CN111555025A - Slot antenna - Google Patents
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- CN111555025A CN111555025A CN202010498740.8A CN202010498740A CN111555025A CN 111555025 A CN111555025 A CN 111555025A CN 202010498740 A CN202010498740 A CN 202010498740A CN 111555025 A CN111555025 A CN 111555025A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
- H01Q5/385—Two or more parasitic elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slot antenna, comprising: the dielectric plate comprises a dielectric plate and metal conductor layers arranged on the dielectric plate, wherein the metal conductor layers are symmetrically distributed about the central longitudinal axis of the dielectric plate; be carved with the slotline on the metallic conductor layer, the inside in the region that the slotline encloses is the metal level, the outside in the region that the slotline encloses is the gap structure after with the metal fretwork, the slotline is including the cavity slotline that connects gradually, parallel slotline and opening slotline, wherein, enclose by the cavity slotline and form a plurality of gaps that communicate in proper order jointly, form the gap intercommunication that rectangle gap and cavity slotline enclose and form jointly between the parallel slotline, form loudspeaker form gap and rectangle gap intercommunication between the opening slotline. The slot antenna provided by the invention can greatly reduce the size of the antenna on the premise of ensuring that the characteristics of the antenna are not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a slot antenna.
Background
The vivaldi antenna is a travelling-wave slot antenna that couples energy to a metal conductor layer via a microstrip transmission line and radiates. Fig. 1 is a side view of a typical vivaldi antenna in the related art as viewed from an xz plane, and referring to fig. 1, a microstrip transmission line 2 and a metal conductor layer 1 are respectively printed on both sides of a dielectric plate 3 through a printing process.
A typical vivaldi antenna was proposed by Gibson in 1979, and referring to fig. 2, a metal conductor layer 1 of the vivaldi antenna is engraved with an exponentially and gradually opened slot line, and the slot line not only plays a role in guiding electromagnetic wave radiation, but also excites a plurality of corresponding resonance frequency points through gradual change of the width of the slot line, thereby realizing broadband characteristics of the vivaldi antenna. The vivaldi antenna generally introduces energy from a microstrip transmission line, then converts the energy from the microstrip transmission line to a slot line by a dielectric coupling mode, and electromagnetic waves are transmitted to a free space through the slot line, wherein a circular cavity is usually adopted as a resonant cavity at a terminal of the slot line, and a fan-shaped branch node is adopted as an open-circuit terminal at the terminal of the microstrip transmission line to realize broadband matching of the whole feed part.
In order to guarantee larger bandwidth and higher gain, the size of the conventional vivaldi antenna is larger, and miniaturization is difficult to realize. Some improvements improve the impedance characteristics of the antenna by increasing the resistance, thereby reducing the size of the antenna while ensuring the same gain, but increasing the resistance will inevitably cause power loss. Therefore, a solution that avoids using an impedance loading element is needed to achieve miniaturization of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a slot antenna which can greatly reduce the size of the antenna on the premise of ensuring that the characteristics of the antenna are not influenced.
The present invention provides a slot antenna, including: a dielectric plate and a metal conductor layer disposed on the dielectric plate, wherein,
the metal conductor layers are symmetrically distributed about the central longitudinal axis of the dielectric plate; and the number of the first and second groups,
the metal conductor layer is etched with a groove line, the inside of the area surrounded by the groove line is a metal layer, the outside of the area surrounded by the groove line is a gap structure with hollowed metal, the groove line comprises a cavity groove line, a parallel groove line and an opening groove line which are connected in sequence, wherein,
by cavity slot line surrounds a plurality of gaps that communicate in proper order of forming jointly, form between the parallel slot line rectangle gap just rectangle gap with cavity slot line surrounds the joint gap intercommunication that forms jointly, form between the opening slot line loudspeaker form gap just loudspeaker form gap with rectangle gap intercommunication.
Optionally, the slot line engraved on the metal conductor layer further includes a transverse slot line, a longitudinal slot line, and an oblique slot line, the longitudinal slot line is located at two sides of the open slot line, the transverse slot line, the longitudinal slot line, and the oblique slot line enclose two radiation arms symmetrical with respect to a central longitudinal axis of the dielectric slab, each radiation arm is in a shape of a letter β, wherein,
each of the radiating arms comprises a first radiating patch composed of a plurality of radiating branches;
and a plurality of the radiation branch sections on the same first radiation patch are longitudinally arranged along the dielectric slab and are in a letter B shape.
Optionally, the area of the plurality of radiation branches gradually increases in an opening increasing direction of the opening slot line.
Optionally, the edge line of each of the radiating branches comprises at least one line segment, the at least one line segment comprising an arc and/or a straight line;
and two line segments connected in the at least one line segment are smoothly connected.
Optionally, the open slot lines are symmetrically distributed about a central longitudinal axis of the dielectric slab;
and according to the opening increasing direction of the opening slot line, the radiation branch node at the extreme end comprises a first arc line, a straight line and a second arc line which are smoothly connected from outside to inside in sequence,
the straight line is along the dielectric slab is horizontal, the second pitch arc with opening slot line smooth connection, first pitch arc belongs to vertical slot line, the straight line with the second pitch arc constitutes horizontal slot line.
Optionally, the oblique slot lines on both sides of the central longitudinal axis are respectively close to the open slot lines but not parallel to each other, and in the two radiation arms, each radiation arm further includes: the unequal-width diameter is formed by encircling one section of the inclined groove line and the opening groove line;
according to the opening increasing direction of the opening slot line, the unequal-width diameter is positioned at the starting end of the first radiation branch section;
along the opening increasing direction of the opening slot line, the unequal-width overdiameters are gradually increased along the transverse width of the dielectric slab, and the width of the joint of the unequal-width overdiameters and the first radiation branch section is smaller than the width of any position of the first radiation branch section along the transverse direction of the dielectric slab.
Optionally, the groove line engraved on the metal conductor layer further includes a triple-folding groove line, the triple-folding groove lines on two sides of the central longitudinal axis respectively form a step shape, the step surface of the step shape is perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis, and a step starting surface is flush with a starting end of the opening groove line, the metal conductor layer further includes a second radiation patch surrounded by the triple-folding groove line, the parallel groove line, and the cavity groove line as partial edge lines, and the second radiation patch includes:
the first area is positioned on two sides of the cavity slot line and the parallel slot line and on one side of the starting end of the cavity slot line;
a second region defined by the stepped middle step and located on a side of the unequal width diameter remote from the central longitudinal axis and spaced from the unequal width diameter;
and the starting end of the second region is communicated with the tail end of the first region according to the opening increasing direction of the opening groove line.
Optionally, the cavity slot line surrounds a jointly formed gap, including: a first fan-shaped gap, a first strip-shaped gap, a second fan-shaped gap and a second strip-shaped gap which are communicated in sequence, wherein,
the sizes and specific sizes of the openings of the first fan-shaped gap and the second fan-shaped gap are completely the same;
the transverse widths of the first strip-shaped gap and the second strip-shaped gap are the same, but the longitudinal length of the first strip-shaped gap is longer than that of the second strip-shaped gap;
the first fan-shaped gap is communicated with the rectangular gap.
Optionally, the slot antenna further includes: two parasitic patches, wherein,
the parasitic patch is a lambda/4 dipole antenna patch, and lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest working frequency of the slot antenna in the free space;
the two parasitic patches and the metal conductor layer are positioned at two opposite sides of the dielectric plate, and the two parasitic patches are positioned at the feeding positions on the dielectric plate;
the projections of the two parasitic patches on the metal conductor layer are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central longitudinal axis.
Optionally, the slot antenna is provided with a plurality of via holes, and the via holes are symmetrically distributed about a central longitudinal axis of the dielectric plate and located at positions where the two parasitic patches are located on the slot antenna.
Optionally, the slot antenna further includes a microstrip transmission line, the microstrip transmission line and the metal conductor layer are disposed on two opposite sides of the dielectric slab, the microstrip transmission line includes a first straight branch section, a second straight branch section and a fan-shaped branch section, which are connected in sequence, wherein a start end of the first straight branch section is used as a start end of the microstrip transmission line for feeding, and a diameter of the first straight branch section is greater than a diameter of the second straight branch section.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the slot antenna provided by the invention, a plurality of sequentially communicated slots are formed by encircling cavity slot lines, a rectangular slot is formed between the parallel slot lines and is communicated with the slot formed by encircling the cavity slot lines, a horn-shaped slot is formed between the opening slot lines and is communicated with the rectangular slot, and the plurality of sequentially communicated slots formed by encircling the cavity slot lines can better realize the matching of antenna impedance, so that the size of the antenna can be reduced under the effect of ensuring the same gain; in two radiation arms, the left vertical slot line of central longitudinal axis is located between the left side limit of left opening slot line and dielectric plate, the vertical slot line on central longitudinal axis right side is located between the right side limit of opening slot line and dielectric plate on right side, namely, it is inboard to shrink back the marginal line that corresponds of dielectric plate with the marginal line that metallic conductor layer is located opening slot line both sides, thereby make more electric currents in antenna surface assemble near the slot line, therefore effectively improved the radiation ability of antenna, it then can improve the antenna gain to need not the great electric field coupling area of antenna, be favorable to the miniaturization of slot antenna equally, reached and can reduce the technological effect of antenna size by a wide margin under the prerequisite of guaranteeing that the antenna characteristic is not influenced.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a side view of a typical prior art vivaldi antenna as viewed from the xz plane;
FIG. 2 shows a top view of a typical prior art vivaldi antenna as viewed from the xy-plane;
FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the slot antenna of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a top view of the slot antenna of the present invention from the xy-plane;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a metal conductor layer in the slot antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a microstrip transmission line in a slot antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic standing wave ratio diagram of a slot antenna of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows the gain pattern of the slot antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like elements in the various figures are denoted by like reference numerals. For purposes of clarity, the various features in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Moreover, certain well-known elements may not be shown in the figures.
In the following description, numerous specific details of the invention, such as structure, materials, dimensions, processing techniques and techniques of the devices are described in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Embodiments of the present invention are specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the slot antenna of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the slot antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention also includes a dielectric plate 3, and a microstrip transmission line 2 and a metal conductor layer 1 located on two opposite sides of the dielectric plate 3. It should be emphasized that the microstrip transmission line 2 and the metal conductor layer 1 are covered on two opposite sides of the dielectric plate 3 by a printing process, and here, the metal conductor layer 1, the dielectric plate 3 and the microstrip transmission line 2 are separately shown for the purpose of clearly showing the structure of each layer. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the slot antenna of the present invention viewed from the xy plane, in which the solid line indicates a structure in which the dielectric plate 3 is provided on one side of the metal conductor layer 1, the dotted line indicates a structure on the other side of the dielectric plate 3 opposite to the metal conductor layer 1, and the dielectric plate 3 and the microstrip transmission lines 2 and the metal conductor layer 1 located on both sides of the dielectric plate 3 are provided as shown in fig. 4.
The slot antenna provided by the invention improves the metal conductor layer 1 on one side of the dielectric plate 3, and referring to fig. 4 and 5, the metal conductor layer 1 is relative to the central longitudinal axis C of the dielectric plate 31C2Symmetrically distributing; and the metal conductor layer 1 is engraved with a slot line which comprises cavity slot lines B connected in sequence1OB2Parallel slot line B1A1And B2A2An open slot line A1N1And A2N2Transverse slot line N1M1L1And N2M2L2Longitudinal slot line L1P1R1And L2P2R2Inclined groove line R1D1And R2D2And a three-fold groove line D1E1F1G1And D2E2F2G2Wherein point O is located on the central longitudinal axis C1C2The above step (1); groove line B of cavity1OB2The gaps are surrounded to form a plurality of gaps which are sequentially communicated, and the gaps specifically comprise a first fan-shaped gap, a first long-strip-shaped gap, a second fan-shaped gap and a second long-strip-shaped gap, wherein the sizes and specific sizes of openings of the first fan-shaped gap and the second fan-shaped gap are completely the same, the transverse widths of the first long-strip-shaped gap and the second long-strip-shaped gap are the same, but the longitudinal length of the first long-strip-shaped gap is longer than that of the second long-strip-shaped gap; parallel slot line B1A1And B2A2In which the parallel groove lines B1A1And B2A2A rectangular gap is formed between the cavity and the cavity slot line B1OB2The gaps formed by encircling are communicated, in particular to the first fan-shaped gap; and an opening groove line A with gradually increasing openings1N1And A2N2Wherein at the opening groove line A1N1And A2N2A horn-shaped gap is formed between the two grooves and the horn-shaped gap and the parallel groove line B1A1And B2A2Rectangular gap communication is formed between the two parts; transverse slot line N1M1L1And N2M2L2Respectively comprise a curve segment N1M1And N2M2Straight line segment M1L1And M2L2(ii) a At the opening slot line A1N1And A2N2Longitudinal groove lines L on both sides1P1R1And L2P2R2Respectively comprise a curve segment L1P1Curve segment P1R1And a curve segment L2P2Curve segment P2R2(ii) a Inclined groove line R1D1And R2D2Respectively near the open slot line A1N1And A2N2But not parallel to each other; three-fold groove line D1E1F1G1And D2E2F2G2Each formed in a step shape (formed by point E)1、F1、G1、H1Step E defined by sequential straight line connection1F1G1H1Corresponding to step surface D1E1And F1G1Wherein, the step starting surface is a step surface D1E1(ii) a And form a point E2、F2、G2、H2Step E defined by sequential straight line connection2F2G2H2Corresponding to the step surface D2E2And F2G2Wherein the step starting surface is D2E2) And are symmetrical to each other, and E1、D1、A1、E2、 D2、A2Six points are located on the same horizontal line and the horizontal line is perpendicular to the side of the dielectric plate 3, G1、 F1、G2、F2Four points are located on another horizontal line parallel to the four points and the other horizontal line is also perpendicular to the side of the dielectric plate 3.
Specifically, the dielectric sheet 3 is a flame-retardant material substrate rated FR 4. The metal layer is formed inside the region surrounded by the slot line on the metal conductor layer 1, and plays a role of electromagnetic radiation. In addition, the outside of the region surrounded by the slot lines on the metal conductor layer 1 is a slot structure with hollowed metal, which is equivalent to a resonant cavity and plays a role in antenna impedance matching, specifically, the outside of the region surrounded by the slot lines on the metal conductor layer 1 is surrounded by a plurality of resonant cavities communicated by cavity diameter, and specifically comprises a first sector-shaped slot, a first strip-shaped slot, a second sector-shaped slot and a second strip-shaped slot, so as to better realize matching of antenna impedance; in parallel groove line B1A1And B2A2Form therebetweenThe rectangular gap plays a role in coupling an electric field and mainly influences the transmission condition of electromagnetic waves; at the opening slot line A1N1And A2N2The horn-shaped gap formed between the two layers guides the radiation of electromagnetic waves.
Note that the longitudinal slot line L of the metal conductor layer 11P1R1At the left side opening groove line A1N1And the left side edge of the dielectric plate 3, the longitudinal slot line L of the metal conductor layer 12P2R2Line A of the side opening groove2N2And the right side edge of the dielectric sheet 3.
It should be understood that the central longitudinal axis C of the dielectric plate 31C2Which is a longitudinal symmetry axis of the dielectric plate 3. In the following description, reference is made to "the longitudinal direction of the dielectric sheet 3" and "the lateral direction of the dielectric sheet 3", wherein "the longitudinal direction of the dielectric sheet 3" means the longitudinal direction with respect to the center longitudinal axis C1C2In parallel with the above direction, the "transverse direction of the dielectric sheet 3" means the direction parallel to the central longitudinal axis C1C2The perpendicular direction. Further, "open slot line a in the following description1N1And A2N2The direction of opening enlargement "of means and the central longitudinal axis C1C2Parallel and by point C2Point of direction C1In the direction of (a).
In the slot antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the metal conductor layer 1 is positioned on the opening slot line A1N1And A2N2Longitudinal groove lines L on both sides1P1R1And L2P2R2No longer completely with two side coincidences about the dielectric plate 3, but the inboard of two sides about the dielectric plate 3 corresponds of contracting, therefore make more electric currents in antenna surface assemble near the slot line, so effectively improved the radiating capacity of antenna, do not need the great electric field coupling area of antenna then can improve antenna gain, thereby be favorable to slot antenna's miniaturization, reached and can reduce antenna size's technological effect by a wide margin under the prerequisite of guaranteeing that the antenna characteristic is not influenced.
In alternative embodiments, the aboveOpen slot line A1N1And A2N2Transverse slot line N1M1L1And N2M2L2Longitudinal slot line L1P1R1And L2P2R2Inclined groove line R1D1And R2D2About a central longitudinal axis C of the dielectric plate 31C2Two symmetrical radiating arms D1L1A1And D2L2A2Each of the radiation arms is in the shape of letter β, wherein each of the radiation arms includes a first radiation patch 11 composed of a plurality of radiation branches, and the plurality of radiation branches on the same first radiation patch 11 are arranged longitudinally along the dielectric plate 3 and are in the shape of letter B.
For example, each of the first radiation patches 11 shown in fig. 5 is composed of two radiation branches, and the first radiation patch 11 on the left side is composed of a curved line Q1L1P1The first radiation branch 111 and the enclosed curve P1R1And a straight line Q1S1A second radiation branch 112 surrounded by P1Dot sum Q1The branch joints between the points are divided through the diameter and are longitudinally arranged along the dielectric slab 3; the first radiating patch on the right side is represented by curve Q2L2P2The first radiation branch 111 and the enclosed curve P2R2And a straight line Q2S2A second radiation branch 112 surrounded by P2Dot sum Q2The branches between the points are divided by diameter and are arranged longitudinally along the dielectric slab 3.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first radiation patch 11 is divided into a plurality of radiation branches by branch diameter, and the slot antenna radiates electromagnetic waves of different frequency bands at different parts along the longitudinal direction of the dielectric plate 3, so that the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna at different frequency bands can be better improved by adjusting the number of branches and the positions and widths of the branch diameter, and thus a larger electric field coupling area of the antenna is not required, so that the antenna gain of the slot antenna is increased, and the slot antenna is also miniaturized.
Further, the edge line of each radiation branch node comprises at least one line segment, and the at least one line segment comprises an arc line and/or a straight line; and two adjacent line segments in the at least one line segment are smoothly connected, thereby avoiding the point discharge phenomenon generated on the first radiation patch 11.
Further, according to the opening slot line A1N1And A2N2The opening increase direction, the area of a plurality of radiation branch sections increases gradually to satisfy the high energy demand of high-frequency range electromagnetic wave radiation through great electric field coupling area, realize the widening of slot antenna bandwidth to the high-frequency range, need not antenna size change then reach the purpose of widening the antenna bandwidth promptly, be favorable to realizing that the slot antenna is miniaturized.
In another alternative embodiment, the open slot line A1N1And A2N2About a central longitudinal axis C of the dielectric plate 31C2Two straight lines are symmetrically distributed; and, according to the opening slot line A1N1And A2N2Is in the direction of increasing opening, the left-most end (i.e. at the opening slot line a)1N1And A2N2Opening of the dielectric plate 3) includes a radial branch 111 from outside to inside (i.e., from the side of the radial branch 111 near the edge line of the dielectric plate 3 to near the central longitudinal axis C)1C2One side) of the first arc lines P which are smoothly connected in sequence1L1Line L1M1And a second arc line M1N1Wherein, a straight line L1M1Along the transverse direction of the dielectric plate 3, a second arc line M1N1And an open slot line A1N1Is smoothly connected to the point N1(ii) a Similarly, the right endmost radiating branch 111 includes a first arc P smoothly connected from outside to inside2L2Line L2M2And a second arc line M2N2Wherein, a straight line L2M2Along the transverse direction of the dielectric plate 3, a second arc line M2N2And an open slot line A2N2Is smoothly connected to the point N2。
The aperture size of the slot antenna limits the lower limit of the low frequency to which the antenna band can be widened, and theoretically, the slot antenna operating frequency can be set to have no lower limit when the aperture size of the slot antenna has no upper limit.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first arc P passing through the left side1L1A second arc line M1N1And the first arc P on the right2L2A second arc line M2N2No point discharge on the radiation branch section 111 is ensured; also through the second arc M on the left1N1And a straight line L1M1Combined, and the second arc M on the right2N2And a straight line L2M2Combined, split slot line A1N1And an open slot line A2N2The aperture size of the formed antenna is expanded, so that the bandwidth of the slot antenna is widened to a low frequency band, namely, the purpose of widening the bandwidth of the antenna is achieved without increasing the size of the antenna, and the slot antenna is favorably miniaturized.
In another alternative embodiment, two radiating arms D1L1A1And D2L2A2Each of the radiating arms further comprises: an unequal width diameter 13 formed by two straight lines, and two unequal width diameters 13 on the left and right sides with respect to the central longitudinal axis C1C2Symmetrical distribution, the structure of the unequal width diameter 13 is explained by taking the left radiation arm as an example: inside of the unequal width diameter 13 (i.e., near the central longitudinal axis C of the dielectric plate 3)1C2One side) is a straight line A1S1And the outer straight line is an inclined groove line D1R1Wherein, the straight line A1S1Belonging to an open slot line A1N1One paragraph of (a); and, according to the opening slot line A1N1And A2N2Is located at the beginning R of the first radiation branch 112, and the unequal width diameter 13 is located in the opening increasing direction1S1At least one of (1) and (b); and, along the opening groove line A1N1And A2N2In the opening increasing direction, the unequal-width diameter 13 gradually increases along the transverse width of the dielectric plate 3, and the unequal-width diameter 13 and the first spokeJunction R of the branch pipe 1121S1Is smaller than the width of the first radiation branch section 112 at any position along the transverse direction of the dielectric plate 3.
In the embodiment of the invention, the slot antenna is arranged on the opening slot line A1N1And A2N2The frequency of the electromagnetic wave radiated by each part in the opening increasing direction is increased, so that the width gradually-changing structure of the unequal width diameter 13 enables the impedance matching characteristics of the slot antenna at different frequency bands to be better represented, the antenna gain of the slot antenna is increased without a large electric field coupling area, and the slot antenna is favorably miniaturized.
In another alternative embodiment, the metal conductor layer 1 further includes a through tri-fold slot line D1E1F1G1And D2E2F2G2Parallel slot line B1A1And B2A2Cavity groove line B1OB2A second radiation patch 12 enclosed as a partial margin line, the second radiation patch 12 including:
is positioned on the cavity groove line B1OB2And parallel slot lines B1A1、B2A2 First regions 121 on both sides (i.e., central longitudinal axis C of dielectric plate 3)1C2The first regions 121 on both sides pass through curves E1H1C2OB1A1D1And curve E2H2C2OB2A2D2Enclose into, wherein, point E1And point H1Connected by a dotted line in fig. 5 to constitute a curve E1H1C2OB1A1D1And, point E2And point H2Connected by a dotted line in fig. 5 to constitute a curve E2H2C2OB2A2D2A part of (a);
located at unequal width diameters 13 away from the central longitudinal axis C1C2Is separated from the unequal-width diameter 13 by a step-shaped middle step E1F1G1H1And a step E2F2G2H2A nominal second region 122 (i.e., the central longitudinal axis C of the dielectric plate 3)1C2The second regions 122 on both sides pass through the curve H1E1F1G1And curve H2E2F2G2Enclose into, wherein, point E1And point H1Are connected by a dotted line in fig. 5 to constitute a curve H1E1F1G1And, point E2And point H2Are connected by a dotted line in fig. 5 to constitute a curve H2E2F2G2A part of (a);
and, according to the opening slot line A1N1And A2N2And the beginning of the second zone 122 communicates with the end of the first zone 121, wherein the central longitudinal axis C1C2The second region 122 on the left is at the dotted line E1H1Is in communication with the first region 121 on the left, and the central longitudinal axis C1C2The second region 122 on the right is at dotted line E2H2And communicates with the first region 121 on the right side.
It should be understood that the dotted line E1H1And dotted line E2H2The actual line structure such as a scribe line existing on the metal conductor layer 1 is not.
In particular, due to the parallel slot lines B1A1And B2A2Is flush with the top edge of the first area 121 in the lateral direction of the dielectric sheet 3, so that the area of the first area 121 is determined by the size of the dielectric sheet 3 and the parallel slot line B1A1And B2A2The position of (2); and the area of the second region 122 is determined by the effective area of electric field coupling required for low-band radiation of the slot antenna.
Note that, in the slot antenna, the second radiation patch 12 affects the antenna characteristics of the slot antenna in the low frequency band, and the first radiation patch 11 affects the antenna characteristics of the slot antenna in the high frequency band.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first and second substrates,the provision of the second region 122 reduces the necessary area of the first region 121, so that the dielectric plate 3 of a larger size is not required to carry the first region 121, which in turn facilitates the miniaturization of the slot antenna; the second region 122 on the left side and the spaced edge line G between the unequal width overdiameters 131F1E1D1Instead of the straight line D without the second region 1221H1And a spaced edge line G between the second region 122 on the right and the unequal width diameter 132F2E2D2Instead of the straight line D without the second region 1222H2Therefore, the current path is increased, so that the low-frequency gain of the slot antenna is enhanced under the condition of not needing a larger electric field coupling area, and the slot antenna is beneficial to miniaturization.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in another alternative embodiment, the slot antenna further includes: two parasitic patches: a first parasitic patch 41 and a second parasitic patch 42, wherein the two parasitic patches are dipole antenna patches of λ/4, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest operating frequency of the slot antenna in a free space; the two parasitic patches and the microstrip transmission line 2 are positioned at the same side of the dielectric plate 3 and at the feed position on the dielectric plate 3; the projections of the two parasitic patches on the metal conductor layer 1 are symmetrically distributed on the central longitudinal axis C1C2On both sides of the base.
In the embodiment of the invention, the two parasitic patches are arranged on the dielectric plate 3 on the same side with the microstrip transmission line 2, so that the purpose of bringing extra low-frequency resonance points to the slot antenna is realized, the low-frequency standing wave phenomenon of the slot antenna is effectively improved, and the slot antenna can be miniaturized without influencing other electrical properties of the antenna.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the slot antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention is further provided with a plurality of via holes 5, where the plurality of via holes 5 are about a central longitudinal axis C of the dielectric plate 31C2The two parasitic patches are symmetrically distributed and positioned on the slot antenna. It should be understood that a plurality of vias 5 are distributed over the first parasitic patch 41 and the second parasitic patch 42 and pass through the dielectric plate 3 and the metal conductor layerA plurality of vias 5 serve as conductor traces for communication between the layers in the multi-layer board of the slot antenna 1.
In another alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 3, 4 and 6, the microstrip transmission line 2 includes a first straight branch 21, a second straight branch 22 and a sector branch 23 connected in sequence, wherein the beginning of the first straight branch 21 is used as the beginning of the microstrip transmission line 2 for feeding, and the diameter of the first straight branch 21 is larger than that of the second straight branch 22.
Specifically, the first linear branch 21 and the second linear branch 22 are disposed perpendicular to each other. It should be noted that the sector branch node 23 serves as an open-circuit terminal of the microstrip transmission line 2, and couples a part of energy to the parallel slot line B1A1And B2A2And will not be coupled to the parallel slot line B1A1And B2A2The energy is consumed in between, so that the slot antenna realizes impedance matching of the entire feed portion in a wide band range.
Further, the first linear branch node 21 may include a first sub-branch node 211 and a second sub-branch node 212 connected to each other, and the second linear branch node 22 may include a third sub-branch node 221 and a fourth sub-branch node 222 connected to each other, and the second sub-branch node 212 and the third sub-branch node 221 are connected to achieve connection of the first linear branch node 21 and the second linear branch node 22, where a diameter of the first sub-branch node 211 is larger than that of the second sub-branch node 212, a diameter of the second sub-branch node 212 is larger than that of the third sub-branch node 221, a diameter of the third sub-branch node 221 is larger than that of the fourth sub-branch node 222, and a small angle is cut at a vertical connection between the second sub-branch node 212 and the third sub-branch node 221, and a circle center of the sector branch node 23 is connected to an end of the fourth sub-branch node 222.
According to the microstrip transmission line 2 in the embodiment of the invention, through the first straight-line branch section 21 and the second straight-line branch section 22 with the diameters gradually reduced in the feeding transmission direction, the microstrip transmission line 2 realizes the step-like change of impedance, so that the impedance matching characteristic of the slot antenna is improved, the gain of the slot antenna is improved, and the slot antenna is beneficial to realizing the miniaturization.
The slot antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention is microThe strip transmission line 2 is fed by a port at the edge of the dielectric plate 3, and then the energy conversion between the microstrip transmission line 2 and the slot line is realized in a dielectric coupling mode, so that the electromagnetic wave passes through the parallel slot line B1A1And B2A2To the open slot line A1N1And A2N2In and at the opening slot line A1N1And A2N2When the size of the antenna is only set to 0.32 lambda × 0.31.31 lambda (lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest working frequency of the slot antenna in the free space), the better radiation characteristic can still be achieved, referring to fig. 7, the standing wave ratio of the slot antenna is less than 3 in a wide frequency band of 2GHz-18GHz, and referring to fig. 8, the slot antenna has obvious and concentrated gains at three frequency points of 3GHz, 8GHz and 16GHz (fig. 8 shows a directional diagram in a direction forming an angle of 30 degrees with the z axis in a coordinate system shown in fig. 3).
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Further, in the above description, the directional terms such as center, front, back, rear, left, right, top, bottom, upper, lower, lateral, longitudinal, etc. and the dimensioning terms such as thickness, height, length, etc. are defined with respect to the configurations shown in the respective drawings, which are relative concepts, and thus there is a possibility that corresponding changes may be made depending on the location and use state thereof, and thus, these terms should not be construed as limiting terms. And terms concerning attachment refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise.
While embodiments in accordance with the invention have been described above, these embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (11)
1. A slot antenna, comprising: a dielectric plate and a metal conductor layer disposed on the dielectric plate, wherein,
the metal conductor layers are symmetrically distributed about the central longitudinal axis of the dielectric plate; and the number of the first and second groups,
the metal conductor layer is etched with a groove line, the inside of the area surrounded by the groove line is a metal layer, the outside of the area surrounded by the groove line is a gap structure with hollowed metal, the groove line comprises a cavity groove line, a parallel groove line and an opening groove line which are connected in sequence, wherein,
by cavity slot line surrounds a plurality of gaps that communicate in proper order of forming jointly, form between the parallel slot line rectangle gap just rectangle gap with cavity slot line surrounds the joint gap intercommunication that forms jointly, form between the opening slot line loudspeaker form gap just loudspeaker form gap with rectangle gap intercommunication.
2. The slot antenna of claim 1, wherein the slot lines engraved on the metal conductor layer further include a transverse slot line, a longitudinal slot line, and an oblique slot line, the longitudinal slot line being located on both sides of the open slot line, the transverse slot line, the longitudinal slot line, and the oblique slot line enclosing two radiating arms symmetrical with respect to a central longitudinal axis of the dielectric board, each of the radiating arms having a shape of a letter β, wherein,
each of the radiating arms comprises a first radiating patch composed of a plurality of radiating branches;
and a plurality of the radiation branch sections on the same first radiation patch are longitudinally arranged along the dielectric slab and are in a letter B shape.
3. The slot antenna of claim 2, wherein the plurality of radiating branches increase in area in a direction of increasing opening of the open slot line.
4. The slot antenna of claim 2,
the edge line of each radiation branch node comprises at least one line segment, and the at least one line segment comprises an arc line and/or a straight line;
and two line segments connected in the at least one line segment are smoothly connected.
5. The slot antenna of claim 2,
the open slot lines are symmetrically distributed about the central longitudinal axis of the dielectric slab;
and according to the opening increasing direction of the opening slot line, the radiation branch node at the extreme end comprises a first arc line, a straight line and a second arc line which are smoothly connected from outside to inside in sequence,
the straight line is along the dielectric slab is horizontal, the second pitch arc with opening slot line smooth connection, first pitch arc belongs to vertical slot line, the straight line with the second pitch arc constitutes horizontal slot line.
6. The slot antenna of claim 3 wherein said slanted slot lines on either side of said central longitudinal axis are respectively adjacent to said open slot lines but are not parallel to each other, and wherein in both of said radiating arms, each of said radiating arms further comprises: the unequal-width diameter is formed by encircling one section of the inclined groove line and the opening groove line;
according to the opening increasing direction of the opening slot line, the unequal-width diameter is positioned at the starting end of the first radiation branch section;
along the opening increasing direction of the opening slot line, the unequal-width overdiameters are gradually increased along the transverse width of the dielectric slab, and the width of the joint of the unequal-width overdiameters and the first radiation branch section is smaller than the width of any position of the first radiation branch section along the transverse direction of the dielectric slab.
7. The slot antenna of claim 6, wherein the grooved line engraved on the metal conductor layer further includes a tri-folded grooved line, the tri-folded grooved lines on both sides of the central longitudinal axis each form a step shape, the step shape is perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis, and a step start surface is flush with a start end of the open grooved line, the metal conductor layer further includes a second radiation patch enclosed by the tri-folded grooved line, the parallel grooved line, and the cavity grooved line as part of edge lines, the second radiation patch includes:
the first area is positioned on two sides of the cavity slot line and the parallel slot line and on one side of the starting end of the cavity slot line;
a second region defined by the stepped middle step and located on a side of the unequal width diameter remote from the central longitudinal axis and spaced from the unequal width diameter;
and the starting end of the second region is communicated with the tail end of the first region according to the opening increasing direction of the opening groove line.
8. The slot antenna of claim 1, wherein the cavity slot line surrounds a co-formed slot, comprising: a first fan-shaped gap, a first strip-shaped gap, a second fan-shaped gap and a second strip-shaped gap which are communicated in sequence, wherein,
the sizes and specific sizes of the openings of the first fan-shaped gap and the second fan-shaped gap are completely the same;
the transverse widths of the first strip-shaped gap and the second strip-shaped gap are the same, but the longitudinal length of the first strip-shaped gap is longer than that of the second strip-shaped gap;
the first fan-shaped gap is communicated with the rectangular gap.
9. The slot antenna of claim 1, further comprising: two parasitic patches, wherein,
the parasitic patch is a lambda/4 dipole antenna patch, and lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest working frequency of the slot antenna in the free space;
the two parasitic patches and the metal conductor layer are positioned at two opposite sides of the dielectric plate, and the two parasitic patches are positioned at the feeding positions on the dielectric plate;
the projections of the two parasitic patches on the metal conductor layer are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central longitudinal axis.
10. The slot antenna according to claim 9, wherein the slot antenna is provided with a plurality of via holes, and the via holes are symmetrically distributed about a central longitudinal axis of the dielectric plate and located at positions of two parasitic patches on the slot antenna.
11. The slot antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a microstrip transmission line, wherein the microstrip transmission line and the metal conductor layer are disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric plate, the microstrip transmission line includes a first straight branch section, a second straight branch section, and a sector branch section, which are sequentially connected, wherein a start end of the first straight branch section serves as a start end of the microstrip transmission line for feeding, and a diameter of the first straight branch section is greater than a diameter of the second straight branch section.
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| CN202010498740.8A CN111555025A (en) | 2020-06-04 | 2020-06-04 | Slot antenna |
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| CN202010498740.8A CN111555025A (en) | 2020-06-04 | 2020-06-04 | Slot antenna |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113964510A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-21 | 中电科技扬州宝军电子有限公司 | Broadband printed dipole antenna and antenna array |
| WO2022089089A1 (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and terminal device |
| CN116053790A (en) * | 2023-01-16 | 2023-05-02 | 北京华通嘉业科技有限公司 | Broadband low-profile flat plate slotted antenna |
| EP4220863A4 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2024-03-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenna, antenna module, and electronic device |
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2020
- 2020-06-04 CN CN202010498740.8A patent/CN111555025A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022089089A1 (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and terminal device |
| CN114498006A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and terminal equipment |
| EP4220863A4 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2024-03-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenna, antenna module, and electronic device |
| CN113964510A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-21 | 中电科技扬州宝军电子有限公司 | Broadband printed dipole antenna and antenna array |
| CN116053790A (en) * | 2023-01-16 | 2023-05-02 | 北京华通嘉业科技有限公司 | Broadband low-profile flat plate slotted antenna |
| CN116053790B (en) * | 2023-01-16 | 2023-10-27 | 北京华通嘉业科技有限公司 | Broadband low-profile flat plate slotted antenna |
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