CN111562157A - Specimen manufacturing process capable of keeping original state of field soil profile - Google Patents
Specimen manufacturing process capable of keeping original state of field soil profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN111562157A CN111562157A CN202010589740.9A CN202010589740A CN111562157A CN 111562157 A CN111562157 A CN 111562157A CN 202010589740 A CN202010589740 A CN 202010589740A CN 111562157 A CN111562157 A CN 111562157A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/364—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples using resins, epoxy
Abstract
The invention provides a specimen manufacturing process for keeping the original state of a field soil profile, which comprises the following key steps: the specimen frame is made of stainless steel, one side of an opening of the frame is closed, one side of the opening of the frame is provided with a folded edge which is bent inwards, and the inner side of the folded edge vertically extends towards the bottom of the frame to form a bent edge; selecting typical soil species with bright soil color and clear soil layer structure, embedding the specimen frame into a soil body, and stripping the original soil body by using a profile soil cutter; a3.0 cm sample soil layer is reserved by adopting a horizontal and thin face cutting mode, so that the soil among different soil layers is prevented from jumping. Before the specimen is glued, the water content of 0-1cm surface soil is controlled to be about 20 percent; and gluing the ultra-clear epoxy resin AB glue for 3 times, keeping the thickness of the AB glue layer of 0.3 cm on the surface layer of the soil specimen after molding, and enabling the whole surface to be clear and bright without bubbles. The specimen frame developed by the invention has light weight and strong bearing performance, the integral integrity of the soil section is kept, and the provided manufacturing process can better keep the original color of the soil section and achieve the purposes of clear soil layer and no crack on the section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a specimen manufacturing process for keeping the original state of a field soil profile.
Background
The soil profile specimen is a longitudinal section specimen which is from surface soil to core soil and traverses the whole soil profile, and provides a physical platform for scientific research, popular science display and popularization of soil knowledge after field collection and manufacture. The soil whole section specimen is a soil product which is processed and manufactured by generally selecting a soil section with a stronger representative, collecting continuous soil section samples with a certain size and shape according to the specified size of a soil collection box and reflecting the whole section state of the soil section and the original structure of the soil body.
Anhui agricultural science can be retrieved from the national network [2007, 35 (2): 10394, 10399 discloses a method for analyzing soil specimen and whole specimen collection and preparation proposed by willow, etc., which is slightly modified based on the 'plate bottom binding thin layer soil whole specimen method' invented by Chenjia chain and Davinland in the geographical system of university of south China, and the invention connects the panel and the side plate together and implements folding. The method has the defects that 1, the method needs to excavate and repair the earth pillar in advance, on one hand, the method is large in labor cost, and on the other hand, the effect is poor, and the periphery is difficult to achieve to be smooth; 2. the method needs to drill holes according to different types of soil, and is not easy to operate.
From the national grid, soil can be retrieved [2015, 47 (6): 1209 Sushinglin et al published 'collection, preparation and display of regional soil specimens', the sampling method has disadvantages, firstly, because the method adopts wood materials, if the sand soil can be directly pressed in, but for southern dry land red soil, the soil is hard and can not be directly pressed in, secondly, for paddy field soil specimens, because the water content of the soil specimens is high, the wood materials are easy to cause enzyme generation and rot; secondly, because the method uses the newspaper to wrap the soil column and the soil-picking box together and uses the bandage or the rope to fix, and then the soil column is put down backwards slightly, the method is easy to cause the fracture or the falling of the soil section because of the infirm fixation.
Patent application No. 201410406082.X, title of the invention (specimen box and preparation monolith of sandy soil monolith) caohausen et al, which provides "specimen box and preparation monolith of sandy soil monolith", has disadvantages, and firstly, because the method adopts a sectional type specimen box, the integrity of the soil section is damaged. Secondly, if the sandy soil can be directly pressed in, but for southern dry land soil, the sandy soil cannot be directly pressed in due to the hard soil, so that the soil section is inconvenient to collect. The method uses the acrylic resin and water to mix and prepare, different proportions need to be prepared according to different types of soil, the operation is complex, the proportions are not easy to control, the soil profile is not transparent enough, and the ornamental surface is fuzzy.
Compared with other forms of soil samples, the traditional manufacturing process of the soil profile specimen has the advantages that the whole section specimen of the soil is difficult to collect, is easy to damage and is difficult to store. The traditional soil profile specimen collection mainly uses a wooden frame. In the process of collecting a sample of a soil profile, the collecting equipment cannot effectively support the outer vertical surface of the soil column, so that the sample is easy to break and collapse when being stripped from the soil body. In the later specimen making process, methods such as drilling, filling a wooden frame and the like are adopted. The processing method is easy to damage the sample, is not easy to carry and break, has damaged soil structure and cannot preserve the original sample.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention improves the problems, namely the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the soil body is easy to break and collapse when being stripped in the existing soil specimen collecting process. In the later specimen making process, methods such as drilling, filling a wooden frame and the like are adopted. The handling method is easy to damage the sample, is not easy to carry and is easy to break.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows: a specimen manufacturing process for keeping the original state of a field soil profile specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a specimen frame: manufacturing a cuboid frame, wherein one side of an opening of the frame is closed, one side of the opening of the frame is provided with a folded edge bent towards the inner side, and the inner side of the folded edge vertically extends towards the bottom of the frame to form a bent edge;
(2) collecting samples in the field: selecting typical soil species with bright colors and clear soil layers, digging an acquisition operation platform, cutting an acquired surface in the operation platform surface, embedding soil mass into one side of an opening of a specimen frame, stripping the original soil mass by using a profile soil cutter, and tightly binding the soil specimen frame by using a film and an adhesive tape;
(3) treating the surface soil of the specimen: cutting redundant soil blocks by a stainless steel cutter, wherein when the cutter is used for cutting soil, a horizontal and thin surface cutting mode is adopted, and longitudinal cutting and deep cutting are not adopted, so that soil layers among different soil layers are prevented from jumping; the specimen should be preserved at a constant temperature of 25 deg.C and air humidity controlled below 60%.
(4) Controlling moisture: before the specimen is glued, the water content of 0-1cm surface soil is enabled to be about 20% by adopting a natural drying or electric hair drier mode;
(5) sample gluing: adopting ultra-clear type epoxy resin AB glue with the weight ratio of 3:1, placing a container in a constant-temperature water bath at 60-70 ℃ when the AB glue is mixed and stirred, and fully stirring mixed liquid to avoid suspended impurities in a medium;
the specimen gluing is divided into 3 procedures, and first slow-drying type AB glue is prepared and slowly and uniformly covered on the surface layer of the soil specimen; after the first slow-drying AB glue is completely infiltrated into the soil layer, standing for 10 hours, and then pouring a second slow-drying AB glue; and standing for 10 hours after the second slow-drying type AB glue covers the first slow-drying type AB glue and wraps all soil layers, filling a third fast-drying type AB glue, and keeping a 0.3 cm-thick AB glue layer on the surface layer of the molded soil specimen, wherein the whole surface is clear and bright and has no bubbles.
Furthermore, the specimen frame is made of 304 stainless steel materials, the length of the specimen frame is 100cm, the width of the specimen frame is 20cm, the height of the specimen frame is 4cm, the width of the folded edge is 1.5 cm, and the width of the folded edge is 1.0 cm.
Further, the collection operation platform in the step (2) is 1m long, 1m wide and 1.2m deep, the thickness of the soil layer taken by the sample frame is 8cm, and the final thickness of the soil layer obtained by cutting the redundant soil blocks in the step (3) is 3.5 cm.
Furthermore, the dosage of the first slow-drying type AB glue is 500ml, and the dosage of the second slow-drying type AB glue is 300 ml.
Further, in the step (4), the moisture is controlled, the moisture content of the surface soil with the thickness of 0-1cm is more than 20%, and the original color of the field soil can be kept; the water content of the soil is lower than 15%, and the color of the soil is changed; the water content of the soil is lower than 10%, and the soil is easy to crack. In different soil layers, the water content of soil is greatly different, and when the water content of soil is below 20%, the soil is covered by a preservative film to prevent the water from evaporating.
Further, in the step (5), selecting ultra clear glue, and in the first slow-drying type AB glue blending, adopting an epoxy curing agent as a B glue curing agent; the solidification time of the mixed solution is 48 hours; the setting time of the mixed solution is 48h in the second process, and the setting time of the mixed solution is 24h in the third process.
Furthermore, the section soil cutter in the step (2) comprises a cutting plate with the bottom used for being inserted into soil, a pair of support rods are longitudinally fixed on the upper portion of the cutting plate, a load-bearing rod is fixedly connected between the tops of the support rods, and the load-bearing rod is knocked by a hammer to enable the cutting plate to be attached to the inner side of the frame body to cut the soil section downwards.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the specimen frame used in the invention is convenient to use, can be suitable for various soils, reduces the time for repairing the soil column, and can ensure that the soil column does not drop or break in the stripping process of the soil profile specimen and the soil body. The integrity of the field soil profile sample can be kept by utilizing the soil profile sample surface frame in the soil sample sampling process, and the carrying is convenient. The integrity and intuition of soil property can be kept, excellent physical conditions are provided for intuitive soil teaching and scientific research, and a physical platform is provided for soil display and popularization of soil knowledge. The AB glue blending method is simple and easy to understand, can reach certain hardness after being cured, has high transparency, and is convenient to carry and carry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structural states of a specimen preparation frame and an excavated soil fault formation collection surface according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle part of the specimen frame according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cross-sectional earth cutter of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a surface frame of a soil profile specimen with a soil profile specimen according to the present invention.
In the figure: 10-collection surface, 20-specimen frame, 210-folding edge, 220-turning edge, 30-section soil cutter, 310-cutting plate, 320-supporting rod and 330-bearing rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a specimen preparation process for keeping the original shape of a field soil profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a specimen frame: adopt 304 stainless steel material, thickness 1.0mpa, specimen frame specification: the length is 100cm, the width is 20cm, and the height is 4 cm. The specimen frame 20 is a rectangular whole, one side of the frame is provided with an opening, the opening is closed, one side of the frame is provided with a folded edge bent towards the inner side, the inner side of the folded edge is vertically extended towards the bottom of the frame to form a folded edge, the folded edge is convenient to carry, transport and operate in the field, the width of the folded edge 210 is 1.5 cm, and the width of the folded edge 220 is 1.0 cm.
Manufacturing a rectangular frame, wherein one side of the frame is open and one side of the frame is closed; 1.5 cm stainless steel edges are reserved on the periphery of the specimen frame, and meanwhile, the turning edges of 1.0 cm are folded inwards, so that the specimen frame can bear the weight of soil mass above 30kg, the stainless steel panel is prevented from collapsing or deforming, the soil mass is not easy to break in the process of carrying the specimen frame, and the minimum weight of the specimen frame is realized.
(2) Collecting samples in the field: selecting typical soil species with bright colors and clear soil layers, digging a standard collection operation platform with the length of 1m, the width of 1m and the depth of 1.2m, cutting a collection surface 10 suitable for the inner diameter of the sample frame, embedding the sample frame into a soil body, stripping the original soil body by using a section soil cutter 30, wherein the thickness of the soil layer taken by the soil sample frame is 8cm, and tightly binding the soil sample frame by using a film and an adhesive tape.
The section soil cutter in the step (2) comprises a cutting plate 310 with the bottom used for being inserted into soil, a pair of support rods 320 are longitudinally fixed on the upper portion of the cutting plate, a load-bearing rod 330 is fixedly connected between the tops of the support rods, and the load-bearing rod is knocked by a hammer to enable the cutting plate to be attached to the inner side of the frame body to cut the soil section downwards.
(3) Treating the surface soil of the specimen: cutting off redundant soil blocks by using a stainless steel cutter, wherein the final soil layer thickness kept by the soil specimen is 3.5 cm; when the cutter is used for cutting soil, a horizontal and thin surface cutting mode is adopted, longitudinal cutting and deep cutting are not required, and soil layer shifting between different soil layers is prevented. The specimen should be preserved at a constant temperature of 25 deg.C and air humidity controlled below 60%.
(4) Controlling moisture: before the specimen is glued, the surface soil with the water content of 0-1cm has the water content of about 20 percent, and the method of natural drying or electric hair drier and the like is adopted.
(5) Sample gluing: when the ultra-clear epoxy resin AB adhesive is adopted, the weight ratio of the AB adhesive is 3:1, and the AB adhesive is mixed and stirred, a container is placed in a constant-temperature water bath at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, and the mixed solution is stirred fully, so that suspended impurities in the medium are avoided. The specimen gluing is divided into 3 procedures, the first slow-drying type AB glue is prepared in an amount of about 500ml, and the first slow-drying type AB glue is slowly and uniformly covered on the surface layer of the specimen; after the first AB glue is completely infiltrated into the soil layer, 300ml of second slow-drying AB glue is poured; and after the second AB glue layer is basically infiltrated into the soil layer, filling a third quick-drying AB glue layer, keeping the AB glue layer with the thickness of 0.3 cm on the surface layer of the molded soil specimen, and ensuring that the whole surface is clear and bright without bubbles and the like.
In the embodiment, in the step (3), the excessive soil is cut by the cutter to ensure that the plane of the soil layer is 0.5 cm lower than the frame, and when the soil layer is cut by the cutter, the soil layer is horizontally cut and not longitudinally cut, so that the layer shifting of different soil layers is prevented, and the division of the soil layer is influenced; the method is characterized in that thin surface cutting is not easy to deeply cut, excessive cutting is mainly prevented, samples are damaged, glue in the step (5) is clear and transparent, the influence of air suspension and foam on the surface of a soil profile sample in the later period is prevented, gluing is performed immediately after the glue is blended, the glue is prevented from solidifying, when the glue pouring body is manufactured, soil around a frame body is wiped completely by soft cloth, the effect of glue pouring and the frame of stainless steel with patterns are prevented from being influenced, the frame of the soil profile sample surface is placed on a horizontal table during gluing, the glue is prevented from dripping on the frame body of the soil profile sample surface frame and is slowly, uniformly and slightly poured on the sample profile, the glue is allowed to permeate and diffuse to the whole sample profile as far as possible, the glue is poured continuously until the chromaticity of the soil profile is smooth and bright, a protective plate or a protective film is covered on the glue surface after the glue pouring is finished, so that winged insects and other objects are prevented from falling in, then the product is placed in a shady place for ventilation and drying, and is stored indoors to avoid high-temperature insolation.
Any embodiment disclosed herein above is meant to disclose, unless otherwise indicated, all numerical ranges disclosed as being preferred, and any person skilled in the art would understand that: the preferred ranges are merely those values which are obvious or representative of the technical effect which can be achieved. Since the numerical values are too numerous to be exhaustive, some of the numerical values are disclosed in the present invention to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above-mentioned numerical values should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
If the invention discloses or relates to parts or structures which are fixedly connected to each other, the fixedly connected parts can be understood as follows, unless otherwise stated: a detachable fixed connection (for example using bolts or screws) is also understood as: non-detachable fixed connections (e.g. riveting, welding), but of course, fixed connections to each other may also be replaced by one-piece structures (e.g. manufactured integrally using a casting process) (unless it is obviously impossible to use an integral forming process).
In addition, terms used in any technical solutions disclosed in the present invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include approximate, similar or approximate states or shapes unless otherwise stated.
Any part provided by the invention can be assembled by a plurality of independent components or can be manufactured by an integral forming process.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A specimen manufacturing process for keeping the original state of a field soil profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a specimen frame: manufacturing a cuboid frame, wherein one side of an opening of the frame is closed, one side of the opening of the frame is provided with a folded edge bent towards the inner side, and the inner side of the folded edge vertically extends towards the bottom of the frame to form a bent edge;
(2) collecting samples in the field: selecting typical soil species with bright colors and clear soil layers, digging an acquisition operation platform, cutting an acquired surface in the operation platform surface, embedding soil mass into one side of an opening of a specimen frame, stripping the original soil mass by using a profile soil cutter, and tightly binding the soil specimen frame by using a film and an adhesive tape;
(3) treating the surface soil of the specimen: cutting redundant soil blocks by a stainless steel cutter, wherein when the cutter is used for cutting soil, a horizontal and thin surface cutting mode is adopted, and longitudinal cutting and deep cutting are not adopted, so that soil layers among different soil layers are prevented from jumping; the specimen should be preserved at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ and the air humidity is controlled below 60%;
(4) controlling moisture: before the specimen is glued, the water content of 0-1cm surface soil is enabled to be about 20% by adopting a natural drying or electric hair drier mode;
(5) sample gluing: adopting ultra-clear type epoxy resin AB glue with the weight ratio of 3:1, placing a container in a constant-temperature water bath at 60-70 ℃ when the AB glue is mixed and stirred, and fully stirring mixed liquid to avoid suspended impurities in a medium;
the specimen gluing is divided into 3 procedures, and first slow-drying type AB glue is prepared and slowly and uniformly covered on the surface layer of the soil specimen; after the first slow-drying AB glue is completely infiltrated into the soil layer, standing for 10 hours, and then pouring a second slow-drying AB glue; and standing for 10 hours after the second slow-drying type AB glue covers the first slow-drying type AB glue and wraps all soil layers, filling a third fast-drying type AB glue, and keeping a 0.3 cm-thick AB glue layer on the surface layer of the molded soil specimen, wherein the whole surface is clear and bright and has no bubbles.
2. The specimen preparation process for keeping an original shape of a field soil section as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specimen frame is made of 304 stainless steel, and has a length of 100cm, a width of 20cm and a height of 4cm, the width of the folded edge is 1.5 cm, and the width of the bent edge is 1.0 cm.
3. The specimen preparation process for keeping an original shape of a field soil section according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the collection operation platform in the step (2) is 1m long, 1m wide and 1.2m deep, the thickness of the soil layer taken by the specimen frame is 8cm, and the final thickness of the soil layer obtained by cutting the redundant soil block soil specimen in the step (3) is 3.5 cm.
4. The specimen preparation process for keeping an original state of a field soil profile as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dosage of the first slow-drying type AB glue is 500ml, and the dosage of the second slow-drying type AB glue is 300 ml.
5. The specimen preparation process for keeping the original shape of the field soil section as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the moisture is controlled, the surface soil with the moisture content of 0-1cm is more than 20%, and the original color and luster of the field soil can be kept; the water content of the soil is lower than 15%, and the color of the soil is changed; the water content of the soil is lower than 10%, and the soil is easy to crack; in different soil layers, the water content of soil is greatly different, and when the water content of soil is below 20%, the soil is covered by a preservative film to prevent the water from evaporating.
6. The specimen preparation process for keeping the original shape of a field soil profile according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), ultra-clear glue is selected, and in the first slow-dry type AB glue preparation, an epoxy curing agent is adopted as a B glue curing agent; the solidification time of the mixed solution is 48 hours; the setting time of the mixed solution is 48h in the second process, and the setting time of the mixed solution is 24h in the third process.
7. The specimen preparation process of claim 1, wherein the profile cutting device in step (2) comprises a cutting plate with a bottom for inserting into soil, a pair of support rods are longitudinally fixed on the upper part of the cutting plate, a bearing rod is fixedly connected between the tops of the support rods, and the cutting plate is knocked by a hammer to cut the soil profile downwards along the inner side of the frame.
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| CN114486448A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-13 | 南京工程学院 | Method for manufacturing multi-angle V or U-shaped cracks of stretched soil sample |
| CN115420543A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-02 | 华中农业大学 | Method for collecting field clayey soil monolith |
| CN115420543B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2024-04-19 | 华中农业大学 | Method for collecting whole section of specimen of field cohesive soil |
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