CN111545906B - Mirror image laser welding device and method for optimizing weld pool forming - Google Patents
Mirror image laser welding device and method for optimizing weld pool forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN111545906B CN111545906B CN202010405072.XA CN202010405072A CN111545906B CN 111545906 B CN111545906 B CN 111545906B CN 202010405072 A CN202010405072 A CN 202010405072A CN 111545906 B CN111545906 B CN 111545906B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mirror image laser welding device and method for optimizing weld pool forming, and relates to the field of laser welding. In order to solve the problems that when double-laser-beam synchronous mirror-image laser welding is carried out at a vertical position, a weld pool flows downwards under the action of gravity to cause weld collapse, and the weld forming is poor and the mechanical property is poor, the invention provides a principle that light can be transmitted in a transparent medium, high-light-transmission and high-temperature-resistant glass is clamped under a welding workpiece to be used as a welding lining plate, and the glass lining plate is used as a support to prevent collapse in the weld forming process. The equipment comprises a laser generator, a laser head, high-light-transmission high-temperature-resistant glass, a welding robot, a welding tool fixture and a welding workbench. The invention can solve the problem of collapse of welding seam formation in mirror laser welding, obtain the welding seam formation effect superior to the existing double-laser-beam synchronous mirror laser welding, and better replace a single-side laser welding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a double-beam mirror image laser welding device and method for optimizing weld pool forming.
Background
Laser welding is used as an efficient and precise welding method, a laser beam with high energy density is used as a heat source, and the laser welding method has the advantages of high energy density, high heating speed, small welding deformation, small processing flexibility and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, automobile industry, precise instruments and the like. The laser can pass through barriers under the guiding and focusing of an optical instrument, welding is carried out in a small space, and the laser welding device has strong adaptability in the welding process. The invention utilizes the optical penetration performance of the laser to achieve the welding effect of optimizing the formation of the double-laser-beam mirror-image welding seam.
When the thickness of a welding workpiece is larger or the laser power is smaller, the problems of incomplete penetration, poor weld joint formation and the like exist in laser single-side welding, so that the welding quality is low, and therefore, laser double-side welding is adopted when a base material with larger thickness is welded at present, but the two-side welding is asynchronous in the laser double-side welding process, so that the problems of larger deformation and low efficiency still exist. Compared with double-sided laser welding, the double-laser-beam mirror welding method has the advantages that the process time of workpiece turning and clamping can be saved, the welding efficiency is improved, the deformation rate of the workpiece can be reduced, the upper side and the lower side of the workpiece are heated uniformly, and the quality of a welded joint is improved.
However, when the existing double-laser-beam mirror-image welding is carried out, the laser heats the surface of the workpiece through radiation to melt the workpiece, and the molten metal in the welding seam is solidified under the action of gravity to generate welding seam collapse, so that the welding mechanical property and the appearance quality of the joint are greatly reduced, and the whole workpiece cannot meet the use requirements.
In order to better replace laser single-side welding and laser double-side welding by the double-laser-beam mirror welding process and solve the problem of collapse of formed welding seams in the double-laser-beam mirror welding process, the invention improves the formed joint and optimizes the quality of the joint by clamping high-temperature-resistant glass at the lower part of a workpiece in the welding process. Therefore, the method has certain practical significance for optimizing the laser butt weld forming of the large-thickness workpiece, and is simple to operate, high in welding efficiency and easy to realize automation.
Disclosure of Invention
The mirror image laser welding device and the mirror image laser welding method for optimizing weld joint molten pool forming can integrally improve the forming of the weld joint and the quality of the welding joint on the basis of maintaining the original heat radiation of laser welding.
The invention achieves the technical purpose through the following technical means and methods.
The utility model provides an optimize fashioned mirror image laser welding device of welding seam molten bath which characterized in that: the welding device comprises high-temperature-resistant glass, a welding tool clamp, a welding workbench, a laser generator, a laser head and a welding robot; the two laser heads of the mirror image laser welding device for optimizing the formation of the weld joint molten pool are clamped by two six-axis mechanical arms, a workpiece to be welded and high-temperature glass are fixed on a welding workbench through a clamp, wherein the workpiece to be welded is arranged on the upper part of the glass, and the two laser heads are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the workpiece; the high-temperature-resistant glass is used as an independent component, the high-temperature-resistant glass is very convenient to clean, replace and disassemble before welding, a welding workpiece and the high-temperature-resistant glass are tightly clamped as a whole, so that the anti-collapse effect of the glass during welding seam forming is realized, meanwhile, the laser light penetration performance of the laser is utilized, the laser beams on the upper side and the lower side are focused on the upper surface and the lower surface of the welding seam of the workpiece at the same time during double-laser-beam mirror welding, the fusion depths on the upper side and the lower side are overlapped, and the total penetration force of the low-power laser beams is increased.
Wherein the type of weld joint is butt joint.
Preferably, the melting point of the high-temperature resistant glass is more than 2500K, and the laser light transmittance is more than 90 percent, so that the normal operation of the double-laser-beam laser mirror image welding is ensured.
Preferably, the surface of the high-temperature-resistant glass is smooth and the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant glass is less than 2mm, so that the low laser absorption rate of the high-temperature-resistant glass during laser welding and the high heat dissipation rate after welding are ensured.
A mirror laser welding method for optimizing weld pool forming is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, before welding, clamping clean high-temperature-resistant glass at the lower part of a workpiece to be butted;
s2, fixing the workpiece by adopting double-beam laser spot welding before formal welding, and determining spot welding power and times according to actual base material specifications;
s3, when formal welding, the laser beam on the upper part of the workpiece directly acts on the surface of the metal workpiece, and the laser beam on the lower part of the workpiece radiates and heats the lower surface of the workpiece through the glass, so when the power of the laser beam on the upper side and the lower side is determined, when the lower laser power is adopted, the power of the laser beam on the lower part of the workpiece is equal to or slightly larger than the power of the laser beam on the upper part in consideration of the influence of the glass on the laser power; when the laser power is larger, the laser power of the lower laser beam is smaller than that of the upper laser beam in consideration of the influence of gravity;
and S4, after welding, waiting for the workpiece to be cooled to room temperature, and then disassembling the workpiece and the high-temperature-resistant glass.
The invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the high-transmittance high-temperature-resistant glass is tightly clamped at the lower side of the welding workpiece, so that the defects of collapse and the like during welding can be effectively prevented while the heat of the lower side laser beam is radiated to the lower surface of the workpiece, and the double-laser-beam mirror-image welding can better replace the common laser double-sided welding and laser single-sided welding.
Secondly, the high-transmittance laser-rate high-temperature-resistant glass adopted by the invention does not need special processing or special shape requirements, has universality under different workpiece materials and sizes, and the welded workpiece and the high-temperature-resistant glass are integrally clamped, so that the production time can be greatly saved in the implementation process of the invention, and the welding automation can be conveniently realized.
Thirdly, when double laser beams are adopted for mirror image welding, the laser beams on the upper side and the lower side are focused on the upper surface and the lower surface of a welding seam of the workpiece in the same time, and the fusion depths of the upper side and the lower side are overlapped, so that the total penetrating power of the low-power laser beams is increased, the welding of the thicker workpiece by the low-power laser beams can be realized, and the power limitation of most of the conventional common laser equipment is broken.
Fourthly, the high-temperature glass is fixed with the welding workpiece through clamping and serves as an independent component, the high-temperature glass is very convenient to clean, replace and disassemble before welding, the size of the high-temperature glass can be selected according to different welding workpieces, and the high adaptability of the high-temperature glass welding machine is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical steps and the equipment arrangement in embodiments of the present invention, exemplary embodiments will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional double laser beam mirror laser welding collapse prevention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of two-dimensional dual laser beam mirror laser welding collapse prevention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a liftable hollow double-laser-beam mirror laser welding workbench;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of mirror image welding method steps for forming a weld pool to prevent collapse.
In the figure: 1-high temperature resistant glass, 2-clamp, 3-welding workpiece, 4-welding seam, 5-upper side laser beam, 6-lower side laser beam, 7-hollow welding workbench and 8-liftable table leg.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples in order to provide a more intuitive understanding of the core of the invention. In addition, it is within the scope of the present invention to cover modifications or variations within the skill of the art without departing from the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, there is shown a partial schematic view of a next optimized bead-forming collapse-resistant dual laser beam synchronized mirror-image butt 2219 aluminum alloy in a vertical position. Wherein, the welding laser is YLS-10000 fiber laser of IGP Photonics company of Germany, the laser beam of upper and lower side is sent out by the laser welding head that cooperates the six axis robot holder of two six-axis KUKA, the laser beam is vertical state, focus on the upper and lower surface to weld work piece separately.
Preferably, when the size of the high-temperature-resistant glass is selected, the size of the high-temperature-resistant glass is selected to be the same as that of a workpiece to be welded, as shown in fig. 1, so that welding clamping is facilitated, the laser transmittance of the high-temperature glass is above 90%, the fact that most of laser power is absorbed by the workpiece is guaranteed, and the high-temperature glass is prevented from absorbing more laser heat and softening due to temperature rise.
The melting temperature of the high-temperature-resistant glass is lower than the temperature of a molten pool of a workpiece to be welded, otherwise, the glass melting cannot play a role in preventing welding collapse, impurities can be brought into a welding joint, and even a laser head is damaged.
Specifically, the power of the laser beams at the upper side and the lower side is within the range of 2.5-5.0 kW, the laser focal length is 300mm, and the laser welding speed is kept within the range of 1.5-4.0 m/min.
Before welding, the height of a welding workbench is adjusted, as shown in fig. 3, so that a laser clamped by the KUKA six-axis robot can freely enter the lower side of a workpiece, and enough space is reserved for completing weldment operation.
According to the welding step shown in fig. 4, firstly, polishing a 2219 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 4mm to be welded by using abrasive paper, removing oil stains and an oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate, wiping the aluminum alloy plate by using alcohol cotton, and drying the aluminum alloy plate; cleaning smooth high-temperature-resistant glass with the thickness of 2mm, adopting acid washing and water washing to ensure that the surface of the glass has no other impurities, and then scrubbing and drying the glass by using alcohol.
Clamping and fixing a workpiece to be welded and high-temperature-resistant glass on a welding workbench by using a welding tool clamp, wherein a welding seam is positioned in a hollow position of the workbench; in addition, when clamping is carried out, the workpiece to be welded is tightly attached to the high-temperature-resistant glass as much as possible, so that the action effect of the invention is ensured.
Before formal welding, a workpiece to be welded is fixed by laser spot welding. The matrix operation process of laser spot welding is as follows: the upper side laser beam and the lower side laser beam are respectively used for spot welding and fixing the front end and the rear end of a workpiece to be welded, the spot welding power and the number of times are determined according to the actual specification of a base material, the spot welding laser beam power is within the range of 2.0-4.0 kW, the laser focal length is 300mm, and the spot welding speed is 0.4 m/min.
In formal welding, when the welding laser beam adopts smaller power, the laser beam power at the lower part of the workpiece is equal to or slightly larger than the laser beam power at the upper part in consideration of the influence of glass on the laser power; when the laser power is larger, the laser power of the lower laser beam is smaller than that of the upper laser beam in consideration of the influence of gravity; the laser power of the upper side laser beam is 2.5-5.0 kW, the focus points of the two laser beams are on the same vertical line, and the welding speed is within the range of 1.5-4.0 m/min.
After welding, a natural cooling method is adopted until the temperature of the welding workpiece is reduced to room temperature, and then the workpiece and the high-temperature-resistant glass are detached from the welding workbench.
When a vertical double-laser-beam mirror-image welding test is carried out, compared with the forming condition of a welding joint without clamping high-temperature-resistant glass at the lower part of a welding workpiece, the forming of the welding joint with the addition of the high-temperature-resistant glass is obviously superior to that of the welding joint with the addition of the high-temperature-resistant glass, and the joint collapse defect is obviously improved. In addition, the safety of the lower laser head during high-power laser welding workpiece tests can be improved by adding the high-temperature-resistant glass under the workpiece, and the laser head can be effectively prevented from being damaged by molten pool splashing caused by welding heating after the glass is added.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limitations of the embodiments of the present invention, but may be modified in various embodiments and applications by those skilled in the art according to the spirit of the present invention, and the content of the present description should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an optimize fashioned mirror image laser welding device of welding seam molten bath which characterized in that: the welding device comprises high-temperature-resistant glass, a welding tool clamp, a welding workbench, a laser generator, a laser head and a welding robot; the two laser heads of the mirror image laser welding device for optimizing the formation of the weld joint molten pool are clamped by two six-axis mechanical arms, a workpiece to be welded and high-temperature glass are fixed on a welding workbench through a clamp, wherein the workpiece to be welded is arranged on the upper part of the glass, and the two laser heads are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the workpiece; the high-temperature-resistant glass is used as an independent component, the high-temperature-resistant glass is very convenient to clean, replace and disassemble before welding, a welding workpiece and the high-temperature-resistant glass are tightly clamped as a whole, so that the anti-collapse effect of the glass during welding seam forming is realized, meanwhile, the laser light penetration performance of the laser is utilized, the laser beams on the upper side and the lower side are focused on the upper surface and the lower surface of the welding seam of the workpiece at the same time during double-laser-beam mirror welding, the fusion depths on the upper side and the lower side are overlapped, and the total penetration force of the low-power laser beams is increased.
2. The mirror image laser welding device for optimizing weld seam molten pool forming according to claim 1, wherein the melting point of the high-temperature resistant glass is more than 2500K, and the laser light transmittance is more than 90 percent, so that the normal operation of double-laser-beam laser mirror image welding is ensured.
3. A mirror image laser welding device for optimizing weld puddle formation according to claim 1, wherein said high-temperature-resistant glass has a smooth surface and a thickness of less than 2mm to ensure low laser absorption rate and high heat dissipation rate after welding.
4. A mirror laser welding method for optimizing weld pool forming is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, before welding, clamping clean high-temperature-resistant glass at the lower part of a workpiece to be butted;
s2, fixing the workpiece by adopting double-beam laser spot welding before formal welding, and determining spot welding power and times according to actual base material specifications;
s3, when formal welding, the laser beam on the upper part of the workpiece directly acts on the surface of the metal workpiece, and the laser beam on the lower part of the workpiece radiates and heats the lower surface of the workpiece through the glass, so when the power of the laser beam on the upper side and the lower side is determined, when the lower laser power is adopted, the power of the laser beam on the lower part of the workpiece is equal to or slightly larger than the power of the laser beam on the upper part in consideration of the influence of the glass on the laser power; when the laser power is larger, the laser power of the lower laser beam is smaller than that of the upper laser beam in consideration of the influence of gravity;
and S4, after welding, waiting for the workpiece to be cooled to room temperature, and then disassembling the workpiece and the high-temperature-resistant glass.
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| CN113500295A (en) * | 2021-07-17 | 2021-10-15 | 昆山质子激光设备有限公司 | Right-angle spliced aluminum laser welding device and method |
| CN114473181A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-05-13 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Laser device for improving quality of welding seam of lap joint electric resistance welding machine |
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