CN103675774B - The outer calibrating method of a kind of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer - Google Patents

The outer calibrating method of a kind of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer Download PDF

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CN103675774B
CN103675774B CN201310638139.4A CN201310638139A CN103675774B CN 103675774 B CN103675774 B CN 103675774B CN 201310638139 A CN201310638139 A CN 201310638139A CN 103675774 B CN103675774 B CN 103675774B
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satellite
calibration
receiving cable
gain
branch road
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CN103675774A (en
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吕爱玲
段崇棣
金阿鑫
王小宁
薛强
贾建超
贺荣荣
欧祥荣
刘丽霞
陈文新
李�浩
谭小敏
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Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications

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  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses the outer calibrating method of a kind of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer, large scattering resonance state is needed to calibrate target problem for satellite-borne microwave scatterometer, step is as follows: 1, calculate the Covering time of satellite and the antenna direction of source scaler according to the orbit parameter of satellite, and the antenna direction of active calibration is adjusted to assigned address; 2 satellites carry out to active calibration the gain that self calibration obtains forwarding channel and receiving cable before arriving; 3, the gain of forwarding channel is utilized to calculate backscattering coefficient; 4, satellite-borne microwave scatterometer calculates the backscattering coefficient of source scaler; 5, the backscattering coefficient calculated by step (3) and (4) obtains final modified value.Present invention achieves large scattering cross-section and (can 100dBm be reached 2), high-precision source scaler.

Description

The outer calibrating method of a kind of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave remote sensing technique field, particularly relate to the outer calibrating method of a kind of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer.
Background technology
Calibration technology is a gordian technique in Microwave Scatterometer System design.Calibration is divided into internal calibration and outer calibration, and internal calibration mainly eliminates the impact that in receive-transmit system, various Parameters variation brings, and improves the precision that backscattering coefficient is measured, and it is the key improving backscattering coefficient measuring accuracy.Outer calibration is that some also not taking into account in elimination radar equation are difficult to estimate, is difficult to again the impact (as atmospheric loss etc.) of the parameter of testing, reaches the object of quantitative measurment.Outer calibration simultaneously also can realize the inflight measurement to radar directional pattern and some parameters.
Up to the present, the implementation method that satellite-borne microwave scatterometer is calibrated outward mainly contains: calibration land station (source scaler), targets in ocean, land target (Amazon tropic rain forest), the calibration of star intersection.The SASS scatterometer wherein launched except in June, 1978 does not adopt outside source scaler carries out calibrating in-orbit except, and remaining scatterometer NSCAT, ASCAT and Seawinds scatterometer has all used source scaler technology to achieve outer calibration in-orbit.Source scaler technology realizes the microwave scatterometer outer important realization means calibrated in-orbit.
Source scaler for the development of NSCAT scatterometer has two kinds of mode of operations, i.e. receiving mode and emission mode, source scaler forms primarily of the transmitter and receiver of Ku wave band, and transmitter and receiver shares an antenna, and has the conversion of special computing system control model.When satellite flies over, source scaler receives the signal that satellite-borne microwave scatterometer is launched in the receiving mode, in the transmission mode, launches known signal to satellite-borne microwave scatterometer.
Source scaler for the development of ASCAT scatterometer is a kind of point target with the known scattering resonance state of high precision, after source scaler receives the laggard line delay that transmits from ASCAT scatterometer, then signal is forwarded back on star.Due to the method (when receiving different with transmitting) of the time delay forwarding that source scaler adopts, source scaler adopts the version of an antenna.
What Seawinds microwave scatterometer was developed is the passive point target source scaler only with receiving function.Be mainly used in the basic parameter measuring scatterometer.
The ground resolution cell of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer is comparatively large, and outside in calibration, need for satellite-borne microwave scatterometer provides the point target of high scattering resonance state, the scattering resonance state that General Requirements calibrates target outward reaches 100dBm 2above.Adopt the working method difficulty receiving simultaneously and forward comparatively large, what therefore current satellite-borne microwave scatterometer source scaler mainly adopted is following two kinds of modes:
Initiatively source scaler receive the signal from scatterometer and transmit (known signal or time delay amplify after signal) to scatterometer, passive source scaler mainly receives transmitting of scatterometer and carries out data storage, by follow-up process software, from the data stored, obtain the correlation parameter that scatterometer transmits.
The above main deficiency of outer calibrating method is: wherein calibrate method for designing outward for NSCAT and ASCAT, needs space scatterometer to carry out the Model Design of being correlated with in conjunction with the design of source scaler.The source scaler of calibrating design outward for Seawinds is the design of passive source scaler, is mainly used in the basic parameter measuring scatterometer, absolute backscattering cross cannot be provided to amass for satellite-borne microwave scatterometer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the above-mentioned deficiency overcoming prior art, provide a kind of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer outer calibrating method, this method adopts the source scaler of simultaneously receiving and dispatching to complete outer calibration process, achieves large scattering cross-section and (can reach 100dBm 2), high-precision source scaler.
The technology of the present invention solution:
It is as follows that the outer calibrating method of a kind of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer comprises step:
(1) calculate the Covering time of satellite and the antenna direction of source scaler according to the orbit parameter of satellite, and the antenna direction of source scaler is adjusted to assigned address;
(2) carry out self calibration to the receiving cable of source scaler and forwarding channel, self calibration is divided into 3 branch roads to carry out, and is defined as calibration branch road 1,2 and 3 respectively; 3 described calibration branch road calibration stepss are as follows:
A () utilizes branch road 1 pair of receiving cable to calibrate, the rate-aided signal of calibration is successively through receiving cable front end and receiving cable rear end, finally enter the output power that processor obtains receiving cable, the power then utilizing receiving cable to obtain and the ratio of rate-aided signal power input complete the calibration to receiving channel gain;
Receiving cable gain G refor:
G re = P oc 1 P c 1 = L f 1 G r 1 G r 2 - - - ( 1 )
Wherein: P oc1for calibrating the output power of branch road 1; P c1for the power input of rate-aided signal; L f1for the Insertion Loss of receiving cable front end; G r1for the gain (3 select the gain before 1 switch) of receiving cable front end; G r2for the gain of receiving cable rear end;
B () utilizes branch road 2 and branch road 3 pairs of forwarding channels to calibrate, calibration process is as follows:
(ba) rate-aided signal of calibrating successively through the receiving cable front end of branch road 2, radio frequency amplify and receiving cable rear end, finally enter processor and obtain output power P oc2for:
P oc2=P c2l f1g r1g trl attg r2=P c2l f1g alwaysl attg r2(2)
Wherein: P oc2for calibrating the output power of branch road 2; P c2for the power input of rate-aided signal; L f1for the Insertion Loss of receiving cable front end; G r1for the gain (3 select the gain before 1 switch) of receiver channel front end; G trfor the gain of radio frequency amplifier section; L attfor the degree of coupling of radio frequency amplifier section; G r2for the gain of receiver channel rear end; G alwaysfor the full gain of forwarding channel;
(bb) rate-aided signal of calibrating arrives processor and obtains output power P through the receiving cable rear end of branch road 3 oc3for:
P oc3=P c3L f2G r2（3）
Wherein: P oc3for the received power that calibration branch road 3 is held after the receipt; P c3for inputting the power of rate-aided signal; L f2for calibrating the Insertion Loss of branch road 3; G r2for receiving the gain of rear end;
(bc) the output power P that step (ba) and (bb) obtain is utilized oc2and P oc3complete the calibration to forwarding channel gain:
(3) when satellite enters the range of receiving of source scaler (in described range of receiving, source scaler can receive transmitting of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer), source scaler receives transmitting of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer, and frequency conversion amplification and storage are carried out through receiving cable in the road that will transmit, another road signal is forwarded back to satellite-borne microwave scatterometer simultaneously;
(4) G obtained in step (2) is utilized alwayscalculate the normalized radar backscatter cross section σ of source scaler aRCfor:
Wherein, λ is wavelength, G rARCfor source scaler receiving antenna gain, G alwaysfor the gain of source scaler radio frequency amplification channel, G tARCfor source scaler transmitter antenna gain (dBi);
(5) signal that satellite-borne microwave scatterometer utilizes the source scaler received to forward calculates the backscattering cross σ of source scaler 1, and the σ obtained by step (3) aRCwith σ 1compare and obtain outer scaled correction coefficient, so utilize this coefficient to satellite reception to the source scaler backscattering cross that points to scope other signals outer revise.
Described rate-aided signal is connected by selector switch with receiving cable front end and receiving cable rear end, and selects to connect calibration branch road 1, calibration branch road 2 or calibration branch road 3 by selector switch.
The present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
(1) present invention achieves large scattering cross-section, can 100dBm be reached 2, and achieving the outer calibrating method simultaneously received and dispatched under mode of operation, the present invention does not need satellite-borne microwave scatterometer to do relevant adaptive Model Design, and therefore versatility of the present invention is stronger.
(2) adopt 3 self calibration branch roads to ask for the method for the receiving cable of source scaler and the gain of forwarding channel in the present invention, make the backscattering cross of outer calibration target have higher precision.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the inventive method process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is source scaler structural drawing of the present invention.
Embodiment
By specific embodiment, further detailed description is carried out to the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Be illustrated in figure 2 the structural drawing of source scaler of the present invention, source scaler comprises dual-mode antenna, receiving cable front end, receiving cable rear end, radio frequency amplify and data processor, wherein receiving cable front end comprises again 2 and selects 1 switch, amplifier and power splitter; Receiving cable rear end comprises 3 and selects 1 switch and frequency conversion to amplify.Receiving cable front end, receiving cable rear end and data processor form receiving cable; Receiving cable front end, radio frequency are amplified and data processor forms forwarding channel.
Wherein, the branch road that receiving cable front end, receiving cable rear end and processor form is defined as branch road 1; The branch road that receiving cable front end, radio frequency amplification, receiving cable rear end and processor form is defined as branch road 2; The branch road of receiving cable rear end and processor composition is defined as branch road 3.
As shown in Figure 1, to comprise step as follows for the outer calibrating method of a kind of satellite-borne microwave of the present invention scatterometer:
(1) calculate the Covering time of satellite and the antenna direction of source scaler according to the orbit parameter of satellite, and the antenna direction of source scaler is adjusted to assigned address (when described assigned address refers to that satellite crosses top, source scaler points to the position of satellite);
(2) carry out self calibration to the receiving cable of source scaler and forwarding channel, self calibration is divided into 3 branch roads to carry out, and is defined as calibration branch road 1,2 and 3 respectively; 3 described calibration branch road calibration stepss are as follows:
A () utilizes branch road 1 pair of receiving cable to calibrate, the rate-aided signal of calibration is successively through receiving cable front end and receiving cable rear end, finally enter the output power that processor obtains receiving cable, the power then utilizing receiving cable to obtain and the ratio of rate-aided signal power input complete the calibration receiving channel gain (can satisfy condition to the demand of receiving cable as long as meet user);
Receiving cable gain G refor:
G re = P oc 1 P c 1 = L f 1 G r 1 G r 2 - - - ( 1 )
Wherein: P oc1for calibrating the output power of branch road 1; P c1for the power input of rate-aided signal; L f1for the Insertion Loss of receiving cable front end; G r1for the gain (3 select the gain before 1 switch) of receiving cable front end; G r2for the gain of receiving cable rear end;
B () utilizes branch road 2 and branch road 3 pairs of forwarding channels to calibrate, calibration process is as follows:
(ba) rate-aided signal of calibrating successively through the receiving cable front end of branch road 2, radio frequency amplify and receiving cable rear end, finally enter processor and obtain output power P oc2for:
P oc2=P c2l f1g r1g trl attg r2=P c2l f1g alwaysl attg r2(2)
Wherein: P oc2for calibrating the output power of branch road 2; P c2for the power input of rate-aided signal; L f1for the Insertion Loss of receiving cable front end; G r1for the gain (3 select the gain before 1 switch) of receiver channel front end; G trfor the gain of radio frequency amplifier section; L attfor the degree of coupling of radio frequency amplifier section; G r2for the gain of receiver channel rear end; G alwaysfor the full gain of forwarding channel;
(bb) rate-aided signal of calibrating arrives processor and obtains output power P through the receiving cable rear end of branch road 3 oc3for:
P oc3=P c3L f2G r2（3）
Wherein: P oc3for the received power that calibration branch road 3 is held after the receipt; P c3for inputting the power of rate-aided signal; L f2for calibrating the Insertion Loss of branch road 3; G r2for receiving the gain of rear end;
(bc) the output power P that step (ba) and (bb) obtain is utilized oc2and P oc3complete the calibration to forwarding channel gain:
(3) when satellite enters the range of receiving of source scaler (in described range of receiving, source scaler can receive transmitting of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer), source scaler receives transmitting of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer, and frequency conversion amplification and storage are carried out through receiving cable in the road that will transmit, another road signal is forwarded back to satellite-borne microwave scatterometer simultaneously;
(4) G obtained in step (2) is utilized alwayscalculate the normalized radar backscatter cross section σ of source scaler aRC
For:
Wherein, λ is wavelength, G rARCfor source scaler receiving antenna gain, G alwaysfor the gain of source scaler radio frequency amplification channel, G tARCfor source scaler transmitter antenna gain (dBi);
(5) signal that satellite-borne microwave scatterometer utilizes the source scaler received to forward calculates the backscattering cross σ of source scaler 1, and the σ obtained by step (3) aRCwith σ 1compare and obtain outer scaled correction coefficient, so utilize this coefficient to satellite reception to the source scaler backscattering cross that points to scope other signals outer revise.
Described rate-aided signal is connected by selector switch with receiving cable front end and receiving cable rear end, and selects to connect calibration branch road 1, calibration branch road 2 or calibration branch road 3 by selector switch
The present invention has been applied in China HY-2A satellite microwave scatterometer and has calibrated outward, and the source scaler of carrying microwave scatterometer requirement has the function receiving simultaneously and forward, and scattering resonance state is 100dBm 2, internal calibration precision is 0.1dB, and absolute calibration precision is 0.9dB.The present invention has carried out outer bracketing in-orbit to microwave scatterometer, by the data processing software in later stage, analyzing and processing is carried out to the data result of test, result shows that this kind of method can provide accurately known backscattering cross for satellite-borne microwave scatterometer, can as the outer calibration target of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer.Apply the absolute calibration precision of this kind of calibrating method within 0.9dB,
Reach international most advanced level.Test findings is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 space scatterometer is the backscattering coefficient deck watch (unit: dB) of Amazon tropic rain forest
The content be not described in detail in instructions of the present invention belongs to the known technology of professional and technical personnel in the field.

Claims (2)

1. the outer calibrating method of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer, is characterized in that comprising step as follows:
(1) calculate the Covering time of satellite and the antenna direction of source scaler according to the orbit parameter of satellite, and the antenna direction of source scaler is adjusted to assigned address;
(2) carry out self calibration to the receiving cable of source scaler and forwarding channel, self calibration is divided into 3 branch roads to carry out, and is defined as calibration branch road 1,2 and 3 respectively; 3 described calibration branch road calibration stepss are as follows:
A () utilizes branch road 1 pair of receiving cable to calibrate, the rate-aided signal of calibration is successively through receiving cable front end and receiving cable rear end, finally enter the output power that processor obtains receiving cable, the power then utilizing receiving cable to obtain and the ratio of rate-aided signal power input complete the calibration to receiving channel gain;
Receiving cable gain G refor:
G re = P oc 1 P c 1 = L f 1 G r 1 G r 2 - - - ( 1 )
Wherein: P oc1for calibrating the output power of branch road 1; P c1for the power input of rate-aided signal; L f1for the Insertion Loss of receiving cable front end; G r1for the gain of receiving cable front end; G r2for the gain of receiving cable rear end;
B () utilizes branch road 2 and branch road 3 pairs of forwarding channels to calibrate, calibration process is as follows:
(ba) rate-aided signal of calibrating successively through the receiving cable front end of branch road 2, radio frequency amplify and receiving cable rear end, finally enter processor and obtain output power P oc2for:
P oc2=P c2l f1g r1g trl attg r2=P c2l f1g alwaysl attg r2(2)
Wherein: P oc2for calibrating the output power of branch road 2; P c2for the power input of rate-aided signal; L f1for the Insertion Loss of receiving cable front end; G r1for the gain of receiver channel front end; G trfor the gain of radio frequency amplifier section; L attfor the degree of coupling of radio frequency amplifier section; G r2for the gain of receiver channel rear end; G alwaysfor the full gain of forwarding channel;
(bb) rate-aided signal of calibrating arrives processor and obtains output power P through the receiving cable rear end of branch road 3 oc3for:
P oc3＝P c3L f2G r2(3)
Wherein: P oc3for the received power that calibration branch road 3 is held after the receipt; P c3for inputting the power of rate-aided signal; L f2for calibrating the Insertion Loss of branch road 3; G r2for receiving the gain of rear end;
(bc) the output power P that step (ba) and (bb) obtain is utilized oc2and P oc3complete the calibration to forwarding channel gain:
(3) when satellite enters the range of receiving of source scaler, source scaler receives transmitting of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer, and frequency conversion amplification and storage are carried out through receiving cable in the road that will transmit, another road signal is forwarded back to satellite-borne microwave scatterometer by forwarding channel simultaneously;
(4) G obtained in step (2) is utilized alwayscalculate the normalized radar backscatter cross section σ of source scaler aRCfor:
Wherein, λ is wavelength, G rARCfor source scaler receiving antenna gain, G alwaysfor the full gain of forwarding channel, G tARCfor source scaler transmitter antenna gain (dBi);
(5) signal that satellite-borne microwave scatterometer utilizes the source scaler received to forward calculates the backscattering cross σ of source scaler 1, and the σ obtained by step (3) aRCwith σ 1compare and obtain outer scaled correction coefficient, so utilize this coefficient to satellite reception to the source scaler backscattering cross that points to scope other signals outer revise.
2. the outer calibrating method of a kind of satellite-borne microwave scatterometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rate-aided signal is connected by selector switch with receiving cable front end and receiving cable rear end, and select to connect calibration branch road 1, calibration branch road 2 or calibration branch road 3 by selector switch.
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CN106610491B (en) * 2016-12-21 2019-10-15 广州市气象台 The method of inspection and device of satellite-borne SAR backscattering coefficient
CN106918826B (en) * 2017-02-17 2019-05-17 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 A kind of calibration range-measurement system of interferometric radiometer, calibration and H_2O maser method
CN112636844B (en) * 2020-11-10 2023-03-31 北京遥测技术研究所 High-precision microwave internal calibrator for transceiver subsystem
CN113534150B (en) * 2021-06-08 2022-04-05 国家卫星海洋应用中心 Satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar ocean scene observation radar gain setting method and system
CN114217276A (en) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-22 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 Device and method for simulating scattering characteristics of naval vessel

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