CN111546940A - Self-networking design scheme of daisy chain-based distributed battery management system - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to a self-networking design scheme of a distributed battery management system based on a daisy chain, which belongs to the technical field of battery management systems and is applied to a BMS (battery management system) comprising i (i =1,2,3, …, N) battery modules, single acquisition boards which are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery modules and a BMU (BMU), wherein the BMU is connected with a CMU (central processing unit) of each single acquisition board through a daisy chain network; after the system is started, the BMU needs to judge whether to enter an ad hoc network initialization process, whether in a system starting stage or a system normal operation stage, if any ad hoc network request succeeds, the BMU starts the ad hoc network initialization process to complete the configuration of the CMUs, and stores the corresponding number of the CMUs in a corresponding calibration area for the next system to start and read. By the scheme, network node networking configuration can be automatically carried out, system configuration can be flexibly carried out, the flexibility of software adaptation is improved, and the time cost of software management and matching is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management systems, in particular to a daisy chain-based battery sensor networking technology, and specifically relates to a self-networking design scheme of a daisy chain-based distributed battery management system.
Background
The new energy electric vehicle has become a key research direction in the current vehicle field, and the existing battery management schemes of the new energy electric vehicle are mainly divided into a centralized battery management system and a distributed battery management system. The centralized battery management system is characterized in that all functions of the battery management system are integrated in one circuit board to be realized; the distributed battery management system is the most common system, and the system comprises a main control board, a single voltage acquisition board and a high-voltage board.
At present, in a distributed battery management system, all battery sensors mostly adopt a daisy chain communication network to exchange data with a main board. In the networking process, the number and connection mode of the fixed nodes are generally required, so that the universality of the master node and the flexibility of software are greatly limited. However, with the development of electric vehicles and battery pack technologies, flexible and various configurations of battery packs may occur, and it is imperative that battery management systems and related software have more flexible and more convenient management features. Conventional networking schemes may generate a large number of software variants and more software calibration data, resulting in increased system development and maintenance costs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-networking design scheme of a distributed battery management system based on a daisy chain, aiming at the defects of complex network node configuration and poor flexibility of a battery sensor adopting daisy chain communication in the conventional battery management system in the networking communication process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a technical solution that a self-networking design scheme of a daisy chain-based distributed battery management system is applied to a distributed battery management system including i (i =1,2,3, …, N) battery modules, single acquisition boards connected to the battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence, a battery management unit (hereinafter, abbreviated as BMU), and a plurality of relays, where each single acquisition board corresponds to a network node (hereinafter, abbreviated as CMU), and the BMU is provided with a self-networking algorithm and communicates with each CMU through a daisy chain to configure a network ID, a terminal resistance, and a failure diagnosis threshold of each node; after the system is started, the BMU needs to judge whether to enter an ad hoc network initialization process, whether in a system starting stage or a system normal operation stage, if any ad hoc network request succeeds, the BMU starts the ad hoc network initialization process to complete the configuration of the CMUs, the integrity of the daisy chain network is ensured, and the corresponding number of the CMUs is stored in a corresponding calibration area for the next system to start and read.
As an improvement of the present invention, the ad hoc network request is also an ad hoc network initialization process starting condition, and includes two types of switches, one type of switch is a diagnosis signal/calibration data, and is requested by a user, and the other type of switch (the second type of switch) is a fault of system initialization/configuration failure.
As an improvement of the present invention, the ad hoc network initialization process is also a daisy chain network initialization process to complete a daisy chain network communication chain, specifically, a total voltage of the battery pack and a sum of voltages of all single batteries collected by all CMUs at present are checked to determine whether the daisy chain network communication chain is complete.
As an improvement of the present invention, when the difference between the total voltage of the battery pack and the sum of the voltages of all the cells collected by all the CMUs currently is smaller than a set threshold, the BMU determines that the daisy chain network communication chain is complete and the networking is finished.
As an improvement of the invention, the threshold setting is determined by the accuracy of battery sampling and the number of the CMU acquired cells, and the threshold needs to be much larger than the sampling error of the total voltage of the battery pack and smaller than the minimum sum of the voltages acquired by the single CMU.
As an improvement of the invention, the calibration area selects an EEPROM storage area.
As an improvement of the invention, in the system starting stage, when the system is powered on for the first time, the default value of the CMU quantity is stored in the calibration area, when the self-networking algorithm detects that the calibration area is the default value of the system, the self-networking initialization process is automatically entered, otherwise, the calibration area is considered to have the CMU effective value and enter the normal system self-inspection, and when the self-inspection fails after the system enters the self-inspection, the BMU judges that the CMU effective value in the current calibration area is not matched with the actual CMU quantity of the system, and also automatically enters the self-networking initialization process, and stores the current CMU quantity to the calibration area after the system initialization is successful.
As an improvement of the present invention, in the normal operation stage of the system, after the BMU receives the diagnostic signal/calibration data requested by the user, the BMU starts and enters the ad hoc network initialization process, and stores the current CMU count to the calibration area after the system initialization is successful.
As an improvement of the present invention, the ad hoc network initialization process includes the following specific implementation steps:
1) the BMU reads the module voltage of the ith CMU, namely all the cell voltages sampled by the CMU, wherein i is counted as 1 st from the CMU closest to the BMU, and the CMU far away from the BMU is scanned successively;
2) calculating the sum of the module voltages of the first i CMUs;
3) comparing the module voltage of the current i CMUs with the total voltage of the battery pack, and when the difference value between the module voltage and the total voltage of the battery pack is smaller than the set judgment threshold value, finishing networking and storing the current i value to a calibration area; when the sum of the module voltages is smaller than the total voltage of the battery pack and the difference value is larger than the set judgment threshold value, continuing networking the next node;
4) and continuing the step 1), until the difference value between the module voltage and the total voltage of the battery pack is smaller than the set judgment threshold value, finishing networking and finishing the initialization of the daisy chain network.
Compared with the prior art, the ad hoc network design scheme provided by the invention can automatically carry out node networking configuration, can flexibly carry out system configuration and improve the software adaptation capability. Compared with the traditional network configuration scheme, the scheme can effectively reduce the maintenance cost of the system and software (including calibration data) under the condition of not increasing the hardware cost. And the self-organizing network algorithm is used for replacing a mode of calibrating manual data or adding software varieties to improve the flexibility of system adaptation. And the functional application scenes that the system is powered on for the first time, the self-networking of the BMU is recovered after the fault, the BMU replaces the battery module and the like are considered, and the more flexible networking starting condition is provided. Therefore, the normal initialization time of the system is not increased, the use experience of a client is not influenced, and the CMU can be flexibly matched under a proper condition. The flexibility of system and software adaptation is greatly improved, and the time cost of software management and matching is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a BMS system architecture in an ad hoc network design scheme of a daisy-chain based distributed BMS according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a process of starting an ad hoc network initialization at a system start-up stage in an ad hoc network design scheme of the daisy-chain based distributed BMS according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a process of initiating an ad hoc network during a normal operation stage of a system in an ad hoc network design scheme of the daisy-chain based distributed BMS;
fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of an ad hoc network initialization process in an ad hoc network design scheme of the daisy-chain based distributed BMS according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding and appreciation of the invention, it is further described and illustrated below in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Generally, each item or system may have a different pack form, and thus the number of battery modules may vary. The conventional way is to modify the CMU total in the network again for each item and then release different software.
The invention provides a self-adaptive networking mode based on a self-networking design scheme of a daisy-chain distributed battery management system, and the self-adaptive networking mode can self-adaptively configure the number of network nodes in the system without human intervention. The distributed battery management system applied to fig. 1 includes i (i =1,2,3, …, N) battery modules, single acquisition boards connected in one-to-one correspondence with the battery modules, a BMU, and a plurality of relays. Each single acquisition board corresponds to one CMU, an ad hoc network algorithm is arranged in each BMU, and the BMU communicates with each CMU through a daisy chain network to configure the terminal resistance and the fault diagnosis threshold value of each node. After the system is started, the BMU needs to judge whether to enter an ad hoc network initialization process, whether in a system starting stage or a system normal operation stage, if any ad hoc network request succeeds, the BMU starts the ad hoc network initialization process to complete the configuration of the CMUs, the integrity of the daisy chain network is ensured, and the corresponding number of the CMUs is stored in a corresponding calibration area for the next system to start and read. The calibration area preferably adopts an EEPROM storage area.
The self-networking initialization process is also a daisy chain network initialization process to realize the completeness of a daisy chain network communication chain, and specifically, the total voltage of a battery pack and the voltage sums of all single batteries collected by all current CMUs are checked to judge whether the daisy chain network communication chain is complete.
And when the difference value between the total voltage of the battery pack and the sum of the voltages of all the single batteries collected by all the current CMUs is smaller than a set threshold value, the BMU judges that the daisy chain network communication chain is complete and finishes networking. Generally, each CMU can collect no less than 6-8 cells, the nominal voltage of each cell is 3.7V, and the minimum voltage is also above 2.3V. The sum of the module voltages sampled by each CMU should be above 14V. This voltage will generally far exceed the error of sampling. The threshold setting is determined by the accuracy of battery sampling and the number of the single CMU collected cells, and the threshold needs to be much larger than the sampling error of the total voltage of the battery pack and smaller than the minimum voltage sum collected by a single CMU.
The ad hoc network request is also an ad hoc network initialization process starting condition and comprises two types of switches, wherein one type of switch is diagnostic signals/calibration data (when the BMU detects that the quantity of CMUs is a default value, the default system is powered on for the first time), and the second type of switch is requested by a user to initialize/configure a failure of the system (when the system has initialization failure caused by daisy chain failure, the current system is indicated). Whether an ad hoc network initialization process is required is indicated by the two types of switches.
As shown in fig. 2, in the system startup phase, when the system is powered on for the first time, the default value of the CMU number is stored in the calibration area, when the ad hoc network algorithm detects that the system default value is in the calibration area, the system should be considered to be operating for the first time and automatically enter the ad hoc network initialization process, otherwise, the system should be considered to have a CMU valid value in the calibration area and enter normal system self-test. And when the system enters self-checking and the self-checking fails, the BMU judges that the CMU effective value in the current calibration area is not matched with the actual CMU quantity of the system, the BMU needs to enter the self-networking initialization process again to perform CMU matching, and stores the current CMU quantity to the calibration area after the system normally completes the self-checking and initialization for the next start-up and reading.
Therefore, the initialization time of the system in a normal state is not increased, and the CMU initialization is started by adopting the storage value under the normal condition of the system.
As shown in fig. 3, in the normal operation stage of the system, after the BMU receives the diagnostic signal/calibration data requested by the user, the BMU starts and enters the ad hoc network initialization process, and stores the current CMU count to the calibration area after the system initialization is successful. Or when the system configuration fails, the BMU can also start the ad hoc network initialization process to initialize, so as to ensure the normal operation of the whole system.
As shown in fig. 4, the self-networking initialization process is to sequentially network CMU according to the order of physical connection from near to far with the BMU in the system, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
1) the BMU reads the module voltage of the ith CMU, namely all the cell voltages sampled by the CMU, wherein i is counted as 1 st from the CMU closest to the BMU, and the CMU far away from the BMU is scanned successively;
2) calculating the sum of the module voltages of the first i CMUs;
3) comparing the module voltage of the current i CMUs with the total voltage of the battery pack, and when the difference value between the module voltage and the total voltage of the battery pack is smaller than the set judgment threshold value, finishing networking and storing the current i value in a calibration area; when the sum of the module voltages is smaller than the total voltage of the battery pack and the difference value is larger than the set judgment threshold value, continuing networking the next node;
4) and continuing the step 1), until the difference value between the module voltage and the total voltage of the battery pack is smaller than the set judgment threshold value, finishing networking and finishing the initialization of the daisy chain network.
The ad hoc network design scheme provided by the invention can automatically carry out node networking configuration, can flexibly carry out system configuration and improve the software adaptation capability. Compared with the traditional network configuration scheme, the scheme can effectively reduce the maintenance cost of the system and software (including calibration data) under the condition of not increasing the hardware cost. And the self-organizing network algorithm is used for replacing a mode of calibrating manual data or adding software varieties to improve the flexibility of system adaptation. And the functional application scenes that the system is powered on for the first time, the self-networking of the BMU is recovered after the fault, the BMU replaces the battery module and the like are considered, and the more flexible networking starting condition is provided. Therefore, the normal initialization time of the system is not increased, the use experience of a client is not influenced, and the CMU can be flexibly matched under a proper condition. The flexibility of system and software adaptation is greatly improved, and the time cost of software management and matching is reduced.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The self-networking design scheme of the distributed battery management system based on the daisy chain is characterized in that: the distributed battery management system is applied to a distributed battery management system comprising i (i =1,2,3, …, N) battery modules, single acquisition boards connected with the battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence manner, a BMU and a plurality of relays, wherein each single acquisition board corresponds to a CMU, an ad hoc network algorithm is arranged in the BMU, and the BMU communicates with each CMU through a daisy chain network so as to configure a network ID, a terminal resistance and a fault diagnosis threshold value of each node; after the system is started, the BMU needs to judge whether to enter an ad hoc network initialization process, whether in a system starting stage or a system normal operation stage, if any ad hoc network request succeeds, the BMU starts the ad hoc network initialization process to complete the configuration of the CMUs, the integrity of the daisy chain network is ensured, and the corresponding number of the CMUs is stored in a corresponding calibration area for the next system to start and read.
2. The self-networking design scheme of the daisy-chain based distributed battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the self-networking initialization process is also a daisy-chain network initialization process to complete a daisy-chain network communication chain, and specifically, the total voltage of the battery pack is checked against the sum of the voltages of all the single batteries collected by all the CMUs currently to determine whether the daisy-chain network communication chain is complete.
3. The self-networking design scheme of the daisy-chain based distributed battery management system according to claim 2, wherein when the difference between the total voltage of the battery pack and the sum of all the cell voltages collected by all the current CMUs is smaller than a set threshold value, the BMU judges that the daisy-chain network communication chain is complete and the networking is finished.
4. The ad-hoc networking design scheme of the daisy-chain based distributed battery management system according to claim 3, wherein the threshold setting is determined by the accuracy of the battery sampling and the number of the CMU collected cells, and the threshold requires a sampling error much larger than the total voltage of the battery pack and smaller than the minimum sum of the voltages collected by the single CMU.
5. The ad-hoc network design scheme of the daisy-chain based distributed battery management system according to claim 4, wherein the ad-hoc network initialization process is implemented by the following steps:
1) the BMU reads the module voltage of the ith CMU, namely all the cell voltages sampled by the CMU, wherein i is counted as 1 st from the CMU closest to the BMU, and the CMU far away from the BMU is scanned successively;
2) calculating the sum of the module voltages of the first i CMUs;
3) comparing the module voltage of the current i CMUs with the total voltage of the battery pack, and when the difference value between the module voltage and the total voltage of the battery pack is smaller than the set judgment threshold value, finishing networking and storing the current i value to a calibration area; when the sum of the module voltages is smaller than the total voltage of the battery pack and the difference value is larger than the set judgment threshold value, continuing networking the next node;
4) and continuing the step 1), until the difference value between the module voltage and the total voltage of the battery pack is smaller than the set judgment threshold value, finishing networking and finishing the initialization of the daisy chain network.
6. The ad-hoc network design scheme of the daisy-chain based distributed battery management system according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the ad-hoc network request is also an ad-hoc network initialization process start condition, and comprises two types of switches, one type of switch is a diagnosis signal/calibration data requested by a user, and the other type of switch is a fault of system initialization/configuration failure.
7. The self-networking design scheme of the daisy-chain based distributed battery management system of claim 6 wherein the calibration area is selected from an EEPROM memory area.
8. The ad-hoc network design scheme of the daisy chain based distributed battery management system according to claim 7, wherein in a system startup phase, when the system is powered on for the first time, the CMU default value is stored in the calibration area, when the ad-hoc network algorithm detects that the system default value is in the calibration area, the ad-hoc network initialization process is automatically entered, otherwise, the system enters a normal system self-test considering that the CMU valid value exists in the calibration area, and when the system enters the self-test and fails to perform the self-test, the BMU determines that the CMU valid value in the current calibration area does not match the actual CMU number of the system, and also automatically enters the ad-hoc network initialization process, and stores the current CMU number to the calibration area after the system is initialized successfully.
9. The ad-hoc network design scheme of the daisy-chain based distributed battery management system according to claim 8, wherein in the normal operation stage of the system, when the BMU receives the diagnosis signal/calibration data requested by the user, the BMU starts and enters the ad-hoc network initialization process, and stores the current CMU count to the calibration area after the system initialization is successful.
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