CN111560545A - Rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing - Google Patents
Rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing, relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy and 3D printing, and solves the problems that the requirement of civil fields and the like on a high-strength aluminum alloy for 3D printing is met, and a rare earth-free high-strength aluminum alloy material suitable for 3D printing needs to be developed urgently. The aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mn: 2.5-4.5%, Mg: 1.5 to 9.5 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements; or Mn: 4.5% -6.0%, Mg: 1.5 to 7.5 percent. The alloy of the invention can realize excellent strength or plasticity, and compared with Al-Mg-Sc-Zr aluminum alloy, the alloy can save rare earth resources and greatly reduce the cost of raw materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy and 3D printing, in particular to a rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing.
Background
The aluminum alloy has excellent performances of high specific stiffness, high specific strength, low density and the like, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry and the like, but the traditional casting, forging, machining and other methods cannot meet the machining requirements of complex aluminum alloy parts. Therefore, the metal 3D printing technology having the capability of directly forming complex parts has been rapidly developed in recent years, and the aluminum alloy 3D printing technology represented by AlSi10Mg alloy has been widely used in various fields. However, the AlSi10Mg has a low mechanical property, and cannot be qualified in the working scene of high-strength aluminum alloy, so that a novel high-strength aluminum alloy oriented to a 3D printing technology needs to be vigorously developed.
In the development aspect of novel high-strength aluminum alloy, scandium-containing aluminum alloy is developed most rapidly, and the alloy generally takes aluminum as a matrix and takes scandium element and zirconium element as grain refiners, so that a 3D printing aluminum alloy material with a fine grain structure is obtained. And scandium element and zirconium element are important precipitation strengthening phase forming elements, and strengthening phases which are from several nanometers to dozens of nanometers and are distributed in a dispersed manner can be obtained through solid solution aging or direct aging, so that the alloy performance is further improved, and the tensile strength of the alloy can exceed 500 MPa. However, scandium used in the alloy is a precious rare earth element, and the price of the raw material of the alloy is tens of times of that of the common aluminum alloy, so that the application range of the alloy is greatly limited. In order to meet the requirement of civil fields and the like on high-strength aluminum alloy for 3D printing, the development of a rare-earth-free high-strength aluminum alloy material suitable for 3D printing is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the demand of the fields of civil use and the like for the high-strength aluminum alloy for 3D printing urgently needs to develop a rare earth-free high-strength aluminum alloy material suitable for 3D printing, so that the invention provides a rare earth-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing, which has excellent mechanical properties and good forming characteristics.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 2.5% -7.5%, Mg: 1.5 to 9.5 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 2.5-4.5%, Mg: 1.5 to 9.5 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 4.5% -6.0%, Mg: 1.5 to 7.0 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 6.0-7.5%, Mg: 1.5 to 4.5 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the total content of Mn and Mg is less than 14 percent, the total content of impurity elements is less than 0.5 percent, and the balance is Al.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 3.7%, Mg: 8.0 percent, 0.32 percent of total weight of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 5.8%, Mg: 4.1 percent, 0.29 percent of total weight of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 6.8%, Mg: 1.9 percent, 0.34 percent of the total weight of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 2.5%, Mg: 9.3 percent, 0.37 percent of total weight of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 4.6%, Mg: 5.2 percent, 0.11 percent of total weight percentage of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 6.6%, Mg: 8.2 percent, less than 0.2 percent of impurity elements in total weight percentage and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the impurity elements include Fe, Si, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sn, and O.
The reasonable control of the content of the impurity elements can ensure the performance stability of the alloy.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
selecting required components for proportioning according to the component range; during the material preparation, electrolytic aluminum, intermediate alloy and other raw materials are used, and the raw materials are smelted by resistance heating and other methods to prepare the required alloy.
Then processing the alloy into the required shape and size by casting or machining and other methods according to the requirement of a powder process; then using gas atomization or other suitable powder making technology to make the alloy ingot into alloy powder; and finally, obtaining the powder meeting the 3D printing use requirement through the steps of screening, powder inspection and the like. Or processing the alloy into wire materials (wires) by a preparation method of deformation alloy such as forging, extrusion and the like, and finally obtaining the aluminum alloy wires (wires) with the components and specifications meeting the use requirements of wire-feeding type 3D printing.
The conventional method for 3D printing of aluminum alloys is as follows: taking selective laser melting forming equipment as an example, firstly, putting aluminum powder into a drying oven or a vacuum drying oven protected by inert gas for drying for later use; establishing a three-dimensional model of a part to be processed, adding a support, and slicing and guiding into 3D printing equipment; and selecting proper 3D printing process parameters, and processing the aluminum alloy powder into a target part under a protective atmosphere.
The aluminum alloy can be used in the fields of 3D printing, cladding, surfacing, powder metallurgy, spraying, injection molding and powder forging.
In the invention, the Mn content of the existing aluminum alloy is usually lower than 2%, the composition design is limited by the lower cooling rate of the traditional process, and when the Mn content is too high, coarse compounds are easily formed, thus the strength and the plasticity of the alloy are deteriorated. The invention designs a novel aluminum alloy with Mn element content higher than 2% for the processing characteristics of 3D printing. In the 3D printing process, partial Mn element is solidified in the form of an aluminum-manganese compound before Al phase, and the effect of grain refinement can be achieved, so that the strength and the plasticity of the alloy are improved, and the cracking tendency of the alloy is reduced; due to the characteristic of rapid cooling of 3D printing, part of Mn element is in solid solution in Al phase in the form of supersaturated solid solution, so that the solid solution strengthening effect is achieved; due to the rapid cooling characteristic of 3D printing, the manganese element in the alloy can not form a coarse compound, so that the performance deterioration is avoided.
The alloy of the invention takes Mn element and Mg element as main alloy elements, and the two alloy elements are in the component range given by the invention, which can greatly improve the strength of an aluminum matrix and simultaneously keep certain plasticity of the aluminum matrix. As a common alloying element for aluminum alloy, the process for adding Mn element and Mg element has extremely high feasibility.
The Mn element content in the alloy is high, and the alloy can play a certain grain refinement role in the 3D printing process, so that the plasticity of the alloy is improved.
In the alloy, Al is used as a matrix element, Mg and Mn are used as alloy elements, and the alloy can be ensured to have better 3D printing forming performance and excellent mechanical properties by reasonably setting the contents of Mg and Mn and controlling impurity elements within a reasonable range.
Compared with the existing 3D printing high-strength aluminum alloy, the alloy does not contain rare earth elements such as scandium and the like, and the main alloy elements are commonly used magnesium and manganese, so that the alloy has good economical efficiency.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the alloy disclosed by the invention can realize excellent strength or plasticity, does not contain rare earth elements such as scandium and the like compared with the alloy such as Al-Mg-Sc-Zr, and can greatly reduce the alloy cost. The invention utilizes the synergistic strengthening effect of Mg and Mn elements, greatly improves the alloy strength and simultaneously enables the alloy to keep a certain elongation.
2. Compared with AlSi10Mg alloy, the alloy of the invention has tensile strength and yield strength improved by about 100MPa under the condition that the plasticity is similar to that of the alloy, and can be used for more important force-bearing members.
3. The alloy has good process feasibility and certain plasticity, and has the defects of difficult crack formation and the like in the printing process, and provides a new choice for 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloy and a new alloy design idea.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph of engineering stress strain for example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangements of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any inventive changes, are within the scope of the present invention.
The rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 2.5% -7.5%, Mg: 1.5 to 9.5 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 2.5-4.5%, Mg: 1.5 to 9.5 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 4.5% -6.0%, Mg: 1.5 to 7.0 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 6.0-7.5%, Mg: 1.5 to 4.5 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the total content of Mn and Mg is less than 14 percent, the total content of impurity elements is less than 0.5 percent, and the balance is Al.
Example 1:
the rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 2.5%, Mg: 9.3 percent, 0.37 percent of total weight of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Example 2:
the rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 3.7%, Mg: 8.0 percent, 0.32 percent of total weight of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Example 3:
the rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 5.8%, Mg: 4.1 percent, 0.29 percent of total weight of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Example 4:
the rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 6.8%, Mg: 1.9 percent, 0.34 percent of the total weight of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Example 5:
the rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 4.6%, Mg: 5.2 percent, 0.11 percent of total weight percentage of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Example 6:
the rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 2.8%, Mg: 1.7 percent, 0.43 percent of total weight percentage of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Example 7:
the rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 3.3%, Mg: 3.8 percent, 0.36 percent of total weight percentage of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the impurity elements include Fe, Si, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sn, and O.
The reasonable control of the content of the impurity elements can ensure the performance stability of the alloy.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
selecting required components for proportioning according to the component range; during the material preparation, electrolytic aluminum, intermediate alloy and other raw materials are used, and the raw materials are smelted by resistance heating and other methods to prepare the required alloy.
Then processing the alloy into the required shape and size by casting or machining and other methods according to the requirement of a powder process; then using gas atomization or other suitable powder making technology to make the alloy ingot into alloy powder; and finally, obtaining the powder meeting the 3D printing use requirement through the steps of screening, powder inspection and the like. Or processing the alloy into wire materials (wires) by a preparation method of deformation alloy such as forging, extrusion and the like, and finally obtaining the aluminum alloy wires (wires) with the components and specifications meeting the use requirements of wire-feeding type 3D printing.
The conventional method for 3D printing of aluminum alloys is as follows: taking selective laser melting forming equipment as an example, firstly, putting aluminum powder into a drying oven or a vacuum drying oven protected by inert gas for drying for later use; establishing a three-dimensional model of a part to be processed, adding a support, and slicing and guiding into 3D printing equipment; and selecting proper 3D printing process parameters, and processing the aluminum alloy powder into a target part under a protective atmosphere.
The aluminum alloy can be used in the fields of 3D printing, cladding, surfacing, powder metallurgy, spraying, injection molding and powder forging.
The alloy of the invention takes Mn element and Mg element as main alloy elements, and the two alloy elements are in the component range given by the invention, which can greatly improve the strength of an aluminum matrix and simultaneously keep certain plasticity of the aluminum matrix. As a common alloying element for aluminum alloy, the process for adding Mn element and Mg element has extremely high feasibility.
The Mn element content in the alloy is high, and the alloy can play a certain grain refinement role in the 3D printing process, so that the plasticity of the alloy is improved.
In the alloy, Al is used as a matrix element, Mg and Mn are used as alloy elements, and the alloy can be ensured to have better 3D printing forming performance and excellent mechanical properties by reasonably setting the contents of Mg and Mn and controlling impurity elements within a reasonable range.
Compared with the existing 3D printing high-strength aluminum alloy, the alloy does not contain rare earth elements such as scandium and the like, and the main alloy elements are commonly used magnesium and manganese, so that the alloy has good economical efficiency.
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example is based on example 1, the main difference with example 1 being:
Mn：1.1％，Mg：13.5％。
comparative example 2:
this comparative example is based on example 2, the main difference with example 2 being:
Mn：3.4％，Mg：11.2％。
comparative example 3:
this comparative example is based on example 3, the main difference with example 3 being:
Mn：9.6％，Mg：4.3％。
comparative example 4:
this comparative example is based on example 4, the main difference with example 4 being:
Mn：1.3％，Mg：1.0％。
comparative example 5:
this comparative example is based on example 5, the main difference with example 5 being:
the total weight percentage of the impurity elements is 1.1 percent.
The aluminum alloys described in examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-5 are processed into block-shaped samples by a suitable 3D printing process on selective laser melting forming equipment, and then the samples are processed into rod-shaped tensile samples and tested for mechanical properties. Wherein, the comparative examples 1 and 2 are difficult to form, are not suitable for 3D printing and cannot obtain mechanical property data; other test results are shown in table 1:
from the data in the table it can be seen that:
1. from the examples 1 to 7, it can be seen that the alloy of the present invention has good forming characteristics, and 3D printing samples can be successfully prepared for mechanical property tests; the test result shows that the alloy has excellent tensile strength and yield strength, the elongation rate of the alloy is superior to 5 percent, and the alloy can be used for engineering application.
2. As can be seen from comparative examples 1 to 4, when the contents of Mg, Mn elements significantly deviate from the ranges described in the present invention, both comparative examples 1 and 2 are difficult to form and are not suitable for 3D printing; the strength and plasticity of comparative example 3 are significantly reduced compared to example 3; comparative example 4 is very plastic, but both the tensile strength and yield strength are much later than the alloy of the present invention.
3. As can be seen from comparative example 5, when the content of impurity elements is significantly higher than the range of the present invention, the plasticity of the alloy of comparative example 5 is significantly reduced compared to that of example 5.
4. In the embodiment, multiple sets of orthogonal experiments are adopted, so that the data range is reduced.
Example 2 room temperature tensile testing was performed after 3D printing, with elongation near 7% and engineering stress strain curves as shown in figure 1.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The aluminum alloy for 3D printing without the rare earth elements is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 2.5% -7.5%, Mg: 1.5 to 9.5 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
2. The rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 2.5-4.5%, Mg: 1.5 to 9.5 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
3. The rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 4.5% -6.0%, Mg: 1.5 to 7.0 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
4. The rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 6.0-7.5%, Mg: 1.5 to 4.5 percent, and the balance of Al and impurity elements.
5. A rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the total content of Mn and Mg is less than 14 percent, the total content of impurity elements is less than 0.5 percent, and the balance is Al.
6. The rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing according to claim 4, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 6.8%, Mg: 1.9 percent, 0.34 percent of the total weight of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
7. The rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 2.5%, Mg: 9.3 percent, 0.37 percent of total weight of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
8. The rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing according to claim 3, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 4.6%, Mg: 5.2 percent, 0.11 percent of total weight percentage of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
9. The rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
mn: 6.6%, Mg: 8.2 percent, less than 0.2 percent of impurity elements in total weight percentage and the balance of Al.
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| CN202010631377.2A CN111560545A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing |
| PCT/CN2020/125160 WO2022000893A1 (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-10-30 | Rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3d printing |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022000893A1 (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-06 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3d printing |
| WO2022122670A1 (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-16 | Höganäs Ab (Publ) | New powder, method for additive manufacturing of components made from the new powder and article made therefrom |
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| JPH01294839A (en) * | 1988-05-20 | 1989-11-28 | Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd | Aluminum alloy member having high strength and superior forgeability |
| CN109175350A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-11 | 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 | A kind of Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr Al alloy powder and preparation method thereof for increasing material manufacturing |
| CN111168054A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-19 | 中南大学 | Special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for high-strength aluminum alloy 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CA2978329A1 (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-09-15 | Arconic Inc. | Aluminum alloy products, and methods of making the same |
| US20190040503A1 (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-02-07 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Feedstocks for additive manufacturing, and methods of using the same |
| EP3607103B1 (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2021-06-02 | AMAG casting GmbH | Additive production method, and starting material for same |
| CN111218586A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-06-02 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Scandium-titanium-zirconium-element-containing aluminum alloy for 3D printing |
| CN111560545A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-08-21 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3D printing |
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2020
- 2020-07-03 CN CN202010631377.2A patent/CN111560545A/en active Pending
- 2020-10-30 WO PCT/CN2020/125160 patent/WO2022000893A1/en active Application Filing
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| JPH01294839A (en) * | 1988-05-20 | 1989-11-28 | Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd | Aluminum alloy member having high strength and superior forgeability |
| CN109175350A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-11 | 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 | A kind of Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr Al alloy powder and preparation method thereof for increasing material manufacturing |
| CN111168054A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-19 | 中南大学 | Special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for high-strength aluminum alloy 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022000893A1 (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-06 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Rare earth element-free aluminum alloy for 3d printing |
| WO2022122670A1 (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-16 | Höganäs Ab (Publ) | New powder, method for additive manufacturing of components made from the new powder and article made therefrom |
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Application publication date: 20200821 |