CN111548419A - 靶向ddr2的多肽及其应用 - Google Patents
靶向ddr2的多肽及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111548419A CN111548419A CN202010340667.1A CN202010340667A CN111548419A CN 111548419 A CN111548419 A CN 111548419A CN 202010340667 A CN202010340667 A CN 202010340667A CN 111548419 A CN111548419 A CN 111548419A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种靶向DDR2的多肽及其应用。所述多肽的结构为:NBD‑SKDEEWHKNNFPLSPQYFQTKDRIYHPASEC。本发明提供的多肽对DDR2具有极高的亲和性和特异性,并且其能够自组装形成纳米球,能够靶向高表达DDR2的肿瘤细胞,而且具有良好的肿瘤细胞线粒体靶向性,可产生大量活性氧,具有光动力治疗的疗效,从而实现肿瘤的光动力治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及分子生物学和医药技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种靶向DDR2的多肽及其应用。
背景技术
癌症的发病率逐年递增,精确地靶向肿瘤特征标志物并基于此实现早诊断和早治疗是精准医疗时代实现肿瘤治疗的关键。以肿瘤标志物受体为靶点,获取其配体作为诊疗探针并通过进一步组装、修饰构建药物载体,用于装载抗癌药物或者诊断试剂,并且特异性输送到病灶部位,可显著增强对肿瘤的选择性杀伤作用。功能性纳米材料是用于癌症诊断和治疗的理想生物活性材料,其在生物界面可控自组装的特性是构建生物相容性递送载体的有效方法。在这些功能性纳米材料中,最常见的是能形成特定纳米结构的两亲性分子,被广泛应用于药物运输,活体成像,肿瘤治疗等生物医学领域。同时,精准控制纳米材料的自组装过程,以适应复杂的生物环境是必需的。因此,开发具有生物相容性和可控的自组装分子,以及能响应生理环境的材料至关重要。目前,学者们已经研究出各种策略来控制自组装结构,包括催化剂、pH、光等。
近年来多肽的自组装逐渐成为材料学和生物医学等领域的研究热点。多肽自组装作为自然界普遍存在的分子自组装现象之一,其自组装行为的研究对理解生命现象、仿生制备、构建功能材料以及解决疑难疾病等都具有十分重要的意义。通过合理调控多肽的分子结构以及改变外界的环境,多肽分子可以利用氢键、疏水性作用、π-π堆积作用等非共价键力自发或触发地自组装形成形态与结构特异的组装体。基于多肽的自组装结构,包括胶束状,管状,纤维状或带状等,均可作为可溶性生物载体。多肽作为重要的内源性活性物质,具有高度多样性,参与并调控着活体内许多重要的生理、生化功能。相比抗体等大分子,小分子多肽具有生物相容性好,穿透性强,性质稳定,作用快,易于大量合成和化学修饰等优点。由于多肽自身具有良好的生物相容性和可控的降解性能,利用多肽自组装技术构建的各种功能性材料在药物控制释放、组织工程支架材料以及生物矿化等领域内有着巨大的应用前景。
同时,多肽具有结构和功能多样性的特点,可用于构建功能型纳米材料。另一方面,具有共轭π结构的分子可以作为疏水结构单元通过自组装形成有序的结构,也可作为信号单元。因此,通过结合亲水多肽与疏水信号单元可形成可控的,生物相容性高的功能性纳米材料,用于活体示踪、成像、靶向递送等。
恶性肿瘤转移是导致肿瘤患者死亡的重要原因,越来越多的分子生物学和临床研究结果表明,肿瘤转移很可能在肿瘤发生的早期就已经出现。乳腺癌的复发和转移仍是导致乳腺癌患者死亡的首要原因。近年来研究表明,肿瘤在发生转移前,原发灶肿瘤细胞通常会经历一种被称为上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)的改变。上皮间质细胞转化最初是作为哺乳动物胚胎发育过程中必须的生理现象提出的概念,是指特殊部位的上皮细胞转换成为具有活动能力的间质细胞,从而具有与上皮组织分离并迁移到其他位置的能力。EMT过程中,除了细胞形态和移动性发生改变外,上皮、间质的分子标志物及其转录因子的表达也发生改变。包括上皮标志物E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和细胞角蛋白的表达降低及间质标志物波形蛋白和N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)的表达增高。发生EMT的肿瘤细胞间黏附改变,迁移和侵袭能力增强,脱离原发灶后进入血液形成循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells,CTCs)。
近年来发现盘状结构域受体(discoidin domain receptor,DDR)2分子是一类可能与肿瘤侵袭与转移相关的受体蛋白酪氨酸激酶(receptor tyrosine kinase,RTK)。因其胞外区含有一个类似凝集素盘状结构Ⅰ(diseoidinⅠ)的结构被称为DDR。目前在哺乳类中发现两种,DDR1和DDR2。研究表明,DDR参与调控细胞增殖、黏附、迁移及细胞外基质的重建。DDR1最早是在筛选乳腺癌细胞中的RTK时发现的一个新分子。由胞外区、跨膜区和胞内激酶区三部分组成,胞内区可发生酪氨酸磷酸化。由于其胞外区结构上含有DR结构,所以当时命名为DDR。后来发现在1991年克隆的分子TryolO的胞外区也具有DDR相似的结构,将其命名为DDR2。
DDR1和DDR2广泛表达于人和小鼠的多种组织,且在组织中的分布具有差异性。DDR1主要在上皮组织中表达,而DDR2则表达于间叶细胞。DDR2是RTK的一种,能选择性地被Ⅰ~Ⅲ和Ⅹ型胶原激活发生磷酸化。有研究认为DDR2可以作为乳腺癌复发和预后的独立的标志物。综上所述,DDR2参与肿瘤的发生、发展过程,并协助肿瘤细胞进行迁移,使肿瘤进一步恶化,同时也为肿瘤治疗提供了新的分子靶标。研究发现,DDR2表达于人类多种肿瘤细胞表面,例如肺癌、前列腺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌等。所以,DDR2已经成为肿瘤治疗中的热点研究方向。
多肽类靶向小分子探针以成本低、分子量小、生物相容性好、穿透性强、无免疫原性、并有较快的血液清除速率、且制备简单等特点,在肿瘤靶向给药、癌症诊断等方面彰显出很强的优越性。手术、放疗、化疗和分子靶向药物是治疗癌症的几大主要手段。光动力疗法因为其创伤小,毒副作用低,适用性好,可重复治疗,可协同治疗,可保护重要器官功能不受损伤等优点,已经成为治疗恶性肿瘤和多种皮肤病的新型疗法。因此,在癌症研究中针对肿瘤标志物合理设计并筛选对癌细胞的高特异亲和的多肽,继而发展成为肿瘤的光动力治疗药物,在癌症治疗中具有重要作用。光敏剂受到光照射后产生活性氧物质(ROS)对细胞产生毒性,同时ROS会引起线粒体中的DNA损伤,诱导细胞凋亡。因此,开发针对DDR2具有高特异性和亲和力的多肽类小分子自组装材料对DDR2高表达肿瘤的诊断和治疗具有重大意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种靶向DDR2的多肽及其应用。
本发明根据氨基酸位点和分子识别理论进行肽库的设计和构建。采用氨基修饰的TentaGel树脂作为固相载体,利用Fmoc合成策略进行混合均分合成一珠一物肽库。利用磁珠和磁场相互作用的方法进行高通量一珠一物肽库筛选,阳性肽珠经质谱鉴定,获得了一系列能够特异性结合DDR2的活性多肽,其通式为QX4X3QTX2X1RIYHPASEC。为获得能够靶向肿瘤细胞发挥抑制肿瘤作用的多肽自组装材料,本发明通过将QX4X3QTX2X1RIYHPASEC与SKDEEWHKNNFPLSPG多肽(Switchable probes:pH-triggered and VEGFR2 targetedpeptides screening through imprinting microarray.Chem.Commun.,2016,52,5690;该多肽在酸性条件下形成α螺旋结构,中性条件下呈无规则卷曲状,是一条亲水性多肽)进行偶联,并在偶联多肽的N端修饰疏水化学基团NBD,得到对DDR2具有高度特异性和亲和力的多肽/多肽自组装材料。
为了实现本发明目的,第一方面,本发明提供一种靶向DDR2的多肽,所述多肽的结构通式如下:
X′-SKDEEWHKNNFPLSPQX4X3QTX2X1RIYHPASEC;
其中,X1为天冬氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、赖氨酸或谷氨酸;X2为赖氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸或谷氨酸;X3为苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸或色氨酸;X4为酪氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸、天冬氨酸、组氨酸或赖氨酸;X′为疏水化学基团。
优选地,X′为NBD。
优选地,本发明提供的靶向DDR2的多肽,其结构如下:NBD-SKDEEWHKNNFPLSPQYFQTKDRIYHPASEC(NBD-STP-DRP,SEQ ID NO:1)。
组成本发明多肽的氨基酸残基可以是L-型、D-型或L-型与D-型的混合。
本发明所述多肽自组装材料可采用本领域常规制备方法制备得到。
作为本发明的一种实施方式,采用Fmoc固相多肽合成法制备所述多肽自组装材料。其中,基团X′的原料为NBD-X,X表示卤素;优选地,基团X′的原料为NBD-Cl(4-氯-7-硝基苯呋咱)。
基团X′可以在所述氨基酸序列(SKDEEWHKNNFPLSPQX4X3QTX2X1RIYHPASEC)的N端经偶联得到多肽自组装材料。
第二方面,本发明提供一种聚核苷酸,所述聚核苷酸编码所述的多肽。
第三方面,本发明提供含有所述聚核苷酸的生物材料,所述生物材料包括但不限于重组DNA、表达盒、转座子、质粒载体、噬菌体载体、病毒载体、工程菌、宿主细胞、转基因细胞系或非可再生的植物部分。
所述载体包括但不限于克隆载体、表达载体、质粒载体,所有包含至少一个拷贝的编码本发明多肽自组装材料的核酸的载体均在本发明的保护范围内。
所述宿主细胞或转基因细胞系可以为来源于微生物、植物或动物的细胞或细胞系,所有含有至少一个拷贝的编码本发明多肽自组装材料的核酸或包含携带至少一个拷贝的所述核酸的载体的宿主细胞或转基因细胞系均在本发明的保护范围内。
第四方面,本发明提供所述多肽的衍生物,所述衍生物为所述多肽与载体以共价或非共价的方式连接得到。
优选地,所述载体选自荧光素、放射性元素、抗体、多聚物、高分子材料、纳米材料、脂质体、油性化合物、无机材料等中的至少一种。
更优选地,所述高分子材料选自聚酯、聚酸酐、聚酰胺磷脂聚合物胶束、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、聚乙二醇、壳聚糖等中的至少一种。
更优选地,所述无机材料选自纳米金、碳材料、钙材料、磁性材料、介孔硅材料、量子点等中的至少一种。
第五方面,本发明提供所述多肽、编码所述多肽的聚核苷酸、含有所述聚核苷酸的生物材料或所述多肽衍生物的以下任一应用:
1)用于制备疾病的预防或治疗的药物;
2)用于制备诊断试剂或检测试剂盒;
3)用于制备显影剂;
4)用于疾病的诊断、预防或治疗;
5)用于活体示踪、成像、靶向递送等。
所述疾病包括但不限于由DDR2介导的疾病。
优选地,所述疾病选自肿瘤、类风湿性关节炎、酒精性肝纤维化、肾间质纤维化等。
更优选地,所述肿瘤为DDR2高表达的肿瘤,如肺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、肝癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌等。
第六方面,本发明提供一种药物或组合物,其包含所述靶向DDR2的多肽和/或其衍生物。
第七方面,本发明提供一种DDR2介导疾病的诊断试剂或检测试剂盒,其包含所述靶向DDR2的多肽和/或其衍生物。
借由上述技术方案,本发明至少具有下列优点及有益效果:
(一)本发明的多肽自组装材料对于DDR2具有高度特异性和亲和力,具有靶向DDR2阳性肿瘤细胞的特性,并且能够自组装形成纳米球,可用于DDR2高表达的肿瘤的诊断和治疗。在实际应用中,可作为分子探针用于病人筛查和疗效评估。
(二)本发明的多肽自组装材料特异性强,生物相容性好,安全可靠,可以采用化学合成的方法制备,简单易行。
(三)本发明的多肽自组装材料具有良好的肿瘤细胞线粒体靶向性,可实现亚细胞级别的细胞器靶向。
(四)本发明的多肽自组装材料具有光敏特性,可产生大量活性氧,具有光动力治疗的疗效,利用自组装放大的光动力效果,从而实现肿瘤的光动力治疗。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP的化学结构式。
图2为本发明实施例1中多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP的液相色谱纯化和质谱鉴定结果;其中,a为液相色谱纯化结果图;b为质谱鉴定结果图。
图3为本发明实施例2中多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP的自组装形貌以及与细胞相互作用的结果;其中,a为NBD-STP-DRP与细胞相互作用的结果图;b为NBD-STP-DRP的自组装形貌结果图。
图4为本发明实施例3中NBD-STP-DRP肿瘤细胞线粒体靶向作用的结果图。
图5为本发明实施例4中NBD-STP-DRP光动力治疗的结果图;其中,a为NBD-STP-DRP光动力反应能力实验结果图;b为NBD-STP-DRP对细胞杀伤效果评测结果图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段,所用原料均为市售商品。
实施例1多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP的合成及表征
1、实验仪器与材料
N-甲基吗啉(NMM),哌啶,三氟乙酸(TFA),二氯甲烷(DCM),茚三酮,维生素C,苯酚,四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HBTU),六氢吡啶,三异丙基硅烷(TIS),乙二硫醇(EDT),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),无水乙醚,树脂,甲醇,各种Fmoc保护氨基酸,4-氯-7-硝基苯呋咱(NBD-Cl),多肽合成管,摇床,真空水泵,旋转蒸发仪,激光共聚焦显微镜(ZEISS LSM 710),上述试剂和材料均从商业途径获得。
2、溶剂配制
脱保护溶剂的配制为六氢吡啶:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺=1:4(体积比)
反应液的配制为N-甲基吗啉:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺=1:24(体积比)
裂解液的配制为(体积比):三氟乙酸92.5%、三异丙基硅烷2.5%、乙二硫醇2.5%、超纯水2.5%。
茚三酮测试液的配制为茚三酮溶液:维生素C溶液:苯酚=1:1:1(体积比,其中茚三酮溶液、维生素C溶液的浓度均为50mg/mL)。
3、多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP的合成
采用Fmoc固相肽合成方法合成NBD-STP-DRP多肽,具体方法为:通过混合裂分的方式将氨基酸随机地逐个偶联到固相树脂上,然后在强酸下将侧链保护基团去除,继而进行纯化和鉴定。
称取400mg的wang树脂(王树脂,CAS编号:1365700-43-1),按照上述固相多肽合成程序循环,依次加入Cys、Glu、Ser、Ala、Pro、His、Tyr、Ile、Arg、Asp、Lys、Thr、Gln、Phe、Tyr、Gln、Pro、Ser、Leu、Pro、Phe、Asn、Asn、Lys、His、Trp、Glu、Glu、Asp、Lys和Ser,依次进行反应。其中,每次反应时加入等量的HBTU进行偶联,每次偶联完毕后树脂脱保护,加入新的氨基酸,重复以上反应。最后,偶联4-氯-7-硝基苯呋咱(NBD-Cl)分子,过夜反应。检验之后,经过甲醇置换和收缩步骤,真空抽干,得到干燥树脂备用。用含有95%的TFA裂解液将多肽从树脂上切除,用冰乙醚沉淀,得到的多肽粗品用HPLC分离纯化。
4、多肽分子NBD-STP-DRP的表征
采用质谱鉴定经过HPLC分离纯化的NBD-STP-DRP多肽分子。结果表明序列为X′-SKDEEWHKNNFPLSPQYFQTKDRIYHPASEC,其中X′为4-氯-7-硝基苯呋咱NBD。上述多肽分子的化学结构式如图1所示。多肽NBD-STP-DRP的纯化和质谱鉴定结果如图2所示。
实施例2多肽分子NBD-STP-DRP的自组装形貌以及与细胞的相互作用分析1、利用透射电子显微镜成像分析多肽分子自组装形貌
将纯化后的NBD-STP-DRP多肽分子1mg置于1mL超纯水中,37℃恒温震荡反应过夜,取少量置于铜网上,醋酸釉复染后,透射电子显微镜成像。结果如图3的a所示,结果显示多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP在中性条件下形成了纳米球结构。
2、利用激光共聚焦显微镜成像分析多肽自组装材料与乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的相互作用。具体方法为将一定量的NBD-STP-DRP溶于DMEM培养基后加入细胞培养皿,NBD-STP-DRP终浓度为0.5mg/mL,4℃孵育0.5h后移除培养基,与荧光染料Hoechst 33342共孵育15min,并用PBS溶液洗涤三次,立即在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察NBD-STP-DRP的靶向细胞情况。
结果如图3的b所示,结果显示多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP能够靶向高表达DDR2蛋白的肿瘤细胞MDA-MB-231表面,在对照细胞乳腺癌细胞MCF7上则无结合,说明多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP对于DDR2具有较好的特异性。
实施例3多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP对肿瘤细胞线粒体的靶向性试验
将一定量的NBD-STP-DRP溶于DMEM培养基后加入细胞培养皿,NBD-STP-DRP终浓度为0.5mg/mL,孵育1h后移除培养基,与线粒体探针(Mito-Tracker Green FM,探针终浓度为10μM)于37℃共孵育20min,与荧光染料Hoechst 33342共孵育15min,并用PBS溶液洗涤三次,用激光共聚焦显微镜(ZEISS LSM 710)检测细胞中的荧光分布。
结果如图4所示,多肽自组装材料进入细胞后的荧光分布与线粒体探针的荧光有较好的重叠,说明多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP能够靶向富集到肿瘤细胞线粒体。实施例4NBD-STP-DRP对DDR2高表达肿瘤的光动力治疗
将等摩尔量的NBD-STP-DRP、NBD-Cl(4-氯-7-硝基苯呋咱)、STP-DRP(SKDEEWHKNNFPLSPQYFQTKDRIYHPASEC)分子分别溶于单线态氧荧光探针(DCFH-DA)的PBS缓冲溶液(10%DMSO)中NBD-STP-DRP、NBD-Cl、STP-DRP以及探针的终浓度均为50μM,用460nm激发光照射一段时间后,检测荧光探针的荧光光谱强度来检测活性氧水平。
结果如图5的a所示,NBD-STP-DRP多肽自组装材料具有较好的活性氧产生水平,说明了NBD-STP-DRP的光动力反应能力。
通过CCK-8进行细胞毒性测定,将乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231、接种到具有DMEM培养基的96孔细胞培养板中,细胞贴壁后将细胞暴露于不同浓度的NBD-STP-DRP溶液(浓度分别为2.5、5、10、25、50、100μM)中24h,用20mW/cm2的460nm激光照射20min,同时以无光照处理组作为对照。然后,将10ml CCK-8溶液添加到每个孔中,并进一步于37℃温育2h。使用酶标仪在450nm处检测各孔的吸光度值,并计算各组细胞的存活率。
图5的b显示无光照时NBD-STP-DRP对细胞没有明显的毒性,在激光条件下,NBD-STP-DRP对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用随着浓度的增加而增强,由此可见NBD-STP-DRP对肿瘤细胞具有较好的杀伤作用。
综上所述,本发明的多肽自组装材料NBD-STP-DRP具有靶向表达DDR2蛋白的阳性肿瘤细胞的特性,可靶向肿瘤细胞线粒体,用于肿瘤细胞的光动力治疗。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之做一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
序列表
<110> 国家纳米科学中心
<120> 靶向DDR2的多肽及其应用
<130> KHP201111599.9
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
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<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
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Ser Lys Asp Glu Glu Trp His Lys Asn Asn Phe Pro Leu Ser Pro Gln
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Claims (10)
1.靶向DDR2的多肽,其特征在于,所述多肽的结构通式如下:
X′-SKDEEWHKNNFPLSPQX4X3QTX2X1RIYHPASEC;
其中,X1为天冬氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、赖氨酸或谷氨酸;X2为赖氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸或谷氨酸;X3为苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸或色氨酸;X4为酪氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸、天冬氨酸、组氨酸或赖氨酸;X′为疏水化学基团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多肽,其特征在于,X′为NBD。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多肽,其特征在于,所述多肽的结构如下:NBD-SKDEEWHKNNFPLSPQYFQTKDRIYHPASEC。
4.聚核苷酸,其特征在于,所述聚核苷酸编码权利要求1-3任一项所述的多肽。
5.含有权利要求4所述聚核苷酸的生物材料,所述生物材料为重组DNA、表达盒、转座子、质粒载体、噬菌体载体、病毒载体、工程菌、转基因细胞系或非可再生的植物部分。
6.权利要求1-3任一项所述多肽的衍生物,其特征在于,所述衍生物为所述多肽与载体以共价或非共价的方式连接得到;
优选地,所述载体选自荧光素、放射性元素、抗体、多聚物、高分子材料、纳米材料、脂质体、油性化合物、无机材料中的至少一种。
7.权利要求1-3任一项所述多肽、权利要求4所述聚核苷酸、权利要求5所述生物材料或权利要求6所述衍生物的以下任一应用:
1)用于制备疾病的预防或治疗的药物;
2)用于制备诊断试剂或检测试剂盒;
3)用于制备显影剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述疾病包括由DDR2介导的疾病;
优选地,所述疾病选自肿瘤、类风湿性关节炎、酒精性肝纤维化、肾间质纤维化;
更优选地,所述肿瘤为DDR2高表达的肿瘤。
9.药物或组合物,其特征在于,包含权利要求1-3任一项所述多肽和/或权利要求6所述衍生物。
10.DDR2介导疾病的诊断试剂或检测试剂盒,其特征在于,包含权利要求1-3任一项所述多肽和/或权利要求6所述衍生物。
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