CN111540921A - Fuel cell gas diffusion layer integrated with flow field and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell gas diffusion layer integrated with flow field and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111540921A CN111540921A CN202010371401.3A CN202010371401A CN111540921A CN 111540921 A CN111540921 A CN 111540921A CN 202010371401 A CN202010371401 A CN 202010371401A CN 111540921 A CN111540921 A CN 111540921A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell gas diffusion layer of an integrated flow field, which comprises a substrate layer and a microporous layer; one surface of the substrate layer is provided with a network-shaped flow passage formed by interconnected grooves; the other side of the substrate layer is provided with a microporous layer. The invention keeps the gas path smooth through the network-shaped flow channel, and the starvation of downstream reaction gas caused by blockage at one position can be avoided; the flow channel is arranged in the diffusion layer, so that water discharged into the flow channel can be discharged to the outlet along with the air flow, and can be absorbed into the capillary micropores of the diffusion layer close to the polar plate, so that the smoothness of an air path can be kept, and the water storage and moisture preservation under the dry condition can be realized. The water generated in the electrode is discharged to the flow channels through the diffusion layer, and the water is transported from the electrode to the flow channels in the diffusion layer by the gradient distribution of the strong hydrophobicity near the electrode to the weak hydrophobicity near the bipolar plate in the diffusion layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell gas diffusion layer with an integrated flow field.
Background
Hydrogen energy is widely regarded as the ultimate energy source in the 21 st century, and the development of hydrogen energy and fuel cells is widely favored by various economic entities all over the world, and certain plans and layouts in the fields of hydrogen energy and fuel cells are already available in the united states, europe, japan, korea and china. The core components of the fuel cell mainly comprise a bipolar plate, a gas diffusion layer, a catalyst and a proton exchange membrane. The functions of the gas diffusion layer are mainly: (1) providing a passage for the reactant gas to enter the entire electrode (catalyst layer) region; (2) providing channels for product water from the catalyst layer to the bipolar plate flow field; (3) transferring electricity and heat generated by the catalyst layer to the bipolar plate; (4) providing mechanical support for the membrane electrode. The ideal gas diffusion layer should have the following conditions: good gas distribution capability, good drainage capability, good heat dissipation capability, good compressibility and good conductivity. The gas diffusion layer is generally composed of a substrate layer and a microporous layer, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer is 100-400 μm, and the substrate layer is generally made of carbon paper or carbon cloth; the thickness of the microporous layer is 10-100 μm, and the microporous layer mainly has the functions of reducing the contact resistance between the catalyst layer and the substrate layer, redistributing gas and water and preventing the catalyst layer from flooding.
Water vapor management inside a fuel cell has a large impact on the operation of the fuel cell, especially for high power fuel cells. In the design of a fuel cell, flow channels are generally arranged on a bipolar plate, parallel serpentine flow channels or corrugated flow channels are formed by stamping, and a flow field is composed of flow channels and rib plate areas. The problems that exist are mainly: (1) reaction gas diffuses to the diffusion layer through the flow channel, the diffusion layer below the rib plate is easy to accumulate water, and the reaction gas is difficult to reach; (2) the flow channels are not communicated with each other, and water discharged from a certain flow channel can only be discharged by increasing the pressure difference between the two ends of the flow channel (namely increasing the total flow of gas). (3) The rib plate area of the bipolar plate is pressed on the plane diffusion layer to realize electron transmission, and the distribution of the rib plate directly influences the compression/shear stress distribution on the membrane electrode.
Disclosure of Invention
The gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell with the integrated flow field is provided to solve the defects that in the prior art, the flow channels in the fuel cell are not communicated with each other, and water discharged from a certain flow channel can only be discharged by increasing the pressure difference at two ends of the flow channel (namely increasing the total flow of gas).
A flow field integrated fuel cell gas diffusion layer comprising a substrate layer and a microporous layer; one surface of the substrate layer is provided with a network-shaped flow passage formed by interconnected grooves; the other side of the substrate layer is provided with a microporous layer.
Further, the gas diffusion layer is a connected porous structure with the thickness of 150-500 microns.
Furthermore, the width of the network-shaped flow channel is 100-
The preparation method of the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell with the integrated flow field comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a base layer, wherein the base layer material comprises but is not limited to a carbon fiber base material layer or a metal base layer, when the metal base layer is manufactured, metal powder or a metal fiber felt is required to be filled into a mold, and a high-temperature sintering method is adopted to prepare and form the metal base layer; carbon fiber substrates are generally purchased directly;
(2) carrying out hydrophobic treatment on the substrate layer;
(3) after the hydrophobic treatment, processing to form a network-shaped flow channel with the flow channel width of 100-; preferably, according to a flow channel design scheme, a network-shaped flow channel is formed through machining, orderly grinding, laser etching and other modes;
(4) manufacturing a microporous layer on the surface of one side of the substrate layer without the flow channel;
further, the material of the carbon fiber substrate layer includes, but is not limited to, any one of carbon fiber paper, carbon fiber cloth or carbon fiber felt; the material of the metal powder or metal fiber sintered during the metal substrate layer fabrication includes but is not limited to Cu, Ti, Ag, Au, and the like.
Further, before the step (2), a conductive substrate layer is formed by coating conductive particles on the base layer, wherein the conductive particles include, but are not limited to, at least one of carbon powder, carbon black powder, acetylene black powder, ketjen black powder, SUPER P powder, carbon nanotube powder and graphene powder. The conductive substrate layer can enhance the conductivity of the gas diffusion layer, or the conductive substrate layer is not provided
Further, when the substrate is subjected to the hydrophobic treatment in the step (2), the hydrophobic treatment is performed by immersing the conductive substrate layer in a mixture including a hydrophobic agent, or by directly spraying a mixture including a hydrophobic agent and conductive particles onto the substrate layer. Different hydrophobic layers can be formed according to the spraying degree, and the hydrophobic agent is usually PTFE emulsion;
further, the microporous layer is composed of uniformly distributed porous materials, and the porous materials include, but are not limited to, at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, SUPER P, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
The microporous layer is prepared as follows:
s1, mixing water, glycerol and isopropanol according to a certain volume ratio to serve as a solvent, mixing the porous material and a hydrophobic agent according to a certain proportion, respectively stirring for a certain time by adopting a magnetic stirring machine, an ultrasonic oscillation machine and a dispersion emulsification homogenizer to form uniformly dispersed pasty slurry, and preparing more than three particle gradients according to the particle size of the porous material and the dosage of the hydrophobic agent;
s2, adopting an interval printing method, firstly coating the printing slurry on the hydrophobic base layer, and putting the base layer into an oven to be baked, wherein the oven temperature is 60-150 ℃, and the baking time is 1-60 min.
S3, taking out the paste, then carrying out second printing, wherein the porous material particles in the paste adopted in the printing are smaller than those of the paste adopted in the first printing, and baking again;
and S4, taking out the paste, performing third printing, wherein the porous material particles in the paste adopted in the third printing are smaller than those in the paste adopted in the second printing, and baking again.
And S5, repeating the printing until the thickness of the microporous layer reaches the expected design value, and roasting for 1-5h by using a muffle furnace after the printing is finished.
Furthermore, the size of pores and the gradient distribution of the porosity are controlled by adjusting the particle size of the powder during the processing of the metal substrate layer or the preparation of the microporous layer, and the drainage gradient of the diffusion layer is controlled.
The flow channel of the invention is integrated in the gas diffusion layer, and the bipolar plate can be simplified into a flat plate; the grids/the dendritic flow passages are mutually communicated to ensure gas circulation; the gradient distribution of the water drainage of the diffusion layer is regulated and controlled through porosity, hydrophobic treatment and the like; the invention keeps the gas path smooth through the network-shaped flow channel, and the starvation of downstream reaction gas caused by blockage at one position can be avoided; the flow channel is arranged in the diffusion layer, so that water discharged into the flow channel can be discharged to an outlet along with air flow, and can be absorbed into capillary micropores of the diffusion layer close to the polar plate, and the method can not only keep the smoothness of an air path, but also realize water storage and moisture preservation under a dry condition; the water generated in the electrode is discharged to the flow channels through the diffusion layer, and the water is transported from the electrode to the flow channels in the diffusion layer by the gradient distribution of the strong hydrophobicity near the electrode to the weak hydrophobicity near the bipolar plate in the diffusion layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention solves the following problems: (1) water management problems for fuel cells-flooding of diffusion layers and flow channels, and reactant gas humidification problems; (2) the membrane electrode shearing and stretching stress caused by uneven pressure distribution of the traditional flow channel is solved; (3) the problem of uneven current distribution caused by uneven gas distribution in a diffusion layer in the fuel cell is solved; (4) the design of the bipolar plate, the sealing and the cooling circuit of the electric pile is simplified.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel cell;
fig. 2 is a top view of a gas diffusion layer.
Wherein, 1, the bipolar plate; 2, CCM; and 3, a diffusion layer.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Examples
A gas diffusion layer of an integrated flow field, which has the thickness of 150-500 microns, comprises a substrate layer and a micropore layer. The substrate layer surface (the side to which the bipolar plate is attached) has a flow field formed by interconnected grooves. Different hydrophobic/hydrophilic treatments are applied to the two sides of the diffusion layer to provide a gradient of water drainage. As shown in fig. 1, the hydrophobicity is weaker than stronger in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 2 is a top view of a gas diffusion layer.
The preparation method of the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell with the integrated flow field comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a metal substrate layer, wherein metal powder or a metal fiber felt is required to be filled into a mold when the metal substrate layer is manufactured, and a high-temperature sintering method is adopted to prepare and form the metal substrate layer;
(2) coating conductive particles on the base layer to prepare a conductive base material layer, wherein the conductive particles are carbon black powder, and then carrying out hydrophobic treatment in a manner that the conductive base material layer is immersed in a mixture containing a hydrophobic agent or the mixture containing the hydrophobic agent and the conductive particles is directly sprayed on the base material layer;
(3) after the hydrophobic treatment, processing to form a network-shaped flow channel with the flow channel width of 100-; preferably, according to a flow channel design scheme, a network-shaped flow channel is formed through machining, orderly grinding, laser etching and other modes;
(4) carrying out flattening treatment on the network-shaped flow channel on the substrate;
(5) manufacturing a microporous layer on the surface of one side of the substrate layer without the flow channel; the microporous layer is composed of uniformly distributed porous materials of Keqin black, carbon nano tubes and graphene.
The microporous layer is prepared as follows:
s1, mixing water, glycerol and isopropanol according to a certain volume ratio to serve as a solvent, mixing the porous material and a hydrophobic agent according to a certain proportion, respectively stirring for a certain time by adopting a magnetic stirring machine, an ultrasonic oscillation machine and a dispersion emulsification homogenizer to form uniformly dispersed pasty slurry, and preparing more than three particle gradients according to the particle size of the porous material and the dosage of the hydrophobic agent;
s2, adopting an interval printing method, firstly coating the printing slurry on the hydrophobic base layer, and putting the base layer into an oven to be baked, wherein the oven temperature is 60-150 ℃, and the baking time is 1-60 min.
S3, taking out the paste, then carrying out second printing, wherein the porous material particles in the paste adopted in the printing are smaller than those of the paste adopted in the first printing, and baking again;
and S4, taking out the paste, performing third printing, wherein the porous material particles in the paste adopted in the third printing are smaller than those in the paste adopted in the second printing, and baking again.
And S5, repeating the printing until the thickness of the microporous layer reaches the expected design value, and roasting for 1-5h by using a muffle furnace after the printing is finished.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell gas diffusion layer integrated with a flow field is characterized by comprising a substrate layer and a microporous layer; one surface of the substrate layer is provided with a network-shaped flow passage formed by interconnected grooves; the other side of the substrate layer is provided with a microporous layer.
2. The fuel cell gas diffusion layer of an integrated flow field according to claim 1, wherein the gas diffusion layer is a connected porous structure having a thickness of 150-500 μm.
3. The fuel cell gas diffusion layer of an integrated flow field according to claim 1, wherein the width of the network-shaped flow channels is 100-1000 microns and the depth is 100-300 microns.
4. The method of making a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell integrated flow field according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) manufacturing a base layer, wherein the base layer material comprises but is not limited to a carbon fiber base material layer or a metal base layer, when the metal base layer is manufactured, metal powder or a metal fiber felt is required to be filled into a mold, and a high-temperature sintering method is adopted to prepare and form the metal base layer;
(2) carrying out hydrophobic treatment on the substrate layer;
(3) after the hydrophobic treatment, processing and forming a network-shaped flow channel with the flow channel width of 100-;
(4) and manufacturing a microporous layer on the surface of the substrate layer without the flow channel.
5. The method of preparing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell with an integrated flow field according to claim 4, wherein the material of the carbon fiber substrate layer includes but is not limited to any one of carbon fiber paper, carbon fiber cloth or carbon fiber felt; the material of the metal powder or metal fiber sintered during the metal substrate layer fabrication includes but is not limited to Cu, Ti, Ag and Au.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the conductive substrate layer is formed by coating conductive particles on the substrate layer before the step (2), wherein the conductive particles include but are not limited to at least one of carbon powder, carbon black powder, acetylene black powder, ketjen black powder, SUPER P powder, carbon nanotube powder, and graphene powder.
7. The method of preparing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell with an integrated flow field according to claim 6, wherein the step (2) of hydrophobic-treating the substrate comprises immersing the conductive substrate layer in a mixture comprising a hydrophobic agent, or spraying a mixture comprising a hydrophobic agent and conductive particles directly onto the substrate layer.
8. The method of preparing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell with an integrated flow field according to claim 4, wherein the microporous layer is composed of uniformly distributed porous materials including but not limited to at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, SUPER P, carbon nanotubes, graphene.
9. A method of making a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell integrated flow field according to claim 8 wherein the microporous layer is made by:
s1, mixing water, glycerol and isopropanol according to a certain volume ratio to serve as a solvent, mixing the porous material and a hydrophobic agent according to a certain proportion, respectively stirring for a certain time by adopting a magnetic stirring machine, an ultrasonic oscillation machine and a dispersion emulsification homogenizer to form uniformly dispersed pasty slurry, and preparing more than three particle gradients according to the particle size of the porous material and the dosage of the hydrophobic agent;
s2, adopting an interval printing method, firstly coating the printing slurry on the hydrophobic base layer, and putting the base layer into an oven to be baked, wherein the oven temperature is 60-150 ℃, and the baking time is 1-60 min.
S3, taking out the paste, then carrying out second printing, wherein the porous material particles in the paste adopted in the printing are smaller than those of the paste adopted in the first printing, and baking again;
and S4, taking out the paste, performing third printing, wherein the porous material particles in the paste adopted in the third printing are smaller than those in the paste adopted in the second printing, and baking again.
And S5, repeating the printing until the thickness of the microporous layer reaches the expected design value, and roasting for 1-5h by using a muffle furnace after the printing is finished.
10. The method of manufacturing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell with an integrated flow field according to claim 4 or 9, wherein the pore size, the gradient distribution of the porosity, and the drainage gradient of the diffusion layer are controlled by adjusting the powder particle size at the time of processing the metal substrate layer or manufacturing the microporous layer.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112331878A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-05 | 青岛科技大学 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN112387969A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-23 | 西部金属材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing metal fiber felt through resistance sintering, metal fiber felt and application |
| CN113422068A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-09-21 | 华东理工大学 | Gas diffusion layer, preparation method and application thereof and fuel cell |
| CN114068948A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-18 | 吉林大学 | Fuel cell bipolar plate with bionic active water collection and drainage function and water collection and drainage method |
| CN114335631A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏大学 | Quick low-temperature cold start fuel cell |
| CN114447359A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-06 | 同济大学 | Gas diffusion layer structure integrated with reaction gas flow channel, bipolar plate and fuel cell |
| CN114709435A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-07-05 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | Composite microporous layer in gas diffusion layer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114725399A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-08 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start adaptive gas diffusion layer, preparation method thereof and fuel cell |
| CN114744215A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-12 | 昀际科技(上海)有限责任公司 | Fuel cell gas diffusion layer with novel structure and preparation method |
| CN116096962A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2023-05-09 | 捷德货币技术有限责任公司 | Method for producing a paper for producing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell |
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| CN116096962B (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2024-06-11 | 捷德货币技术有限责任公司 | Method for producing a paper for producing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell |
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| CN114068948A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-18 | 吉林大学 | Fuel cell bipolar plate with bionic active water collection and drainage function and water collection and drainage method |
| CN114068948B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-10-13 | 吉林大学 | Fuel cell bipolar plate with bionic active water collecting and draining function and water collecting and draining method |
| CN114335631B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-09-29 | 江苏大学 | Quick low-temperature cold start fuel cell |
| CN114335631A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏大学 | Quick low-temperature cold start fuel cell |
| CN114447359A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-06 | 同济大学 | Gas diffusion layer structure integrated with reaction gas flow channel, bipolar plate and fuel cell |
| CN114744215A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-12 | 昀际科技(上海)有限责任公司 | Fuel cell gas diffusion layer with novel structure and preparation method |
| CN114744215B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-10-10 | 上海碳际实业集团有限公司 | Fuel cell gas diffusion layer with novel structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN114725399A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-08 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start adaptive gas diffusion layer, preparation method thereof and fuel cell |
| CN114725399B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-10-17 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start adaptive gas diffusion layer, preparation method thereof and fuel cell |
| CN114709435A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-07-05 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | Composite microporous layer in gas diffusion layer and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200814 |