CN114261100B - Method for ultra-fast laser welding of transparent hard and brittle material and metal - Google Patents
Method for ultra-fast laser welding of transparent hard and brittle material and metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN114261100B CN114261100B CN202111556814.XA CN202111556814A CN114261100B CN 114261100 B CN114261100 B CN 114261100B CN 202111556814 A CN202111556814 A CN 202111556814A CN 114261100 B CN114261100 B CN 114261100B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for welding transparent and brittle materials and metals by using ultra-fast laser, wherein two ultra-fast laser beam energies with different wavelengths are simultaneously applied in the welding process. The transparent and brittle material is tightly attached to the upper part of the metal material during welding, the focal point of the laser beam (lambda 1) is adjusted to be positioned above the metal-nonmetal interface, the focal point of the laser beam (lambda 2) is adjusted to be positioned below the metal-nonmetal interface, the lambda 1 laser beam is in front, the lambda 2 laser beam is behind, and the two laser beams are separated by a certain distance and welded in the same path.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser processing, in particular to a method for welding transparent materials and metals by using ultrafast lasers with different wavelengths.
Background
The transparent materials such as glass have the characteristics of high strength, small specific gravity, high shock resistance and chemical stability, excellent optical and electromagnetic wave performance and the like, and are widely applied to the high-end technical fields such as aerospace, weaponry, microelectronics, biomedicine and the like at present. However, the glass material has the characteristics of low plasticity, easy fracture, easy surface damage and the like, so that the traditional processing method such as mechanical connection, adhesion, anodic bonding and the like is difficult to process the glass material, and particularly, the problem of large difference of thermal expansion coefficients of the glass material and metal is solved, and a high-quality workpiece meeting the requirements is difficult to obtain.
Ultrafast lasers have the characteristics of short pulse width, high peak value, high repetition frequency and the like, and have been widely accepted and used in the field of transparent material processing. Compared with long pulse, the ultrafast laser pulse width is smaller than the time of heat conduction to the crystal lattice, and reaches extremely high temperature in extremely short time, and meanwhile, the generation of a heat affected zone can be effectively avoided. The ultra-fast laser welding technology based on nonlinear absorption is expected to greatly improve the connection performance of the transparent material and the metal, and the ultra-high peak power density of the femtosecond laser can induce extremely high local temperature, so that the transparent material with high melting point is directly melted, and the local fusion among the materials is realized. The ultra-fast laser micro-welding technology has unique advantages in the aspect of welding, realizes the spatially selective welding of micrometer or even nanometer scale in a non-contact mode, reduces the complexity of the structure, increases the reliability, and simultaneously avoids the generation of larger thermal distortion and thermal stress. The existing ultrafast laser welding methods all use laser beams with the same wavelength, so that a better welding effect cannot be achieved for glass materials and metals at the same time, and the phenomenon that the glass materials are insufficiently melted or the overburning reaction of the metals occurs in the welding process.
The Chinese patent proposes to weld glass materials by utilizing multiple laser beams, and the method can weld two materials which do not meet the optical contact condition, so that the welding efficiency is improved, the engineering application is convenient, but the following problems exist: (1) When welding is performed after laser beam combination, the energy at the welding seam is too high, so that the instantaneous temperature of the material is too high, and excessive thermal stress is generated to cause the breakage of the glass material, so that the high-energy laser beam cannot be applied to the mode; (2) The method can only realize the welding of two materials with the same material with the maximum gap of about 12 μm, and can not weld the welding seam with larger gap. (3) The laser beams used for laser beam combining and welding are ultrafast laser and continuous laser respectively, and the continuous laser processing of hard and brittle materials is extremely easy to generate brittle fracture, and the thermal effect is still higher.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a method for welding transparent hard and brittle materials and metals by ultra-fast laser, which can effectively improve the quality of welding seams and welding efficiency by utilizing the difference of absorptivity and processing quality of different materials for different wavelengths, and realize the firm welding of transparent materials and metals with large gaps. Meanwhile, the laser beams with two wavelengths are ultra-fast lasers, the defect of low absorptivity of the transparent material can be effectively overcome by the laser beam with the lambda 1 wavelength, the strength of the welding seam is enhanced by the laser beam with the lambda 2 wavelength, and the heat accumulation of brittle fracture of the glass material caused by accumulation at the welding seam can be avoided, so that the problems of heat ablation, brittle fracture and the like can be effectively avoided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for ultra-fast laser welding transparent hard and brittle materials and metals, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, polishing the metal surface, and lightly sweeping the surfaces of the transparent material and the metal material to be welded by using mirror wiping paper dipped with alcohol respectively, and waiting for the volatilization of the alcohol. And stacking the materials to be welded on the two-dimensional moving platform in a mode that transparent materials are arranged on the upper part and metal materials are arranged on the lower part. When in welding, the transparent and hard brittle material is tightly attached to the upper part of the metal material, the focus of the adjusting laser beam (lambda 1) is positioned above the metal-nonmetal interface, the focus of the adjusting laser beam (lambda 2) is positioned below the metal-nonmetal interface, the lambda 1 laser beam is in front, the lambda 2 laser beam is in back, and the two laser beams are at a certain distance and are welded in the same path.
The λ1 laser beam being preceded and the λ2 laser beam being followed means that the λ1 laser beam passes first through a certain point on the scanning path, and the λ2 laser beam passes through the point after the distance (D).
Further, the focal point of the laser beam (lambda 1) is located in the range of 0.1-0.6mm above the metal-nonmetal interface, and the focal point of the laser beam (lambda 2) with the wavelength of 800nm-1100nm is located in the range of 0.1-1.0mm below the metal-nonmetal interface.
Further, the laser power is 1W-100W, the pulse width is 240fs-10ps, the frequency is 1kHz-1MHz, the focal length of the field lens is 30mm-200mm, the scanning speed is 10mm/s-100mm/s, and the scanning path interval is 10 mu m-500 mu m.
Furthermore, the incidence angles of the two laser beams are inclined or not inclined towards the advancing direction, the incidence angle of the lambda 1 laser beam and the vertical normal line angle theta 1 are in the range of 0-10 degrees, and the incidence angle of the lambda 2 laser beam and the vertical normal line angle theta 2 are in the range of 0-10 degrees.
Furthermore, the absorptivity of the transparent material to the laser beam with the wavelength 1 is higher, the transparent material can reach the nonlinear absorption threshold value more easily, the laser beam with the wavelength 2 can weld metals more efficiently, and the quality of the obtained welding seam is better than that of other wavelengths.
Furthermore, the surface of the metal to be welded is polished to be smooth by using sand paper with 320 meshes or more, the transparent material is required to be polished, and an intermediate layer is not required to be added in the welding process.
The invention provides a method for welding transparent hard and brittle materials and metals by ultra-fast laser, which has the advantages that:
according to the method for welding the transparent and brittle material and the metal by using the ultrafast laser, provided by the invention, the absorption rate of the material to the laser is increased by using two ultrafast lasers with different wavelengths respectively in consideration of different absorption efficiencies of the laser beams with different wavelengths by using different materials, so that the nonlinear absorption threshold of the transparent material is more easily reached, and the fusion of the transparent material and the metal is more sufficient, so that a welding seam with better quality and higher strength is obtained. Meanwhile, the two lasers are ultra-fast lasers, the defect that the absorptivity of the transparent material is low can be effectively overcome by using the lambda 1 wavelength laser beam, the welding seam strength is enhanced by using the lambda 2 wavelength laser beam, the heat influence can be effectively reduced, and the phenomena of brittle fracture, high residual stress and the like caused by too high heat accumulation in the welding process can be avoided while the welding strength is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the fusion of transparent materials and metals using two different wavelength ultrafast lasers according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the laser beam with the wavelength lambda 1 is 515nm, the pulse width is 240fs, the pulse repetition frequency is 100kHZ, the wavelength lambda 2 is 1064nm, the pulse width is 240fs, the pulse repetition frequency is 100kHZ, the femtosecond laser is used for welding silicate glass and aluminum alloy which are stacked, the silicate glass is 15x10mm in size, the aluminum alloy is 30x20mm in size, the aluminum alloy is 10mm in thickness, the laser is started, the laser beam with the wavelength lambda 1 is focused at a position 0.2mm above metal-nonmetal, the incident angle theta 1 is 2 degrees, the output power of the laser is adjusted to be 10W, a scanning path is realized by using a scanning galvanometer, the focal length of a focusing field lens is 110mm, the scanning speed is 80mm/s, and the welding seam spacing is 100 mu m. The laser beam with the wavelength lambda 2 is focused at the position 0.3mm below the metal-nonmetal, the incident angle theta 2 is 1 DEG, the output power of the laser is regulated to 20W, a scanning path is realized by using a scanning galvanometer, the focusing field lens is 110mm, the scanning speed is 100mm/s, and the welding seam spacing is 100 mu m. The distance between the two laser beams during welding is 4mm. The welding result shows that: the glass and the metal are melted to realize the welding effect, the shearing strength is more than 21Mpa, and the glass is not damaged.
Example 2:
the laser beam with the wavelength lambda 1 is a femtosecond laser with the wavelength 532nm, the pulse width is 10ps, the pulse repetition frequency is 200kHZ, the wavelength lambda 2 is 1030nm, the pulse width is 10ps, the pulse repetition frequency is 200kHZ, the sapphire glass and the titanium alloy are welded and stacked, the size of the sapphire glass is 15x10mm, the thickness is 3mm, the size of the titanium alloy is 30x20mm, the thickness is 10mm, the laser is started, the laser beam with the wavelength lambda 1 is focused at a position 0.1mm above metal-nonmetal first, the incident angle theta 1 is 5 degrees, the output power of the laser is adjusted to 20W, a scanning path is realized by using a scanning vibrating mirror, the focal length of a focusing field lens is 30mm, the scanning speed is 60mm/s, and the welding seam spacing is 50 mu m. The laser beam with the wavelength lambda 2 is focused at the position 0.2mm below the metal-nonmetal, the incident angle theta 2 is 8 degrees, the output power of the laser is regulated to 30W, a scanning path is realized by using a scanning galvanometer, the focusing field lens is 30mm, the scanning speed is 80mm/s, and the welding seam spacing is 50 mu m. The distance between the two laser beams during welding is 2mm. The welding result shows that: the glass and the metal are melted to realize the welding effect, the shearing strength is more than 23Mpa, and the glass is not damaged.
Example 3:
the wavelength lambda 1 laser beam has a wavelength of 343nm, a pulse width of 500fs, a pulse repetition frequency of 100kHZ, and the wavelength of the laser beam with the wavelength lambda 2 is 800nm, the pulse width is 500fs, a femtosecond laser with a pulse repetition frequency of 100kHZ, and welding and stacking silicate glass and copper alloy, wherein the silicate glass has a size of 15x10mm and a thickness of 2mm, the copper alloy has the size of 30x20mm and the thickness of 10mm, the laser is started, the laser beam with the wavelength lambda 1 is focused at the position 0.3mm above the metal-nonmetal, the incident angle theta 1 is 0 degree, the output power of the laser is regulated to 10W, a scanning vibrating mirror is used for realizing a scanning path, the focal length of a focusing field lens is 150mm, the scanning speed is 50mm/s, and the welding seam distance is 150 mu m. The laser beam with the wavelength lambda 2 is focused at the position 0.1mm below the metal-nonmetal, the incident angle theta 2 is 6 degrees, the output power of the laser is regulated to 30W, a scanning path is realized by using a scanning galvanometer, the focusing field lens is 150mm, the scanning speed is 60mm/s, and the welding seam spacing is 100 mu m. The distance between the two laser beams is 6mm during the welding process. The welding result shows that: glass and metal are all melted the effect of fusion welding is realized, the shearing strength is more than 20Mpa, the glass is not damaged.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for welding transparent hard and brittle materials and metals by ultra-fast laser is characterized in that the transparent hard and brittle materials are glass; simultaneously applying the energy of two ultrafast laser beams with different wavelengths in the welding process; zxfoom zxfoom , is attached to metal the material is arranged above the material and is in contact with the surface of the material, the distance d1 between the focus and the interface is 0.1-0.6mm, the focus of the lambda 2 laser beam with the wavelength of 800-1100 nm is adjusted to be positioned below the metal-nonmetal interface, the distance d2 between the focus and the interface is 0.1-1.0mm; the laser beam lambda 1 is in front, the laser beam lambda 2 is behind, both laser beam incidences are inclined or not inclined towards the advancing direction, the incidence angle of the lambda 1 laser beam and the vertical normal angle theta 1 are in the range of 0-10 degrees, the incidence angle theta 2 of the lambda 2 laser beam and the vertical normal line is in the range of 0-10 degrees, the distance between the two light beams is 0.1-10mm, and the two light beams are welded in the same path, and the welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1W-100W, the pulse width is 240fs-10ps, the frequency is 1kHz-1MHz, the focal length of the field lens is 30mm-200mm, the scanning speed is 10mm/s-100mm/s, and the scanning path distance is 10 mu m-500 mu m.
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| CN114261100B true CN114261100B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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| CN115091768B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2024-04-09 | 深圳泰德激光技术股份有限公司 | Laser welding method, apparatus, device and computer readable storage medium |
| CN117735862B (en) * | 2023-11-13 | 2024-10-01 | 武汉华日精密激光股份有限公司 | Transparent material laser welding method based on back heating excitation plasma |
| CN117773323A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-03-29 | 武汉华日精密激光股份有限公司 | Method for welding ceramic-transparent material by high-repetition-frequency ultrafast laser |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008062263A (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-21 | Imra America Inc | Transparent material processing with ultrashort pulse laser |
| CN104290319A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2015-01-21 | Imra美国公司 | Transparent material processing with ultrashort pulse laser |
| CN106232283A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-12-14 | Ipg光子公司 | Use the multi-beam laser processing of different wave length and/or multiple laser beams in pulse duration |
| CN107892469A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-10 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of multi-laser beam closes the method and equipment of beam glass for bonding material |
| CN112620856A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Pretreatment method before dissimilar metal material welding, dissimilar metal material welding product and welding method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008062263A (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-21 | Imra America Inc | Transparent material processing with ultrashort pulse laser |
| CN104290319A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2015-01-21 | Imra美国公司 | Transparent material processing with ultrashort pulse laser |
| CN106232283A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-12-14 | Ipg光子公司 | Use the multi-beam laser processing of different wave length and/or multiple laser beams in pulse duration |
| CN107892469A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-10 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of multi-laser beam closes the method and equipment of beam glass for bonding material |
| CN112620856A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Pretreatment method before dissimilar metal material welding, dissimilar metal material welding product and welding method thereof |
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