CN111551599A - 一种磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111551599A
CN111551599A CN202010603714.7A CN202010603714A CN111551599A CN 111551599 A CN111551599 A CN 111551599A CN 202010603714 A CN202010603714 A CN 202010603714A CN 111551599 A CN111551599 A CN 111551599A
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刘本志
陈天明
金建祥
周飞
王群
张红梅
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Abstract

一种磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器的制备方法,以处理过的玻碳电极作为基底,在邻苯二胺和磺胺甲恶唑的硫酸钠溶液中电聚合形成分子印迹聚合物制得,并用乙醇溶液去除模板,得到对磺胺甲恶唑选择性响应的分子印迹电化学传感器。对磺胺甲恶唑的检出限为9×10‑8 mol/L,线性范围为2×10‑7mol/L‑1.5×10‑6 mol/L。本发明制备出的分子印迹电化学传感器具有良好的稳定性和选择性。

Description

一种磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是电化学传感器领域,具体涉及的是磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器的制备方法。
背景技术
磺胺甲恶唑是一种人工合成的对氨基苯磺酰胺衍生物,用于呼吸系统感染等治疗,其抗菌作用机制是因其在结构上与对氨基苯甲酸(PABA)十分接近,可以代替PABA作用在细菌中的二氢叶酸合成酶,对细菌中二氢叶酸合成发挥着抑制作用,进而实现对细菌生长繁殖的有效抑制。因其拥有着较强的抗菌作用,较低的使用成本,在医疗领域有着广泛的应用,同时在水产养殖等领域主要作为动物饲料添加剂使用,是一种用于抗感染的人畜共用药。
然而由于它的滥用,有大量的药物或代谢物残留,监测数据显示,水体、污泥、水沉积物、水产品、饲料等均检测出磺胺甲恶唑。磺胺甲恶唑不易排出体外,在人体内蓄积会引起过敏反应、造血功能紊乱、肾脏损伤等。而且对人的消化系统也会有非常大的影响,严重影响人的身体健康。近几十年来,由于它的大量滥用使得食品安全和环境安全堪忧。2017世界卫生组织公布的致癌物清单中,磺胺甲恶唑位列于3类致癌物清单里。
用于磺胺甲恶唑检测的方法主要有色谱分析、质谱、免疫测定等。这些方法具有很高的精确度和灵敏度,可以根据所测对象的性质选择某一种方法进行测量。但是它们都不同程度存在着操作复杂、费时费力、成本高等缺点。例如,色谱法和质谱法存在着前处理繁琐、耗时长、试剂用量大等问题;酶免疫检测技术需要特制的进口试剂盒,并且生物酶的获取困难、成本较高,实验条件也较为苛刻等。研究快速、便捷、低成本的磺胺甲恶唑检测方法具有重要意义。
分子印迹技术是一种制备对模板分子具有识别性能的聚合物的技术。分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)对模板分子的识别具有特异识别性、构效预定性和广泛实用性等特点。分子印迹聚合物具有化学稳定性好、选择性高和容易制备等特点。分子印迹电化学传感器就是将电化学传感器检测快速、操作简单的优势与分子印迹技术相结合,可用于对磺胺甲恶唑的选择性检测。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是为了提供一种磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器简易的制备方法,这种方法可用于解决分子印迹电化学传感器的制备过程复杂,稳定性差等问题。
技术方案:为了实现本发明的目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案。
这种磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器的制备是以处理过的玻碳电极作为基底,邻苯二胺和磺胺甲恶唑的硫酸钠溶液作为电解质,利用循环伏安法聚合形成分子印迹聚合物制得,对磺胺甲恶唑的检出限为9×10-8 mol/L,线性范围为2×10-7mol/L-1.5×10-6mol/L,其具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将玻碳电极依次用0.5μm和0.05 μm Al2O3粉在麂皮上抛光后,于乙醇和去离子水中分别超声洗涤数分钟。然后将电极在K3Fe(CN)6中扫描,得到可逆的循环伏安峰(峰电流比为1:1,峰电位差小于70 mV),证明电极处理好。
步骤二:将邻苯二胺和磺胺甲恶唑溶解在酸性硫酸钠水溶液中,混合均匀,邻苯二胺和磺胺甲恶唑的摩尔比为1:3-6:3。
步骤三:将步骤二中混合好的溶液作为电解质溶液,然后将处理好的玻碳电极置于混合溶液中,采用循环伏安法进行电化学聚合形成分子印迹聚合物,用乙醇洗去磺胺甲恶唑后,得到磺胺甲恶唑的分子印迹电化学传感器。
上述方案中,硫酸钠溶液的pH为1-5。
上述方案中电化学聚合条件,电压范围:0V-0.9V,扫描速率: 20mV/s-100mV/s,扫描周期: 5圈-30圈。
上述方案中乙醇浓度为30%-95%。
上述磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器可用于水体中磺胺甲恶唑的定量检测。
附图说明
图1为峰电流差值与磺胺甲恶唑标准溶液浓度的关系曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
玻碳电极预处理
将玻碳电极依次用0.5μm和0.05 μm Al2O3粉在麂皮上抛光后,于乙醇和去离子水中分别超声洗涤数分钟。然后将电极于K3Fe(CN)6中扫描,得到可逆的循环伏安峰(峰电流比为1:1,峰电位差小于70 mV),证明电极处理好。
实施例2
配制聚合溶液
以磺胺甲恶唑作为模板分子,邻苯二胺作为功能单体,充分溶解在硫酸钠溶液中,邻苯二胺和磺胺甲恶唑的摩尔比为1:3-6:3。
实施例3
电化学聚合
将玻碳电极置于所制得的聚合溶液中,采用三电极体系进行电聚合,工作电极为玻碳电极,参比电极为饱和甘汞电极,辅助电极为铂片电极。电压范围为0V-0.9V,扫描速率:20mV/s-100mV/s,扫描周期: 5圈-30圈。
实施例4
将所制得的聚合物电极置于乙醇溶液中洗脱2h,然后将洗脱后的电极用蒸馏水冲洗,在室温下晾干备用。
实施例5
工作曲线的绘制
采用方波伏安法进行磺胺甲恶唑的浓度测定实验。方波伏安法起止电位为-0.4 V-0.6V,电位增量0.005 V,方波频率 15Hz,方波幅度0.1V,检测底液为5.0 mM K3[Fe(CN)6]和0.1M KCl。每次使用后,将电极浸在乙醇溶液中,用磁力搅拌器洗脱30min,去除聚合膜中吸附的模板分子,以便重复使用。根据己知磺胺甲恶唑的浓度与方波伏安峰电流的差值绘制标准曲线,检出限为9×10-8 mol/L,线性范围为2×10-7mol/L-1.5×10-6 mol/L。

Claims (4)

1.一种磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器的制备方法,其特征在于这种磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器是以玻碳电极作为基底,在邻苯二胺和磺胺甲恶唑的硫酸钠溶液中电聚合形成分子印迹聚合物制得,其对磺胺甲恶唑的检出限为9×10-8 mol/L,线性范围为2×10-7mol/L-1.5×10-6 mol/L,其制备方法包括以下步骤:(一)将玻碳电极依次用0.5μm和0.05 μm Al2O3粉在麂皮上抛光后,于乙醇和去离子水中分别超声洗涤数分钟,然后将电极于K3Fe(CN)6中扫描,得到可逆的循环伏安峰(峰电流比为1:1,峰电位差小于70 mV),证明电极处理好;(二)将邻苯二胺和磺胺甲恶唑溶解在酸性硫酸钠水溶液中,混合均匀,邻苯二胺和磺胺甲恶唑的摩尔比为1:3-6:3;(三)将前面混合好的溶液作为电解质溶液,把处理好的玻碳电极置于混合溶液中,采用循环伏安法进行电化学聚合形成分子印迹聚合物,用乙醇洗去磺胺甲恶唑模板分子,得到磺胺甲恶唑的分子印迹电化学传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器的制备方法,其特征在于所述的电解质溶液为硫酸钠溶液,pH为1-5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器的制备方法,其特征在于所述的电化学聚合方法为循环伏安法,电压范围:0V-0.9V,扫描速率: 20mV/s-100mV/s,扫描周期: 5圈-30圈。
4.根据权利要求1所述的磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹电化学传感器的制备方法,其特征在于所述的乙醇浓度为30%-95%。
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