CN111552103A - Display device with switchable one-way visual angle and control method - Google Patents
Display device with switchable one-way visual angle and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111552103A CN111552103A CN202010459695.5A CN202010459695A CN111552103A CN 111552103 A CN111552103 A CN 111552103A CN 202010459695 A CN202010459695 A CN 202010459695A CN 111552103 A CN111552103 A CN 111552103A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid crystal display and discloses a display device with switchable one-way visual angles and a control method. The first polaroid is arranged on the first substrate of the light modulation box, the second polaroid is arranged on the second substrate, and an included angle formed between a light transmission shaft of the first polaroid and a light transmission shaft of the second polaroid is an acute angle, so that the light modulation box can only realize a narrow visual angle in a single direction in a narrow visual angle mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid crystal display, in particular to a display device with switchable one-way visual angles and a control method.
Background
With the continuous progress of the liquid crystal display technology, the viewing angle of the display has been widened from about 120 ° to over 160 °, and people want to effectively protect business confidentiality and personal privacy while enjoying visual experience brought by a large viewing angle, so as to avoid business loss or embarrassment caused by the leakage of screen information.
Present display device develops towards the direction of wide visual angle gradually, no matter cell-phone mobile terminal uses, desktop display or notebook computer uses, people bring visual experience in enjoying the wide visual angle, also hope to avoid under some application scenes that all visual angles can all watch the display content, just need the display to switch into narrow visual angle to use this moment, still need display device to possess the function of wide visual angle and narrow visual angle switching each other in many occasions.
At present, the switching between a wide visual angle and a narrow visual angle is realized by mainly attaching a shutter shielding film on a display screen, and when peep prevention is needed, the visual angle can be reduced by shielding the screen by using the shutter shielding film. However, this method requires additional preparation of the louver films, which causes great inconvenience to the user, and one louver film can only realize one viewing angle, and once the louver films are attached, the viewing angle is fixed in the narrow viewing angle mode. In addition, this method can realize a narrow viewing angle in a symmetrical direction (e.g., left and right or up and down), but cannot realize a narrow viewing angle in a single direction (e.g., left, right, up or down), and cannot satisfy the user's requirement for an electronic product such as a mobile phone, that is, a user has a narrow viewing angle in a single direction such as left, right, up or down. For example, in the vehicle-mounted display system, when the driver drives a vehicle, the driver should be prevented from viewing the display contents irrelevant to driving, and the passenger can normally view the display contents to avoid influencing driving safety. Therefore, the conventional display device is not suitable for being applied to special application scenes such as vehicle-mounted display.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a display device with switchable one-way viewing angle and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the display device in the prior art cannot realize a narrow viewing angle in a single direction.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a display device with switchable one-way visual angles, which comprises a dimming box, wherein the dimming box comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a first liquid crystal layer, the second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate, the first liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first visual angle control electrode is arranged on one side, facing the first liquid crystal layer, of the first substrate, a second visual angle control electrode matched with the first visual angle control electrode is arranged on one side, facing the first liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate, a first polaroid is arranged on the first substrate, a second polaroid is arranged on the second substrate, and an included angle formed between a light transmission shaft of the first polaroid and a light transmission shaft of the second polaroid is an acute angle.
Furthermore, the first liquid crystal layer is a positive liquid crystal molecule, the first liquid crystal layer is in a lying posture, and the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.
Furthermore, an included angle formed between the transmission axis of the first polarizer and the transmission axis of the second polarizer is 15-35 degrees.
Furthermore, the first polarizer is arranged on one side of the first substrate far away from the first liquid crystal layer, and the second polarizer is arranged on one side of the second substrate far away from the first liquid crystal layer.
Further, at least one of the first viewing angle control electrode and the second viewing angle control electrode is provided with a first insulating layer on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer.
The display device further comprises a display liquid crystal box, the display liquid crystal box is arranged on one side, close to the second polarizer, of the dimming box, the display liquid crystal box comprises a color film substrate, an array substrate and a second liquid crystal layer, the array substrate is arranged opposite to the color film substrate, the second liquid crystal layer is located between the color film substrate and the array substrate, a third polarizer is arranged on the array substrate, and a light transmission axis of the third polarizer is perpendicular to a light transmission axis of the second polarizer.
Further, a common electrode and a pixel electrode are arranged on one side of the array substrate facing the second liquid crystal layer, the pixel electrode and the common electrode are located on different layers and are insulated and separated, or the array substrate is provided with a pixel electrode on one side facing the second liquid crystal layer, and the color film substrate is provided with a common electrode on one side facing the second liquid crystal layer.
Furthermore, the display device with switchable one-way visual angle also comprises a backlight module, wherein the backlight module is positioned on one side of the display liquid crystal box far away from the dimming box.
The present invention also provides a control method for controlling a display device switchable in one-way viewing angle as described above, the control method including:
in the wide view angle mode, applying a first voltage to the first view angle control electrode, and applying a second voltage to the second view angle control electrode to form a first voltage difference between the first view angle control electrode and the second view angle control electrode, wherein the magnitude of the first voltage difference is smaller than a first preset value;
in a first narrow viewing angle mode, applying a third voltage to the first viewing angle control electrode, and applying a fourth voltage to the second viewing angle control electrode to form a second voltage difference between the first viewing angle control electrode and the second viewing angle control electrode, wherein the magnitude of the second voltage difference is greater than a second preset value;
in a second narrow viewing angle mode, a fifth voltage is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode, and a sixth voltage is applied to the second viewing angle control electrode, so that a third voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode and the second viewing angle control electrode, and the magnitude of the third voltage difference is greater than that of the second voltage difference.
Further, the first voltage difference ranges from 0V to 0.5V, and the second voltage difference and the third voltage difference ranges from 1.2V to 2.4V.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the display device with the switchable one-way visual angle comprises a dimming box, wherein the dimming box comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a first liquid crystal layer, the second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate, the first liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate is provided with a first visual angle control electrode on one side facing the first liquid crystal layer, the second substrate is provided with a second visual angle control electrode matched with the first visual angle control electrode on one side facing the first liquid crystal layer, the first substrate is provided with a first polaroid, the second substrate is provided with a second polaroid, and an included angle formed between a light transmission shaft of the first polaroid and a light transmission shaft of the second polaroid is an acute angle. The first polaroid is arranged on the first substrate of the dimming box, the second polaroid is arranged on the second substrate of the dimming box, and an included angle formed between a light transmission shaft of the first polaroid and a light transmission shaft of the second polaroid is an acute angle, so that the dimming box can only realize a narrow visual angle in a single direction in a narrow visual angle mode. When the driver drives the vehicle, the driver can be prevented from watching the display content on the display device, and the assistant driver can watch the display content normally, so that the driving safety is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a light modulation box of a display device with switchable one-way viewing angles according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light modulation box of a display device with switchable one-way viewing angles in a wide viewing angle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a light modulation box of a display device with switchable one-way viewing angles according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an array substrate of a display device with switchable one-way viewing angles according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a switchable one-way viewing angle display device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a switchable one-way viewing angle display device in a narrow viewing angle;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a simulation in which an included angle formed between a transmission axis of a first polarizer and a transmission axis of a second polarizer is 30 degrees;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a simulation comparison of a transmission axis of a first polarizer and a transmission axis of a second polarizer at different included angles and with a narrow viewing angle in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9a is a view simulation of a wide viewing angle in the prior art;
FIG. 9b is a view angle simulation of a narrow viewing angle in the prior art;
FIG. 10a is a view angle simulation diagram of a wide viewing angle when an included angle formed between a transmission axis of a first polarizer and a transmission axis of a second polarizer is 15 degrees;
FIG. 10b is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when an included angle formed between a transmission axis of the first polarizer and a transmission axis of the second polarizer is 15 degrees;
FIG. 11a is a view angle simulation diagram of a wide viewing angle when an included angle formed between a transmission axis of a first polarizer and a transmission axis of a second polarizer is 20 degrees;
FIG. 11b is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when an included angle formed between a transmission axis of the first polarizer and a transmission axis of the second polarizer is 20 degrees;
FIG. 12a is a view angle simulation diagram of a wide viewing angle when an included angle formed between a transmission axis of a first polarizer and a transmission axis of a second polarizer is 25 degrees;
FIG. 12b is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when an included angle formed between a transmission axis of the first polarizer and a transmission axis of the second polarizer is 25 degrees;
FIG. 13a is a view angle simulation diagram of a wide viewing angle when an included angle formed between a transmission axis of a first polarizer and a transmission axis of a second polarizer is 30 degrees;
FIG. 13b is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when an included angle formed between a transmission axis of the first polarizer and a transmission axis of the second polarizer is 30 degrees;
FIG. 14a is a view angle simulation diagram of a wide viewing angle when an included angle formed between a transmission axis of a first polarizer and a transmission axis of a second polarizer is 35 degrees;
FIG. 14b is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when an included angle formed between a transmission axis of the first polarizer and a transmission axis of the second polarizer is 35 degrees;
FIG. 15 is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode and the second viewing angle controlling electrode is 1.2V according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode and the second viewing angle controlling electrode is 1.4V in the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode and the second viewing angle controlling electrode is 1.6V according to the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode and the second viewing angle controlling electrode is 2.0V in the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode and the second viewing angle controlling electrode is 2.2V in the present invention;
fig. 20 is a view angle simulation diagram of a narrow viewing angle when the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode and the second viewing angle controlling electrode is 2.4V in the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects of the display device with switchable one-way viewing angle and the control method according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiments is as follows:
fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a light modulation box of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the light modulation box of the present invention at a wide viewing angle, fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the light modulation box of the present invention at a narrow viewing angle, fig. 4 is a schematic plan structural view of an array substrate of the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a display device switchable between one-way viewing angles of the present invention at a wide viewing angle, fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the display device switchable between one-way viewing angles of the present invention at a narrow viewing angle, fig. 7 is a schematic simulation diagram of an included angle of 30 ° formed between a transmission axis of a first polarizer and a transmission axis of a second polarizer of the present invention, and fig. 8 is a schematic simulation comparison diagram of the transmission axis of the first polarizer.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the display device with switchable one-way viewing angle provided by the present invention includes a dimming box and a display liquid crystal cell, wherein the dimming box is disposed above the display liquid crystal cell, that is, the dimming box is disposed on a side of the display liquid crystal cell emitting light, the dimming box is used for controlling the viewing angle state of the display device, and the display liquid crystal cell is used for controlling the display device to display normal pictures.
The light modulation box comprises a first substrate 10, a second substrate 20 arranged opposite to the first substrate 10, and a first liquid crystal layer 30 arranged between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20. Preferably, the first liquid crystal layer 30 is a positive liquid crystal molecule, i.e., a liquid crystal molecule whose dielectric anisotropy is positive. As shown in fig. 2, in the initial state, the first liquid crystal layer 30 is in a flat posture, that is, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 30 are aligned parallel to the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the first substrate 10 is antiparallel to the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the second substrate 20, and the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 30 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42, that is, the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 30 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42, at this time, the display device has a wide viewing angle. Of course, the positive liquid crystal molecules may have a small pretilt angle (e.g., less than 7 °) when initially aligned, i.e., the positive liquid crystal molecules initially form a small angle with the first and second substrates 10 and 20, and may accelerate the positive liquid crystal molecules to be deflected toward the vertical direction when switching to the narrow viewing angle. Of course, in other embodiments, negative liquid crystal molecules may also be used in the first liquid crystal layer 30, and the initial pretilt angle of the negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 30 with respect to the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is selected to be between 30 ° and 60 °, i.e., a narrow viewing angle state at the beginning.
The first substrate 10 is provided with a first viewing angle control electrode 11 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 30, and the second substrate 20 is provided with a second viewing angle control electrode 21 cooperating with the first viewing angle control electrode 11 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 30. The first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21 are both full-surface electrodes, and when the viewing angle states are different, different voltages are applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21, so that vertical electric fields with different intensities are formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21, and positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 30 are controlled to deflect at different angles.
The first substrate 10 is provided with a first polarizer 41, the second substrate 20 is provided with a second polarizer 42, and an included angle between a transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and a transmission axis of the second polarizer 42 is an acute angle (i.e., greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °). Preferably, the first polarizer 41 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 10 away from the first liquid crystal layer 30, the second polarizer 42 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 20 away from the first liquid crystal layer 30, that is, the second polarizer 42 is sandwiched between the display liquid crystal cell and the second substrate 20, and the first polarizer 41 and the second polarizer 42 are disposed on an outer side of the light modulation cell, so that difficulty of the manufacturing process can be reduced.
An included angle formed between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42 is preferably 15 ° to 35 °, for example, 15 °, 20 °, 25 °, 30 °, or 35 °.
At least one of the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21 is provided with a first insulating layer 22 on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 30, i.e. the first viewing angle control electrode 11 is provided with a first insulating layer 22 on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 30; alternatively, the second viewing angle control electrode 21 is provided with a first insulating layer 22 on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 30; further alternatively, the first viewing angle controlling electrode 11 and the second viewing angle controlling electrode 21 are both provided with the first insulating layer 22 on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 30. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first insulating layer 22 is disposed on the second viewing angle control electrode 21 facing the first liquid crystal layer 30 to prevent the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21 from being short-circuited, thereby increasing the yield. Preferably, the thickness of the first insulating layer 22 is 0.25 um. Since there is a possibility that conductive impurities enter the inside of the dimming cell during the cell forming process, thereby short-circuiting the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the liquid crystal cell is shown, which includes a color filter substrate 50, an array substrate 60 disposed opposite to the color filter substrate 50, and a second liquid crystal layer 70 located between the color filter substrate 50 and the array substrate 60. Preferably, positive liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, are used in the second liquid crystal layer 70, and in an initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 70 are aligned parallel to the color filter substrate 50 and the array substrate 60, and the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the color filter substrate 50 is parallel to or antiparallel to the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the array substrate 60.
The color filter substrate 50 is provided with color resist layers 52 arranged in an array and a black matrix 51 separating the color resist layers 52, and the color resist layers 52 include color resist materials of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and correspondingly form sub-pixels of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). The color resistance layer 52 and the black matrix 51 are also provided with a planarization layer 53 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 70.
Referring to fig. 4, the array substrate 60 defines a plurality of pixel units P on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer 70 by a plurality of scan lines 1 and a plurality of data lines 2 crossing each other in an insulated manner, a pixel electrode 63 and a thin film transistor 3 are disposed in each pixel unit P, and the pixel electrode 63 is electrically connected to the data line 2 of the adjacent thin film transistor 3 through the thin film transistor 3. The thin film transistor 3 includes a gate electrode, an active layer, a drain electrode and a source electrode, the gate electrode and the scanning line 1 are located on the same layer and electrically connected, the gate electrode and the active layer are isolated by an insulating layer, the source electrode is electrically connected with the data line 2, and the drain electrode is electrically connected with the pixel electrode 63 through a contact hole.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, a common electrode 61 is further disposed on a side of the array substrate 60 facing the second liquid crystal layer 70, and the common electrode 61 and the pixel electrode 63 are located at different layers and insulated and isolated by the second insulating layer 62. The common electrode 61 may be positioned above or below the pixel electrode 63 (the common electrode 61 is positioned below the pixel electrode 63 as shown in fig. 5). Preferably, the common electrode 61 is a planar electrode disposed over the entire surface, and the pixel electrode 63 is a block electrode disposed in one block in each pixel unit P or a slit electrode having a plurality of electrode bars to form a Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode. Of course, In other embodiments, the pixel electrode 63 and the common electrode 61 are located In the same layer, but they are insulated and isolated from each other, each of the pixel electrode 63 and the common electrode 61 may include a plurality of electrode stripes, and the electrode stripes of the pixel electrode 63 and the electrode stripes of the common electrode 61 are alternately arranged to form an In-Plane Switching (IPS) mode; alternatively, in other embodiments, the array substrate 60 is provided with a pixel electrode 63 on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer 70, and the color filter substrate 50 is provided with a common electrode 61 on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer 70 to form a TN mode or a VA mode, and for other descriptions of the TN mode and the VA mode, reference is made to the prior art, and details are not repeated here.
In this embodiment, the array substrate 60 is provided with a third polarizer 43, and a transmission axis of the third polarizer 43 is perpendicular to a transmission axis of the second polarizer 42.
Further, a backlight module is arranged on one side, away from the dimming box, of the display liquid crystal box, and preferably, the backlight module adopts a Collimated Backlight (CBL) mode, so that a light receiving effect can be achieved on light, and a display effect is guaranteed.
The first substrate 10, the second substrate 20, the color filter substrate 50, and the array substrate 60 may be made of glass, acrylic, polycarbonate, or other materials. The material of the first viewing angle controlling electrode 11, the second viewing angle controlling electrode 21, the common electrode 61, and the pixel electrode 63 may be Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), or the like.
In fig. 9a to 20, the luminance of the first luminance average line J (thick solid line) is 20%, the luminance of the second luminance average line K (thin solid line) is 50%, and the luminance of the first luminance average line J and the luminance of the second luminance average line K are relative to the maximum luminance of the display device.
In the prior art, the included angle formed between the transmission axis of the upper polarizer and the transmission axis of the lower polarizer of the display liquid crystal cell is 90 °, and the upper substrate of the light modulation cell is without polarizer, as shown in fig. 9a and 9b, when the viewing angle is narrow, the narrow viewing angles of the left and right or up and down of the display device are basically symmetrical. In the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, an included angle formed between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42 is 30 °, as can be seen from the simulation curve (curve W in fig. 7) of the display device with switchable one-way viewing angle and fig. 13a, when the viewing angle is wide, the left and right (or up and down) brightness is basically in a symmetrical state, and the range of the viewing angle is 0 to 60 °; as can be seen from the simulation curve (curve N in fig. 7) and fig. 13b of the display device with switchable one-way viewing angles at the narrow viewing angle, the luminance of the left (right, upper or lower) is significantly reduced between 20 ° and 45 ° at the narrow viewing angle, and the luminance is significantly increased between 0 ° and 35 ° at the opposite side, so that not only the display content of the display device can be prevented from being viewed by the driver during driving, but also the image quality viewed by the co-driver can be improved.
The present invention can control the included angle formed between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42 to control the viewing angle range of the unidirectional narrow viewing angle. As shown in fig. 8, fig. 10b, fig. 11b, fig. 12b, fig. 13b and fig. 14b, when a narrow viewing angle range simulating different included angles between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42 is obtained, the voltage difference between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21 is controlled to be 1.8V. In fig. 8, a curve a corresponds to an included angle of 35 ° between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42, and corresponds to the simulation diagram of viewing angle shown in fig. 14 b; in fig. 8, a curve B corresponds to an included angle of 30 ° between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42, and corresponds to the simulation diagram of viewing angle shown in fig. 13B; in fig. 8, a curve C corresponds to an included angle of 25 ° between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42, and corresponds to the simulation diagram of viewing angle shown in fig. 12 b; in fig. 8, a curve D corresponds to an included angle of 20 ° between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42, and corresponds to the view simulation diagram shown in fig. 11 b; in fig. 8, a curve E corresponds to an included angle formed between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42 being 15 °, which corresponds to the simulation diagram of the viewing angle shown in fig. 10 b. As shown in fig. 9a, fig. 10a, fig. 11a, fig. 12a, fig. 13a and fig. 14a, the included angle between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42 is different, but the wide viewing angle of the display device remains substantially the same, and the viewing angle range of the wide viewing angle is not affected by changing the included angle between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42. As can be seen from fig. 8, fig. 10b, fig. 11b, fig. 12b, fig. 13b and fig. 14b, the included angle formed between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42 is different, and the viewing angle range of the unidirectional narrow viewing angle is also different. The present invention can adjust the optimal narrow viewing angle range by setting the included angle between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42, so as to prevent the driver from viewing the display content on the display device during driving.
The present invention also provides a control method for controlling a display device switchable in one-way viewing angle as described above, the control method including:
as shown in fig. 2 and 5, in the wide viewing angle mode, a dc common voltage Vcom is applied to the common electrode 61, a first voltage is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 11, and a second voltage is applied to the second viewing angle control electrode 21, so that a first voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21, and the magnitude of the first voltage difference is smaller than a first preset value (for example, smaller than 0.5V). For example, the first voltage and the second voltage may be the same in magnitude, or may be two voltages with a smaller voltage difference, so that the voltage difference between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21 is zero or smaller than a first preset value, preferably, the voltage difference between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21 is in a range of 0.1V to 0.5V, and at this time, the positive liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 30 are not substantially deflected in the vertical direction, and a wide viewing angle display is presented. The pixel electrode 63 applies a corresponding gray scale voltage, a voltage difference is formed between the pixel electrode 63 and the common electrode 61, and a horizontal electric field (E2 in fig. 5) is generated, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules are deflected in a direction parallel to the horizontal electric field in the horizontal direction, the gray scale voltage includes 0-255 gray scale voltages, and when different gray scale voltages are applied to the pixel electrode 63, the pixel unit P presents different brightness, thereby displaying different pictures, and realizing normal display of the display device under a wide viewing angle.
As shown in fig. 3 and 6, in the first narrow viewing angle mode, a dc common voltage Vcom is applied to the common electrode 61, a third voltage is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 11, and a fourth voltage is applied to the second viewing angle control electrode 21, so that a second voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21, and the magnitude of the second voltage difference is greater than a second preset value (e.g., greater than 1.1V). Specifically, the third voltage may be a dc common voltage Vcom, the fourth voltage is a voltage having a larger amplitude than the dc common voltage Vcom, a voltage difference between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21 is made larger than a preset value, and a vertical electric field (E1 in fig. 3 and 6) is formed between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, so that positive liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 30 are greatly deflected in a vertical direction, brightness of the display device is reduced in a unidirectional oblique viewing direction, and a unidirectional viewing angle is narrowed, and the display device finally realizes unidirectional narrow viewing angle display. Of course, there is a difference in the optimum voltage value between the first insulating layer 22 and the first liquid crystal layer 30, and the voltages applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21 can be set as they are. The pixel electrode 63 applies a corresponding gray scale voltage, a voltage difference is formed between the pixel electrode 63 and the common electrode 61, and a horizontal electric field (E2 in fig. 6) is generated, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules are deflected in a direction parallel to the horizontal electric field in the horizontal direction, the gray scale voltage includes 0-255 gray scale voltages, and when different gray scale voltages are applied to the pixel electrode 63, the pixel unit P presents different brightness, thereby displaying different pictures, and realizing normal display of the display device under a unidirectional narrow viewing angle.
In the second narrow viewing angle mode, a fifth voltage is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 11, and a sixth voltage is applied to the second viewing angle control electrode 21, so that a third voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21, and the magnitude of the third voltage difference is greater than that of the second voltage difference. Specifically, the fifth voltage may be a dc common voltage Vcom, the sixth voltage is a voltage having a larger amplitude than the dc common voltage Vcom, so that a voltage difference between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21 is larger than a second voltage difference, and a stronger vertical electric field is formed between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, so that a deflection angle of positive liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 30 in the second narrow viewing angle mode is larger than a deflection angle of positive liquid crystal molecules in the first narrow viewing angle mode in the vertical direction, so that the brightness of the display device is reduced in the unidirectional oblique viewing direction and the unidirectional viewing angle is narrowed, and the display device finally realizes unidirectional narrow viewing angle display, but the narrow viewing angle effect is different between the second narrow viewing angle mode and the first narrow viewing angle mode. The value ranges of the second voltage difference and the third voltage difference are both 1.2V to 2.4V, for example, the second voltage difference is 1.2V, and the third voltage difference is 1.3V.
Since the second voltage difference of the first narrow viewing angle mode is greater than the third voltage difference of the second narrow viewing angle mode, the angle at which the positive liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 30 are deflected in the vertical direction in the first narrow viewing angle mode is smaller than the angle at which the positive liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 30 are deflected in the vertical direction in the second narrow viewing angle mode, so that the narrow viewing angle ranges of the first and second narrow viewing angle modes are different. As shown in fig. 13b and fig. 15 to 20, in the narrow viewing angle range simulating different voltage differences between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21, the included angle between the transmission axis of the first polarizer 41 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 42 is controlled to be 30 °. As shown in fig. 15, the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode 11 and the second viewing angle controlling electrode 21 is 1.2V, and the brightness of the upper left corner of the display device is low, i.e. the display screen is difficult to be seen from the upper left corner of the display device; as shown in fig. 16, the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode 11 and the second viewing angle controlling electrode 21 is 1.4V, the brightness at the upper left corner of the display device is low, i.e. the display screen is difficult to be seen from the upper left corner of the display device, but the narrow viewing angle range is shifted downwards relative to 1.2V; as shown in fig. 17, the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode 11 and the second viewing angle controlling electrode 21 is 1.6V, the brightness on the left side of the display device is low, i.e. the display screen is difficult to be seen from the left side of the display device, but the narrow viewing angle range is shifted downwards relative to 1.4V; as shown in fig. 13b, the voltage difference between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21 is 1.8V, the brightness on the left side of the display device is low, i.e. the display is difficult to see from the left side of the display device, but the narrow viewing angle range is shifted downwards relative to 1.6V; as shown in fig. 18, the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode 11 and the second viewing angle controlling electrode 21 is 2.0V, and the brightness is low at the left side of the display device, i.e. the display screen is difficult to be seen from the left side of the display device, but is shifted downward with respect to the narrow viewing angle range at 1.8V; as shown in fig. 19, the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode 11 and the second viewing angle controlling electrode 21 is 2.2V, the luminance at the lower left corner of the display device is low, i.e. the display screen is difficult to be seen from the lower left corner of the display device, but the narrow viewing angle range is shifted downwards relative to 2.0V; as shown in fig. 20, when the voltage difference between the first viewing angle controlling electrode 11 and the second viewing angle controlling electrode 21 is 2.4V, the luminance at the lower left corner of the display device is low, i.e. the display screen is difficult to be seen from the lower left corner of the display device, but the luminance is shifted downward from the narrow viewing angle range at 2.2V. As can be seen from fig. 13b and fig. 15 to 20, the present invention can adjust the optimal narrow viewing angle range by changing the voltage difference between the first viewing angle control electrode 11 and the second viewing angle control electrode 21, so as to prevent the driver from viewing the display content of the display device during driving, and prevent the secondary driver from viewing normally, so as to avoid affecting the driving safety.
The invention also provides an automobile, which comprises the display device with the switchable one-way visual angle, wherein the display device with the switchable one-way visual angle can be used for manufacturing a central control display screen of the automobile, but the display device is not limited to be applied to the automobile and can also be applied to other required places.
In this document, the terms upper, lower, left, right, front, rear and the like are used for defining the positions of the structures in the drawings and the positions of the structures relative to each other, and are only used for the clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims. It is also to be understood that the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used herein for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting in number or order.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A display device with switchable one-way viewing angles comprises a light modulation box, the light modulation box comprises a first substrate (10), a second substrate (20) arranged opposite to the first substrate (10), and a first liquid crystal layer (30) arranged between the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (20), the first substrate (10) is provided with a first viewing angle control electrode (11) on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer (30), the second substrate (20) is provided with a second viewing angle control electrode (21) which is matched with the first viewing angle control electrode (11) at one side facing the first liquid crystal layer (30), a first polarizer (41) is disposed on the first substrate (10), a second polarizer (42) is disposed on the second substrate (20), the included angle between the transmission axis of the first polarizer (41) and the transmission axis of the second polarizer (42) is an acute angle.
2. The switchable display device of claim 1, wherein the first liquid crystal layer (30) is a positive liquid crystal molecule, the first liquid crystal layer (30) is in a flat position and an alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer (30) is parallel to a transmission axis of the second polarizer (42).
3. The switchable display device of claim 1, wherein an angle formed between the transmission axis of the first polarizer (41) and the transmission axis of the second polarizer (42) is 15 ° to 35 °.
4. The switchable display device of claim 1, wherein the first polarizer (41) is disposed on a side of the first substrate (10) away from the first liquid crystal layer (30), and the second polarizer (42) is disposed on a side of the second substrate (20) away from the first liquid crystal layer (30).
5. A unidirectional viewing angle switchable display device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first viewing angle control electrode (11) and the second viewing angle control electrode (21) is provided with a first insulating layer (22) on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer (30).
6. The switchable display device of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a display liquid crystal cell, wherein the display liquid crystal cell is disposed on a side of the light modulation cell close to the second polarizer (42), the display liquid crystal cell includes a color filter substrate (50), an array substrate (60) disposed opposite to the color filter substrate (50), and a second liquid crystal layer (70) disposed between the color filter substrate (50) and the array substrate (60), a third polarizer (43) is disposed on the array substrate (60), and a transmission axis of the third polarizer (43) is perpendicular to a transmission axis of the second polarizer (42).
7. The switchable display device of claim 6, wherein the array substrate (60) is provided with a common electrode (61) and a pixel electrode (63) on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer (70), the pixel electrode (63) and the common electrode (61) are located on different layers and insulated and separated, or the array substrate (60) is provided with a pixel electrode (63) on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer (70), and the color filter substrate (50) is provided with a common electrode (61) on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer (70).
8. The switchable display device of any of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a backlight module, wherein the backlight module is located on a side of the display liquid crystal cell away from the light modulation cell.
9. A control method for controlling a display device with switchable one-way viewing angle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the control method comprising:
in the wide viewing angle mode, a first voltage is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode (11), a second voltage is applied to the second viewing angle control electrode (21), so that a first voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode (11) and the second viewing angle control electrode (21), and the magnitude of the first voltage difference is smaller than a first preset value;
in a first narrow viewing angle mode, applying a third voltage to the first viewing angle control electrode (11), and applying a fourth voltage to the second viewing angle control electrode (21), so that a second voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode (11) and the second viewing angle control electrode (21), and the magnitude of the second voltage difference is greater than a second preset value;
in a second narrow viewing angle mode, a fifth voltage is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode (11), and a sixth voltage is applied to the second viewing angle control electrode (21), so that a third voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode (11) and the second viewing angle control electrode (21), and the magnitude of the third voltage difference is greater than that of the second voltage difference.
10. The control method according to claim 9, wherein the first voltage difference has a value in a range of 0 to 0.5V, and the second voltage difference and the third voltage difference have a value in a range of 1.2 to 2.4V.
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