CN111551904A - Method and device for measuring radar scattering cross section parameter field calibration - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring radar scattering cross section parameter field calibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN111551904A CN111551904A CN202010257855.8A CN202010257855A CN111551904A CN 111551904 A CN111551904 A CN 111551904A CN 202010257855 A CN202010257855 A CN 202010257855A CN 111551904 A CN111551904 A CN 111551904A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for measuring radar scattering cross section parameter field calibration. Obtaining radio frequency signals transmitted by using the radar cross section parameter correction value before the calibrated radar is not calibrated, and calculating the radar scattering cross section parameter RCS-sigma2(ii) a Converting the acquired radio frequency signal into an echo signal containing distance delay and Doppler frequency shift parameters; returning the echo signal to the calibrated radar to obtain a standard radar scattering cross section parameter value RCS ═ sigma-1(ii) a Adjusting the corrected value of the radar cross section parameter to make sigma2＝σ1(ii) a Setting a corrected value of the adjusted radar section parameter; completing the field calibration correction of the calibrated radar; the calibration of the radar to be detected is carried out by continuously adjusting the radar cross section parameter correction value of the radar to be detected on site, so that the uncertainty of the radar scattering cross section parameter calibration is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of microwave measurement, in particular to a method and a device for measuring radar scattering cross section parameter field calibration.
Background
The radar scattering cross section parameter is a very important technical index for measuring the radar, and the accuracy of the parameter directly influences the judgment of the radar on the radar reflection capability of the measured target. The parameter measurement accuracy is an important basis for judging the radar reflection capability index of the measured target. The radar scattering cross section parameter calibration is usually realized by adopting a hollow metal ball or a luneberg ball as a standard body, calculating the radar scattering cross section parameter by combining a radar equation and comparing an actual measurement value with a calculated value. This traditional mode has certain limitation, can't solve the on-the-spot calibration's of continuous wave radar scattering cross section parameter problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a device for field calibration of radar scattering cross section parameters, which are used for solving the problems that the traditional mode has certain limitation and field calibration of the continuous wave radar scattering cross section parameters cannot be solved.
The embodiment of the application adopts the following technical scheme: a field calibration method for measuring radar scattering cross section parameters comprises the following steps:
obtaining radio frequency signals transmitted by using the radar section parameter correction value before the calibrated radar is not calibrated, and calculating the scattering section parameter RCS (total reflection) sigma of the calibrated radar2；
Converting the acquired radio frequency signal into an echo signal containing distance delay and Doppler frequency shift parameters;
returning the echo signal to the calibrated radar to obtain a standard radar scattering cross section parameter value RCS ═ sigma-1；
Adjusting the corrected value of the radar cross section parameter to make sigma2＝σ1；
And setting and using the adjusted radar section parameter correction value to finish the field calibration correction of the calibrated radar.
Further, the radio frequency signal transmitted by using the radar section parameter correction value K2 before the calibrated radar is calibrated is obtained through the receiving antenna.
Further, the echo signal acquiring step is as follows: converting the acquired radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal which can accurately control the output delay, frequency and power; constructing a Doppler frequency shift signal; doppler modulation is carried out on the intermediate frequency analog signal by the Doppler frequency shift signal; an echo signal is obtained that contains range delay and doppler shift parameters.
Further, the intermediate frequency analog signal obtaining step is as follows: acquiring a radio frequency signal and then performing signal amplification processing; carrying out signal carrier frequency reduction and carrier frequency removal on the amplified radio frequency signal to obtain baseband signal processing; then converting the processed radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency signal; storing the intermediate frequency signal to a digital signal processing board; converting by a digital signal processing board to obtain accurate controllable intermediate frequency analog signals of frequency and power; and then the corresponding time delay control is carried out through the communication control interface.
Further, the method for constructing a doppler shifted signal comprises the steps of: the intermediate frequency reference signal is used as a clock signal after corresponding frequency conversion through a DDS technology; a doppler shifted signal is obtained that is digitally controlled.
Further, the radar scattering cross section parameter calculation formula comprises:
wherein: sigma is a radar scattering cross section parameter of the target; k is a radar section parameter correction value; prTarget echo power received for the radar; r is the distance from the radar antenna to the calibration body; l ismAtmospheric transmission loss from the radar to the calibration body; .
An apparatus for measuring radar scattering cross section parameter field calibration method includes:
the receiving antenna is used for acquiring radio frequency signals;
the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting echo signals;
low noise amplifier for signal amplification;
the second filter is used for effectively filtering frequencies except the echo signal frequency point;
the down converter is used for reducing the carrier frequency of the amplified radio frequency signal and removing the carrier frequency to obtain baseband signal processing;
the up-converter is used for frequency shifting the frequency spectrum of the echo signal to a required carrier frequency;
the filter amplifier is used for converting the radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency signal;
the first filter is used for effectively filtering frequencies except the echo signal frequency point;
a first quadrature demodulator for converting the intermediate frequency signal into a digital domain;
a second quadrature demodulator for converting the digital domain into a callback signal;
the Beidou time synchronizer is used for time control of the device;
the digital signal processing board is used for sampling and storing the acquired intermediate frequency analog signals at a high speed;
a remote control instrument for controlling the device;
a communication control interface for instruction acceptance;
a power supply system for power supply of the device.
Further, the output end of the receiving antenna is electrically connected with the low-noise input end; the low-noise output end is electrically connected with the input end of the down converter; the output end of the down converter is electrically connected with the filter amplifier; the output end of the filter amplifier is electrically connected with the input end of the first quadrature demodulator; the first quadrature demodulator is electrically connected with the input end of the digital signal processing board.
Further, the output end of the digital signal processing board is electrically connected with the second quadrature demodulator; the output end of the second quadrature demodulator is electrically connected with the first filtering input end; the first filtering output end is electrically connected with the up-conversion input end; the up-conversion output end is electrically connected with the input end of the second filter; the output end of the second filter is connected with the input end of the transmitting antenna.
Further, the device also comprises a radar grid for inhibiting multipath effect in the calibration process
The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects: through the parameter K of the measured radar which is continuously adjusted on site, the measured radar can be calibrated on site, the uncertainty of the radar scattering cross section parameter calibration is smaller than a specified value, the problem of accuracy of the radar scattering cross section parameter on-site calibration is solved, the accuracy of quantity value transmission of the radar scattering cross section parameter is guaranteed, and reliable guarantee is provided for accurate evaluation of the performance of a radar system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a field calibration method for measuring radar scattering cross-section parameters according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation in a laboratory of the field calibration method for measuring radar scattering cross-section parameters according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation outside a laboratory of the field calibration method for measuring radar scattering cross-section parameters according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an implementation outside a laboratory of the field calibration method for measuring radar scattering cross-section parameters according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring radar scattering cross-section parameter field calibration provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The field calibration method for measuring the radar scattering cross section parameter provided in embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
step 21, obtaining a radio frequency signal emitted by the calibrated radar before being calibrated by using the radar cross section parameter correction value K2, obtaining the radio frequency signal emitted by the calibrated radar before being calibrated by using the radar cross section parameter correction value K2 through a receiving antenna, and calculating the RCS (radio frequency scattering) cross section parameter of the calibrated radar by using a rear computer device2；
Step 22, converting the acquired radio frequency signal into an echo signal containing distance delay and Doppler frequency shift parameters; preferably, the acquired radio frequency signal is converted into an intermediate frequency analog signal which can accurately control the output delay, frequency and power; the intermediate frequency reference signal is used as a clock signal after corresponding frequency conversion through a DDS technology; obtaining a doppler shift signal that is digitally controlled; doppler modulation is carried out on the intermediate frequency analog signal by the Doppler frequency shift signal; obtaining an echo signal containing distance delay and Doppler frequency shift parameters;
and step 25, setting and using the adjusted radar section parameter correction value K1 to finish the field calibration correction of the calibrated radar.
Further, the step of acquiring the intermediate frequency analog signal is as follows: acquiring a radio frequency signal and then performing signal amplification processing; carrying out signal carrier frequency reduction and carrier frequency removal on the amplified radio frequency signal to obtain baseband signal processing; then converting the processed radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency signal; storing the intermediate frequency signal to a digital signal processing board; converting by a digital signal processing board to obtain accurate controllable intermediate frequency analog signals of frequency and power; and then the corresponding time delay control is carried out through the communication control interface.
The radar scattering cross section parameter calculation formula comprises:
wherein: sigma is a radar scattering cross section parameter of the target; k is a radar section parameter correction value; prTarget echo power received for the radar; r is the distance from the radar antenna to the calibration body; l ismIs the atmospheric transmission loss between the radar and the calibration body.
The specific calculation process is as follows:
the radar equation adopting the separated receiving and transmitting antennas is shown in the formula (1):
in the formula:
Prtarget echo power received by the radar, W;
Pt-radar transmission power, W;
Gtgain of the transmit antenna in the target direction, dB;
Grthe gain of the receiving antenna in the target direction, dB;
λ -radar wavelength, m;
sigma-radar cross section of the target, m2；
Lt-transmit feeder branch loss, dB;
Rt-the distance of the transmitting antenna to the target, m;
Rr-the distance of the receiving antenna to the target, m;
Lmtatmospheric transmission loss between the transmitting system to the target, dB;
Lmr-atmospheric transmission loss between the receiving system to the target, dB;
Lr-receive feeder branch loss, dB;
Lppolarization loss, dB.
Equation of single-station radar(2) When R is equal to Rt＝Rr、Lm＝Lmr＝Lmt。
The radar scattering cross section can be represented by equation (3):
the corrected value K of the section parameter of the radar is as follows:
therefore, the radar scattering cross section can be changed to (5) to represent:
wherein: sigma is a radar scattering cross section parameter of the target; k is a radar section parameter correction value; prTarget echo power received for the radar; r is the distance from the radar antenna to the calibration body; l ismIs the atmospheric transmission loss between the radar and the calibration body.
According to the equation (1) of the transmitting and receiving separated radar, the K value of the radar can be obtained, and the formula (6) is shown.
Wherein:
σsradar cross section of standard body, m2；
Prs-echo power of the standard volume, W;
Rs-distance, m, of the radar antenna to the calibration body;
Lmsatmospheric transmission loss between radar to calibration volume, dB;
the specific implementation principle is shown in fig. 2.
And (3) calibration process: the quasi-device delays, amplifies and modulates Doppler information of a received radar signal at a certain distance from the continuous wave measurement radar and then forwards the radar signal back to the radar; when the parameters such as the gain of the receiving and transmitting antenna, the gain of the amplifier and the like are constant, the calibrating device is equivalent to a standard radar target with fixed radar scattering cross section parameters and certain speed, and the equivalent radar scattering cross section parameters can be obtained by tracing to a standard body and used as a calibration value of the continuous wave measuring radar to finish calibration.
Example 2
In the field calibration method for measuring the radar scattering cross section parameter provided in this embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 3, outside a laboratory (i.e., external field calibration), a specific calibration process is as follows:
the outfield calibration is mainly to carry out field quantity value transmission on the K value of the radar so as to realize correction, so that the outfield calibration is suitable for the field measurement environment of the outfield.
The K value of the calibrated continuous wave measuring radar is usually obtained by combining theoretical calculation and laboratory calibration, and the measurement result is more accurate in a laboratory environment due to calibration in the laboratory environment. Since the external field environment is relatively complex and is affected by environmental factors such as multipath effect and atmospheric attenuation, the K value obtained in the laboratory environment has a large error when applied in the external field environment. Therefore, the value of K of the continuous wave radar needs to be transferred under the actual external field measurement environment to correct the change of the value of K caused by different environments.
When correcting the K value factor of the radar by external field calibration, the calibration device is erected on a high tower (or in an actual measurement environment), the distance R between the calibrated radar and the calibration device is accurately measured by a total station, the calibrated radar transmits radar signals, the calibration device receives the signals, the received radar signals are delayed, amplified and modulated with Doppler information, then radar target characteristic signal true value radar scattering cross section parameters are dynamically simulated, the radar signals are forwarded back to the calibrated radar, the calibrated radar tracks and measures in real time, and radar scattering cross section parameter measured values are calculated.
Clock synchronization between the calibration device and the calibrated radar is completed by the Beidou synchronous instrument, and self calibration is completed by comparing the measured value of the scattering cross section parameter of the calibrated radar with the radar scattering cross section parameter generated by the calibration device at the same moment. And in the calibration process, a radar grid is erected in a preset area to inhibit the multipath effect, so that the K value of the radar in the field use environment is obtained.
The external field calibration mode of the external field continuous wave radar scattering cross section parameter is divided into regular calibration of equipment and real-time calibration of test. The equipment regular calibration refers to the conventional external field calibration according to a set period aiming at the continuous wave radar cross section parameters, and aims to ensure the accuracy of the continuous wave radar antenna radar cross section parameter correction value K to a certain extent and basically guarantee the continuous wave radar cross section parameter measurement; the test real-time calibration refers to special calibration performed during an external field test of weapon models, and specifically refers to calibration of continuous wave radar cross section parameters before and after the test according to external environment change conditions, so that the condition of the external environment in the radar measurement process and the external environment in the external field calibration process are ensured to be consistent as much as possible, measurement errors caused by the change of the external environment along with time are reduced, the K value of the radar in the field use environment is obtained, and the real-time measurement precision of the continuous wave radar on the target radar cross section parameters is improved.
Referring to fig. 4, the periodic calibration process of the external field calibration device includes the following steps:
Example 3
In this embodiment 3, an apparatus for measuring a radar scattering cross section parameter in-situ calibration method is provided, please refer to fig. 5, which includes:
the receiving antenna 1 is used for acquiring radio frequency signals;
the transmitting antenna 2 is used for transmitting echo signals;
the low noise amplifier 3 is used for signal amplification processing;
the second filter 4 is used for effectively filtering frequencies except the echo signal frequency point;
the down converter 5 is used for reducing the carrier frequency of the amplified radio frequency signal and removing the carrier frequency to obtain baseband signal processing;
the up-converter 6 is used for frequency shifting the frequency spectrum of the echo signal to a required carrier frequency;
the filter amplifier 7 is used for converting the radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency signal;
the first filter 8 is used for effectively filtering frequencies except the echo signal frequency point;
a first quadrature demodulator 9 for converting the intermediate frequency signal into the digital domain;
a second quadrature demodulator 10 for converting the digital domain into a callback signal;
the Beidou time synchronizer 11 is used for time control of the device;
the digital signal processing board 12 is used for sampling and storing the acquired intermediate frequency analog signals at a high speed, and comprises a digital storage function, a delay function and a Doppler generation function;
a remote control unit 13 for controlling the apparatus;
a communication control interface 14 for instruction acceptance;
a power supply system 15 for power supply of the device;
further, the output end of the receiving antenna 1 is electrically connected with the input end of the low noise 3; the output end of the low noise 3 is electrically connected with the input end of the down converter 5; the output end of the down converter 5 is electrically connected with the filter amplifier 7; the output end of the filter amplifier 7 is electrically connected with the input end of the first quadrature demodulator 9; the first quadrature demodulator 9 is electrically connected to the input of the digital signal processing board 12. The output end of the digital signal processing board 12 is electrically connected with the second quadrature demodulator 9; the output end of the second quadrature demodulator 9 is electrically connected with the input end of the first filter 8; the output end of the first filter 8 is electrically connected with the input end of the up-conversion 6; the output end of the up-conversion 6 is electrically connected with the input end of the second filter 4; the output end of the second filter 4 is connected with the input end of the transmitting antenna 2, and the converted callback signal is completely coherent with the transmitting signal and contains distance, speed and amplitude information. When the external field is calibrated, the device also comprises a radar grid which is matched with the external field for inhibiting the multipath effect in the calibration process.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A field calibration method for measuring radar scattering cross section parameters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining the radio frequency signal emitted by the calibrated radar using the radar section parameter correction value before the calibrated radar is not calibrated, and calculating the scattering cutoff of the calibrated radarSurface parameter RCS ═ σ2；
Converting the acquired radio frequency signal into an echo signal containing distance delay and Doppler frequency shift parameters;
returning the echo signal to the calibrated radar to obtain a standard radar scattering cross section parameter value RCS ═ sigma-1；
Adjusting the corrected value of the radar cross section parameter to make sigma2＝σ1；
And setting and using the adjusted radar section parameter correction value to finish the field calibration correction of the calibrated radar.
2. The in-situ calibration method for measuring the radar cross-section parameter as recited in claim 1, wherein the radio frequency signal transmitted by using the radar cross-section parameter correction value K2 before the calibrated radar is not calibrated is obtained through the receiving antenna.
3. The in-situ calibration method for measuring the radar scattering cross section parameter as recited in claim 1, wherein the echo signal obtaining step comprises: converting the acquired radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal which can accurately control the output delay, frequency and power; constructing a Doppler frequency shift signal; doppler modulation is carried out on the intermediate frequency analog signal by the Doppler frequency shift signal; an echo signal is obtained that contains range delay and doppler shift parameters.
4. The in-situ calibration method for measuring the radar scattering cross section parameter as recited in claim 3, wherein the intermediate frequency analog signal obtaining step comprises: acquiring a radio frequency signal and then performing signal amplification processing; carrying out signal carrier frequency reduction and carrier frequency removal on the amplified radio frequency signal to obtain baseband signal processing; then converting the processed radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency signal; storing the intermediate frequency signal to a digital signal processing board; converting by a digital signal processing board to obtain accurate controllable intermediate frequency analog signals of frequency and power; and then the corresponding time delay control is carried out through the communication control interface.
5. The in-situ calibration method for measuring radar cross-section parameters according to claim 3, wherein the method step of constructing a Doppler shift signal comprises: the intermediate frequency reference signal is used as a clock signal after corresponding frequency conversion through a DDS technology; a doppler shifted signal is obtained that is digitally controlled.
6. The in-situ calibration method for measuring the radar scattering cross section parameter as recited in claim 1, wherein the radar scattering cross section parameter calculation formula comprises:
wherein: sigma is a radar scattering cross section parameter of the target; k is a radar section parameter correction value; prTarget echo power received for the radar; r is the distance from the radar antenna to the calibration body; l ismIs the atmospheric transmission loss between the radar and the calibration body.
7. An apparatus for measuring radar scattering cross section parameter field calibration method, characterized by comprising:
the receiving antenna is used for acquiring radio frequency signals;
the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting echo signals;
low noise amplifier for signal amplification;
the second filter is used for effectively filtering frequencies except the echo signal frequency point;
the down converter is used for reducing the carrier frequency of the amplified radio frequency signal and removing the carrier frequency to obtain baseband signal processing;
the up-converter is used for frequency shifting the frequency spectrum of the echo signal to a required carrier frequency;
the filter amplifier is used for converting the radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency signal;
the first filter is used for effectively filtering frequencies except the echo signal frequency point;
a first quadrature demodulator for converting the intermediate frequency signal into a digital domain;
a second quadrature demodulator for converting the digital domain into a callback signal;
the Beidou time synchronizer is used for time control of the device;
the digital signal processing board is used for sampling and storing the acquired intermediate frequency analog signals at a high speed;
a remote control instrument for controlling the device;
a communication control interface for instruction acceptance;
a power supply system for power supply of the device.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the output terminal of the receiving antenna is electrically connected to the low noise input terminal; the low-noise output end is electrically connected with the input end of the down converter; the output end of the down converter is electrically connected with the filter amplifier; the output end of the filter amplifier is electrically connected with the input end of the first quadrature demodulator; the first quadrature demodulator is electrically connected with the input end of the digital signal processing board.
9. The device for the in-situ calibration of the measurement radar cross-section parameter according to claim 7, wherein the output end of the digital signal processing board is electrically connected with the second quadrature demodulator; the output end of the second quadrature demodulator is electrically connected with the first filtering input end; the first filtering output end is electrically connected with the up-conversion input end; the up-conversion output end is electrically connected with the input end of the second filter; the output end of the second filter is connected with the input end of the transmitting antenna.
10. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a radar grid for suppressing multipath effects during calibration.
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| CN116449327A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-07-18 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Method and system for measuring radar scattering cross section by extrapolation based on pulse compression method |
| CN116449327B (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-10-13 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Method and system for measuring radar scattering cross section by extrapolation based on pulse compression method |
| CN117630511A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-01 | 北京理工大学 | Equivalent far-field RCS measurement method and system based on Longber lens antenna |
| CN117630511B (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-04-05 | 北京理工大学 | Equivalent far-field RCS measurement method and system based on Longber lens antenna |
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Application publication date: 20200818 |