CN111540996A - Flexible power division ratio dual-band branch line millimeter wave coupler based on ridge gap waveguide - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a ridge gap waveguide-based millimeter wave coupler with a flexible power division ratio and dual-band branch lines, wherein the coupler comprises: casing, first plane metal sheet, second plane metal sheet, interior part branch line coupler, four two segmentation impedance transformer and a plurality of metal pins, interior part branch line coupler includes: two first metal ridges with the same characteristic impedance and two second metal ridges with the same characteristic impedance, the two-stage impedance transformer comprises: the first plane metal plate and the second plane metal plate are parallel and are positioned in the shell, and the internal branch line coupler, the two-section impedance transformer and the metal pin are positioned on the surface, facing the second plane metal plate, of the first plane metal plate. The medium in the coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention is air, so that the transmission loss of a high-frequency signal in the transmission process in the coupler is reduced.

Description

Flexible power division ratio dual-band branch-line millimeter-wave coupler based on ridge-gap waveguide

technical field

The invention relates to the field of electrical technology, in particular to a flexible power division ratio dual-band branch line millimeter wave coupler based on a ridge-gap waveguide.

Background technique

A coupler is a four-port device with an input port, an output port, etc., which can distribute the power of the signal input from the input port in proportion, and output the signal obtained after the power distribution from the output port. A signal transmission path exists between the input port and the output port of the coupler, and the coupler is filled with a signal transmission medium. After the signal enters the coupler from the input port, it is transmitted to the output port in the medium filled in the coupler along the above-mentioned signal transmission path.

Based on the above situation, in the prior art, a coupler generally includes a transmission path, a metal ground, and a medium filled between the transmission path and the metal ground. Wherein, the above-mentioned transmission path is composed of microstrip lines, the above-mentioned medium is a solid medium, and the above-mentioned metal ground is a metal sheet. Although the above-mentioned coupler in the prior art can realize signal processing, the dielectric constant of the solid medium is generally large, which will lead to large transmission loss during the transmission of high-frequency signals in the coupler.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a flexible power division ratio dual-band branch line millimeter-wave coupler based on a ridge-gap waveguide, so as to reduce the transmission loss during the transmission of high-frequency signals in the coupler. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

Embodiments of the present invention provide a flexible power division ratio dual-band branch line millimeter-wave coupler based on a ridge-gap waveguide. The coupler includes: a housing, a first planar metal plate, a second planar metal plate, and an internal branch line coupler , four two-stage impedance transformers and multiple metal pins;

The internal branch line coupler includes: two first metal ridges with the same characteristic impedance and two second metal ridges with the same characteristic impedance, and the characteristic impedances of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge are different; the two first metal ridges have different characteristic impedances; The ridges are arranged in parallel, the two second metal ridges are arranged in parallel, and two ends of each first metal ridge are respectively connected with one end of one second metal ridge;

Each two-stage impedance transformer is used to connect with the input port, the straight-through output port, the coupling output port and the isolation port respectively; the two-stage impedance transformer includes: a third metal ridge and a fourth metal ridge, the third The characteristic impedances of the metal ridge and the fourth metal ridge are different, and the third metal ridge and the fourth metal ridge are located on the same straight line and connected;

the first planar metal plate and the second planar metal plate are parallel and located within the housing;

The internal branch line coupler and each two-stage impedance transformer are located on the surface of the first flat metal plate facing the second flat metal plate;

Every two two-stage impedance transformers are respectively connected to two ends of a first metal ridge, and are respectively connected to one end of a second metal ridge connected to the one first metal ridge; the two two-stage impedance transformers The transducer is in a straight line with the one first metal ridge;

The metal pin is located on the surface of the first flat metal plate facing the second flat metal plate, and has a part other than the internal branch line coupler and the two-stage impedance transformer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal ridge is perpendicular to the second metal ridge.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal ridge, the second metal ridge, the third metal ridge and the fourth metal ridge have the same width, different lengths and different heights.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the electrical lengths of the first metal ridge, the second metal ridge, the third metal ridge and the fourth metal ridge are the same.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the size of each of the first metal ridges is the same, and/or the size of each of the second metal ridges is the same, and/or the size of each of the third metal ridges is the same, and/or the size of each of the fourth metal ridges is the same The size is the same, and/or the size of each metal pin is the same, and the distribution period among the metal pins is the same.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the casing is a non-sealed casing.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the first planar metal plate, the second planar metal plate, the internal branch line coupler, the two-stage impedance transformer and the metal pins are made of aluminum.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the center of the internal branch line coupler coincides with the center of the first planar metal plate.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the coupler further includes: an input port, a straight-through output port, a coupled output port and an isolated output port;

The input port, the straight-through output port, the coupling output port and the isolation port are respectively connected with the respective two-stage impedance transformers.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the input port, the straight-through output port, the coupling output port and the isolation port are all wave ports.

Beneficial effects of the embodiment of the present invention:

It can be seen from the above that in the coupler provided by the embodiment of the present invention, no other medium is filled between the first flat metal plate and the second flat metal plate. Therefore, the medium between the first flat metal plate and the second flat metal plate for air. In this way, in the process that the input signal is transmitted from the input port to the output port along the transmission path composed of the internal branch line coupler and the two-stage impedance converter and is distributed by power, the transmission medium of the input signal is air. Due to the low dielectric constant of air, the transmission loss of high frequency signals during transmission within the coupler is reduced.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

1A is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible power division ratio dual-band branch line millimeter-wave coupler based on a ridge-gap waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;

1B is a top view of an internal branch line coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

1C is a top view of a two-stage impedance converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

1D is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship between metal ridges according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coupler circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a dispersion curve of a first metal pin provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a dispersion curve of a second metal pin provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a single metal ridge gap waveguide in a coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of return loss and isolation parameters of a first coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a transmission coefficient and a coupling coefficient of a first coupler provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

8 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a phase difference between output signals of a first coupler provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of return loss and isolation parameters of a second coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

10 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a transmission coefficient and a coupling coefficient of a second coupler provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a phase difference between output signals of a second type of coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Since the dielectric constant of the medium in the coupler in the prior art is relatively large, the transmission loss of the high-frequency signal during transmission in the coupler is relatively large. To solve this problem, the embodiment of the present invention provides a ridge-based A flexible power division ratio dual-band branch-line millimeter-wave coupler for gap waveguides.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a flexible power division ratio dual-band branch line millimeter-wave coupler based on a ridge-gap waveguide is provided. The coupler includes: a housing, a first planar metal plate, a second planar metal plate, Internal branch line coupler, four two-stage impedance transformers and multiple metal pins;

The above-mentioned internal branch line coupler includes: two first metal ridges with the same characteristic impedance and two second metal ridges with the same characteristic impedance; the characteristic impedances of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge are different; the two first metal ridges The two second metal ridges are arranged in parallel, and two ends of each first metal ridge are respectively connected with one end of one second metal ridge.

Each two-stage impedance transformer is respectively used for connecting with the input port, the straight-through output port, the coupling output port and the isolation port; the above-mentioned two-stage impedance transformer includes: a third metal ridge and a fourth metal ridge, the third metal ridge The characteristic impedances of the ridge and the fourth metal ridge are different; the third metal ridge and the fourth metal ridge are located on the same straight line and connected.

The first flat metal plate and the second flat metal plate are parallel and located in the housing.

The internal branch line coupler is located on the surface of the first flat metal plate facing the second flat metal plate.

The two-stage impedance transformer is located on the surface of the first flat metal plate facing the second flat metal plate; every two two-stage impedance transformers are respectively connected to two ends of a first metal ridge, and are respectively connected to the two ends of the first metal ridge. One end of the second metal ridge connected to the first metal ridge; the two two-stage impedance transformers are located on a straight line with the first metal ridge.

The metal pin is located on the surface of the first flat metal plate facing the second flat metal plate, and the part except for the internal branch line coupler and the two-stage impedance transformer.

In the coupler provided by the embodiment of the present invention, no other medium is filled between the first flat metal plate and the second flat metal plate, so the medium between the first flat metal plate and the second flat metal plate is air. In this way, in the process that the input signal is transmitted from the input port to the output port along the transmission path composed of the internal branch line coupler and the two-stage impedance converter and is distributed by power, the transmission medium of the input signal is air. Due to the low dielectric constant of air, the transmission loss of high frequency signals during transmission within the coupler is reduced.

The flexible power division ratio dual-band branch line millimeter-wave coupler based on the ridge-gap waveguide provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 1A, a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band branch line millimeter-wave coupler with flexible power division ratio based on a ridge-gap waveguide is provided. Referring to FIG. 1B, it is a top view of an internal branch line coupler provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Referring to FIG. 1C , it is a top view of a two-stage impedance transformer provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the above-mentioned coupler includes: a casing, a first planar metal plate 101 , a second planar metal plate 102 , an internal branch line coupler 103 , four two-stage impedance transformers 104 and a plurality of metal pins 105 .

1A and FIG. 1B , the above-mentioned internal branch line coupler 103 includes: two first metal ridges 1031 with the same characteristic impedance and two second metal ridges 1032 with the same characteristic impedance, the first metal ridge 1031 and the second metal ridge The characteristic impedance of the 1032 is different.

Specifically, the above-mentioned internal branch line coupler is used to realize the power distribution of the input signal. Since metal ridges with the same size have the same characteristic impedance, the first metal ridge 1031 may have the same size, the second metal ridge 1032 may have the same size, and the first metal ridge 1031 and the second metal ridge 1032 may have different sizes. For example, the size of the first metal ridge 1031 is: length 11.75mm, height 2.45mm, width 1.6mm, the size of the second metal ridge 1032 is: length 11.78mm, height 2.44mm, width 1.6mm, or the first The dimensions of the metal ridge 1031 are: length 7.6 mm, height 2.85 mm, and width 2 mm, and the dimensions of the second metal ridge 1032 are: length 7.93 mm, height 2.98 mm, and width 2 mm.

If the sizes of the first metal ridges 1031 are the same and the sizes of the second metal ridges 1032 are the same, the structure of the coupler is relatively simple, the workload of coupler design and manufacture can be reduced, and the manufacturing efficiency of the coupler can be improved.

In addition, the sizes of the first metal ridges 1031 can also be different, and the sizes of the second metal ridges 1032 can also be different.

Furthermore, the characteristic impedance of the first metal ridge 1031 and the second metal ridge 1032 can be adjusted by adjusting the dimensions of the first metal ridge 1031 and the second metal ridge 1032 . By adjusting the characteristics of the first metal ridge 1031 and the second metal ridge 1032 Impedance can change the power ratio between the output signal of the directly connected output port of the coupler and the output signal of the coupled output port. If the power ratio of the above two output signals is 1, it means the power of the above two output signals is the same, then the coupling If the power ratio of the above two output signals is not 1, indicating that the power of the above two output signals is different, the coupler is an unequal split coupler.

Therefore, by changing the dimensions of the first metal ridge 1031 and the second metal ridge 1032 without changing the overall structure and circuit relationship of the coupler, the power distribution between the output signal of the direct-connected output port and the output signal of the coupled output port can be realized , so the power division ratio of the above coupler can be flexibly adjusted.

The two first metal ridges 1031 are arranged in parallel, the two second metal ridges 1032 are arranged in parallel, and two ends of each first metal ridge 1031 are respectively connected to one end of one second metal ridge 1032 . The coupler formed by the first metal ridge 1031 and the second metal ridge 1032 connected in the above manner is called an internal branch line coupler.

Assuming that the two first metal ridges 1031 are respectively called the first metal ridge A and the first metal ridge B, and the two second metal ridges 1032 are respectively called the second metal ridge C and the second metal ridge D, then the first metal ridges Ridge A is parallel to the first metal ridge B, the second metal ridge C is parallel to the second metal ridge D, one end a1 of the first metal ridge A is connected to one end c1 of the second metal ridge C, and the other end a2 of the first metal ridge A It is connected to one end d1 of the second metal ridge D, one end b1 of the first metal ridge B is connected to one end c2 of the second metal ridge C, and one end b2 of the first metal ridge B is connected to one end d2 of the second metal ridge D.

Specifically, the width of the connecting portion between the second metal ridge 1032 and the first metal ridge 1031 is smaller than the width of the second metal ridge 1032. For example, the width of the second metal ridge 1032 may be 2 mm, and the second metal ridge 1032 The width of the portion connected to the first metal ridge 1031 may be 0.5 mm, the width of the second metal ridge 1032 may be 1.6 mm, the width of the portion connected to the second metal ridge 1032 and the first metal ridge 1031 may be 0.9 mm, etc.

Referring to FIG. 1D, a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the metal ridges is provided.

The first metal ridge A and the first metal ridge B are two first metal ridges 1031, the second metal ridge C and the second metal ridge D are two second metal ridges 1032, the third metal ridge E, the third metal ridge The metal ridges F, the third metal ridges G, and the third metal ridges H are four third metal ridges 1041, and the fourth metal ridges I, the fourth metal ridges J, the fourth metal ridges K, and the fourth metal ridges L are four. Fourth metal ridge 1042 .

The two ends of the first metal ridge A are a1 and a2 respectively, the two ends of the first metal ridge B are b1 and b2 respectively, the two ends of the second metal ridge C are c1 and c2 respectively, the two ends of the second metal ridge D are respectively are d1 and d2 respectively, the two ends of the third metal ridge E are e1 and e2 respectively, the two ends of the third metal ridge F are f1 and f2 respectively, the two ends of the third metal ridge G are g1 and g2 respectively, the third The two ends of the metal ridge H are respectively h1 and h2, the two ends of the fourth metal ridge I are respectively i1 and i2, the two ends of the fourth metal ridge J are respectively j1 and j2, and the two ends of the fourth metal ridge K are respectively k1 and k2, two ends of the fourth metal ridge L are l1 and l2 respectively.

It can be seen from FIG. 1D that the first metal ridge A is parallel to the first metal ridge B, the second metal ridge C is parallel to the second metal ridge D, and a part of the c1 end of the second metal ridge C is connected to the a1 end of the first metal ridge A. , the other part is connected with the i1 end of the fourth metal ridge I; a part of the d1 end of the second metal ridge D is connected with the a2 end of the first metal ridge A, and the other part is connected with the j1 end of the fourth metal ridge J; the second metal ridge D is connected with the a2 end of the first metal ridge A; A part of the c2 end of the ridge C is connected with the b1 end of the first metal ridge B, and the other part is connected with the k1 end of the fourth metal ridge K; a part of the d2 end of the second metal ridge D is connected with the b2 end of the first metal ridge B, The other part is connected to the l1 end of the fourth metal ridge L.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal ridge 1031 is perpendicular to the second metal ridge 1032 .

Since the two first metal ridges 1031 are arranged in parallel, the two second metal ridges 1032 are arranged in parallel, and the first metal ridges 1031 and the second metal ridges 1032 are perpendicular, the internal branch line coupler 103 has a rectangular structure, as shown in FIG. 1A . Show.

1D, the first metal ridge A is perpendicular to the second metal ridge C and the second metal ridge D, respectively, the first metal ridge B is perpendicular to the second metal ridge C and the second metal ridge D, respectively, the first metal ridges A, The first metal ridge B, the second metal ridge C and the second metal ridge D are rectangular structures.

Each two-stage impedance transformer 104 is used to connect with the input port, the straight-through output port, the coupling output port and the isolation port, respectively.

Specifically, each two-stage impedance converter 104 is used to connect to one of the input port, the straight-through output port, the coupled output port, and the isolated port, respectively. The specific connection relationship can be adjusted according to the application scenario, which is not limited here. .

The signal is input into the coupler through the input port, the straight-through output port and the coupling output port are respectively used for outputting the output signal obtained after power distribution of the input signal, and the isolated port theoretically does not output any signal.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the input port, the straight-through output port, the coupled output port, and the isolated output port may be part of the above-mentioned coupler.

Then, the above-mentioned input port, straight-through output port, coupling output port and isolation port are respectively connected to the two-stage impedance transformers 104 .

Wherein, the above-mentioned input port, straight-through output port, coupling output port and isolation port are all wave ports.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1C , the two-stage impedance transformer 104 includes: a third metal ridge 1041 and a fourth metal ridge 1042 , the third metal ridge 1041 and the fourth metal ridge 1042 are located on the same straight line and connected.

1D, the e1 end of the third metal ridge E is connected to the i2 end of the fourth metal ridge I, and the third metal ridge E and the fourth metal ridge I are located on the same line; the f1 end of the third metal ridge F is connected to the The j2 ends of the four metal ridges J are connected, and the third metal ridge F and the fourth metal ridge J are located on the same line; the g1 end of the third metal ridge G is connected with the k2 end of the fourth metal ridge K, and the third metal ridge G and the fourth metal ridge K are located on the same line; the h1 end of the third metal ridge H is connected to the l2 end of the fourth metal ridge L, and the third metal ridge H and the fourth metal ridge L are located on the same line.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the characteristic impedances of the third metal ridges 1041 in different two-stage impedance transformers 104 are the same, and the characteristic impedances of the fourth metal ridges 1042 in different two-stage impedance transformers 104 are the same. The characteristic impedances of the three metal ridges 1041 and the respective fourth metal ridges 1042 are different. Similarly, since metal ridges with the same size have the same characteristic impedance, the third metal ridge 1041 may have the same size, the fourth metal ridge 1042 may have the same size, and the third metal ridge 1041 and the fourth metal ridge 1042 may have different sizes .

For example, the size of the third metal ridge 1041 may be: length 11.94mm, height 2.29mm, width 1.6mm, and the size of the fourth metal ridge 1042 may be: length 12.05mm, height 2.14mm, width 1.6mm. Or the size of the third metal ridge 1041 may be: length 8.12mm, height 3.12mm, width 2mm, and the size of the fourth metal ridge 1042 may be: length 8.22mm, height 2.38mm, width 2mm.

If the sizes of the third metal ridges 1041 and the second metal ridges 1042 are the same, the structure of the coupler is simple, the workload of coupler design and manufacture can be reduced, and the manufacturing efficiency of the coupler can be improved.

In addition, the size of each of the third metal ridges 1041 may also be different, and the size of each of the fourth metal ridges 1042 may also be different.

The first flat metal plate 101 and the second flat metal plate 102 are parallel and located in the casing.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first flat metal plate 101 and the second flat metal plate 102 have the same size, for example, the length may be 59.73 mm in length and 29.18 mm in width, or 40.28 mm in length and 21.93 mm in width.

The first flat metal plate 101 and the second flat metal plate 102 can be both rectangular, as shown in FIG. 1A .

In addition, the casing may be a non-sealed casing, which is only used to support the first flat metal plate 101 and the second flat metal plate 102, so that there is a gap between the first flat metal plate 101 and the second flat metal plate 102 Therefore, the interior of the above-mentioned coupler can be connected to the outside air, and the above-mentioned coupler is not filled with other medium, so the medium of the above-mentioned coupler is air.

The internal branch line coupler 103 is located on the surface of the first flat metal plate 101 facing the second flat metal plate 102 .

The two-stage impedance transformer 104 is located on the surface of the first flat metal plate 101 facing the second flat metal plate 102 .

That is, the internal branch line coupler 103 and the two-stage impedance transformer 104 are located on the first planar metal plate 101 and between the first planar metal plate 101 and the second planar metal plate 102 .

Every two two-stage impedance transformers 104 are respectively connected to two ends of a first metal ridge 1031 , and are respectively connected to one end of a second metal ridge 1032 connected to the above-mentioned one first metal ridge 1031 .

That is, each two-stage impedance transformer is connected to both the first metal ridge 1031 and the second metal ridge 1032 .

The two two-stage impedance transformers 104 and the one first metal ridge 1031 are located on a straight line.

1D, the third metal ridge E, the fourth metal ridge I, the first metal ridge A, the fourth metal ridge J and the third metal ridge F are located on the same straight line, the third metal ridge G, the fourth metal ridge K , the first metal ridge B, the fourth metal ridge L and the third metal ridge H are located on the same straight line. As can be seen from the above, since each two-segment impedance converter 104 in the embodiment of the present invention is composed of two third metal ridges 1041 and 1042 with different characteristic impedances, the above-mentioned coupler has dual-frequency characteristics and can work in in two different frequency bands.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal ridge 1031, the second metal ridge 1032, the third metal ridge 1041 and the fourth metal ridge 1042 have the same width; the first metal ridge 1031, the second metal ridge 1032, the third metal ridge 1042 The lengths of the ridges 1041 and the fourth metal ridges 1042 are different; the heights of the first metal ridges 1031 , the second metal ridges 1032 , the third metal ridges 1041 and the fourth metal ridges 1042 are different.

Since the characteristic impedances of the first metal ridge 1031, the second metal ridge 1032, the third metal ridge 1041, and the fourth metal ridge 1042 are different, and the metal ridges with different characteristic impedances must have different sizes, the first metal ridge 1031, the third metal ridge 1041, When the widths of the second metal ridge 1032, the third metal ridge 1041 and the fourth metal ridge 1042 are the same, the length and height of the first metal ridge 1031, the second metal ridge 1032, the third metal ridge 1041 and the fourth metal ridge 1042 are different.

It can be seen from the above that setting a fixed width and designing the size of each metal ridge on the basis of the same width can reduce the workload of coupler design and manufacture, and improve the efficiency of coupler design and manufacture.

In addition, the electrical lengths of the first metal ridge 1031 , the second metal ridge 1032 , the third metal ridge 1041 and the fourth metal ridge 1042 are the same.

Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the center of the internal branch line coupler 103 coincides with the center of the first planar metal plate 101. As shown in FIG. 1A, the coupler is symmetrical in the horizontal plane, and Symmetrical structure up and down.

Since the above-mentioned coupler has a regular left-right and top-bottom symmetrical structure in the horizontal plane, the coupler can be designed and manufactured according to the left-right symmetrical and top-bottom symmetrical structure, which improves the efficiency of designing and manufacturing the coupler.

Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a schematic diagram of a coupler circuit. Corresponding to the structure diagram shown in FIG. 1A , FIG. 2 shows the circuit connection relationship among the first metal ridge 1031 , the second metal ridge 1032 , the third metal ridge 1041 and the fourth metal ridge 1042 .

The black rectangles represent the first metal ridges 1031, the white rectangles represent the second metal ridges 1032, the rectangles containing vertical stripes represent the third metal ridges 1041, and the rectangles containing horizontal stripes represent the fourth metal ridges 1042. Ridges 1041 are respectively connected to the input port, the thru output port, the coupling output port and the isolation port.

The metal pins 105 are located on the surface of the first planar metal plate 101 facing the second planar metal plate 102 , except for the internal branch line coupler 103 and the two-stage impedance transformer 104 .

That is, the metal pins 105 are located on the first flat metal plate 101 and between the first flat metal plate 101 and the second flat metal plate 102 .

Specifically, the height of the metal pins 105 is smaller than the interval between the first flat metal plate 101 and the second flat metal plate 102 , the size of the metal pins 105 may be the same, and the distribution period between the metal pins 105 is the same.

For example, the length and width of the above-mentioned metal pins are 0.8mm, the height is 2.6mm, the distribution period between the metal pins 105 is 2mm, the interval between the metal pins 105 and the second flat metal plate 102 is 0.2mm, or the above-mentioned metal pins The length and width are 0.8mm, the height is 3.2mm, the distribution period between the metal pins 105 is 1.6mm, and the interval between the metal pins 105 and the second flat metal plate 102 is 0.15mm.

The shape of the above-mentioned metal pin 105 may be a rectangular parallelepiped, which is the same as that shown in FIG. 1A , or may be other shapes.

In addition, since the coupler also includes the internal branch line coupler 103 and the two-stage impedance transformer 104 in addition to the metal pin 105, the position of the internal branch line coupler 103 and the two-stage impedance transformer 104 may be different from each other. The positions of the metal pins 105 are adjusted, so the distribution periods between the metal pins 105 may not be exactly the same.

Specifically, the metal pin 105 can be used to block the transmission of a signal whose frequency is within a certain frequency band, and the above frequency band can be called a wave stop band. The signal whose frequency is in the above-mentioned stop band cannot be transmitted in the area where the metal pin 105 exists, that is to say, it is ensured that the signal whose frequency is in the above-mentioned stop band can only be transmitted along the above-mentioned internal branch line coupler 103 and the two-stage impedance transformation controller 104 transmits.

Since the signal can only be transmitted along the internal branch line coupler 103 and the two-stage impedance converter 104, and the internal branch line coupler 103 and the two-stage impedance converter 104 are both composed of metal ridges, that is to say, the signal is coupled The transmission is transmitted along each metal ridge and the gap between the metal ridge and the second planar metal plate 102 in the coupler, so the above-mentioned coupler is a coupler based on a ridge-gap waveguide.

The range of the above stopband varies with the shape, size and spacing of the metal pins. Therefore, changing the shape, size and distribution period of the metal pins without changing the overall structure of the coupler can change the stopband of the coupler. . Further, by adjusting the dimensions of the first metal ridge 1031, the second metal ridge 1032, the third metal ridge 1041, and the fourth metal ridge 1042, the coupler is adjusted so that the operable frequency range of the coupler is located in the wave stop band. Within the millimeter wave range, the above coupler is a millimeter wave coupler.

Referring to FIG. 3 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a schematic diagram of the simulation result of the dispersion curve of the first metal pin. The figure shows that the length and width of the metal pins 105 are 0.8 mm, the height is 2.6 mm, and the distribution among the metal pins 105 The range of the wave stop band when the period is 2mm.

It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the signal cannot be transmitted in the range of 19.6-51.4GHz, so the above-mentioned wave stop band is 19.6-51.4GHz, that is, the length and width of the metal pin 105 are 0.8mm and 2.6mm. When the distribution period between the pins 105 is 2 mm, the wave stop band of the above-mentioned coupler, that is, the maximum frequency range that can work is 19.6-51.4 GHz.

Referring to FIG. 4 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a schematic diagram of the simulation result of the dispersion curve of the second metal pin. The figure shows that the length and width of the metal pins 105 are 0.8 mm, the height is 3.2 mm, and the distribution among the metal pins 105 The range of the wave stop band when the period is 1.6mm. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the signal cannot be transmitted in the range of 17.3-42.9GHz, so the above-mentioned wave stop band is 17.3-42.9GHz, that is, the length and width of the metal pin 105 are 0.8mm, the height is 3.2mm, each metal When the distribution period between the pins 105 is 1.6 mm, the wave stop band of the above-mentioned coupler, that is, the maximum frequency range that can work is 17.3-42.9 GHz.

In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the first flat metal plate 101, the second flat metal plate 102, the internal branch line coupler 103, the two-stage impedance converter 104 and the metal pin 105 is aluminum, or can be Copper and other metals.

In the coupler provided by the embodiment of the present invention, no other medium is filled between the first flat metal plate and the second flat metal plate, so the medium between the first flat metal plate and the second flat metal plate is air. In this way, in the process that the input signal is transmitted from the input port to the output port along the transmission path composed of the internal branch line coupler and the two-stage impedance converter and is distributed by power, the transmission medium of the input signal is air. Due to the low dielectric constant of air, the transmission loss of high frequency signals during transmission within the coupler is reduced.

In addition, since there is no physical connection between the first flat metal plate and the second flat metal plate in the present invention, the above-mentioned first flat metal plate and the second flat metal plate can be manufactured separately, and then integrated, so that the above-mentioned coupler Easier to process and integrate.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a schematic structural diagram of a single metal ridge gap waveguide in a coupler is provided, wherein the metal ridges can be a first metal ridge 1031 , a second metal ridge 1032 , a third metal ridge 1041 and a fourth metal ridge 1042 any of the .

The lower metal plate in the figure is the first flat metal plate 101 , and the upper metal plate is the second flat metal plate 102 . In the figure, the cuboid in the middle is a metal ridge, and the six groups of cuboids on both sides are metal pins 105, and the length and width of the metal pins 105 are the same. The above-mentioned metal ridges are located on the first flat metal plate 101 and face the plate surface of the second flat metal plate. WR is the width of the metal ridge, _Li is the length of the metal ridge, _Hi is the height of the metal ridge, and L _P is the metal ridge _. The width and length of the pins 105, H _P is the height of the metal pins 105, P is the distribution period between the metal pins 105, H _A is the interval between the metal pins and the second flat metal plate 102, W _G is the distance between the metal pins 102 and the metal The distance between the two metal pins 105 with the smallest distance between the ridges can be referred to as the groove width.

Taking the above-mentioned metal ridge as the first metal ridge as an example, the above-mentioned W _R can be 1.6mm, L _i can be 11.75mm, _Hi can be 2.45mm, L _P can be 0.8mm, HP can be 2.6mm, _P can be 2mm, _HA can be 0.2mm, WG can be _5.2mm .

Next, the performance of the coupler is analyzed through specific examples.

Embodiment 1: The dimensions of the first metal ridge 1031 of the above coupler are: length 11.75mm, height 2.45mm, width 1.6mm, and the dimensions of the second metal ridge 1032 are: length 11.78mm, height 2.44mm, width 1.6mm , the width of the connecting part of the second metal ridge 1032 and the first metal ridge 1031 is 0.9mm, the size of the third metal ridge 1041 is: length 11.94mm, height 2.29mm, width 1.6mm, the size of the fourth metal ridge 1042 is: length 12.05mm, height 2.14mm, width 1.6mm, the width of the groove formed by the metal pins 105 is 5.2mm, the length and width of the metal pins 105 are 0.8mm, the height is 2.6mm, the distribution between the metal pins 105 The period is 2mm, and the distance between the metal pin 105 and the second flat metal plate 102 is 0.2mm.

Referring to Figure 6, a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the return loss and isolation parameters of the first coupler is provided. Specifically, the simulation result shown in FIG. 6 is the simulation result of the first embodiment.

Among them, the curve with a triangle in the legend is a curve representing the isolation parameter of the output signal, and the curve with a square in the legend is a curve representing the return loss of the input signal.

Among them, the lower the return loss, the lower the power of the signal reflected out of the coupler from the input port, the less the loss of the input signal, and the better the performance of the coupler. The lower the isolation parameter, the lower the power of the signal output from the isolated port, the less the loss of the signal, and the better the performance of the coupler.

It can be seen from Figure 6 that both the return loss curve and the isolation parameter curve contain two resonance points, that is, the lowest point, the corresponding frequencies are 32.7GHz and 35GHz, and the return loss and isolation parameter values at the resonance point Both are less than -25dB, that is, the minimum values of return loss and isolation parameters are both small. And in the range of 32.06-33.48GHz and 34.26-35.62GHz, the return loss and isolation parameters are both less than -10dB. Therefore, when the frequency of the input signal is 32.06-33.48GHz or 34.26-35.62GHz, when the above coupler is working, the return loss and isolation parameters during signal transmission are both low, that is, the above coupler is in the above two It has good performance in the frequency range, so the above coupler has dual frequency characteristics.

Referring to FIG. 7 , a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the transmission coefficient and coupling coefficient of the first coupler is provided. Specifically, the simulation result shown in FIG. 7 is the simulation result of the first embodiment.

Wherein, the curve with a square in the illustration is a curve representing the transmission coefficient of the through output port, and the curve with a triangle in the illustration is a curve representing the coupling coefficient of the coupled output port.

Among them, referring to the resonance points where the frequencies of the input signal are 32.7GHz and 35GHz in FIG. 6 , the power ratios between the output signal of the direct output port and the output signal of the coupling output port are 2.28dB and 1.99dB respectively, and in FIG. 6 In the ranges of 32.06-33.48GHz and 34.26-35.62GHz shown, the power ratio between the output signal of the through output port and the output signal of the coupled output port is always close to 2dB, so in the dual-band range of the above coupler, A stable 2dB power ratio is always maintained between the output signal of the through output port and the output signal of the coupling output port. The power of the output signal of the coupler is unequally divided, so the coupler is an unequal splitting coupler.

Referring to FIG. 8 , a schematic diagram of the simulation result of the phase difference between the output signals of the first coupler is provided. Specifically, the simulation result shown in FIG. 8 is the simulation result of the first embodiment.

It can be seen from Figure 8 that when the frequency range of the input signal is 32.32-35.96GHz, the phase difference of the output signal of the through output port and the coupled output port is within 90±5°, that is, within the above frequency range, the through output port and The phases of the output signals of the coupled output ports are quadrature. And the above-mentioned frequency range of 32.32-35.96GHz includes two resonance points with frequencies of 32.7GHz and 35GHz, and almost includes the frequency ranges of 32.06-33.48GHz and 34.26-35.62GHz shown in FIG. 6 .

It can be seen from the above that the working frequency range of the coupler of the first embodiment is 32.32-33.48GHz and 34.26-35.62GHz. The phases of the signals are in quadrature. And the signals whose frequencies belong to the above-mentioned two frequency bands of 32.32-33.48GHz and 34.26-35.62GHz are millimeter-wave signals, so the above-mentioned first embodiment is an unequal dual-band millimeter-wave coupler.

Embodiment 2: The dimensions of the first metal ridge 1031 of the above coupler are: length 7.6mm, height 2.85mm, width 2mm, and the dimensions of the second metal ridge 1032 are: length 7.93mm, height 2.98mm, width 2mm, The width of the connecting portion of the second metal ridge 1032 and the first metal ridge 1031 is 0.5 mm, the dimensions of the third metal ridge 1041 are: length 8.12 mm, height 3.12 mm, width 2 mm, and the dimensions of the fourth metal ridge 1042 are: length 8.22mm, height 2.38mm, width 2mm, the width of the groove formed by the metal pins 105 is 4mm, the length and width of the metal pins 105 are 0.8mm, the height is 3.2mm, the distribution period between the metal pins 105 is 1.6mm, the metal The distance between the pin 105 and the second flat metal plate 102 is 0.15 mm.

Referring to Figure 9, a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the return loss and isolation parameters of the second coupler is provided. Specifically, the simulation result shown in FIG. 9 is the simulation result of the second embodiment.

The curve with a triangle in the illustration is a curve representing the return loss of the input signal, and the curve with a square in the illustration is a curve representing the isolation parameter of the output signal.

Among them, the lower the return loss, the lower the power of the signal reflected out of the coupler from the input port, the less the loss of the input signal, and the better the performance of the coupler. The lower the isolation parameter, the lower the power of the signal output from the isolated port, the less the loss of the signal, and the better the performance of the coupler.

It can be seen from Figure 9 that both the return loss curve and the isolation parameter curve contain two resonance points, namely the lowest point, the corresponding frequencies are 26.3GHz and 33.7GHz respectively, and the return loss and isolation parameters at the resonance point are obtained. The values are all less than -20dB, that is, the minimum values of return loss and isolation parameters are both small. And in the range of 25.84-26.88GHz and 33.32-34.08GHz, the return loss and isolation parameters are both less than -10dB. Therefore, when the frequency of the input signal is 25.84-26.88GHz and 33.32-34.08GHz, when the above coupler is working, the return loss and isolation parameters in the process of signal transmission are low, that is, the above coupler is in the above two It has good performance in the frequency range, so the above coupler has dual frequency characteristics.

Referring to FIG. 10 , a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the transmission coefficient and coupling coefficient of the second coupler is provided. Specifically, the simulation result shown in FIG. 10 is the simulation result of the second embodiment.

Wherein, the curve with a square in the illustration is a curve representing the transmission coefficient of the through output port, and the curve with a triangle in the illustration is a curve representing the coupling coefficient of the coupled output port.

Among them, referring to the resonance points where the frequencies of the input signal are 26.3GHz and 33.7GHz in FIG. 9 , the power ratios between the output signal of the direct output port and the output signal of the coupled output port are 0.15dB and 0.38dB respectively, and in FIG. In the ranges of 25.84-26.88GHz and 33.32-34.08GHz shown in 9, the power ratio between the output signal of the above-mentioned through output port and the output signal of the coupled output port is always close to 0dB, so in the dual-band range of the above coupler , a stable 0dB power ratio is always maintained between the output signal of the through output port and the output signal of the coupling output port, that is, the power of the output signal of the two ports is the same, and the power of the output signal of the coupler is equally divided, so the above The coupler is a split coupler.

Referring to FIG. 11 , a schematic diagram of the simulation result of the phase difference between the output signals of the second coupler is provided. Specifically, the simulation result shown in FIG. 11 is the simulation result of the second embodiment.

It can be seen from Figure 11 that when the frequency range of the input signal is 25.79-26.66GHz and 33.37-34.27GHz, the phase difference of the output signal of the through output port and the coupled output port is within 90±5°, that is, within the above frequency range , the phases of the output signals of the through output port and the coupled output port are quadrature. The frequencies 26.3 GHz and 33.7 GHz of the two resonance points shown in FIG. 9 are located in the above frequency range, and the above frequency range is similar to the ranges of 25.84-26.88 GHz and 33.32-34.08 GHz shown in FIG. 9 .

It can be seen from the above that the workable frequency range of the coupler of the second embodiment is 25.84-26.66GHz and 33.37-34.08GHz two frequency bands. phase quadrature. And the signals whose frequencies belong to the above-mentioned two frequency bands 25.84-26.66GHz and 33.37-34.08GHz are millimeter-wave signals, so the second embodiment above is an equally divided dual-band millimeter-wave coupler.

In addition, by adjusting the size and positional relationship of each metal ridge and metal pin, different power ratios of output signals can be achieved.

It can be seen from the above Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 that by adjusting the size and positional relationship of each metal ridge and metal pin, the equal or unequal division of the signal can be achieved, and different output signal power ratios can be achieved without the need for By changing the overall structure and circuit relationship of the coupler, couplers with different output signal power ratios can be conveniently designed and manufactured, and the flexible distribution of the output signal power ratio is realized.

It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any relationship between these entities or operations. any such actual relationship or sequence exists. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes not explicitly listed or other elements inherent to such a process, method, article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A flexible power division ratio dual-band branch line millimeter wave coupler based on ridge gap waveguide, the coupler comprising: the impedance transformer comprises a shell, a first plane metal plate (101), a second plane metal plate (102), an internal branch coupler (103), four two-section impedance transformers (104) and a plurality of metal pins (105);

the internal portion spur coupler (103) comprises: two first metal ridges (1031) with the same characteristic impedance and two second metal ridges (1032) with the same characteristic impedance, wherein the characteristic impedance of the first metal ridges (1031) is different from that of the second metal ridges (1032); the two first metal ridges (1031) are arranged in parallel, the two second metal ridges (1032) are arranged in parallel, and two ends of each first metal ridge (1031) are respectively connected with one end of one second metal ridge (1032);

each two-section impedance transformer (104) is respectively used for being connected with the input port, the through output port, the coupling output port and the isolation port; the two-stage impedance transformer (104) comprises: a third metal ridge (1041) and a fourth metal ridge (1042), the characteristic impedances of the third metal ridge (1041) and the fourth metal ridge (1042) are different, the third metal ridge (1041) and the fourth metal ridge (1042) are positioned on the same straight line and connected;

the first planar metal plate (101) and the second planar metal plate (102) are parallel and are positioned in the shell; the internal branch line coupler (103) and each two-section impedance transformer (104) are positioned on the surface of the first planar metal plate (101) facing the second planar metal plate (102);

every two-section impedance transformers (104) are respectively connected to two ends of a first metal ridge (1031) and one end of a second metal ridge (1032) connected with the first metal ridge (1031); the two-section impedance transformers (104) are located in line with the one first metal ridge (1031);

the metal pin (105) is located on the plate surface of the first planar metal plate (101) facing the second planar metal plate (102) except for the inner branch line coupler (103) and the two-stage impedance transformer (104).

2. Coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that the first metal ridge (1031) is perpendicular to the second metal ridge (1032).

3. The coupler of claim 1,

the first metal ridge (1031), the second metal ridge (1032), the third metal ridge (1041) and the fourth metal ridge (1042) are the same in width, different in length and different in height.

4. The coupler of claim 1,

the first metal ridge (1031), the second metal ridge (1032), the third metal ridge (1041) and the fourth metal ridge (1042) have the same electrical length.

5. The coupler of claim 1,

the first metal ridges (1031) are of the same size and/or

The second metal ridges (1032) are of the same size, and/or

The third metal ridges (1041) have the same size, and/or

The fourth metal ridges (1042) are of the same size, and/or

The metal pins (105) have the same size, and the distribution period between the metal pins (105) is the same.

6. The coupler of claim 1, wherein the housing is a non-sealed housing.

7. The coupler of claim 1,

the first plane metal plate (101), the second plane metal plate (102), the internal branch coupler (103), the two-section impedance transformer (104) and the metal pin (105) are made of aluminum.

8. The coupler of claim 1,

the center of the internal part-branch coupler (103) coincides with the center of the first planar metal plate (101).

9. The coupler according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the coupler further comprises: the input port, the through output port, the coupling output port and the isolation output port;

the input port, the through output port, the coupling output port and the isolation port are respectively connected with the two-section impedance transformer (104).

10. The coupler of claim 9, wherein the input port, the pass-through output port, the coupled output port, and the isolated port are all wave ports.

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