values are applied to the potential points.
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| CN103368069A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 福州高意通讯有限公司 | A laser device structure for reducing high-order mode |
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| CN109459824A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-12 | 长春理工大学 | It can be improved the two-stage space optical coupling device of single mode optical fiber space optical coupling efficiency |
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Effective date of registration: 20230418 Address after: Zone A, No. 8 Gaoying Road, National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, Beizhaokou Town, Jinnan District, Tianjin City, 300000, 2001-75 Patentee after: Tianjin Huanyu Xingtong Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 300071 Tianjin City, Nankai District Wei Jin Road No. 94 Patentee before: NANKAI University |