CN111538077A - Pre-stack depth migration method and device based on dip angle constraint - Google Patents
Pre-stack depth migration method and device based on dip angle constraint Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a pre-stack depth migration method and a device based on dip angle constraint, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out prestack depth migration on the seismic data of the target area to obtain a prestack dip angle imaging gather; carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather to obtain imaging section data; acquiring a prestack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint according to the true formation dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area; and carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data. The invention can carry out prestack depth migration based on inclination angle constraint and has low imaging signal-to-noise ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a prestack depth migration method and device based on dip angle constraint.
Background
In a complex mountain structure area, due to the fact that the speed is changed violently in the transverse direction, pre-stack depth migration imaging can effectively improve the structure precision, and high-quality imaging data are provided for subsequent explanation. However, the same migration aperture is adopted in the conventional prestack depth migration process, and for the underground structure with large inclination angle and good imaging, the aperture is often selected to be large and brings noise, so that the imaging signal to noise ratio is reduced.
And aiming at the noise brought by the large offset aperture, necessary constraint is introduced to reduce the noise and improve the imaging signal-to-noise ratio. The introduced constraint condition is very critical how to constrain the offset noise brought in by the overlarge aperture and ensure the imaging of the large inclination angle. And the current lack of effective constraint conditions of prestack depth migration enables the signal-to-noise ratio of the final prestack depth migration imaging to be low.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a dip-constraint-based prestack depth migration method, which is used for prestack depth migration based on dip constraint and has low imaging signal-to-noise ratio and comprises the following steps:
carrying out prestack depth migration on the seismic data of the target area to obtain a prestack dip angle imaging gather;
carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather to obtain imaging section data;
acquiring a prestack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint according to the true formation dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area;
and carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data.
The embodiment of the invention provides a pre-stack depth migration device based on dip angle constraint, which is used for pre-stack depth migration based on dip angle constraint and has low imaging signal-to-noise ratio, and comprises the following components:
the system comprises a first module, a second module and a third module, wherein the first module is used for carrying out prestack depth migration on seismic data of a target area to obtain a prestack dip angle imaging gather;
the second module is used for carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather to obtain imaging section data;
the third module is used for obtaining a pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint according to the true formation dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area;
and the fourth module is used for carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements the pre-stack depth migration method based on the tilt constraint.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for executing the pre-stack depth migration method based on the dip constraint.
In the embodiment of the invention, pre-stack depth migration is carried out on seismic data of a target area to obtain a pre-stack dip angle imaging gather; carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather to obtain imaging section data; acquiring a prestack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint according to the true formation dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area; and carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data. In the process, the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint is obtained through the true stratigraphic dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area, so that the final pre-stack dip angle imaging gather has the dip angle constraint, and when superposition imaging is carried out, noise can be reduced, and the imaging signal-to-noise ratio is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a pre-stack depth migration method based on dip constraints in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the computation of a prestack dip imaging gather in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed flowchart of a pre-stack depth migration method based on dip angle constraint according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pre-stack depth migration apparatus based on dip angle constraint according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present specification, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are used in an open-ended fashion, i.e., to mean including, but not limited to. Reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "a particular embodiment," "some embodiments," "for example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The sequence of steps involved in the embodiments is for illustrative purposes to illustrate the implementation of the present application, and the sequence of steps is not limited and can be adjusted as needed.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a pre-stack depth migration method based on dip angle constraint in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
101, performing prestack depth migration on seismic data of a target area to obtain a prestack dip imaging gather;
102, carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather to obtain imaging section data;
103, acquiring a pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint according to the true stratigraphic dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area;
and step 104, carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data.
In the embodiment of the invention, the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint is obtained through the true stratigraphic dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area, so that the final pre-stack dip angle imaging gather has dip angle constraint, and when superposition imaging is carried out, noise can be reduced and the imaging signal-to-noise ratio can be improved.
In step 101, performing prestack depth migration on seismic data of a target area to obtain a prestack dip imaging gather, which includes the following specific steps:
the pre-stack dip imaging gather is generated by calculating the dip of a reflection interface according to the seismic data of a target area, and the pre-stack dip imaging gather can be obtained by utilizing the local direction decomposition of a wave field under a wave theory framework and also can be obtained by calculating the space gradient during travel under a ray theory framework. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pre-stack dip imaging gather calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention, shown in FIG. 2, for a three-dimensional case, an incident slowness vector psAnd the scattering slowness vector prTogether describe the propagation direction characteristics of the wave at the scattering point m. Sum of incident and scattering slowness vectors pmReferred to as illumination vectors. p is a radical ofmThe included angle between the reflecting surface and the z-axis is the inclination angle of the reflecting interface and is also the illumination inclination angle
The gradient direction of the travel time field is obtained through calculation, and then p of the incident directions of the excitation point and the receiving point can be obtainedsAnd prThe formula is as follows:
in the formula, τsAnd τrRespectively, the travel time field of the excitation point and the receiving point. By psAnd prThe tilt angle of the reflecting interface can be obtained by the following formula:
by calculating the dip angle of the reflection interface at the imaging depth of the input seismic channel and accumulating the imaging result on the corresponding dip angle position, the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather is obtained after the seismic data of all target areas are calculated.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
and obtaining the true formation dip angle of the target area through plane wave decomposition.
In the above embodiment, the specific process of obtaining the true formation dip of the target region through plane wave decomposition is as follows: the local plane wave differential equation adopted by the plane wave decomposition filter is as follows:
where σ is the local slope, at different observation points x1、x2With a certain plane wave propagation depth difference sigma x1-x2Let the unit of a local slope be the ratio of the lateral unit length Δ x to the longitudinal unit length Δ z. Is provided with
Then the difference in plane wave propagation depth for two neighboring points is p Δ z:
u(x,z)＝u(x+Δx,z+pΔz) (5)
the Z transformation in the x and Z directions for the above equation is as follows:
(1-ZxZz p)U(Zx,Zz)＝0 (6)
wherein (1-Z)xZz p) Is a plane wave decomposition operator. Approximation of Z with Thiran fractional delayz p＝ejwpThen the plane wave operator becomes:
wherein,
n is the order of the filter, bk(p) is a function of the local slope p.
The basic formula of the plane wave decomposition filter for calculating the local slope of the stratum is as follows
C′(σ)Δσd+C(σ)d≈0 (9)
Where Δ σ represents the increment of the slope, and C' (σ) is the derivative of the filter C (σ), the true formation dip can be found from the local slope of the formation.
In one embodiment, obtaining a set of pre-stack dip imaging traces with dip constraints based on true stratigraphic dip and imaging profile data for a target region comprises:
determining the range of an inclined angle imaging area according to the true formation inclined angle when the imaging value at the imaging point in the imaging section data tends to be stable and reaches a maximum value;
and determining a constraint range of the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather based on the range of the dip angle imaging area, wherein the constraint range of the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather is used for constructing the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint.
In one embodiment, the inclination angleThe imaging area is in the range of [ theta- β ]1,θ+β2]Where theta is the true formation dip of the target zone, theta- β1Is the initial tilt angle value of the tilt angle imaging zone, theta + β2An end tilt value for the tilt imaging zone;
the constraint range of the prestack dip imaging gather is [ β ]1,β2]。
Therefore, the judgment condition that the imaging value at the imaging point in the imaging section data tends to be stable and reaches the maximum value in the foregoing embodiment is as follows:
where ψ (z, x) is an imaging value corresponding to an angle x of an imaging point at a z position, and the threshold value is determined by the maximum amplitude of the imaging value.
And finally, carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data, wherein the updated imaging section data is low in signal-to-noise ratio and meets the requirements.
Based on the above embodiment, the present invention provides the following embodiment to explain a detailed flow of the pre-stack depth migration method based on the dip constraint, and fig. 3 is a detailed flow chart of the pre-stack depth migration method based on the dip constraint according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, including:
301, obtaining a true stratigraphic dip angle of a target area through plane wave decomposition;
302, performing prestack depth migration on seismic data of a target area to obtain a prestack dip imaging gather;
303, carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather to obtain imaging section data;
305, determining a constraint range of a pre-stack dip angle imaging gather based on the range of the dip angle imaging area, wherein the constraint range of the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather is used for constructing the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint;
and step 306, carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data.
Of course, it is understood that other variations of the above detailed flow can be made, and all such variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
In summary, in the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, prestack depth migration is performed on seismic data of a target area to obtain a prestack dip imaging gather; carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather to obtain imaging section data; acquiring a prestack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint according to the true formation dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area; and carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data. In the process, the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint is obtained through the true stratigraphic dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area, so that the final pre-stack dip angle imaging gather has the dip angle constraint, and when superposition imaging is carried out, noise can be reduced, and the imaging signal-to-noise ratio is improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a pre-stack depth migration device based on the dip angle constraint, the principle of which is similar to that of a pre-stack depth migration method based on the dip angle constraint, and the details are not repeated here.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pre-stack depth migration apparatus based on tilt angle constraint according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, including:
a first module 401, configured to perform prestack depth migration on seismic data of a target area to obtain a prestack dip imaging gather;
a second module 402, configured to perform overlay imaging on the pre-stack dip imaging gather to obtain imaging profile data;
a third module 403, configured to obtain a pre-stack dip imaging gather with dip constraint according to the true formation dip and the imaging profile data of the target region;
a fourth module 404, configured to perform overlay imaging on the pre-stack dip imaging gather with the dip constraint to obtain updated imaging profile data.
In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a fifth module 405 for:
and obtaining the true formation dip angle of the target area through plane wave decomposition.
In an embodiment, the third module 403 is specifically configured to:
determining the range of an inclined angle imaging area according to the true formation inclined angle when the imaging value at the imaging point in the imaging section data tends to be stable and reaches a maximum value;
and determining a constraint range of the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather based on the range of the dip angle imaging area, wherein the constraint range of the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather is used for constructing the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint.
In one embodiment, the tilt imaging zone ranges from [ theta- β1,θ+β2]Where theta is the true formation dip of the target zone, theta- β1Is the initial tilt angle value of the tilt angle imaging zone, theta + β2An end tilt value for the tilt imaging zone;
the constraint range of the prestack dip imaging gather is [ β ]1,β2]。
In summary, in the apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention, prestack depth migration is performed on seismic data of a target area to obtain a prestack dip imaging gather; carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather to obtain imaging section data; acquiring a prestack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint according to the true formation dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area; and carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data. In the process, the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint is obtained through the true stratigraphic dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area, so that the final pre-stack dip angle imaging gather has the dip angle constraint, and when superposition imaging is carried out, noise can be reduced, and the imaging signal-to-noise ratio is improved.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer device, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the present invention, where the computer device is capable of implementing all steps in the pre-stack depth migration method based on the dip constraint in the foregoing embodiment, and the electronic device specifically includes the following contents:
a processor (processor)501, a memory (memory)502, a communication interface (communications interface)503, and a bus 504;
the processor 501, the memory 502 and the communication interface 503 complete mutual communication through the bus 504; the communication interface 503 is used for implementing information transmission between related devices such as server-side devices, detection devices, and user-side devices;
the processor 501 is used to call a computer program in the memory 502, and when the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements all the steps of the dip constraint-based prestack depth migration method in the above embodiments.
Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium, which can implement all steps of the dip constraint-based prestack depth migration method in the above embodiments, and the computer-readable storage medium stores thereon a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements all steps of the dip constraint-based prestack depth migration method in the above embodiments.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pre-stack depth migration method based on dip angle constraint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out prestack depth migration on the seismic data of the target area to obtain a prestack dip angle imaging gather;
carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather to obtain imaging section data;
acquiring a prestack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint according to the true formation dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area;
and carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data.
2. The dip constraint-based prestack depth migration method of claim 1, further comprising:
and obtaining the true formation dip angle of the target area through plane wave decomposition.
3. The dip constraint-based prestack depth migration method of claim 1, wherein obtaining a prestack dip imaging gather with dip constraints based on true stratigraphic dips and imaging profile data for a target region comprises:
determining the range of an inclined angle imaging area according to the true formation inclined angle when the imaging value at the imaging point in the imaging section data tends to be stable and reaches a maximum value;
and determining a constraint range of the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather based on the range of the dip angle imaging area, wherein the constraint range of the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather is used for constructing the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint.
4. The tilt-constraint-based prestack depth migration method of claim 3, characterized in that the tilt imaging zone ranges from [ theta- β ]1,θ+β2]Where theta is the true formation dip of the target zone, theta- β1Is the initial tilt angle value of the tilt angle imaging zone, theta + β2An end tilt value for the tilt imaging zone;
the constraint range of the prestack dip imaging gather is [ β ]1,β2]。
5. A pre-stack depth migration apparatus based on dip angle constraint, comprising:
the system comprises a first module, a second module and a third module, wherein the first module is used for carrying out prestack depth migration on seismic data of a target area to obtain a prestack dip angle imaging gather;
the second module is used for carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather to obtain imaging section data;
the third module is used for obtaining a pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint according to the true formation dip angle and the imaging section data of the target area;
and the fourth module is used for carrying out superposition imaging on the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with the dip angle constraint to obtain updated imaging section data.
6. The pre-stack depth migration apparatus based on tilt angle constraint of claim 5, further comprising a fifth module for:
and obtaining the true formation dip angle of the target area through plane wave decomposition.
7. The dip constraint-based prestack depth migration apparatus of claim 5, wherein the third module is specifically configured to:
determining the range of an inclined angle imaging area according to the true formation inclined angle when the imaging value at the imaging point in the imaging section data tends to be stable and reaches a maximum value;
and determining a constraint range of the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather based on the range of the dip angle imaging area, wherein the constraint range of the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather is used for constructing the pre-stack dip angle imaging gather with dip angle constraint.
8. The tilt-constraint-based prestack depth migration apparatus of claim 7, wherein the tilt imaging zone has a range of [ theta- β ]1,θ+β2]Where theta is the true formation dip of the target zone, theta- β1Is the initial tilt angle value of the tilt angle imaging zone, theta + β2An end tilt value for the tilt imaging zone;
the constraint range of the prestack dip imaging gather is [ β ]1,β2]。
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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