CN111545867A - Method for carrying out copper surfacing in narrow space - Google Patents
Method for carrying out copper surfacing in narrow space Download PDFInfo
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- CN111545867A CN111545867A CN202010412132.0A CN202010412132A CN111545867A CN 111545867 A CN111545867 A CN 111545867A CN 202010412132 A CN202010412132 A CN 202010412132A CN 111545867 A CN111545867 A CN 111545867A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
- B23K9/046—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces on surfaces of revolution
- B23K9/048—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces on surfaces of revolution on cylindrical surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for carrying out copper surfacing in a narrow space, and belongs to the technical field of welding processing. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, the front part of a welding gun is bent so that the welding gun can enter the interior of a workpiece to be welded; secondly, placing a mirror at the front part of the workpiece to be welded; thirdly, an air-filled chamber is adopted to carry out argon filling protection on the aluminum bronze welding wire and the inner hole of the workpiece to be welded; selecting a surfacing layer channel; fifthly, placing a welding gun at the position of 7 o' clock of the cross section of the workpiece to be welded as a welding starting point; the included angle of the welding gun and the welding electric tangent line is 87-93 degrees; and sixthly, adopting sectional welding. The invention adopts mirror reflection, so that an operator can conveniently observe the condition of a molten pool in a narrow space, and the inclination angle of the welding gun is convenient for entering a narrow pipe for welding. By determining the supply mode of protective gas, the position of a welding arc starting point, the welding speed and direction, the solidification position of a molten pool, the angle of a welding gun in the welding process, the amplitude and the path of the swinging gun, technical support is provided for the copper overlaying in the inner hole of the guide sleeve, and the welding quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding processing, in particular to a method for carrying out copper surfacing in a narrow space.
Background
Narrow space welding is a difficult problem in the industry, the operation difficulty is greatly increased due to the space limitation, the requirement on welding operators is high, the operability is low, the welding quality is unstable, and the welding in the narrow space is avoided as far as possible in the actual operation. In the hydro-cylinder design, for the wearability that increases the uide bushing, need add a plurality of rings of copper material through the mode of build-up welding in the uide bushing, difficult point in the course of working lies in:
the guide sleeve is a tubular workpiece, the inner diameter of the guide sleeve is limited, a molten pool cannot be directly observed during welding, welding is not facilitated for an operator, and welding quality is seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for carrying out copper surfacing in a narrow space.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for carrying out copper surfacing in a narrow space comprises the following steps,
firstly, a workpiece to be welded is cylindrical, the workpiece to be welded is polished and cleaned, copper is added to the position of a welding line at a circumferential sink groove on the inner wall of the workpiece to be welded, and the workpiece to be welded is fixed on a tool; bending the front part of the welding gun so that the welding gun can enter the inside of a workpiece to be welded;
secondly, a mirror is placed at the front part of the workpiece to be welded, so that an operator can see the state of a molten pool during welding;
thirdly, an inflation chamber is adopted to carry out argon filling protection on the aluminum bronze welding wire and the inner hole of the workpiece to be welded, so that the full protection of the welding seam is ensured;
fourthly, when the depth of the sinking groove is less than 3mm, the welding seam is single-layer surfacing; when the depth of the sinking groove is more than 3mm, the welding seam is multilayer surfacing;
when the width of the sink groove is less than 7mm, the welding seam is single-pass surfacing; when the width of the sink groove is larger than 7mm, the welding seam is subjected to multi-pass surfacing;
the thickness of each layer of welding seam is 3mm, and the two sides of the fusion notch are 0.5 mm;
fifthly, placing a welding gun at the position of 7 o' clock of the cross section of the workpiece to be welded as a welding starting point; the included angle of the welding gun and the welding electric tangent line is 87-93 degrees;
sixthly, adopting sectional welding, wherein the length of each section of welding line is 20-30mm, and the interval is 20-30 mm; and the second circle is subjected to repair welding on the vacant part.
It further comprises the following steps: in the step of (c), (c) and (d),
when welding, a workpiece to be welded rotates clockwise, a stainless steel arc ignition plate is arranged beside the position of the starting point, electric arcs are ignited on the arc ignition plate, and the workpiece to be welded is moved to a welding position after the electric arcs are stably combusted;
after the first molten pool is formed by welding, the arc is broken, the arc is started again when the molten pool is in a dark red state without waiting for the complete cooling of the molten pool, and the arc is struck at 1/2 at the front part of the first molten pool and swings slightly;
after the second molten pool is formed, the arc is broken so that each molten pool covers 1/2 of the previous molten pool.
During uphill welding, the molten copper flows to the rear of the welding bead, so that the electric arc can penetrate into the bottom of the molten pool, and the defect of incomplete penetration or incomplete fusion is avoided; and cleaning a backing weld by facing welding, adopting a crescent-shaped conveying strip, wherein the amplitude is slightly larger than that of the backing weld, the arc breaking frequency is basically equivalent, and the welding method is the same as that of the backing weld.
In the welding operation process, a welding gun is used for carrying out uniform and stable uphill welding, and the constant arc length is kept; when the welding wire is added, the arc length is elongated to 2-5mm, so that the welding wire can point to the center of the welding bead and can freely extend into the welding bead; when the molten pool is heated to a certain temperature, the welding gun is inclined forward and backward by 10 degrees, so that the molten drop enters from the edge of the groove.
The welding parameters were set as: when the welding current is 170-180A, the welding voltage is 20-21V, the welding speed is 5.6mm/s, and the protective gas flow is 15-20L/min.
The welding parameters were set as: when the welding current is 160-170A, the welding voltage is 22-23V, the welding speed is 5.6mm/s, and the protective gas flow is 15-20L/min.
In the first step, the included angle between the front part of the welding gun and the welding gun main body is 135 degrees.
And step two, placing a stainless steel mirror about 200mm in front of the workpiece to be welded, and tilting the mirror down by 15 degrees.
And step three, the purity of the argon is 99.999%, and the protective gas spray head is made of a porcelain nozzle and fixed at a distance of 100mm from the welding line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1, a bent pipe welding gun is convenient to enter a narrow pipe for welding;
2, mirror reflection is adopted, so that an operator can observe the condition of the molten pool, and the operation and the adjustment are convenient;
3, when the copper in the outlet pipe is subjected to surfacing welding, the optimal gas welding starting position and the optimal welding gun angle are selected, so that a good welding seam is formed, and the generation of welding defects is avoided;
4, arc-breaking welding is adopted, arc-extinguishing is carried out repeatedly, the temperature of a molten pool is prevented from being overhigh for a long time, welding defects caused by overhigh temperature are reduced, and the workpiece is greatly prevented from being heated and deformed;
and 5, adopting segmented welding to reduce continuous heat input of one-time welding, thereby reducing welding deformation and generation of cracks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of the dimensions of a guide sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a bend angle of a torch according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a guide sleeve fixture according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a welding groove according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a weld initiation point determination according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a welding gun in an angle to the direction of welding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a welding sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is a specific embodiment of the present invention, which will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for carrying out copper surfacing in a narrow space comprises the following steps,
taking the XDN 400-YG 02 guiding sleeve as an example of inner hole copper build-up welding, as shown in fig. 1,
firstly, the guide sleeve is cylindrical, the guide sleeve is polished and cleaned, copper is added to the position of a welding seam at the circumferential sinking groove on the inner wall of the guide sleeve, and the guide sleeve is fixed on a tool;
as shown in fig. 2, because the inner space of the guide sleeve is narrow, the front part of the welding gun is bent, and the included angle between the front part of the welding gun and the main body of the welding gun is 135 degrees, so that the welding gun can enter the guide sleeve;
secondly, as shown in fig. 3, a stainless steel mirror is placed at the position of about 200mm in front of the guide sleeve, and the mirror is declined by 15 degrees, so that an operator can see the state of a molten pool during welding;
thirdly, an inflation chamber is adopted to conduct argon filling protection on the aluminum bronze welding wire and the inner hole of the guide sleeve, the purity of argon is 99.999 percent, a protective gas nozzle is made of a porcelain nozzle and fixed at a distance of 100mm from a welding seam, and the sufficient protection of the welding seam is guaranteed;
fourthly, when the depth of the sinking groove is less than 3mm, the welding seam is single-layer surfacing; when the depth of the sinking groove is more than 3mm, the welding seam is multilayer surfacing; when the width of the sink groove is less than 7mm, the welding seam is single-pass surfacing; when the width of the sink groove is larger than 7mm, the welding seam is subjected to multi-pass surfacing; the thickness of each layer of welding seam is 3mm, and the two sides of the fusion notch are 0.5 mm; the welding groove in this embodiment is shown in fig. 4;
fifthly, as shown in figure 5, placing a welding gun at the position of 7 o' clock of the cross section of the guide sleeve as a welding starting point;
in this embodiment, to ensure the best welding formation, the best welding starting point is selected, and the welding gun is placed at 7 o' clock of the cross section of the workpiece, at which time the weld formation is the best. If the weld bead depth exceeds seven o 'clock positions, weld beading is easy to occur on the surface of the weld joint, the weld penetration is insufficient, and if the weld bead depth is less than 7 o' clock positions, the formed weld bead protrusion penetration depth is too large, and a high-quality weld joint cannot be formed;
as shown in fig. 6, the included angle between the welding gun and the welding tangent is 87-93 degrees;
the angle between the welding gun and the welding direction can change the extra height of the welding seam during welding. The present invention has found that when the angle of the welding torch to the welding direction is greater than 93 °, the weld surface is more likely to be concave, and when the angle of the welding torch to the welding direction is less than 87 °, the weld surface is more likely to be convex. While when the angle is kept between 87 degrees and 93 degrees, the formed residual height is between 0.5mm and lmm. Meanwhile, the welding gun angle of 87-93 degrees is easier to obtain larger fusion depth, so that the bonding strength of the surfacing layer and the base metal is higher;
sixthly, as shown in the figure 7, sectional welding is adopted, and each section of welding line is 20-30mm long and 20-30mm apart; the second circle is welded at the vacant position;
during welding, the guide sleeve rotates clockwise, a stainless steel arc striking plate is arranged beside the starting point position, electric arcs are ignited on the arc striking plate, and after the electric arcs are stably burnt, the electric arcs are moved to a welding position; after the first molten pool is formed by welding, the arc is broken, the arc is started again when the molten pool is in a dark red state without waiting for the complete cooling of the molten pool, and the arc is struck at 1/2 at the front part of the first molten pool and swings slightly; breaking the arc after the second molten pool is formed, and enabling each molten pool to cover 1/2 of the previous molten pool;
during uphill welding, the molten copper flows to the rear of the welding bead, so that the electric arc can penetrate into the bottom of the molten pool, and the defect of incomplete penetration or incomplete fusion is avoided; cleaning a backing weld by facing welding, adopting a crescent-shaped conveying strip, wherein the amplitude is slightly larger than that of the backing weld, the arc breaking frequency is basically equivalent, and the welding method is the same as that of the backing weld;
in the welding operation process, a welding gun is used for carrying out uniform and stable uphill welding, and the constant arc length is kept; when the welding wire is added, the arc length is elongated to 2-5mm, so that the welding wire can point to the center of the welding bead and can freely extend into the welding bead; when the molten pool is heated to a certain temperature, the welding gun is inclined forward and backward by 10 degrees, so that the molten drop enters from the edge of the groove.
In this embodiment, the welding parameters are set as: the welding current is 170-180A, the welding voltage is 20-21V, the welding speed is 5.6mm/s, and the protective gas flow is 15-20L/min;
another welding parameter of the present embodiment is set as follows: the welding current is 160-170A, the welding voltage is 22-23V, the welding speed is 5.6mm/s, and the protective gas flow is 15-20L/min.
Claims (9)
1. A method for carrying out copper surfacing in a narrow space is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the steps are as follows,
firstly, a workpiece to be welded is cylindrical, the workpiece to be welded is polished and cleaned, copper is added to the position of a welding line at a circumferential sink groove on the inner wall of the workpiece to be welded, and the workpiece to be welded is fixed on a tool; bending the front part of the welding gun so that the welding gun can enter the inside of a workpiece to be welded;
secondly, a mirror is placed at the front part of the workpiece to be welded, so that an operator can see the state of a molten pool during welding;
thirdly, an inflation chamber is adopted to carry out argon filling protection on the aluminum bronze welding wire and the inner hole of the workpiece to be welded, so that the full protection of the welding seam is ensured;
fourthly, when the depth of the sinking groove is less than 3mm, the welding seam is single-layer surfacing; when the depth of the sinking groove is more than 3mm, the welding seam is multilayer surfacing;
when the width of the sink groove is less than 7mm, the welding seam is single-pass surfacing; when the width of the sink groove is larger than 7mm, the welding seam is subjected to multi-pass surfacing;
the thickness of each layer of welding seam is 3mm, and the two sides of the fusion notch are 0.5 mm;
fifthly, placing a welding gun at the position of 7 o' clock of the cross section of the workpiece to be welded as a welding starting point; the included angle of the welding gun and the welding electric tangent line is 87-93 degrees;
sixthly, adopting sectional welding, wherein the length of each section of welding line is 20-30mm, and the interval is 20-30 mm; and the second circle is subjected to repair welding on the vacant part.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step of (c), (c) and (d),
when welding, a workpiece to be welded rotates clockwise, a stainless steel arc ignition plate is arranged beside the position of the starting point, electric arcs are ignited on the arc ignition plate, and the workpiece to be welded is moved to a welding position after the electric arcs are stably combusted;
after the first molten pool is formed by welding, the arc is broken, the arc is started again when the molten pool is in a dark red state without waiting for the complete cooling of the molten pool, and the arc is struck at 1/2 at the front part of the first molten pool and swings slightly;
after the second molten pool is formed, the arc is broken so that each molten pool covers 1/2 of the previous molten pool.
3. A method of performing copper build-up welding in a confined space according to claim 2 wherein: during uphill welding, the molten copper flows to the rear of the welding bead, so that the electric arc can penetrate into the bottom of the molten pool, and the defect of incomplete penetration or incomplete fusion is avoided; and cleaning a backing weld by facing welding, adopting a crescent-shaped conveying strip, wherein the amplitude is slightly larger than that of the backing weld, the arc breaking frequency is basically equivalent, and the welding method is the same as that of the backing weld.
4. A method of performing copper build-up welding in a confined space according to claim 2 wherein: in the welding operation process, a welding gun is used for carrying out uniform and stable uphill welding, and the constant arc length is kept; when the welding wire is added, the arc length is elongated to 2-5mm, so that the welding wire can point to the center of the welding bead and can freely extend into the welding bead; when the molten pool is heated to a certain temperature, the welding gun is inclined forward and backward by 10 degrees, so that the molten drop enters from the edge of the groove.
5. A method of performing copper build-up welding in a confined space according to claim 2 wherein: the welding parameters were set as: when the welding current is 170-180A, the welding voltage is 20-21V, the welding speed is 5.6mm/s, and the protective gas flow is 15-20L/min.
6. A method of performing copper build-up welding in a confined space according to claim 2 wherein: the welding parameters were set as: when the welding current is 160-170A, the welding voltage is 22-23V, the welding speed is 5.6mm/s, and the protective gas flow is 15-20L/min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the included angle between the front part of the welding gun and the welding gun main body is 135 degrees.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step two, placing a stainless steel mirror about 200mm in front of the workpiece to be welded, and tilting the mirror down by 15 degrees.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step three, the purity of the argon is 99.999%, and the protective gas spray head is made of a porcelain nozzle and fixed at a distance of 100mm from the welding line.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112589234A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-02 | 中铁宝桥（扬州）有限公司 | Automatic welding process for diaphragm plate connecting plate |
| CN114769797A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-22 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Welding method of cross hole part of underwater Christmas tree |
| CN114799424A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-29 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Welding method for inner hole of cylindrical part of underwater Christmas tree |
| CN114952103A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-30 | 广州文船重工有限公司 | Method for acquiring welding parameters of U-shaped rib |
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| CN114952103A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-30 | 广州文船重工有限公司 | Method for acquiring welding parameters of U-shaped rib |
| CN114952103B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-12-19 | 广州文船重工有限公司 | U-rib welding parameter acquisition method |
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