CN111559148B - 一种高反射率聚酯薄膜、一种高反射型光伏组件背板及一种光伏组件及其应用 - Google Patents
一种高反射率聚酯薄膜、一种高反射型光伏组件背板及一种光伏组件及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种光伏组件背板用聚酯薄膜,尤其是一种高反射率聚酯薄膜、高反射型光伏组件背板及一种光伏组件及其应用。为了解决现有光伏背板用聚酯薄膜反射率低的问题,本发明提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜、一种高反射型光伏组件背板及一种光伏组件及其应用。所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜为ABA三层结构,所述的A层包括聚酯、无机粒子a,所述的B层包括聚酯、无机粒子b、聚烯烃和耐水解剂。所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜在波长400nm‑1200nm的平均反射率为94.5%‑96.5%。所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜应用在光伏组件中,能够提高光伏组件的短路电流密度,提高输出功率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光伏组件背板用聚酯薄膜,尤其是一种高反射率聚酯薄膜、高反射型光伏组件背板及一种光伏组件及其应用。
背景技术
近年来,太阳能电池转换效率不断提升,提升组件转换效率越来越重要,其中提高组件背面的反射率是一大重要措施。
提高组件背面反射率可以通过使用白色EVA实现,但是白色EVA需要大量白色填料添加,白色填料会迁移污染电池片,增加成本同时降低EVA耐老化性能,降低组件寿命。提高组件背面反射率也可以通过提高背板的反射率来实现,提高背板反射率目前主要采用的是添加钛白粉填料,过多的钛白粉加入会导致背板变脆,湿热老化性能差。
另外,随着光伏平价上网的趋势,电站为了提高效率降低成本,逐渐从1000V向1500V转变,这就需要背板具有更好的电绝缘性能。
发明内容
为了解决现有光伏背板用聚酯薄膜反射率低的问题,本发明提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜、一种高反射型光伏组件背板及一种光伏组件及其应用。本发明提供的高反射率聚酯薄膜具有高反射率和优异的湿热老化性能、优异的电绝缘性能,能够很好地应用于1500V电站的光伏组件,使光伏组件具有更高的输出功率、更好的耐候性及耐击穿电压。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用下述技术方案。
本发明提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜为ABA三层结构,A层包括聚酯、和无机粒子a;所述B层包括聚酯、无机粒子b、聚烯烃和耐水解剂。
进一步的,高反射率指反射率高于90%。进一步的,高反射率指反射率高于94%。
进一步的,高反射率指在波长为400nm-1200nm的波段的平均反射率高于90%。进一步的,高反射率指在波长为400nm-1200nm的波段的平均反射率高于94%。
进一步的,所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜在波长为400nm-1200nm的波段的平均反射率为94.5%-96.5%。
进一步的,所述高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为150-300μm,两个A层的厚度占总厚度8-12%,B层的厚度占总厚度的88-92%。击穿电压(油)为20-29kV,断裂伸长率为85-130%。
进一步的,所述高反射率聚酯薄膜经过高压加速湿热老化试验(PCT)48h,断裂伸长率为46%-88%,黄色指数变化小于1。
进一步的,所述的A层包括97.75%-99.55%的聚酯,聚酯选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),0.45%-2.25%的无机粒子a,无机粒子a为二氧化钛;
所述的B层包括75%-89%的聚酯,聚酯选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,5%-15%的无机粒子b,无机粒子b为二氧化钛、碳酸钙中的一种或两种的组合,5%-10%聚烯烃,聚烯烃选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或聚4-甲基戊烯中的一种或至少两种的组合,0.1%-2%耐水解剂,耐水解剂选自碳化二亚胺、二环己基碳二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺、或1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐中的一种或至少两种的组合。
进一步的,所述的B层包括77.4%-88.2%的聚酯,聚酯选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,5%-13%的无机粒子b,无机粒子b为二氧化钛(即钛白粉)、碳酸钙中的一种或两种的组合,5%-10%聚烯烃,聚烯烃选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或聚4-甲基戊烯中的一种或至少两种的组合,0.3%-2%耐水解剂,耐水解剂选自碳化二亚胺、二环己基碳二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺、或1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐中的一种或至少两种的组合。
进一步的,所述的A层包括97.75%-99.55%的聚酯,聚酯选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),0.45%-2.25%的无机粒子a,无机粒子a为二氧化钛;所述的B层包括80%-84.6%的聚酯,聚酯选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,6%-10%的无机粒子b,无机粒子b为二氧化钛,7%-10%聚烯烃,聚烯烃为聚丙烯和聚4-甲基戊烯的组合,0.3%-2%耐水解剂,耐水解剂为碳化二亚胺。进一步的,所述聚烯烃包括3%-5%聚丙烯和3%-7%聚4-甲基戊烯。进一步的,所述高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为150-300μm,两个A层的厚度占总厚度8-11%,B层的厚度占总厚度的89-92%。前述技术方案包括实施例3、实施例10和实施例13。
进一步的,所述无机粒子a的粒径为0.1-0.3μm。
进一步的,所述无机粒子b的粒径为0.1-0.3μm。
本发明还提供一种制备所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚酯切片、含无机粒子a的聚酯切片按照配比加入A挤出机;
(2)将聚酯切片、含无机粒子b的聚酯切片、含聚烯烃的聚酯切片、含耐水解剂的聚酯切片按照配比加入B挤出机;
(3)A层挤出机的熔体和B层挤出机的熔体通过过滤器、计量泵、分配块进入衣架式模头,并进行铸片;
(4)将铸片进行纵向拉伸、横向拉伸、热定型、收卷和分切,制得高反射率聚酯薄膜。
本发明所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜应用于光伏组件背板。本发明所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜也称为光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜。
本发明还提供一种高反射型光伏组件背板,所述的背板包含所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜。
进一步的,高反射型光伏组件背板依次包括上层、中间层和下层;所述中间层选自本发明所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜,所述上层和下层分别选自氟膜、氟涂层或聚烯烃(PO)膜中的一种或至少两种的组合。
本发明还提供一种光伏组件,所述的光伏组件包含玻璃、太阳能电池片、EVA、框架、接线盒及本发明所述的高反射型光伏组件背板。
进一步的,所述的光伏组件可以应用于1500V电站。
与现有技术相比,本发明所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜(简称反射聚酯膜)具有较高的反射率,能够增加光伏组件的短路电流密度及输出功率,成本低,制备简单,同时具有优异的老化性能和电绝缘性能,适用于1500V电站。本发明所述的高反射型光伏组件背板的反射率高、耐候性好及耐击穿电压高。本发明所述的光伏组件的输出功率高,具有更好的耐候性及耐击穿电压,可应用于1500V电站。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的一种高反射率聚酯薄膜的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地,提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本发明公开内容理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在限制本发明。
本发明提供的反射聚酯膜的性能的测试方法如下:
反射率的测定:按照GB/T 3979-2008标准,使用Perkin-Elmer公司的Lambda 950分光光度计测量样品的反射率。
黄色指数的测定:按照GB/T 2409-1980标准,使用Hunterlab公司的UltraScanVIS色差仪,测量样品的黄色指数。
断裂伸长率的测定:按照GB/T 1040-2006标准,使用美国英斯特朗公司生产的INSTRON万能材料试验机,测量样品的断裂伸长率。
击穿电压的测定:按照GB/T 507-2002标准,使用Kinco的IBV-50型击穿电压测试仪测量样品的击穿电压(油)。
高压加速湿热老化试验(PCT)48h:使用高压加速湿热老化试验箱,老化条件:0.2MPa,121℃,100%RH,对样品老化处理48h。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,所述高反射率聚酯薄膜(简称反射聚酯膜)为ABA三层结构,所述的A层包括聚酯和无机粒子a,所述的B层包括聚酯、无机粒子b、聚烯烃和耐水解剂。
A层配比为99.55%的PET,0.45%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为85.6%的PET,6%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,7%的聚4-甲基戊烯,1.4%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为12μm。高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为250μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表1。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为98.8%的PET,1.2%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为84.8%的PET,8%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,6%的聚4-甲基戊烯,1.2%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为12μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为250μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表1。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为99.55%的PET,0.45%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为84.6%的PET,6%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,3%的聚4-甲基戊烯,5%的聚丙烯,1.4%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为10μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为250μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表1。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为98.8%的PET,1.2%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为83.8%的PET,8%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,7%的聚4-甲基戊烯,1.2%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为10μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为250μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表1。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为98.2%的PET,1.8%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为81%的PET,12%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,6%的聚4-甲基戊烯,1%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为10μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为250μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表1。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为99.1%的PET,0.9%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为88.2%的PET,5%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,6%的聚4-甲基戊烯,0.8%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为9μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为150μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表1。
实施例7
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为98.2%的PET,1.8%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为86.5%的PET,8%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,5%的聚4-甲基戊烯,0.5%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为9μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为150μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表1。
实施例8
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为99.1%的PET,0.9%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为84.2%的PET,10%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,5%的聚4-甲基戊烯,0.8%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为8μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为150μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表1。
实施例9
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为98.2%的PET,1.8%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为85.5%的PET,8%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,6%的聚4-甲基戊烯,0.5%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为8μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为150μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表2。
实施例10
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为97.75%的PET,2.25%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为82.7%的PET,10%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,4%的聚4-甲基戊烯,3%的聚丙烯,0.3%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为8μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为150μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表2。
实施例11
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为99.55%的PET,0.45%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为81%的PET,8%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,9%的聚4-甲基戊烯,2%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为15μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为300μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表2。
实施例12
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为99.1%的PET,0.9%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为80.4%的PET,10%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,8%的聚4-甲基戊烯,1.6%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为15μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为300μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表2。
实施例13
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为99.55%的PET,0.45%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为80%的PET,8%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,7%的聚4-甲基戊烯,3%的聚丙烯,2%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为12μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为300μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表2。
实施例14
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为99.1%的PET,0.9%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为79.2%的PET,10%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,9%的聚4-甲基戊烯,1.8%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为12μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为300μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表2。
实施例15
本实施例提供一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,与实施例1的区别在于:
A层配比为98.5%的PET,1.5%的二氧化钛颗粒,颗粒直径为0.1-0.3μm。B层配比为77.4%的PET,13%的钛白粉,粒径为0.1-0.3μm,8%的聚4-甲基戊烯,1.6%的碳化二亚胺。两边的A层的厚度各为12μm。光伏组件背板用高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为300μm,制得的高反射率聚酯薄膜相关性能见表2。
对比例1
四川东材科技集团股份有限公司光伏组件背板用聚酯薄膜DS11,厚度为250μm。
表1实施例1-8提供的高反射率聚酯薄膜的性能测试结果
表2实施例9-15提供的高反射率聚酯薄膜和对比例1提供的聚酯薄膜的性能测试结果
由上述表1和表2所示的性能测试结果可以得出,本发明提供的聚酯薄膜具有高的反射率,同时具有优异的老化性能和电绝缘性能。其中,实施例3、10、13具有更好的综合性能,更高的反射率,更优异的耐老化性能和更好的电绝缘性能。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡是根据本发明内容所做的均等变化与修饰,均涵盖在本发明的专利范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种高反射率聚酯薄膜,其特征在于,所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜为ABA三层结构,所述的A层包括97.75%-99.55%的聚酯,聚酯为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,0.45%-2.25%的无机粒子a,无机粒子a为二氧化钛;所述的B层包括80%-84.6%的聚酯,聚酯为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,6%-10%的无机粒子b,无机粒子b为二氧化钛,7%-10%聚烯烃,聚烯烃为聚丙烯和聚4-甲基戊烯的组合,0.3%-2%耐水解剂,耐水解剂为碳化二亚胺;所述聚烯烃包括3%-5%聚丙烯和3%-7%聚4-甲基戊烯;所述高反射率聚酯薄膜的总厚度为150-300μm,两个A层的厚度占总厚度8-11%,B层的厚度占总厚度的89-92%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜,其特征在于,所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜在波长为400nm-1200nm的波段的平均反射率为94.5%-96.5%,断裂伸长率为85-130%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜,其特征在于,所述无机粒子a的粒径为0.1-0.3μm,所述无机粒子b的粒径为0.1-0.3μm。
4.一种高反射型光伏组件背板,其特征在于,所述的背板包含权利要求1-3中任一项所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高反射型光伏组件背板,其特征在于,所述高反射型光伏组件背板依次包括上层、中间层和下层;所述中间层选自权利要求1-3中任一项所述的高反射率聚酯薄膜,所述上层和下层分别选自氟膜、氟涂层或聚烯烃(PO)膜中的一种或至少两种的组合。
6.一种光伏组件,其特征在于,所述的光伏组件包含玻璃、太阳能电池片、EVA、框架、接线盒及权利要求4或5所述的高反射型光伏组件背板。
7.权利要求6所述的光伏组件应用于1500V电站。
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